Apple-2-Tools
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Apple II notes

Memory Map

Page Use
$00 Page Zero
$01 System stack
$02 Input buffer
$03 Monitor vector locations
$04-$07 Text/Lo-Res Primary
$08-$0B Text/Lo-Res Secondary
$0C-$1F Free RAM
$20-$3F Hires Primary
$40-$5F Hires Secondary
$60-$BF Free RAM
$C0 I/O and softswitches
$C1-$C7 ROM for seven peripheral cards
$C8-$CF switchable ROM for peripheral cards
$D0-$D7 empty ROM socket #1 / Programmer's Aid #1
$D8-$DF empty ROM socket #2
$E0-$F7 Integer BASIC ROM
$F8-$FF Monitor ROM

Integer Basic Map

Address Use
$E000-$F424 BASIC
$F425-$F4FB Floating point math package 1/2
$F4FC-$F4FF ??? (4 bytes)
$F500-$F63C Miniassembler
$F63D-$F65D Floating point math package 2/2
$F65E-$F665 ??? (8 bytes)
$F666-$F668 Miniassembler entry point
$F669-$F688 ??? (32 bytes)
$F689-$F7FC SWEET 16 interpreter
$F800-$FFFF Monitor

I/O and softswitches

Address Dec Use
$C00X -16384 Read keyboard: High bit = key pressed
$C01X -16368 Set to 0 to clear keyboard strobe
$C01A -16358 Read: High bit 1 = TEXT switch "ON"
$C01B -16357 Read: High bit 1 = MIXED switch "ON"
$C01C -16356 Read: High bit 1 = PAGE2 switch "ON"
$C01D -16355 Read: High bit 1 = HIRES switch "ON"
$C02X Casette output toggle
$C03X -16336 Speaker toggle
$C04X Output strobe to Game I/O connector
$C050 -16304 Set graphics mode
$C051 -16303 Set text mode
$C052 -16302 Set bottom 4 lines graphics
$C053 -16301 Set bottom 4 lines text
$C054 -16300 Display primary page
$C055 -16299 Display secondary page
$C056 -16298 Set HIRES graphics mode
$C057 -16297 Set color graphics mode
$CØ58 -l6296 Clear Game I/O ANØ output
$CØ59 -l6295 Set Game I/O ANØ output
$CØ5A -l6294 Clear Game I/O ANl output
$CØ5B -l6293 Set Game I/O ANl output
$CØ5C -l6292 Clear Game I/O AN2 output
$CØ5D -l629l Set Game I/O AN2 output
$CØ5E -l629Ø Clear Game I/O AN3 output
$CØ5F -l6289 Set Game I/O AN3 output
$C060/8 Tape in (bit 7)
$C061/9 -16287 "SW1": PDL(0) switch: High bit 1 = "on"
$C062/A -16286 "SW2": PDL(1) switch: High bit 1 = "on"
$C063/B -16285 "SW3": PDL(2) switch: High bit 1 = "on"
$C064/C Paddle 0 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C065/D Paddle 1 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C066/E Paddle 2 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C067/F Paddle 3 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C064 Paddle0
$C07X Trigger paddle timers during \Zero_2
$C08X Device select 0: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C09X Device select 1: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0AX Device select 2: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0BX Device select 3: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0CX Device select 4: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0DX Device select 5: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0EX Device select 6: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0FX Device select 7: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C10X Device select (8): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C11X Device select (9): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C12X Device select (A): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C13X Device select (B): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C14X Device select (C): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C15X Device select (D): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C16X Device select (E): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C17X Device select (F): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C1XX I/O Select 1: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C2XX I/O Select 2: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C3XX I/O Select 3: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C4XX I/O Select 4: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C5XX I/O Select 5: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C6XX I/O Select 6: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C7XX I/O Select 7: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C8XX I/O Select (8): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C9XX I/O Select (9): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CAXX I/O Select (A): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CBXX I/O Select (B): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CCXX I/O Select (C): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CDXX I/O Select (D): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CEXX I/O Select (E): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CFXX I/O Select (F): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CFFF switchable peripheral ROM - find out more

Page 00

Address Dec Description
$00-$1F Register area for "sweet 16"
$18 (DOS) first track of data
$19 (DOS) first sector of data
$1A (DOS) number of sectors to load
$1B (DOS) HIGH BYTE of buffer (LO is always 0)
$1A/B Shape pointer used by DRAW and XDRAW
$1C Last color used (HCOLOR converted to its color byte)
$20 32 Left edge of window (0-39)
$21 33 Width of the window (0 to 40 - Left)
$22 34 Top edge of window (0-23)
$23 35 Bottom of window (0-23) Bottom > Top
$24 36 HTAB: 0-39
$25 37 VTAB: 0-23
$2B 43 Boot SLOT * 16
$2C 44 Lo-res line end-point
$30 48 Lores color * 17
$32 50 Inverse($3F), Flash($7F), Normal($FF), Invisible($80)
$33 Prompt-char
$4A/B 74-75 LOMEM address (INT)
$4C/D 76-77 HIMEM address (INT)
$4E-$4F 78-79 16-bit number, randomized with each key entry
214 Poke 255 to auto-run program
212 Error code flag in decimal
216 High bit set if error detected: zero to clear
222 Error code
224-226 HIRES GR X&Y coordinates
$E4 228 Color being used {0=0:42=1:85=2:127=3:128=4:170=5:213=6:255=7}
$E6 230 HIRES PLOTTING PAGE (32=1/64=2/96=3)
$E7 231 SCALE of shape
$EA 234 COLLISION COUNTER for shapes
241 256-SPEED
$F3 243 FLASH MASK
$F9 249 ROT

Page 03

Address Description
$0320/1 Low-endian HIRES X coordinate: 0-279
$0322 HIRES Y coordinate: 0-159
$0324/5 Start address of SHAPE TABLE
$032C COLOR for HIRES
$03F8 CTRL-Y in Monitor with JSR here
$03FB NMI
$03FE-$03FF IRQ sent to this address

Basic locations

Address Dec Description
2049 Set to 1 for "list protection"

DOS routines

Address Dec Description
42350 Catalog

Monitor routines

Address Dec Dec Description
$F3D4 -3116 HGR2
$F3DE -3106 HGR
$F3F2 -3086 CLEAR HIRES SCREEN
$F3F6 -3082 CLEAR HIRES SCREEN to HCOLOR
$FB2F -1233 TEXT
$FB40 -1216 GR
$FB60 -1184 PRINT "APPLE ]["
$FBE4 -1052 RING BELL
$FBF4 -1036 MOVE CURSOR RIGHT
$FC10 -1008 MOVE CURSOR LEFT
$FC1A -998 MOVE CURSOR UP 1 LINE
$FC58 -936 HOME
$FD0C -756 WAIT FOR KEYPRESS
$FD67 -665 GET a LINE of input with PROMPT, LINE FEED, and wait.
$FD6A -662 GET a LINE of input with PROMPT, NO LINE FEED, and wait.
$FD6F -657 GET a LINE of input with NO PROMPT or LINE FEED, and wait.
$FE80 -384 INVERSE
$FE84 -380 NORMAL
$FECA -310 WRITE to tape
$FEFD -259 READ from tape

References

Language card

Install in slot 0. Replaces RAM chip in E3 with a cable to the card. Contains "autostart ROM" Adds Esc-ijkm movement Ctrl-S stop/start program listings

Autostart ROM details

$3F0/1 Break vector: $59,$FA $3F2/3 Reset vector: $03, $E0 (for non-disk systems after power-up reset) $3F4 Powered up mask: $45

Memory details

Address Description
$D000-$DFFF 4K bank-switched memory
$E000-$F7FF RAM
$F800-$FFFF Language card ROM

Control codes

Bit 2 is ignored. Bit 3 chooses which RAM banks is switched in to $D000-$DFFF. When RAM is deselected (and write-enabled), it can be written but not read. When RAM is deselected, Language Card ROM is mapped to $F800-$FFFF. Power-on RESET initializes ROM to read mode, and RAM to write mode, and selects the second 4K bank for $D000-$DFFF.

Second 4K Bank First 4K Bank Description
$C080 $C088 Select RAM read. Write-protect RAM
$C081 $C089 Deselect RAM reaad (enable ROM)
Two or more successive reads = write-enable RAM
$C082 $C08A Deselect RAM read (enable ROM). Write-protect RAM
$C083 $C08B Select RAM read.
Two or more successive reads = write-enable RAM

Revisions

II

  • Integer Basic

  • Revision 0

    • Only 4 hires colors: black, white, violet, green

  • Revision 1

    • 6 hires colors
    • Color killer
    • power-on-reset
    • auto-start
    • 24k memory map problem (?!)
    • keyboard strobe flip flop connected to reset

II+

  • Applesoft
  • Usually with 16k "Language Card"

IIe

  • 80-column card