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215 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
215 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)utmp.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
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.\"
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.TH UTMP 5 "17 September 1997" GNO "File Formats"
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.SH NAME
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.BR utmp ,
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.BR wtmp ,
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.BR lastlog
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\- login records
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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#include <utmp.h>
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The file
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.BR <utmp.h>
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declares the structures used to record information about current
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users in the file
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.BR utmp ,
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logins and logouts in the file
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.BR wtmp ,
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and last logins in the file
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.BR lastlog .
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The time stamps of date changes, shutdowns and reboots are also logged in
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the
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.BR wtmp
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file.
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.LP
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These files can grow rapidly on busy systems, daily or weekly rotation
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is recommended.
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If any of these files do not exist, it is not created.
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These
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files must be created manually and are normally maintained in either the script
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.BR /etc/daily
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or the script
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.BR /etc/weekly .
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(See
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.BR cron (8).)
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.nf
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#define _PATH_UTMP "/var/run/utmp"
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#define _PATH_WTMP "/var/log/wtmp"
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#define _PATH_LASTLOG "/var/log/lastlog"
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#define UT_NAMESIZE 8
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#define UT_LINESIZE 8
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#define UT_HOSTSIZE 16
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struct lastlog {
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time_t ll_time;
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char ll_line[UT_LINESIZE];
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char ll_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
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};
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struct utmp {
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char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE];
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char ut_name[UT_NAMESIZE];
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char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
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long ut_time;
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};
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.fi
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.LP
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Each time a user logs in, the
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.BR login
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program looks up the user's
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.I UID
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in the file
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.BR lastlog.
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If it is found, the timestamp of the last time the user logged
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in, the terminal line and the hostname
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are written to the standard output. (Providing the login is not
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.IR quiet ,
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see
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.BR login (1).)
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The
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.BR login
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program then records the new login time in the file
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.BR lastlog .
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.LP
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After the new
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.I lastlog
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record is written,
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the file
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.BR utmp
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is opened and the
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.I utmp
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record for the user inserted.
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This record remains there until
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the user logs out at which time it is deleted.
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The
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.BR utmp
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file is used by the programs
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.BR rwho (1),
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.BR users (1),
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.BR w (1),
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and
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.BR who (1).
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.LP
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Next, the
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.BR login
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program opens the file
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.BR wtmp ,
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and appends the user's
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.I utmp
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record.
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The same
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.I utmp
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record, with an updated time stamp is later appended
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to the file when the user logs out. (See
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.BR init (8).)
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The
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.BR wtmp
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file is used by the programs
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.BR last (1)
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and
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.BR ac (8).
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.LP
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In the event of a date change, a shutdown or reboot, the
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following items are logged in the
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.BR wtmp
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file.
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.LP
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.RS
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.IP "\fBreboot\fR, \fBshutdown\fR"
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A system reboot or shutdown has been initiated.
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The character
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.BR \&~
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is placed in the field
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.IR ut_line ,
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and
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.B reboot
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or
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.B shutdown
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in the field
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.IR ut_name .
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(See
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.BR shutdown (8)
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and
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.BR reboot (8).)
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.LP
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.IP \fBdate\fR
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The system time has been manually or automatically updated.
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(See
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.BR date (1).)
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The command name
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.BR date
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is recorded in the field
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.IR ut_name .
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In the field
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.IR ut_line ,
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the character
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.BR \\*(Ba
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indicates the time prior to the change, and the character
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.BR \&{
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indicates the new time.
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.RE
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.SH FILES
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.RS
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.IP \fB/var/run/utmp\fR
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The
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.BR utmp file.
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.IP \fB/var/log/wtmp\fR
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The
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.BR wtmp file.
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.IP \fB/var/log/lastlog\fR
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The
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.BR lastlog file.
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.RE
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.SH BUGS
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This man page is not quite right for the GNO implementation (the structures
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are incorrect, as is the utmp path).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR last (1),
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.BR login (1),
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.BR who (1),
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.BR ac (8),
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.BR init (8)
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.SH HISTORY
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A
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.BR utmp
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and
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.BR wtmp
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file format appeared in v6.
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The
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.BR lastlog
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file format appeared in 3.0BSD.
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