Complete rewrite
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Elliot Nunn
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README.md
61
README.md
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Everything I know about the obscure "linked patch" system
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programming/binary interface in System 7.1-??
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The "Linked Patches" are an unusual 68k code format in the System
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resource fork of Mac OS 7-9. They contain initialization code to run at
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boot and runtime code for installation in RAM-based vector tables.
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The idea was to provide a macro-based interface that a 68k assembly
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programmer could use to create RAM-based "patches" for a newly booted
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MacOS system. Similar patches were needed even in the original Macintosh
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System Software to fix bugs in the shipping ROM. Runtime patching also
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came to be used to add new software features to old Mac models. But
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writing a patch in pure 68k assembly, especially a "come-from" patch,
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was very tedious and usually required self-modifying code.
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The first Linked Patches shipped in the interdependent 'lpch' resources
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of System 7.0.
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The linked patches incrementally improved that situation. Here is a
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summary of the design decisions made:
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From System 7.5, 'gpch' resources contained groups of functionally
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related 'lpch' resources. A group could be loaded or not according to
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the host machine. This was controlled by one 'gusd' and multiple 'gtbl'
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resource.
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- A library of 68k macros provided a nearly-declarative way to describe
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to installation process for a given patch.
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- The runtime RAM usage was minimised by separating installation from
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runtime code, and by segmenting each code module at build time
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according to its target ROM releases.
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- Advantage was taken of the huge commonality carefully between
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Macintosh ROM releases, which was painstakingly maintained by binary
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patching and "overpatching".
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- Object files containing patches woulod be linked into resources by a
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full linker, making dead code elimination available and allowing the
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direct inclusion of code originally meant for a ROM build.
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- Runtime self-modification of code was done almost entirely by a
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generic runtime loader, instead of allowing each patch writer to come
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up with a unique and uniquely buggy solution.
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- Special assembly facilities were made available to ease the writing of
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come-from patches (patches that wrested control from a buggy segment
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of ROM by hijacking a possibly unrelated trap in the vicinity).
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Specifically, it was easy to describe the address of the target trap
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and to produce code that would test that the trap was indeed being
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called from that address.
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`patch_rip.py` is a Python 3 script to dump a group of 'lpch' resources
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(or a single 'gpch' resource) to text.
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## Usage
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First, `pip3 install macresources` to get the `rfx` command-line tool,
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which exposes the resources inside a resource fork like regular files.
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Then point `patch_rip.py` at the System file of interest:
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rfx ./patch_rip.py System/..namedfork/rsrc//lpch/ # macOS 10's kernel resource fork support
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rfx ./patch_rip.py System.hqx//lpch/ # BinHex file
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rfx ./patch_rip.py System//lpch/ # Rez file named "System.rdump"
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To dump a numbered 'gpch' file instead, replace `//lpch/`, which expands
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to a path for each lpch resource, with `//gpch/NNN`, which expands to a
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single path.
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The output is not disassembled, but it is annotated with the known
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locations of specialised "jsr" instructions, etc.
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#!/bin/bash
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cd "$(dirname $BASH_SOURCE)"
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VANILLA=~/Documents/mac/primary/Sys710x.rdump
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SUPERMARIO=~/Documents/mac/supermario/worktree/cube-e
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BUILT=$SUPERMARIO/BuildResults/System/System.rdump
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RH="-rh $SUPERMARIO/BuildResults/System/Lib/LinkedPatches.lib"
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SH="-sh $SUPERMARIO/BuildResults/System/Text/LinkPatchJumpTbl"
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COMMON="-w 16 $RH $SH"
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for MODE in pt pm pr pj pjh pp; do
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(
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./patch_rip.py -$MODE $COMMON $BUILT >/tmp/elliot-$MODE-lpch
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./patch_rip.py -$MODE $COMMON $VANILLA >/tmp/apple-$MODE-lpch; echo >>/tmp/apple-$MODE-lpch
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git diff --no-index -U999999999 /tmp/elliot-$MODE-lpch /tmp/apple-$MODE-lpch >lpch-$MODE.patch
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true
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) &
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done
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for job in `jobs -p`; do
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wait $job
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done
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137
long_notes.txt
137
long_notes.txt
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# This is a manually compiled file showing the layout of the "linked patches" in System 7.1.0
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# patch_rip.py is used to grab the code from each 'lpch' resource, which is then fed into IDA and
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# compared to the SuperMario sources.
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# The idea is to get the linked patches building to a byte-perfect System 7.1
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# (This is one of the last steps to a perfect 7.1 from the SuperMario sources!!!!!)
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# Unhappy suspicion: the Power Manager will be very hard to restore to its old state
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# Format:
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# <hex offset> <file> <symbol>
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lpch 1 1614b(1432b) Plus
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0 SCSILinkPatch.a SCSIBusyPlusInstall
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C FileMgrPatches.a SaveD1AcrossBTDelete
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1E FileMgrPatches.a SaveD3AcrossBTSearch
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30 FileMgrPatches.a SaveD1AcrossBTInsert
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42 FileMgrPatches.a SaveD3AcrossBTGetRecord
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54 FileMgrPatches.a KillCheckRemountSickestWay
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8C LaterFileMgrPatches.a MountVolPatch
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BA LaterFileMgrPatches.a MFSRenamePatch
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E4 ???
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F0 AllB&WQDPatch.a PatchStdRgnPlus
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150 AllB&WQDPatch.a MyPutRgn
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1B2 DrawPicturePlusSE.a FixPStdBits
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1BC DrawPciture32Patch.a FixStdGetPicInGetPicData
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1C6 ???
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2EA Mouse.a MouseMapping
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49A ResourceMgrPatches.a UpdateResFileNewHandleFailure
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4D0 ResourceMgrPatches.a UpdateResFileDisposeHandleCleanup
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512 ResourceMgrPatches.a FixSuperLoadEquates
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540 ResourceMgrPatches.a BadMapCheckInCheckMap
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57E ???
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lpch 2 208b(172b) SE
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0 ???
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24 SonyPatches.a SetupDCDDriveNumberForSE
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2E BrightnessPatches.a ClassicBrightPatch
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90 BrightnessPatches.a csCodeCheck
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lpch 3 9443b(9056b) Plus,SE
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lpch 4 9594b(9220b) II
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0 MMUPatches.a SwapHMMU
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5A MMUPatches.a InstallSwapPMMU
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90 MMUPatches.a SwapPMMU
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178 MenuMgrPatch.a SetClipForCallDrawMDEF
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1AC MenuMgrPatchII.a IIDeleteMenu
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1EC MenuMgrPatchII.a IIGetMHandle
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214 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIBothMenuSelects
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530 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIMenuSelect
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692 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIHiliteMenuFix
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6A6 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIMenuSelectFix
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6F2 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIMenuMgrSysErrors
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720 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIGetItemCmd
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728 MenuMgrPatchII.a IISetItemCmd
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730 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIInsertMenu
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7E4 MenuMgrPatchII.a IICountMItems
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822 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIDrawMenuBar
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834 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIDelMenuItem
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864 MenuMgrPatchII.a IICalcMenuSize
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880 MenuMgrPatchII.a IISetMenuBar
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88A MenuMgrPatchII.a IIAppendOrInsertItem
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990 MenuMgrPatchII.a IIDelMCEntries
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9E2 MenuMgrPatchII.a AfterLoadResourceInGetTheMProc
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A22 SlotMgrPatch.a InstallSlot
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A74 SlotMgrPatch.a CopyBlock
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A94 SlotMgrPatch.a RestartSlotMgr
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AC0 SlotMgrPatch.a sInfoMerge
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... C8E EOF
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?????
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C7A SlotMgrInit.a InitJmpTbl
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1214 SlotMgrInit.a Secondary_Init
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1332 SlotMgr.a SlotMgr
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... 21E6 EOF
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21E6 DialogMgrPatches.a DrawItemSetPort
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2214 DialogMgrPatches.a DisposDialogFix
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2236 DialogMgrPatches.a NoIctbDisposeInCloseDialog
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2250 DialogMgrPatches.a NoDetachResourceInDoColor
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2264 DialogMgrPatches.a DuplicateColorTableInNewDialog
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228A QuickDrawPatches.a CharExtraFixDiv
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22BC QuickDrawPatches.a RgnOpStackSpace
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232C WindowMgrPatches.a NoChangeInGrowWindow
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234A WindowMgrPatches.a DoActivatePalette
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2368 WindowMgrPatches.a MoveWindowActivatePalette
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... 23EA EOF
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?????
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lpch 6 1883b(1806b) SE,II
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lpch 7 1170b(962b) Plus,SE,II
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lpch 8 5638b(5528b) Portable
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0 AllB&WQDPatch.a PortablePatchStdPoly
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24 DrawPicturePortable.a PortableDrawPicture
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...A20 EOF
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A20 ??? PowerMgrPatch that has since disappeared
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???
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1172 PowerMgrPatches.a SCCWakeFix
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11AE PowerMgrPatches.a SndWatch
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???
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12B0 PowerMgr.a MPPOpen (this one goes to 13DE)
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13DA PowerMgrPatches.a InitializeStrings
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1440 PowerMgrPatches.a LoadString
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1450 PowerMgrPatches.a GetDetachRes
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1460 SonyPatches.a RecalPatch
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14BE backlightpatch.a BklightInstall
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lpch 10 69b(36b) SE,Portable
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lpch 11 21849b(21094b) Plus,SE,Portable
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lpch 15 19949b(19750b) Plus,SE,II,Portable
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lpch 16 25488b(24488b) IIci
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lpch 20 25282b(24986b) II,IIci
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lpch 22 219b(166b) SE,II,IIci
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lpch 23 32b(16b) Plus,SE,II,IIci
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lpch 24 767b(640b) Portable,IIci
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lpch 27 23b(0b) Plus,SE,Portable,IIci
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lpch 28 842b(688b) II,Portable,IIci
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lpch 30 168b(96b) SE,II,Portable,IIci
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lpch 31 254504b(247434b) Plus,SE,II,Portable,IIci
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lpch 32 13b(0b) SuperMario
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lpch 63 2746b(0b) Plus,SE,II,Portable,IIci,SuperMario
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10919
patch_rip.py
10919
patch_rip.py
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