* rand() use XOR to break up unwanted pair correlation
This form of rand() cannot return the same value twice in a row.
Two additonal EOR instructions produce a more even distribution of successive pairs.
see comments on #951
* rand.s document purpose of XOR
* suggested srand() optimization: zero fill unnecessary
* test to validate implementation of rand()
* srand() improving behaviour and adding startup test
* srand() with a tail call to rand() for better initial shuffle
* srand() can fall through to rand() instead of tail call
Please refer to https://github.com/cc65/cc65/pull/532 for background info.
I wrote in https://sourceforge.net/p/cc65/mailman/message/35873183/
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cputs() wraps to the next line if the strings is too long to fit in the current line. I don't know if it's worth the effort to allow cpeeks() to continue reading from the next line. I'd like to discuss this aspect with the actual implementers.
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This is still as unclear today as it was when I wrote the above. Therefore this change just doesn't add cpeeks() at all.
Since f8c6c58373 the Apple II CONIO implementation doesn't "need" revers() anymore - meaning that (nearly) every possible value can be placed in VRAM with a straight cputc() (without the need for a previous revers(1)).
The implementation of cpeekc() leverages that cputc() ability by always returning the value that can be fed into cputc() without a previous revers(1). Accordingly, cpeekrevers() always returns 0.
So after the sequence revers(1); cputc(x); a cpeekc() will return a value different from x! However, I don't see this behavior braking the cpeekc() contract. I see the cpeekc() contract being defined by the sequence textcolor(cpeekcolor()); revers(cpeekrevers()); cputc(cpeekc()); placing the very same value in VRAM that there was before. And that contract is fulfilled.
By 'inverting' the loop, we can save 16 cycles by removing the `cpy #8`,
saving 16 cycles. But we need an extra `ldy #7` at the start of the
loop, so the total cycles saved is 14. Code size doesn't increase due to
the addition of the `ldy #7` negating the removal of the `cpy #xx`.
The driver requires a special linker configuration: "vic20-tgi.cfg".
The VIC-20 computer needs at least 8K of expansion RAM!
"tgidemo.c" needed to be adjusted because the VIC-20's vertical (y) range is greater than its horizontal (x) range -- the opposite of most other platforms. Also, the circle demo would jam on the VIC-20.
The implementation is a bit tricky as it requires to take different code paths for the //e, the //c and the IIgs. Additionally the //c only provides a VBL IRQ flag supposed to be used by an IRQ handler to determine what triggered the IRQ. However, masking IRQs on the CPU, activating the VBL IRQ, clearing any pending VBL IRQs and then polling for the IRQ flag does the trick.
As described e.g. in the Apple IIe Technote #6: 'The Apple II Paddle Circuits' it doesn't work to call PREAD several times in immediate succession. However, so far the Apple II joystick driver did just that in order to read the two joystick axis.
Therefore the driver now uses a custom routine that reads both paddles _at_the_same_time_. The code doing so requires nearly twice the cycles meaning that the overall time for a joy_read() stays roughly the same. However, twice the cycles in the read loop means half the resolution. But for the cc65 joystick driver use case that doesn't hurt at all as the driver is supposed to only detect neutral vs. left/right and up/down.
CPU accelerators are supposed to detect access to $C070 and slow down for some time automatically. However, the IIgs rather comes with a modified ROM routine. Therefore it is necessary to manually slow down the IIgs when replacing the ROM routine.
