Will be re-enabled with missing changes for ConstantFPSDNode and
fixes for wrong locations due to constant coalescing.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236758 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This commit enables the tests located in test/YAMLParser directory.
Those tests were never actually enabled, as llvm-lit didn't pick up the
files with the 'data' extension. The commit renames those test files to files
with the 'test' extension so that llvm-lit would find them.
This commit also modifies yaml-bench so that it returns an error status
if an error occurred during parsing. It also adds the '-use-color'
command line option to yaml-bench (to make sure that file check matches
the error messages in the output stream).
This commit modifies some of the renamed tests so that they wouldn't
fail. It gets rid of XFAILs and uses the 'not' command instead for
some of the tests that have to fail during parsing. This commit
also adds some 'FIXME' comments to a couple of tests that are
supposed to fail but currently pass because of various bugs
in the implementation of the yaml parser.
Reviewers: Justin Bogner
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9448
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236754 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This change adds support for the SHT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS section
reading/writing to the obj2yaml and yaml2obj tools.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236738 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Summary:
This gives frontend more precise control over collected coverage
information. User can still override these options by passing
-mllvm flags.
No functionality change.
Test Plan: regression test suite.
Reviewers: kcc
Subscribers: llvm-commits
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9539
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236687 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Renames the original CreateGCStatepoint to CreateGCStatepointCall, and
moves invoke creating functionality from PlaceSafepoints.cpp to
IRBuilder.cpp.
This changes the labels generated for PlaceSafepoints/invokes.ll so use
a regex there to make the basic block labels more resilient.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236672 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This commit changes the 'skip' method in the 'KeyValueNode' class
to ensure that it doesn't dereference a null pointer when calling
the 'skip' method of its value child node. It also adds a unittest
that ensures that the crash doesn't occur.
This change is motivated by a patch that implements parsing
of YAML block scalars (http://reviews.llvm.org/D9503), as one
of the unittests in that patch triggered this problem.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236669 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This makes use of the new API which can remove attributes from a set given a builder.
This is much faster than creating a temporary set and reduces llc time by about 0.3% which was all spent creating temporary attributes sets on the context.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236668 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Prior to this change we would have to construct a temporary AttributeSet (which isn't temporary at all given that its allocated on the context), just to contain the attributes in the builder, then call remove on that.
Now we can just remove any attributes from the (lightweight and really temporary) builder itself.
Will be used in a future commit to remove some temporary attributes sets.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236666 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Since the coverage mapping reader and the instrprof reader were
emitting a shared set of error codes, the error messages you'd get
back from llvm-cov were ambiguous about what was actually wrong. Add
another error category to fix this.
I've also improved the wording on a couple of the instrprof errors,
for consistency.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236665 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Specifically, this patch correctly respects the -demangle option,
and additionally adds a hidden --relative-address option allows
input addresses to be relative to the module load address instead
of absolute addresses into the image.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236653 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Don't create names for temporary symbols when using an object streamer.
The names never make it to the output anyway. From the starting point
of r236629, my heap profile says this drops peak memory usage from 1100
MB to 1058 MB for CodeGen of `verify-uselistorder`, a savings of almost
4% on peak memory, and removes `StringMap<bool, BumpPtrAllocator...>`
from the profile entirely.
(I'm looking at `llc` memory usage on `verify-uselistorder.lto.opt.bc`;
see r236629 for details.)
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236642 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Summary:
This helper function creates a ctor function, which calls sanitizer's
init function with given arguments. This constructor is then expected
to be added to module's ctors. The patch helps unifying how sanitizer
constructor functions are created, and how init functions are called
across all sanitizers.
Reviewers: kcc, samsonov
Subscribers: llvm-commits
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D8777
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236627 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
The patch disabled unrolling in loop vectorization pass when VF==1 on x86 architecture,
by setting MaxInterleaveFactor to 1. Unrolling in loop vectorization pass may introduce
the cost of overflow check, memory boundary check and extra prologue/epilogue code when
regular unroller will unroll the loop another time. Disable it when VF==1 remove the
unnecessary cost on x86. The same can be done for other platforms after verifying
interleaving/memory bound checking to be not perf critical on those platforms.
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9515
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236613 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
For accessors in the `Statepoint` class, use symbolic constants for
offsets into the argument vector instead of literals. This makes the
code intent clearer and simpler to change.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236566 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This patch adds the minimum plumbing necessary to use IR-level
fast-math-flags (FMF) in the backend without actually using
them for anything yet. This is a follow-on to:
http://reviews.llvm.org/rL235997
...which split the existing nsw / nuw / exact flags and FMF
into their own struct.
There are 2 structural changes here:
1. The main diff is that we're preparing to extend the optimization
flags to affect more than just binary SDNodes. Eg, IR intrinsics
( https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=21290 ) or non-binop nodes
that don't even exist in IR such as FMA, FNEG, etc.
2. The other change is that we're actually copying the FP fast-math-flags
from the IR instructions to SDNodes.
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D8900
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236546 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Note, this is a reapplication of r236515 with a fix to not assert on non-register operands, but instead only handle them until the subsequent commit. Original commit message follows.
The code was basically the same here already. Just added an out parameter for a vector of seen defs so that UpdatePredRedefs can call StepForward first, then do its own post processing on the seen defs.
Will be used in the next commit to also handle regmasks.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236538 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This adds intrinsics to allow access to all of the z13 vector instructions.
Note that instructions whose semantics can be described by standard LLVM IR
do not get any intrinsics.
For each instructions whose semantics *cannot* (fully) be described, we
define an LLVM IR target-specific intrinsic that directly maps to this
instruction.
For instructions that also set the condition code, the LLVM IR intrinsic
returns the post-instruction CC value as a second result. Instruction
selection will attempt to detect code that compares that CC value against
constants and use the condition code directly instead.
Based on a patch by Richard Sandiford.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236527 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This reverts commit 963cdbccf6e5578822836fd9b2ebece0ba9a60b7 (ie r236514)
This is to get the bots green while i investigate.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236518 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
The code was basically the same here already. Just added an out parameter for a vector of seen defs so that UpdatePredRedefs can call StepForward first, then do its own post processing on the seen defs.
Will be used in the next commit to also handle regmasks.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236514 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This reverts commit r236360.
This change exposed a bug in WinEHPrepare by opting win32 code into EH
preparation. We already knew that WinEHPrepare has bugs, and is the
status quo for x64, so I don't think that's a reason to hold off on this
change. I disabled exceptions in the sanitizer tests in r236505 and an
earlier revision.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236508 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This patch introduces a new pass that computes the safe point to insert the
prologue and epilogue of the function.
The interest is to find safe points that are cheaper than the entry and exits
blocks.
As an example and to avoid regressions to be introduce, this patch also
implements the required bits to enable the shrink-wrapping pass for AArch64.
** Context **
Currently we insert the prologue and epilogue of the method/function in the
entry and exits blocks. Although this is correct, we can do a better job when
those are not immediately required and insert them at less frequently executed
places.
The job of the shrink-wrapping pass is to identify such places.
** Motivating example **
Let us consider the following function that perform a call only in one branch of
a if:
define i32 @f(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
%tmp = alloca i32, align 4
%tmp2 = icmp slt i32 %a, %b
br i1 %tmp2, label %true, label %false
true:
store i32 %a, i32* %tmp, align 4
%tmp4 = call i32 @doSomething(i32 0, i32* %tmp)
br label %false
false:
%tmp.0 = phi i32 [ %tmp4, %true ], [ %a, %0 ]
ret i32 %tmp.0
}
On AArch64 this code generates (removing the cfi directives to ease
readabilities):
_f: ; @f
; BB#0:
stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
mov x29, sp
sub sp, sp, #16 ; =16
cmp w0, w1
b.ge LBB0_2
; BB#1: ; %true
stur w0, [x29, #-4]
sub x1, x29, #4 ; =4
mov w0, wzr
bl _doSomething
LBB0_2: ; %false
mov sp, x29
ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16
ret
With shrink-wrapping we could generate:
_f: ; @f
; BB#0:
cmp w0, w1
b.ge LBB0_2
; BB#1: ; %true
stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
mov x29, sp
sub sp, sp, #16 ; =16
stur w0, [x29, #-4]
sub x1, x29, #4 ; =4
mov w0, wzr
bl _doSomething
add sp, x29, #16 ; =16
ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16
LBB0_2: ; %false
ret
Therefore, we would pay the overhead of setting up/destroying the frame only if
we actually do the call.
** Proposed Solution **
This patch introduces a new machine pass that perform the shrink-wrapping
analysis (See the comments at the beginning of ShrinkWrap.cpp for more details).
It then stores the safe save and restore point into the MachineFrameInfo
attached to the MachineFunction.
This information is then used by the PrologEpilogInserter (PEI) to place the
related code at the right place. This pass runs right before the PEI.
Unlike the original paper of Chow from PLDI’88, this implementation of
shrink-wrapping does not use expensive data-flow analysis and does not need hack
to properly avoid frequently executed point. Instead, it relies on dominance and
loop properties.
The pass is off by default and each target can opt-in by setting the
EnableShrinkWrap boolean to true in their derived class of TargetPassConfig.
This setting can also be overwritten on the command line by using
-enable-shrink-wrap.
Before you try out the pass for your target, make sure you properly fix your
emitProlog/emitEpilog/adjustForXXX method to cope with basic blocks that are not
necessarily the entry block.
** Design Decisions **
1. ShrinkWrap is its own pass right now. It could frankly be merged into PEI but
for debugging and clarity I thought it was best to have its own file.
2. Right now, we only support one save point and one restore point. At some
point we can expand this to several save point and restore point, the impacted
component would then be:
- The pass itself: New algorithm needed.
- MachineFrameInfo: Hold a list or set of Save/Restore point instead of one
pointer.
- PEI: Should loop over the save point and restore point.
Anyhow, at least for this first iteration, I do not believe this is interesting
to support the complex cases. We should revisit that when we motivating
examples.
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9210
<rdar://problem/3201744>
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236507 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
and avoid cloning unused decls into every partition.
Module partitioning showed up as a source of significant overhead when I
profiled some trivial test cases. Avoiding the overhead of partitionging
for uncalled functions helps to mitigate this.
This change also means that it is no longer necessary to have a
LazyEmittingLayer underneath the CompileOnDemand layer, since the
CompileOnDemandLayer will not extract or emit function bodies until they are
called.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236465 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This patch adds the --load-address command line option to
llvm-pdbdump, which dumps all addresses assuming the module has
loaded at the specified address.
Additionally, this patch adds an option to llvm-pdbdump to support
dumping of public symbols (i.e. symbols with external linkage).
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236342 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This pass is responsible for constructing the EH registration object
that gets linked into fs:00, which is all it does in this change. In the
future, it will also insert stores to update the EH state number.
I considered keeping this functionality in WinEHPrepare, but it's pretty
separable and X86 specific. It has conceptually very little to do with
the task of WinEHPrepare, which is currently outlining. WinEHPrepare is
also in theory useful on ARM, but this logic is pretty x86 specific.
Reviewers: andrew.w.kaylor, majnemer
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9422
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236339 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Patch from dexonsmith. The call to toInt() was calling compareTo() which
in some cases would call back to toInt(), creating an infinite loop.
Fixed by simplifying the logic in compareTo() to avoid the co-recursion.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236326 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Found by -Wpessimizing-move, no functional change. The APFloat and
PassManager change doesn't affect codegen as returning a by-value
argument will always result in a move.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236316 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This change is the second of 3 patches to add support for specifying
the profile output from the command line via -fprofile-instr-generate=<path>,
where the specified output path/file will be overridden by the
LLVM_PROFILE_FILE environment variable.
This patch adds the necessary support to the llvm instrumenter, specifically
a new member of GCOVOptions for clang to save the specified filename, and
support for calling the new compiler-rt interface from __llvm_profile_init.
Patch by Teresa Johnson. Thanks!
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236288 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Summary:
The private constructor for ScaledNumber was using uint64_t instead of
DigitsT. This was preventing instantiations of ScaledNumber with
anything other than uint64_t types.
In implementing the tests, I ran into another issue. Operators >>= and
<<= did not have variants for accepting other ScaledNumber as the shift
argument. This is expected by the SCALED_NUMBER_BOP.
It makes no sense to allow shifting a ScaledNumber by another
ScaledNumber, so the patch includes two new templates for shifting
ScaledNumbers.
Reviewers: dexonsmith
Subscribers: llvm-commits
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9350
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236232 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Summary:
This pathc add convenient overloads for CreateInsertElement and CreateExtractElement methods in IRBuilder
where vector index can be uint64_t instead of Value*.
Test Plan: Unit test included.
Reviewers: majnemer
Reviewed By: majnemer
Subscribers: majnemer, llvm-commits
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9347
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236214 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Many of the callers already have the pointer type anyway, and for the
couple of callers that don't it's pretty easy to call PointerType::get
on the pointee type and address space.
This avoids LLParser from using PointerType::getElementType when parsing
GlobalAliases from IR.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236160 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Finish off PR23080 by renaming the debug info IR constructs from `MD*`
to `DI*`. The last of the `DIDescriptor` classes were deleted in
r235356, and the last of the related typedefs removed in r235413, so
this has all baked for about a week.
Note: If you have out-of-tree code (like a frontend), I recommend that
you get everything compiling and tests passing with the *previous*
commit before updating to this one. It'll be easier to keep track of
what code is using the `DIDescriptor` hierarchy and what you've already
updated, and I think you're extremely unlikely to insert bugs. YMMV of
course.
Back to *this* commit: I did this using the rename-md-di-nodes.sh
upgrade script I've attached to PR23080 (both code and testcases) and
filtered through clang-format-diff.py. I edited the tests for
test/Assembler/invalid-generic-debug-node-*.ll by hand since the columns
were off-by-three. It should work on your out-of-tree testcases (and
code, if you've followed the advice in the previous paragraph).
Some of the tests are in badly named files now (e.g.,
test/Assembler/invalid-mdcompositetype-missing-tag.ll should be
'dicompositetype'); I'll come back and move the files in a follow-up
commit.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@236120 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This is a preliminary step to using the IR-level floating-point fast-math-flags in the SDAG (D8900).
In this patch, we introduce the optimization flags as their own struct. As noted in the TODO comment,
we should eventually share this data between the IR passes and the backend.
We also switch the existing nsw / nuw / exact bit functionality of the BinaryWithFlagsSDNode class to
use the new struct.
The tradeoff is that instead of using the free but limited space of SDNode's SubclassData, we add a
data member to the subclass. This means we don't have to repeat all of the get/set methods per flag,
but we're potentially adding size to all nodes of this subclassi type.
In practice on 64-bit systems (measured on Linux and MacOS X), there is no size difference between an
SDNode and BinaryWithFlagsSDNode after this change: they're both 80 bytes. This means that we had at
least one free byte to play with due to struct alignment.
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9325
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235997 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
[DebugInfo] Add debug locations to constant SD nodes
This adds debug location to constant nodes of Selection DAG and updates
all places that create constants to pass debug locations
(see PR13269).
Can't guarantee that all locations are correct, but in a lot of cases choice
is obvious, so most of them should be. At least all tests pass.
Tests for these changes do not cover everything, instead just check it for
SDNodes, ARM and AArch64 where it's easy to get incorrect locations on
constants.
This is not complete fix as FastISel contains workaround for wrong debug
locations, which drops locations from instructions on processing constants,
but there isn't currently a way to use debug locations from constants there
as llvm::Constant doesn't cache it (yet). Although this is a bit different
issue, not directly related to these changes.
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9084
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235989 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This adds debug location to constant nodes of Selection DAG and updates
all places that create constants to pass debug locations
(see PR13269).
Can't guarantee that all locations are correct, but in a lot of cases choice
is obvious, so most of them should be. At least all tests pass.
Tests for these changes do not cover everything, instead just check it for
SDNodes, ARM and AArch64 where it's easy to get incorrect locations on
constants.
This is not complete fix as FastISel contains workaround for wrong debug
locations, which drops locations from instructions on processing constants,
but there isn't currently a way to use debug locations from constants there
as llvm::Constant doesn't cache it (yet). Although this is a bit different
issue, not directly related to these changes.
Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D9084
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235977 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
As a space optimization, this instruction would just encode the pointer
type of the first operand and use the knowledge that the second and
third operands would be of the pointee type of the first. When typed
pointers go away, this assumption will no longer be available - so
encode the type of the second operand explicitly and rely on that for
the third.
Test case added to demonstrate the backwards compatibility concern,
which only comes up when the definition of the second operand comes
after the use (hence the weird basic block sequence) - at which point
the type needs to be explicitly encoded in the bitcode and the record
length changes to accommodate this.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235966 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Defaulting to AShr without consulting the target MCAsmInfo isn't OK.
Add a flag to fix that. Keep it off for now: target migrations will
follow in separate commits.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235951 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Reverse libLTO's default behaviour for preserving use-list order in
bitcode, and add API for controlling it. The default setting is now
`false` (don't preserve them), which is consistent with `clang`'s
default behaviour.
Users of libLTO should call `lto_codegen_should_embed_uselists(CG,true)`
prior to calling `lto_codegen_write_merged_modules()` whenever the
output file isn't part of the production workflow in order to reproduce
results with subsequent calls to `llc`.
(I haven't added tests since `llvm-lto` (the test tool for LTO) doesn't
support bitcode output, and even if it did: there isn't actually a good
way to test whether a tool has passed the flag. If the order is already
"natural" (if the order will already round-trip) then no use-list
directives are emitted at all. At some point I'll circle back to add
tests to `llvm-as` (etc.) that they actually respect the flag, at which
point I can somehow add a test here as well.)
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235943 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
These look like copy/paste errors, and shouldn't have the "prior to"
qualifier. Each API was introduced at the given values of
`LTO_API_VERSION`. The "prior to" in other doxygen comments is because
I couldn't easily differentiate between versions 1 and 2 when I added
these comments.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235925 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Add IR support for `Metadata` attachments. Assembly and bitcode support
will follow shortly, but for now we just have unit tests. This is part
of PR23340.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235783 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
Make room for more than just `Function::isMaterializable()` in the
`GlobalObject` subclass data bitfield. Since we're treating it like a
bitfield, change `Function::Function()` to zero-out the whole thing.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235770 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
This introduces an intrinsic called llvm.eh.exceptioncode. It is lowered
by copying the EAX value live into whatever basic block it is called
from. Obviously, this only works if you insert it late during codegen,
because otherwise mid-level passes might reschedule it.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235768 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
AsmPrinter owns the OutStreamer, so an owning pointer makes sense here. Using a
reference for this is crufty.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@235752 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
