Merge pull request #4 from macroexp/pdfmanual

Added scanned manual

apple410/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python3
 import serial
 import time
-from .plot_to_svg import Plotter
-
-def plot_to_svg(instream, outstream):
-    "Convert a set of plot instructions to an SVG. Works mininmally."
-    p = Plotter()
-    p.read(instream)
-    p.write(outstream)
 
 class Apple410Common:
     def __init__(self):

apple410/cmdline.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def svg2plot():
         f = open(args.SVG)
     plot_svg(f,center=args.center)
 
-from .plot_to_svg import Plotter
+from .plot_to_cairo import CairoPlotter
 
 def plot2svg():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("plot2svg",
@@ -58,7 +58,21 @@ def plot2svg():
         f = sys.stdin
     else:
         f = open(args.PLOT)
-    p = Plotter()
+    p = CairoPlotter(sys.stdout.buffer)
     p.read(f)
-    p.write(sys.stdout)
+    p.write()
     
+def plot2png():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("plot2png",
+            description="Convert a set of Apple 410 Color Plotter commands to a PNG")
+    parser.add_argument('PLOT', help='The plotter file to process. "-" will read plotter commands from standard input.')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.PLOT == '-':
+        f = sys.stdin
+    else:
+        f = open(args.PLOT)
+    p = CairoPlotter(sys.stdout.buffer,'PNG')
+    p.read(f)
+    p.write()
+    
+

apple410/plot_to_cairo.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 import sys
 import math
 import cairo
+import pkg_resources
+import pickle
 
 def coordlist(line,expected=-1):
     l = list(map(float,line.split(',')))
@@ -20,11 +22,64 @@ W = 2394
 H = 1759
 LW = 5
 
+class Font:
+    def __init__(self,path):
+        f = open(pkg_resources.resource_filename('apple410',path),'rb')
+        self.char_map = pickle.load(f)
+
+
+    def unpack_byte(b):
+        "convert two 4-bit signed packed numbers to a tuple"
+        # this packing is... unusual.
+        x = b >> 4
+        y = b % 16
+        if y > 8: # now the weird
+            x -= 1
+            y -= 16
+        return (x,y)
+
+    def render_char(self, ctx, char, xoff, yoff):
+        d = list(self.char_map[char])
+        while d:
+            cmd = d.pop(0)
+            cn, ca = cmd >> 4, cmd % 16
+            for _ in range(ca):
+                (x1, y1) = Font.unpack_byte(d.pop(0))
+                x = x1 + xoff
+                y = y1 + yoff
+                if cn == 0:
+                    ctx.move_to(x,y)
+                elif cn == 2:
+                    ctx.line_to(x,y)
+
+    def render_string(self,ctx,s):
+        xoff = 0
+        yoff = 0
+        ctx.set_line_width(1)
+        for c in s:
+            if c == '\r' or c == '\n':
+                xoff = 0
+                yoff += 10
+            elif c == '\t':
+                xoff += 20
+            else:
+                self.render_char(ctx,c,xoff,yoff)
+                xoff += 10
+
 class CairoPlotter:
 
-    def __init__(self, path):
-        self.surface = cairo.SVGSurface(path, W, H)
+    def __init__(self, path, surftype = 'SVG'):
+        self.surftype = surftype
+        if surftype == 'SVG':
+            self.surface = cairo.SVGSurface(path, W, H)
+        elif surftype == 'PNG':
+            self.path = path
+            self.surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.Format.RGB24,W,H)
         self.context = cairo.Context(self.surface)
+        if surftype == 'PNG':
+            self.context.rectangle(0,0,W,H)
+            self.context.set_source_rgb(1.0,1.0,1.0)
+            self.context.fill()
         #self.context.scale(W,H)
         self.context.select_font_face("monospace")
         self.pennum = 0
@@ -32,7 +87,11 @@ class CairoPlotter:
         self.window = (0, 0, W, H)
         self.text_theta = 0
         self.text_size = 1
+        self.context.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+        self.context.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_ROUND)
         self.update_ctm()
+        self.char_font = Font('data/a410_chars.pickle')
+
 
     # A quick review of coordinate systems:
     # Cairo native: origin at upper left, x+ to right, y+ down.
@@ -67,11 +126,13 @@ class CairoPlotter:
         self.context.move_to(cp[0],cp[1])
 
     def vp(self, params):
+        self.finish_path()
         l=coordlist(params,4)
         self.viewport=(l[0],l[1],l[2],l[3])
         self.update_ctm()
 
     def wd(self, params):
+        self.finish_path()
         l=coordlist(params,4)
         self.window=(l[0],l[1],l[2],l[3])
         self.update_ctm()
@@ -108,6 +169,52 @@ class CairoPlotter:
             p=self.context.get_current_point()
         self.context.arc(p[0],p[1],r,0.0,math.pi*2)
 
+    def yt(self, params):
+        l=coordlist(params,5)
+        left = l[3]
+        right = l[4]
+        num = int(l[2])
+        style = int(l[0])
+        if style > 3:
+            sys.stderr.write("Unrecognized tick mark style {}\n".format(style))
+            return
+        if style:
+            dist = l[1]
+            tw = dist/num
+        else:
+            dist = l[1]*num
+            tw = l[1]
+        first = style >> 1
+        (x,y) = self.context.get_current_point()
+        self.context.line_to(x,y+dist)
+        for i in range(first,num+1):
+            y1 = y + tw*i
+            self.context.move_to(x+left,y1)
+            self.context.line_to(x-right,y1)
+
+    def xt(self, params):
+        l=coordlist(params,5)
+        above = l[3]
+        below = l[4]
+        num = int(l[2])
+        style = int(l[0])
+        if style > 3:
+            sys.stderr.write("Unrecognized tick mark style {}\n".format(style))
+            return
+        if style & 0x01:
+            dist = l[1]
+            tw = dist/num
+        else:
+            dist = l[1]*num
+            tw = l[1]
+        first = style >> 1
+        (x,y) = self.context.get_current_point()
+        self.context.line_to(x+dist,y)
+        for i in range(first,num+1):
+            x1 = x + tw*i
+            self.context.move_to(x1,y+above)
+            self.context.line_to(x1,y-below)
+
     def ac(self,params):
         l=coordlist(params)
         r=l[0]
@@ -136,11 +243,20 @@ class CairoPlotter:
     def pl(self,params):
         self.finish_path()
         (x,y) = self.context.get_current_point()
-        sys.stderr.write("text at {} {}\n".format(x,y))
-        self.context.show_text(params)
+        self.context.save()
+        self.context.translate(x,y)
+        self.context.rotate(math.radians(self.text_theta))
+        self.context.scale(self.text_size/10.0, self.text_size/8.0)
+        self.char_font.render_string(self.context,params)
+        self.context.restore()
 
-    def write(self,out):
+    def write(self):
         self.finish_path()
+        if self.surftype == 'PNG':
+            if self.path == '-':
+                self.surface.write_to_png(sys.stdout)
+            else:
+                self.surface.write_to_png(self.path)
         self.surface.finish()
 
     def process_cmd(self,command):
@@ -157,7 +273,7 @@ class CairoPlotter:
             self.process_cmd(line)
 
 if __name__=='__main__':
-    p = CairoPlotter('foo.svg')
+    p = CairoPlotter(sys.stdout.buffer)
     p.read(sys.stdin)
-    p.write(sys.stdout)
+    p.write()
 

apple410/plot_to_svg.py

@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python3
-import sys
-import svgwrite
-import math
-
-def coordlist(line,expected=-1):
-    l = list(map(float,line.split(',')))
-    if expected > -1:
-        assert len(l) == expected
-    return l
-
-pens = [
-    svgwrite.rgb(0, 0, 0, '%'),
-    svgwrite.rgb(100, 0, 0, '%'),
-    svgwrite.rgb(0, 100, 0, '%'),
-    svgwrite.rgb(0, 0, 100, '%') ]
-
-# Default W/H
-W = 2394
-H = 1759
-
-class Plotter:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.pennum = 0
-        self.viewport = (0, 0, W, H)
-        self.window = (0, 0, W, H)
-        self.cur_g = None
-        self.cur_d = None
-        self.d = svgwrite.Drawing(size=(W,H))
-        self.text_theta = 0
-        self.text_size = 1
-        self.pos = (0,0)
-        self.clip = None
-        self.clipno = 0
-
-    def get_g(self):
-        "Return a valid group for this viewport/window"
-        if not self.cur_g:
-            self.cur_g = self.d.g(style='clip-path: url(#cl{})'.format(self.clipno))
-            (v,w) = (self.viewport,self.window)
-            a = (v[2]-v[0])/(w[2]-w[0])
-            d = (v[3]-v[1])/(w[3]-w[1])
-            e = v[0] - w[0]*a
-            f = v[1] - w[1]*d
-            # everything needs to flip on the Y axis.
-            f = H-f
-            d = -d
-            self.cur_g.matrix(a,0,0,d,e,f)
-            self.clip = self.d.clipPath(id='cl{}'.format(self.clipno))
-            self.clip.add(self.d.rect((w[0],w[1]),(w[2],w[3])))
-            self.d.defs.add(self.clip)
-            self.clipno += 1
-        return self.cur_g
-
-    def finish_g(self):
-        if self.cur_g:
-            self.d.add(self.cur_g)
-        self.cur_g = None
-
-    def finish_path(self):
-        if self.cur_d:
-            path=self.d.path(
-                d=self.cur_d,
-                stroke=pens[self.pennum])
-            path.fill(opacity=0)
-            self.get_g().add(path)
-        self.cur_d = None
-
-    def add_to_path(self, addition):
-        if not self.cur_d:
-            self.cur_d = "M{} {}".format(self.pos[0],self.pos[1])
-        self.cur_d = self.cur_d + " " + addition
-
-    def invalidate_window(self):
-        self.finish_path()
-        self.finish_g()
-
-    def vp(self, params):
-        self.invalidate_window()
-        l=coordlist(params,4)
-        self.viewport=(l[0],l[1],l[2],l[3])
-
-    def wd(self, params):
-        self.invalidate_window()
-        l=coordlist(params,4)
-        self.window=(l[0],l[1],l[2],l[3])
-    
-    def ma(self, params):
-        l=coordlist(params,2)
-        self.pos = (l[0],l[1])
-
-    def mr(self, params):
-        l=coordlist(params,2)
-        self.pos = (self.pos[0]+l[0],self.pos[1]+l[1])
-
-    def da(self, params):
-        l=coordlist(params)
-        self.add_to_path("L{}".format(" ".join(map(str,l))))
-        self.pos = (l[-2],l[-1])
-
-    def dr(self, params):
-        l=coordlist(params)
-        self.add_to_path("l{}".format(" ".join(map(str,l))))
-        self.pos = (l[-2],l[-1])
-
-    def ca(self, params):
-        self.finish_path()
-        l=coordlist(params)
-        r=l[0]
-        if len(l) > 2:
-            p=(l[1],l[2])
-        else:
-            p=self.pos
-        c=self.d.circle(center=p,r=r)
-        c.fill(opacity=0)
-        c.stroke(color=pens[self.pennum],opacity=100,width=2)
-        self.get_g().add(c)
-
-    def ac(self,params):
-        l=coordlist(params)
-        r=l[0]
-        if len(l) > 3:
-            p=(l[3],l[4])
-        else:
-            p=self.pos
-        t2, t1 = math.radians(l[1]),math.radians(l[2])
-        x1, y1 = p[0] + (r*math.cos(t1)), p[1] + (r*math.sin(t1))
-        x2, y2 = p[0] + (r*math.cos(t2)), p[1] + (r*math.sin(t2))
-        ds="M {} {} A {} {} 0 0 0 {} {}".format(x1,y1,r,r,x2,y2)
-        self.add_to_path(ds)
-
-
-    def lr(self,params):
-        self.text_theta = float(params)
-
-    def ls(self,params):
-        self.text_size = float(params)
-
-    def ps(self,params):
-        self.finish_path()
-        self.pennum = int(params) - 1
-
-    def pl(self,params):
-        self.finish_path()
-        flip_pos = (self.pos[0], -self.pos[1])
-        t = self.d.text(params,insert=flip_pos)
-        t.rotate(self.text_theta,center=flip_pos)
-        t['font-size'] = self.text_size
-        g = self.d.g()
-        g.add(t)
-        g.matrix(1,0,0,-1,0,0)
-        self.get_g().add(g)
-
-    def write(self,out):
-        self.invalidate_window()
-        self.d.write(out)
-
-    def process_cmd(self,command):
-        cmd_code = command[0:2].lower()
-        params = command[2:]
-        try:
-            getattr(self,cmd_code)(params)
-        except AttributeError:
-            sys.stderr.write("Unrecognized command code {}\n".format(cmd_code))
-
-    def read(self,inf):
-        for line in inf.readlines():
-            line = line.strip()
-            self.process_cmd(line)
-
-if __name__=='__main__':
-    p = Plotter()
-    p.read(sys.stdin)
-    p.write(sys.stdout)
-

docs/Apple 401 Plotter.md

@@ -132,6 +132,14 @@ specified the circle will be centered at the current position.
 
 Params: 1 or 3
 
+### Letter Initialize (LI)
+
+```
+LI
+```
+
+Reset the text format.
+
 ### Letter size (LS)
 
 ```
@@ -176,14 +184,15 @@ Params: 1
 ### Line type (LT)
 
 ```
-LTn
+LTp(,k)
 ```
 
-Select the line style for subsequent draw operations. `n` is a value in the
+Select the line style for subsequent draw operations. `p` is a value in the
 range 1-9:
 
 | n | Line style       |
 |---|------------------|
+| 0 | Custom pattern (see UL) |
 | 1 | Solid            | 
 | 2 | Dotted           | 
 | 3 | Short dash       | 
@@ -194,7 +203,18 @@ range 1-9:
 | 8 | Line w/ two dots         |
 | 9 | Line w/ two short dashes |
 
-Params: 1
+`k` specifies the repeat length in mesurement units. The default is 100, but the value will persist.
+
+Params: 1 or 2
+
+```
+ULd1,m1(,d2,m3,..d6,m6)
+```
+
+Create a custom pattern for use with subsequent LT0 operations.
+
+`d` specifies a draw length, `m` specifies a move length.
+
 
 ### X-axis ticks (XT)
 
@@ -214,9 +234,15 @@ is interpreted.
 | a         | length of tick mark above the axis    |
 | b         | length of tick mark below the axis    |
 
-If the `s` parameter is set to 1, then the distance is interpreted as
-the length of the entire axis. If `s` is set to 2, then the distance is
-interpretes as the length of the space between adjacent tick marks.
+The `s` parameter determines how the `d` parameter is interpreted and whether
+the first tick mark (at the "0" point on the axis) is drawn or not:
+
+| style parameter  |  description                        |
+|------------------|-------------------------------------|
+| 0                | d is distance between ticks         |
+| 1                | d is total length of axis           |
+| 2                | d is distance between ticks, first tick mark is not drawn |
+| 3                | d is total length of axis, first tick mark is not drawn |
 
 Params: 5
 
@@ -299,7 +325,7 @@ WDx1,y1,x2,y2
 
 The window into which to draw. See the introduction for an explanation of how the window
 is used. `x1,y1` specify the upper left hand corner
-of the viewport; `x2,y2` specify the lower right hand of the viewport.
+of the window; `x2,y2` specify the lower right hand of the window.
 
 Params: 4
 
@@ -329,20 +355,58 @@ After the arc is drawn, the endpoint of the arc is considered to be the new posi
 
 Params: 3 or 5
 
-### Unknown (IM)
+### Error action (IM)
 
 ```
-IMa,b
+IMa(,b)
 ```
 
-IM0,31 turns on error checking; IM0,0 turns it off?
-This is referenced obliquely in part II of the manual.
+Selecting error action
+
+`a` specifies the mode: 0 = turn on error light; 64 = reject commands ; 192 = write message.
+
+| a | Mode       |
+|---|------------------|
+| 0 | Turn on error light |
+| 64 | Reject command      | 
+| 192 | Write error message | 
+
+Do note that "write message" does not mean to send a response over the serial port; it means
+that it will literally write the error message out on the plotter.
+
+`b` specifies the errors to filter. Default is 31.
+
+| a | Error type       |
+|---|------------------|
+|  1 | Command not recognized |
+|  2 | Numbers outside range  | 
+|  4 | Not enough numbers for command | 
+|  8 | Bad syntax       |
+| 16 | Pen would go outside window    | 
+
+### Size Paper (SP)
+
+```SPn```
+
+Sets the current paper size. This is essentially a preset "VP" command. The table below of
+drawing area sizes is approximate, based on measuring a rectangle drawn at the extent of the
+entire viewport.
+
+| n | measurement (in mm) |
+|---|---------------------|
+| 0 | 241 x 175           |
+| 1 | 178 x 240 |
+| 2 | 394 x 240 |
+| 3 | 282 x 280(?) |
+| 4 | 259 x 170 |
+| 5 | 171 x 280(?) |
+| 6 | 326 x 217 |
+| 7 | 218 x 142 |
+| 8 | 143 x 217 |
 
 ## Unknown commands
 
-LI - ??? - no params/arb ???
-PK - ??? - no params/arb
-UL - ??? - no params/arb ? 1 param 0-9?
-SP - ??? - 1 param ??
-LF - ??? - 1 param ? 0-9
+PK - ??? - no params/arb (Not in user reference)
+
+LF - ??? - 1 param ? 0-9  Letter Font
 

docs/Apple 410 Plotter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+# The Apple 410 Color Plotter
+
+## Quick introduction and apology
+
+Everything below (other than the dip switch settings) was sussed out by
+ripping the ROM, extracting the self-test script and the command lookup table, and 
+trial and error. Now that the manual is included in this folder, this could possibly
+be updated.
+
+## General concepts
+
+The way the 401 interprets a coordinate at any given time depends on the current
+viewport and window settings. The "viewport" is a rectangle specified in hardware
+absolute coordinates and defines the physical area in which coordinates are resolved.
+The "window" defines the virtual coordinates of the drawing area, which are then
+mapped to the viewport.
+
+All drawing operations are clipped to the current viewport and window; parts of
+arcs, circles, lines, etc. that would be rendered outside the viewport are not
+drawn.
+
+If the size of the window has a different aspect ratio than the size of the viewport,
+the elements drawn will be stretched to fit. You can use this mechanism to draw ellipses
+or stretched text.
+
+Commands sent to the 401 are terminated by the ASCII "end of text" delimiter, 0x03.
+A semicolon or newline may also be used in some situations; however it's safest to
+terminate a text-writing command (PL) with 0x03.
+
+## Units
+
+The base units for the viewport (as used in the VP command) are approximately 1 unit
+= 0.1mm.  (In practice, this is slightly off, so I don't recommend drawing any rulers
+with this machine.)
+
+### Serial connection
+
+The 8 DIP switches (SW1-SW8) on the back of the plotter are used to configure the
+serial interface.
+
+SW1 selects the data bits. ON = 7 bits, OFF = 8 bits.
+
+SW2 selects whether parity is used. ON = no parity bit, OFF = use a parity bit.
+If parity is selected, SW3 determines the type of parity bit. ON = odd parity,
+OFF = even parity.
+
+SW4 and SW5 select the number of stop bits:
+
+| SW4  | SW5  |  Stop bits    |
+|------|------|---------------|
+| OFF  | OFF  | 2 stop bits   |
+| ON   | OFF  | 1.5 stop bits |
+| OFF  | ON   | 1 stop bit    |
+| ON   | ON   | invalid       |
+
+SW6, SW7, and SW8 select the baud rate:
+
+| SW6 | SW7 | SW8 | Baud       |
+|-----|-----|-----|------------|
+| OFF | OFF | OFF |  75 baud   |
+| OFF | OFF | ON  | 150 baud   |
+| OFF | ON  | OFF | 300 baud   |
+| OFF | ON  | ON  | 600 baud   |
+| ON  | OFF | OFF | 1200 baud  |
+| ON  | OFF | ON  | 2400 baud  |
+| ON  | ON  | OFF | 4800 baud  |
+| ON  | ON  | ON  | 9600 baud  |
+
+**The 401 uses hardware handshaking.** It never returns data to the computer
+over the serial line and sets DSR when its internal buffer is full. Sending even
+one byte after the DSR line has been set will corrupt the 401's command buffer
+and trigger an error. Most USB to RS232 cables will attempt to bundle up several
+bytes before transmission, so unless you're sure that your cable can handle it
+I recommend flushing the serial connection after every byte and checking the DSR
+line yourself.
+
+## Command Reference
+
+### Move Absolute (MA)
+
+```
+MAx,y
+```
+
+Raise the pen and move the plotter head to the position specified by the x,y coordinates.
+
+Params: 2
+
+### Move relative (MR)
+
+```
+MRx,y
+```
+
+Raise the pen and move the plotter head to a position offset x,y from its
+current position.
+
+Params: 2
+
+### Draw absolute (DA)
+
+```
+DAx,y(,x,y..)
+```
+
+Lower the pen and draw a line from the current position to the position
+specified by the x,y coordinates. If more than one coordinate pair is 
+specified, continues to draw lines to the subsequent points as well.
+
+Params: 2(+2*n)
+
+### Draw relative (DR)
+
+```
+DRx,y(,x,y..)
+```
+
+Lower the pen and draw a line from the current position to the position
+offset x,y for its current position. If more than one coordinate pair is 
+specified, continues to draw lines to the subsequent offset points as well.
+
+Params: 2(+2*n)
+
+### Circle (CA)
+
+```
+CAr(,x,y)
+```
+
+Lower the pen and draw a circle of radius r centered at x,y. If x,y are not
+specified the circle will be centered at the current position.
+
+Params: 1 or 3
+
+### Letter Initialize (LI)
+
+```
+LI
+```
+
+Reset the text format.
+
+### Letter size (LS)
+
+```
+LSs
+```
+
+Sets the font size to s (?? in what units? relative to what system of coordinates? ??)
+
+Params: 1
+
+### Letter rotation (LR)
+
+```
+LRθ
+```
+
+Sets the angle to draw subsequent text at θ degrees clockwise.
+
+Params: 1
+
+### Print letters (PL)
+
+```
+PLtext
+```
+
+Lower the pen and draw the specified text at the current position,
+using the currently active letter size and rotation settings.
+
+Params : 1 (string)
+
+### Pen select (PS)
+
+```
+PSi
+```
+
+Select pen i (where i is in the range 1-4).
+
+Params: 1
+
+### Line type (LT)
+
+```
+LTp(,k)
+```
+
+Select the line style for subsequent draw operations. `p` is a value in the
+range 1-9:
+
+| n | Line style       |
+|---|------------------|
+| 0 | Custom pattern (see UL) |
+| 1 | Solid            | 
+| 2 | Dotted           | 
+| 3 | Short dash       | 
+| 4 | Medium dash      | 
+| 5 | Long dash        | 
+| 6 | Line w/ dots     | 
+| 7 | Line w/ one short dash   | 
+| 8 | Line w/ two dots         |
+| 9 | Line w/ two short dashes |
+
+`k` specifies the repeat length in mesurement units. The default is 100, but the value will persist.
+
+Params: 1 or 2
+
+```
+ULd1,m1(,d2,m3,..d6,m6)
+```
+
+Create a custom pattern for use with subsequent LT0 operations.
+
+`d` specifies a draw length, `m` specifies a move length.
+
+
+### X-axis ticks (XT)
+
+```
+XTs,d,n,a,b
+```
+
+Draw an X axis with tick marks as specified. There are two "styles"
+`s` of input available, which determine how the distance `d` parameter
+is interpreted.
+
+| parameter | function                              |
+|-----------|---------------------------------------|
+| s         | style                                 |
+| d         | distance                              |
+| n         | number of tick marks                  |
+| a         | length of tick mark above the axis    |
+| b         | length of tick mark below the axis    |
+
+The `s` parameter determines how the `d` parameter is interpreted and whether
+the first tick mark (at the "0" point on the axis) is drawn or not:
+
+| style parameter  |  description                        |
+|------------------|-------------------------------------|
+| 0                | d is distance between ticks         |
+| 1                | d is total length of axis           |
+| 2                | d is distance between ticks, first tick mark is not drawn |
+| 3                | d is total length of axis, first tick mark is not drawn |
+
+Params: 5
+
+### Y-axis ticks (YT)
+
+```
+YTs,d,n,a,b
+```
+
+Draw a Y axis with tick marks as specified. The parameters are handled
+in the same manner as the `XT` command (see above).
+
+Params: 5
+
+### Clear/Reset (CH)
+
+```
+CH
+```
+
+Raise the pen and move the plotter head to its original position; usually used
+at the end of a plot.
+
+Params: 0
+
+### Point mark (PM)
+
+```
+PMt
+```
+
+Draw a marker at the current position. The marker type is specified by the `t`
+parameter. The marker size is determined by the font size setting specified by the
+`LS` command; consider the markers as just special characters.
+
+The various marker shapes are illustrated in the images below.
+
+![Image of PM1-5](pm1-5.jpg) ![Image of PM6-10](pm6-10.jpg) ![Image of PM11-15](pm11-15.jpg)
+
+Params: 1
+
+### Pen velocity (PV)
+
+```
+PVv
+```
+
+Sets the drawing velocity `v`, on a scale of 1-10, where 1 is slowest, 10 is fastest.
+The default speed is 10.
+
+Params: 1
+
+### Slant lettering (SL)
+
+```
+SLθ
+```
+
+Slants subsequent text by an angle specified by `θ` degrees.
+
+Params: 1
+
+### Viewport (VP)
+
+```
+VPx1,y1,x2,y2
+```
+
+Specifies the viewport area, in absolute coordinates, to draw in. See the introduction
+for an explanation of how the viewport is used. `x1,y1` specify the upper left hand corner
+of the viewport; `x2,y2` specify the lower right hand of the viewport.
+
+Params: 4
+
+### Window (WD)
+
+```
+WDx1,y1,x2,y2
+```
+
+The window into which to draw. See the introduction for an explanation of how the window
+is used. `x1,y1` specify the upper left hand corner
+of the window; `x2,y2` specify the lower right hand of the window.
+
+Params: 4
+
+### Reset (RS)
+
+```
+RS
+```
+
+Resets the error bit. If the error LED is lit, it should be extinguished.
+
+RS will apparently accept some parameters, but it's unknown if this does anything.
+
+Params: 0 or 1
+
+### Arc (AC)
+
+```
+ACr,θ1,θ2(,x,y)
+```
+
+Draws a circular arc of radius `r` from `θ1` to `θ2`. If x,y are specified, they
+determined the center of the arc's circle. If they are not specified, the current
+position is considered to be the center of the arc's circle.
+
+After the arc is drawn, the endpoint of the arc is considered to be the new position.
+
+Params: 3 or 5
+
+### Error action (IM)
+
+```
+IMa(,b)
+```
+
+Selecting error action
+
+`a` specifies the mode: 0 = turn on error light; 64 = reject commands ; 192 = write message.
+
+| a | Mode       |
+|---|------------------|
+| 0 | Turn on error light |
+| 64 | Reject command      | 
+| 192 | Write error message | 
+
+Do note that "write message" does not mean to send a response over the serial port; it means
+that it will literally write the error message out on the plotter.
+
+`b` specifies the errors to filter. Default is 31.
+
+| a | Error type       |
+|---|------------------|
+|  1 | Command not recognized |
+|  2 | Numbers outside range  | 
+|  4 | Not enough numbers for command | 
+|  8 | Bad syntax       |
+| 16 | Pen would go outside window    | 
+
+### Size Paper (SP)
+
+```SPn```
+
+Sets the current paper size. This is essentially a preset "VP" command. The table below of
+drawing area sizes is approximate, based on measuring a rectangle drawn at the extent of the
+entire viewport.
+
+| n | measurement (in mm) |
+|---|---------------------|
+| 0 | 241 x 175           |
+| 1 | 178 x 240 |
+| 2 | 394 x 240 |
+| 3 | 282 x 280(?) |
+| 4 | 259 x 170 |
+| 5 | 171 x 280(?) |
+| 6 | 326 x 217 |
+| 7 | 218 x 142 |
+| 8 | 143 x 217 |
+
+## Unknown commands
+
+PK - ??? - no params/arb (Not in user reference)
+
+LF - ??? - 1 param ? 0-9  Letter Font
+

models/plotter_head.scad

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+5notch_width = 2.5;
+$fa = 6;
+$fs = 0.5;
+module peg_hole() {
+    union() {
+        difference() {
+            union() {
+                cylinder(h=21.5,d1=7.8,d2=7.5,center=false);
+                // Chamfer
+                cylinder(h=1.25,d1=9.2,d2=7.7,center=false);
+            }
+            translate([3.3, -5, -0.1]) {
+                cube([10,10,30]);
+            }
+        }
+        translate([0,-notch_width/2,0]) {
+            cube([4.5,notch_width,3.4]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+module shell() {
+    union() {
+        cylinder(h=12,d=32.0,center=false);
+        translate([0,0,8.1]) {
+            cylinder(h=3.4,d=34,center=false);
+        }
+        translate([0,0,11.5]) {
+            cylinder(h=11.4,d1=34,d2=21,center=false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+module pen(which) {
+    rotate([0,0,which*90]) {
+        translate([10,0,4]) rotate([0,90,0]) {
+            cylinder(h=10,d=4,center=false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+module pens() {
+    for (i=[0:4]) {
+        pen(i);
+    }
+}
+
+//peg_hole();
+
+difference() {
+    union() {
+        shell();
+    }
+    pens();
+    translate([0,0,-0.005]) {
+        peg_hole();
+    }
+}

roms/README.md

@@ -8,3 +8,11 @@ consolidated ROM image built by concatenating the three individual roms.
 `test_extractor.py` is a script for extracting the self-test commands from the consolidated
 ROM file.
 
+'font_extract.py' extracts the font as a set of SVG files. 'font_to_pickled_dict.py' generates
+two pickle files, one with the font and another with the point markers. Each pickle file contains
+a single dictionary mapping characters to the raw sequence of bytes that represents the glyph in
+the Apple 410's native format.
+
+'ff_import.py' is a rough script for importing the SVGs into fontforge. The generated font will
+require a lot of manual cleanup.
+

roms/ff_import.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import fontforge
+import tempfile
+import os
+import re
+
+
+font = fontforge.font()
+font.fontname = "Apple410"
+base = "alpha"
+matcher = re.compile(r"{}_([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]).svg".format(base))
+
+for path in os.listdir('.'):
+    m = matcher.match(path)
+    if m:
+        idx = int(m.group(1),16)
+        print "{} : {}".format(idx,path)
+        # fontforge can't handle % colors, so we need to hack those out. Luckily, these are the only %
+        # characters in the files, so...
+        tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.svg')
+        inf = open(path)
+        for c in inf.read():
+            if c != '%':
+                tf.write(c)
+        tf.flush()
+        font.createChar(idx)
+        font[idx].importOutlines(tf.name)
+        tf.close()
+        inf.close()
+
+print "glyph count {}".format(len(font))
+#print font.createChar(0x41)
+#font[0x41].importOutlines("alpha_41.svg")
+
+font.save("Apple410-new.sfd")
+

roms/font_extract.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+import sys
+import math
+import cairo
+import struct
+
+alpha_ft_start = 0x2569
+point_ft_start = 0x3153
+
+f = open("ROM.bin","rb")
+data = f.read()
+
+
+def eot(ft, off):
+    "Returns true if the offset is at the end of the table."
+    # Presumes that every table terminates in 0xff
+    return data[ft + off*2] == 0xff
+
+def get_char(ft,off):
+    achar = chr(off+0x20)
+    o1 = ft + (off*2)
+    o2 = (data[o1+1]*256) + data[o1]
+    o3 = o2
+    while data[o3] != 0xff:
+        o3 += 1
+    return data[o2:o3]    
+
+def unpack_byte(b):
+    "convert two 4-bit signed packed numbers to a tuple"
+    # this packing is... unusual.
+    x = b >> 4
+    y = b % 16
+    if y > 8: # now the weird
+        x -= 1
+        y -= 16
+    return (x,y)
+
+# H:W for a char is 3:2
+def unpack_coords(b,xscale=66,yscale=100,xoff=25,yoff=25):
+    "convert two 4-bit signed packed numbers to cairo coordinates"
+    (x,y) = unpack_byte(b)
+    return (x*xscale + xoff, (8 - y)*yscale + yoff)
+
+def build_char_file(path, ft, offset):
+    surf = cairo.SVGSurface(path, 800, 1280)
+    c = cairo.Context(surf)
+    d = list(get_char(ft, offset))
+    #c.set_source_rgb(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    c.set_line_width(40)
+    c.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+    c.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_ROUND)
+    while d:
+        cmd = d.pop(0)
+        cn, ca = cmd >> 4, cmd % 16
+        for _ in range(ca):
+            (x,y) = unpack_coords(d.pop(0))
+            if cn == 0:
+                c.move_to(x,y)
+            elif cn == 2:
+                c.line_to(x,y)
+    c.stroke()
+    surf.finish()
+
+def dump_font(path_base, ft, charoff):
+    off = 0
+    while not eot(ft, off):
+        build_char_file("{}_{:2x}.svg".format(path_base,charoff+off),ft,off)
+        off += 1
+
+dump_font("alpha",alpha_ft_start,0x20)
+

roms/font_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+import sys
+import gi
+gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
+from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk
+import math
+
+font_table_start = 0x2569
+first_char = 0x2627
+
+f = open("ROM.bin","rb")
+data = f.read()
+
+from gi.repository import Gtk
+import cairo
+import math
+
+char_off = 0
+
+# ! :  01 08 21 02 01 00 21 00
+# " :  01 28 21 26 01 68 21 66
+def get_char(ft,off):
+    achar = chr(off+0x20)
+    o1 = ft + (off*2)
+    o2 = (data[o1+1]*256) + data[o1]
+    o3 = o2
+    while data[o3] != 0xff:
+        o3 += 1
+    #print("Looking up '{}' at {:x}; len {}".format(achar,o2,o3-o2))
+    print("{} :  {}".format(achar, " ".join(map(hex,data[o2:o3]))))
+    return data[o2:o3]    
+
+def bytecoords(b):
+    rx, ry = math.floor(b/16), b%16 
+    if ry > 8:
+        ry = ry - 16
+    ry = 8 - ry  # inverted y axis
+    return ( 50 + rx*16, 50 + ry*16 )
+
+def OnDraw(w, cr):
+    global char_off
+    cr.set_source_rgb(0, 0, 0)
+    np = True
+    cr.set_line_width(5)
+    cr.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+    data = list(get_char(font_table_start, char_off))
+    pos = (0,0)
+    while data:
+        c = data.pop(0)
+        if c == 0x01:
+            # move
+            (x,y) = bytecoords( data.pop(0) )
+            cr.move_to(x,y)
+        elif c > 0x20:
+            segments = c - 0x20
+            for s in range(segments):
+                # draw to
+                (x,y) = bytecoords( data.pop(0) )
+                cr.line_to(x,y)
+    cr.stroke()
+
+def OnKey(w, event):
+    global char_off
+    n = Gdk.keyval_name(event.keyval)
+    if n == 'Right':
+        char_off += 1
+        #get_char(font_table_start, char_off)
+        #coords.append((x,y))
+        w.queue_draw()
+    elif n == 'Left':
+        char_off -= 1
+        #get_char(font_table_start, char_off)
+        w.queue_draw()
+    elif n == 'q':
+        print("QUIT")
+        Gtk.main_quit()
+
+w = Gtk.Window()
+w.set_default_size(640, 480)
+a = Gtk.DrawingArea()
+w.add(a)
+
+w.connect('destroy', Gtk.main_quit)
+a.connect('draw', OnDraw)
+w.connect('key_press_event', OnKey)
+
+w.show_all()
+
+Gtk.main()
+
+
+

roms/font_to_pickled_dict.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+"""
+Extract the fonts and create pickled dictionaries mapping characters to the raw binary
+strings representing each entry. Parsing these strings is done in the client code.
+"""
+
+import struct
+import pickle
+
+alpha_ft_start = 0x2569
+point_ft_start = 0x3153
+
+f = open("ROM.bin","rb")
+data = f.read()
+
+def eot(ft, off):
+    "Returns true if the offset is at the end of the table."
+    # Presumes that every table terminates in 0xff
+    return data[ft + off*2] == 0xff
+
+def get_char(ft,off):
+    "Returns the character data (sans terminating 0xff)"
+    achar = chr(off+0x20)
+    o1 = ft + (off*2)
+    o2 = (data[o1+1]*256) + data[o1]
+    o3 = o2
+    while data[o3] != 0xff:
+        o3 += 1
+    return data[o2:o3]    
+
+
+def build_char_dict(ft, first_char=0):
+    offset = 0
+    d = {}
+    while not eot(ft,offset):
+        cur_char = chr(offset+first_char)
+        d[cur_char] = get_char(ft,offset)
+        offset += 1
+    return d
+
+def pickle_font(path, ft, first_char=0):
+    f = open(path,"wb")
+    d = build_char_dict(ft,first_char)
+    pickle.dump(d,f)
+
+pickle_font("a410_chars.pickle",alpha_ft_start,ord(' '))
+pickle_font("a410_points.pickle",point_ft_start)
+

setup.py

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ setup(
 
     # You can just specify the packages manually here if your project is
     # simple. Or you can use find_packages().
-    packages=find_packages(exclude=['contrib', 'docs', 'tests']),
+    packages=['apple410'],
+    package_data={'apple410' : ['data/*.pickle']},
     install_requires=['pyserial'],
 
     python_requires='>=3',
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ setup(
                 'apple410=apple410.cmdline:main',
                 'a410svg2plot=apple410.cmdline:svg2plot',
                 'a410plot2svg=apple410.cmdline:plot2svg',
+                'a410plot2png=apple410.cmdline:plot2png',
                 ],
             },
     )