Apple-2-SW/beneath-apple-dos
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/iKarith/beneath-apple-dos.git synced 2025-02-23 08:28:59 +00:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Clean up rest of appendix C

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
T. Joseph Carter 2017-07-21 07:46:19 -07:00
parent df62d06ee6
commit 22ed54bd38
1 changed files with 186 additions and 268 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

454
appendixC-2.txt
View File

@ -1,327 +1,245 @@
PAGE
256 bytes of memory which share a common high order address byte. Zero page is
the first 256 bytes of memory ($0000 through $00FF).
PAGE]>256 bytes of memory which share
a common high order address byte.
Zero page is the first 256 bytes of
memory ($0000 through $00FF).
PARALLEL
Opposite of serial. A communication mode which sends all of the bits in a byte
at once, each over a separate line or wire.
PARALLEL]>Opposite of serial. A
communication mode which sends all of
the bits in a byte at once, each over
a separate line or wire.
PARAMETER LIST
An area of storage set aside for communication between a calling program and a
subroutine. The parameter list contains input and output variables which will
be used by the subroutine.
PARAMETER LIST]>An area of storage
set aside for communication between
a calling program and a subroutine.
The parameter list contains input and
output variables which will be used
by the subroutine.
PARITY
A scheme, similar to checksums but on a bit level rather than a byte level,
which allows detection of errors in a single data byte. An extra parity bit is
attached to each byte which is a sum of the bits in the byte. Parity is used in
expensive memory to detect or correct single bit failures, and when sending data
over communications lines to detect noise errors.
PARITY]>A scheme, similar to
checksums but on a bit level rather
than a byte level, which allows
detection of errors in a single data
byte. An extra parity bit is
attached to each byte which is a sum
of the bits in the byte. Parity is
used in expensive memory to detect or
correct single bit failures, and when
sending data over communications
lines to detect noise errors.
PARSE
The process of interpreting character string data, such as a command with
keywords.
PARSE]>The process of interpreting
character string data, such as a
command with keywords.
PATCH
A small change to the object code of an assembly language program. Also called
a "zap".
PATCH]>A small change to the object
code of an assembly language program.
Also called a "zap".
PERIPHERAL
A device which is external to the computer itself, such as a disk drive or a
printer. Also called an Input/Output device.
PERIPHERAL]>A device which is
external to the computer itself, such
as a disk drive or a printer. Also
called an Input/Output device.
PHYSICAL RECORD
A collection of data corresponding to the smallest unit of storage on a
peripheral device. For disks, a physical record is a sector.
PHYSICAL RECORD]>A collection of data
corresponding to the smallest unit of
storage on a peripheral device.
For disks, a physical record
is a sector.
POINTER
The address or memory location of a block of data or a single data item. The
address "points" to the data.
POINTER]>The address or memory
location of a block of data or a
single data item. The address
"points" to the data.
PROLOGUE
The three bytes at the beginning of a disk field which uniquely identify it
from any other data on the track.
PROLOGUE]>The three bytes at the
beginning of a disk field which
uniquely identify it from any other
data on the track.
PROM
Programmable Read Only Memory. PROMs are usually used on controller cards
associated with peripherals to hold the driver program which interfaces the
device to applications programs.
PROM]>Programmable Read Only Memory.
PROMs are usually used on controller
cards associated with peripherals to
hold the driver program which
interfaces the device to applications
programs.
PROMPT
An output string which lets the user know that input is expected. A "*" is the
prompt character for the APPLE monitor.
PROMPT]>An output string which lets
the user know that input is expected.
A "*" is the prompt character for the
APPLE monitor.
PROTECTED DISK
A diskette whose format or content has been modified to prevent its being
copied. Most retail software today is distributed on protected disks to
prevent theft.
PROTECTED DISK]>A diskette whose
format or content has been modified
to prevent its being copied. Most
retail software today is distributed
on protected disks to prevent theft.
PSEUDO-OPCODE
A special assembly language opcode which does not translate into a machine
instruction. A pseudo-opcode instructs the assembler to perform some function,
such as skipping a page in an assembly listing or reserving data space in the
output object code.
PSEUDO-OPCODE]>A special assembly
language opcode which does not
translate into a machine instruction.
A pseudo-opcode instructs the
assembler to perform some function,
such as skipping a page in an
assembly listing or reserving data
space in the output object code.
RANDOM ACCESS
Direct access. The capability to rapidly access any single piece of data on a
storage medium without having to sequentially read all of its predecessors.
RANDOM ACCESS]>Direct access. The
capability to rapidly access any
single piece of data on a storage
medium without having to sequentially
read all of its predecessors.
RAM
Random Access Memory. Computer memory which will allow storage and retrieval
of values by address.
RAM]>Random Access Memory. Computer
memory which will allow storage and
retrieval of values by address.
RECAL
Recalibrate the disk arm so that the read/write head is positioned over track
zero. This is done by pulling the arm as far as it will go to the outside of
the diskette until it hits a stop, producing a "clacking" sound.
RECAL]>Recalibrate the disk arm so
that the read/write head is
positioned over track zero. This is
done by pulling the arm as far as it
will go to the outside of the
diskette until it hits a stop,
producing a "clacking" sound.
RECORD
A collection of associated data items or fields. One or more records are
usually associated with a file. Each record might correspond to an employee,
for example.
RECORD]>A collection of associated
data items or fields. One or more
records are usually associated with a
file. Each record might correspond
to an employee, for example.
REGISTER
A named temporary storage location in the central processor itself. The 6502
has 5 registers; the A, X, Y, S, and P registers. Registers are used by an
assembly language program to access memory and perform arithmetic.
REGISTER]>A named temporary storage
location in the central processor
itself. The 6502 has 5 registers;
the A, X, Y, S, and P registers.
Registers are used by an assembly
language program to access memory and
perform arithmetic.
RELEASE
A version of a distributed piece of software. There have been several releases
of DOS.
RELEASE]>A version of a distributed
piece of software. There have been
several releases of DOS.
RELOCATABLE
The attribute of an object module file which contains a machine language
program and the information necessary to make it run at any memory location.
RELOCATABLE]>The attribute of
an object module file
which contains a machine language
program and the information necessary
to make it run at any memory
location.
RETURN CODE]>A numeric value returned
from a subroutine, indicating the
success or failure of the operation
attempted. A return code of zero
usually means there were no errors.
Any other value indicates the nature
of the error, as defined by the
RETURN CODE
A numeric value returned from a subroutine, indicating the success or failure
of the operation attempted. A return code of zero usually means there were no
errors. Any other value indicates the nature of the error, as defined by the
design of the subroutine.
ROM]>Read Only Memory. Memory which
has a permanent value. The APPLE
monitor and BASIC interpreters are
stored in ROM.
ROM
Read Only Memory. Memory which has a permanent value. The APPLE monitor and
BASIC interpreters are stored in ROM.
RWTS]>Read/Write Track/Sector. A
collection of subroutines which allow
access to the diskette at a
track and sector level. RWTS is
part of DOS and may be called by
RWTS
Read/Write Track/Sector. A collection of subroutines which allow access to the
diskette at a track and sector level. RWTS is part of DOS and may be called by
external assembly language programs.
SEARCH]>The process of scanning a
track for a given sector.
SEARCH
The process of scanning a track for a given sector.
SECTOR]>The smallest updatable unit
of data on a disk track. One sector
on an APPLE DISK II contains 256
data bytes.
SECTOR
The smallest updatable unit of data on a disk track. One sector on an APPLE
DISK II contains 256 data bytes.
SECTOR ADDRESS]>A disk field which
identifies the sector data field which
follows in terms of its volume,
track, and sector number.
SECTOR ADDRESS
A disk field which identifies the sector data field which follows in terms of
its volume, track, and sector number.
SECTOR DATA]>A disk field which
contains the actual sector data in
nibbilized form.
SECTOR DATA
A disk field which contains the actual sector data in nibbilized form.
SEEK]>The process of moving the disk
arm to a given track.
SEEK
The process of moving the disk arm to a given track.
SELF-SYNC]>Also called "auto-sync"
bytes. Special disk bytes which
contain more than 8 bits, allowing
synchronization of the hardware to
byte boundaries when reading.
SELF-SYNC
Also called "auto-sync" bytes. Special disk bytes which contain more than 8
bits, allowing synchronization of the hardware to byte boundaries when reading.
SEQUENTIAL ACCESS]>A mode of data
retreival where each byte of data is
read in the order in which it was
written to the disk.
SEQUENTIAL ACCESS
A mode of data retreival where each byte of data is read in the order in which
it was written to the disk.
SERIAL]>As opposed to parallel. A
communication mode which sends data
bits one at a time over a single line
or wire.
SERIAL
As opposed to parallel. A communication mode which sends data bits one at a
time over a single line or wire.
SHIFT]>A logical operation which
moves the bits of a byte either left
or right one position, moving a 0
into the bit at the other end.
SHIFT
A logical operation which moves the bits of a byte either left or right one
position, moving a 0 into the bit at the other end.
SLAVE DISK]>A diskette with a copy of
DOS which is not relocatable. The
DOS image will always be loaded into
the same memory location, regadless
of the size of the machine.
SLAVE DISK
A diskette with a copy of DOS which is not relocatable. The DOS image will
always be loaded into the same memory location, regadless of the size of the
machine.
SOFT ERROR]>A recoverable I/O error.
A worn diskette might produce soft
errors occasionally.
SOFT ERROR
A recoverable I/O error. A worn diskette might produce soft errors
occasionally.
SOFTWARE]>Computer programs and data
which can be loaded into RAM memory
and executed.
SOFTWARE
Computer programs and data which can be loaded into RAM memory and executed.
SOURCE CODE]>A program in a form
which is understandable to humans;
in character form as opposed
to internal binary machine format.
Source assembly code must be
processed by an assembler to
translate it into machine or "object"
code.
SOURCE CODE
A program in a form which is understandable to humans; in character form as
opposed to internal binary machine format. Source assembly code must be
processed by an assembler to translate it into machine or "object" code.
SKEWING]>The process of interleaving
sectors. See INTERLEAVE.
SKEWING
The process of interleaving sectors. See INTERLEAVE.
STATE MACHINE]>A process (in software
or hardware) which defines a
unique target state, given an input
state and certain conditions. A
state machine approach is used in DOS
to keep track of its video intercepts
and by the hardware on the disk
STATE MACHINE
A process (in software or hardware) which defines a unique target state, given
an input state and certain conditions. A state machine approach is used in DOS
to keep track of its video intercepts and by the hardware on the disk
controller card to process disk data.
STROBE]>The act of triggering an I/O
function by momentarily referencing a
special I/O address. Strobing $C030
produces a click on the speaker.
Also called "toggling".
STROBE
The act of triggering an I/O function by momentarily referencing a special I/O
address. Strobing $C030 produces a click on the speaker. Also called
"toggling".
SUBROUTINE]>A program whose function
is required repeatedly during
execution, and therefore is called by
a main program in several places.
SUBROUTINE
A program whose function is required repeatedly during execution, and therefore
is called by a main program in several places.
TABLE]>A collection of data entries,
having similar format, residing in
memory. Each entry might contain the
name of a program and its address,
for example. A "lookup" can be
performed on such a table to locate
any given program by name.
TABLE
A collection of data entries, having similar format, residing in memory. Each
entry might contain the name of a program and its address, for example. A
"lookup" can be performed on such a table to locate any given program by name.
TOGGLE]>The act of triggering an I/O
function by momentarily referencing a
special I/O address. Toggling $C030
produces a click on the speaker.
Also called "strobe".
TOGGLE
The act of triggering an I/O function by momentarily referencing a special I/O
address. Toggling $C030 produces a click on the speaker. Also called
"strobe".
TOKENS]>A method where human
recognizable words may be coded to
single binary byte values for memory
compression and faster processing.
BASIC statements are tokenized, where
hex codes are assigned to words like
IF, PRINT, and END.
TOKENS
A method where human recognizable words may be coded to single binary byte
values for memory compression and faster processing. BASIC statements are
tokenized, where hex codes are assigned to words like IF, PRINT, and END.
TRACK]>One complete circular path of
magnetic storage on a diskette.
There are 35 concentric tracks on an APPLE
diskette.
TRACK
One complete circular path of magnetic storage on a diskette. There are 35
concentric tracks on an APPLE diskette.
TRANSLATE TABLE]>A table of single
byte codes which are to replace
input codes on a one-for-one
basis. A translate table is used to
convert from 6 bit codes to disk
codes.
TRANSLATE TABLE
A table of single byte codes which are to replace input codes on a one-for-one
basis. A translate table is used to convert from 6 bit codes to disk codes.
T/S LIST]>Track/Sector List. A
sector which describes the location
of a file by listing the track and
sector number for each of its data
sectors in the order that they are to
be read or written.
T/S LIST
Track/Sector List. A sector which describes the location of a file by listing
the track and sector number for each of its data sectors in the order that they
are to be read or written.
TTL]>Transistor to Transistor Logic.
A standard for the interconnection of
integrated circuits which also
defines the which voltages
represent 0's and 1's.
TTL
Transistor to Transistor Logic. A standard for the interconnection of
integrated circuits which also defines the which voltages represent 0's and
1's.
UTILITY]>A program which is used to
maintain, or assist in the development
of, other programs or disk files.
UTILITY
A program which is used to maintain, or assist in the development of, other
programs or disk files.
VECTOR]>A collection of pointers or
JMP instructions at a fixed location
in memory which allow access to a
relocatable program or data.
VECTOR
A collection of pointers or JMP instructions at a fixed location in memory
which allow access to a relocatable program or data.
VOLUME]>An identification for a
diskette, disk platter, or cassette,
containing one or more files.
VOLUME
An identification for a diskette, disk platter, or cassette, containing one or
more files.
VTOC]>Volume Table Of Contents.
Based upon the IBM OS/VS VTOC. On
the APPLE, a sector mapping the
free sectors on the diskette and
giving the location of the directory.
VTOC
Volume Table Of Contents. Based upon the IBM OS/VS VTOC. On the APPLE, a
sector mapping the free sectors on the diskette and giving the location of the
directory.
WARMSTART]>A restart of a program
which retains, as much as is
possible, the work which was in
progress at the time. A DOS
warmstart retains the BASIC program
in memory.
WARMSTART
A restart of a program which retains, as much as is possible, the work which
was in progress at the time. A DOS warmstart retains the BASIC program in
memory.
WRITE PROTECTED]>A diskette whose
write protect notch is covered,
preventing the disk drive from
WRITE PROTECTED
A diskette whose write protect notch is covered, preventing the disk drive from
writing on it.
ZAP]>From the IBM utility program,
SUPERZAP. A program which allows
updates to a disk at a byte level,
using hexadecimal.
ZAP
From the IBM utility program, SUPERZAP. A program which allows updates to a
disk at a byte level, using hexadecimal.
ZERO PAGE]>The first 256 bytes of
memory in a 6502 based machine. Zero
page locations have special
significance to the central
processor, making their management
and assignment critical.
.br
ZERO PAGE
The first 256 bytes of memory in a 6502 based machine. Zero page locations
have special significance to the central processor, making their management and
assignment critical.