release 8.14

2026-10-23 12:02:29 +00:00 · 2023-05-29 23:00:43 +02:00
766 changed files with 44772 additions and 144016 deletions
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---
-description: Startup workflow to load project context
---
-
-1. Read the file `AGENTS.md` in the project root as initial system prompt to build context and instructions about the project structure, module descriptions, and development commands.
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---
-name: asm6502-coder
-description: Write 6502/65C02 assembly code using 64tass syntax, for use within Prog8 programs
-license: MIT
-compatibility: opencode
---
-
-# 65(C)02 Assembly Coder Skill
-
-You are writing **6502/65C02 assembly** using **64tass syntax**, in separate `*.asm` files or embedded in a Prog8 program (inside `%asm {{ }}` blocks or `asmsub` routines). Follow all rules below.
-
-## Git Operations
- When moving, renaming, or deleting git-tracked files, **always use `git mv` or `git rm`** instead of plain `mv`/`rm`. This preserves history and properly stages the change. Plain `mv`/`rm` causes git to see them as delete+add (losing history).
-
-## Debugging Generated Assembly
- The prog8 compiler outputs `*.asm` (assembly source) and (with -asmlist option) also `*.list` (full listing with address/symbols) when compiling. Inspect these to debug generated code, verify optimizations, and trace instruction sequences.
-
-## Assembler: 64tass Syntax
- **NOT ca65/cc65** or other assemblers. Key differences:
- `.proc` / `.pend` for procedures (scoping)
- `_label` for local labels (prefixed with underscore, scoped to `.proc`)
- **Symbol aliases**: inside a `.proc`, use `_name = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1` to give a scratch variable a descriptive name.
- **Anonymous labels**: defined as `+` (forward) or `-` (backward) at the start of a line. Reference them in branches using `+`, `++`, `+++` etc. (first/second/third *upcoming* anonymous forward label) and `-`, `--`, `---` etc. (first/second/third *preceding* anonymous backward label).
-  - Crucial: `+` refers to the NEXT upcoming `+` label, `++` refers to the ONE AFTER that, etc.
-  - `-` refers to the MOST RECENT `-` label, `--` to the one before that, etc.
-  - When a `+` label is passed, the forward-reference count resets (so `++` then refers to the next one after that new label)
-  - Example:
-    ```asm
-    -   dex         ; backward label '-'
-        bne -       ; branch to most recent '-' (the dex above)
-        ldx #5
-    +   dex         ; forward label '+'
-        bne +       ; branch to this same '+' (forward)
-        sta $400
-    +   lda #0      ; second '+'
-        bne ++      ; branch to the '++' below
-        rts
-    ++  inc $d020   ; third forward label
-    ```
- Data directives: `.byte`, `.word`, `.dword`, `.fill` (allocate space)
- Equates: `label = value` (not `label .equ value` or `#define`)
- **Number Literals**: Hex `$1234`, Binary `%10101010`, Decimal `123`.
- Zero-page variables defined with `=`
- `.text` for inline string data
- **Conditional assembly**: `.if`, `.elsif`, `.else`, `.endif`
- **Memory Sections**: `.section <name>`, `.send <name>` (common sections: `CODE`, `DATA`, `BSS`, `BSS_NOCLEAR`)
-
-## Instructions
- **Instructions like `rol`, `ror`, `asl`, `lsr` (and `inc`, `dec` on 65C02) require an explicit operand for accumulator**: write `rol a`, `inc a`, etc., not just `rol` or `inc`.
- Standard 6502 addressing modes: implied, immediate (`#`), zero-page (`zp`), zero-page,X (`zp,x`), absolute (`abs`), absolute,X (`abs,x`), absolute,Y (`abs,y`), indirect (`(abs)`), indirect,X (`(zp,x)`), indirect,Y (`(zp),y`), relative (branches), accumulator
- Branches: `bne`, `beq`, `bmi`, `bpl`, `bcs`, `bcc`, `bvs`, `bvc` (relative, max +127/-128 bytes)
- Jumps: `jmp` (absolute or indirect), `jsr`/`rts` (subroutine call/return)
- No `push`/`pop` mnemonics — use `pha`/`pla` (byte) and `txa`/`phx`/`plx`/`tay`/`phy`/`ply` for registers
-
-### Instruction Side Effects (Flags)
- **`Z` (Zero)**: Set if the result of an operation is 0.
- **`N` (Negative)**: Set if bit 7 of the result is 1.
- **`C` (Carry)**: Used for unsigned overflow and shifts. `cmp` sets `C` if `Register >= Operand`.
- **`V` (Overflow)**: Set if a signed arithmetic operation overflowed.
- **Commonly affected by**: `lda`, `ldx`, `ldy`, `inx`, `dex`, `tax`, `tay`, `txa`, `tya`, `and`, `ora`, `eor`, `asl`, `lsr`, `rol`, `ror`, `adc`, `sbc`, `cmp`, `cpx`, `cpy`, `bit`.
- **Note**: `lda`, `ldx`, `ldy` do NOT affect the Carry flag. Only `adc`, `sbc`, `cmp`, and shift/rotate instructions affect Carry.
-
-## 6502 vs 65C02
- **CX16 target only**: can use WDC 65C02 instructions — `stz`, `phx`, `plx`, `phy`, `ply`, `bra`, `trb`, `tsb`, `stp`, `wai`, `inc a`, `dec a`, `bit #imm`, `bit zp,x`, `bit abs,x`, `jmp (abs,x)`, and `(zp)` indirect addressing mode (e.g., `lda (zp)`).
- **C64, C128, PET32 targets**: original 6502 only — no `stz`, no `phx`/`plx`/`phy`/`ply`, no `bra` etc.
- **Note**: The Rockwell/bit-manipulation instructions (`rmb`, `smb`, `bbr`, `bbs`) are **NOT** available.
- Check the target before using 65C02-specific instructions
- **6502 / 65C02 instruction reference table**: https://www.pagetable.com/c64ref/6502/?cpu=65c02&tab=4 (provides exact instruction details for all opcodes: operation, addressing modes, byte length, and cycle count).
-
-## Calling Convention / Register Conventions
- **Accumulator (A)**: 8-bit, used for most arithmetic, data movement, return values
- **X register**: 8-bit, often used for indexing, loop counters
- **Y register**: 8-bit, often used for indirect addressing index
- **Processor Status (P)**: flags — carry (C), zero (Z), negative/N (sign bit 7), overflow (V), decimal (D), interrupt (I), break (B)
- **No caller-saved vs callee-saved convention** — list all modified registers in `clobbers (A, X, Y)` when writing `asmsub`
- The CPU stack (SP, $0100-$01FF) is limited (usually ~128 bytes free). Do not overflow it
-
-## Assembly within Prog8 Programs
-
-### `%asm {{ }}` blocks
- Embed arbitrary 64tass assembly directly in your Prog8 source
- Access Prog8 symbols using their prefixed names (see below)
- Can be placed inside subroutines or at block level
-
-### `asmsub` (assembly subroutine)
- For kernel (ROM) routines or low-level assembly
- Parameters passed via registers: `@A`, `@X`, `@Y`, `@AX` (A low, X high), `@AY` (A low, Y high), `@R0`-`@R15`, `@FAC1`/`@FAC2` (float), `@Pc` (carry), `@Pz` (zero)
- Return value: `-> type @register` — also via `@Pz`/`@Pc` for flags
- Clobbers: `clobbers (A, X, Y)` — MUST list all modified registers
- **CRITICAL**: Parameter names in `asmsub` are **documentation only**. You MUST use the actual registers in your assembly code, NOT the parameter names (unless you create aliases yourself).
- Create symbolic aliases at assembly top for clarity: `x1 = cx16.r0`, `y1 = cx16.r0L`
- Accessing Prog8 parameters if they were NOT mapped to registers: use `p8v_paramname`. (Mapping to registers is preferred for speed).
-
-Example:
-```prog8
-asmsub line(uword x1 @R0, ubyte y1 @A, uword x2 @R1, ubyte y2 @Y) clobbers (A, X, Y) {
-    %asm {{
-        x1 = cx16.r0
-        x2 = cx16.r1
-        lda  x1        ; use alias, not "_x1"
-    }}
-}
-```
-
-### `asmsub` parameter annotation reference
-| Annotation | Register | Size |
-|------------|----------|------|
-| `@A` | Accumulator | 8-bit |
-| `@X` | X register | 8-bit |
-| `@Y` | Y register | 8-bit |
-| `@AX` | A (low) + X (high) | 16-bit |
-| `@AY` | A (low) + Y (high) | 16-bit |
-| `@R0`-`@R15` | cx16 virtual registers | 16-bit each |
-| `@FAC1`/`@FAC2` | Floating-point accumulators | 5-byte float |
-| `@Pc` | Carry flag | bool |
-| `@Pz` | Zero flag | bool |
-
-## Accessing Prog8 Symbols from Assembly
-All Prog8 symbols are prefixed when accessed from assembly:
-
-| Prefix | Refers to | Example |
-|--------|-----------|---------|
-| `p8v_` | Variables, parameters | `p8v_myvar` |
-| `p8s_` | Subroutines | `p8s_mysub` |
-| `p8b_` | Blocks | `p8b_myblock` |
-| `p8c_` | Constants, enum members | `p8c_myconst`, `p8c_MyEnum_Member` |
-| `p8l_` | Labels | `p8l_mylabel` |
-| `p8t_` | Struct types | `p8t_MyStruct` |
-| `p8_` | Other symbols | |
-
- **Fully qualified**: e.g., `p8b_myblock.p8v_myvar`, `p8b_myblock.p8s_mysub.p8v_localvar`
- Within a `.proc` (subroutine) in your assembly, short names often work (assembler scoping)
- **`%option no_symbol_prefixing`**: disables all prefixes. Stdlib modules (`cbm`, `cx16`, `txt`) use this — you can write `cbm.CHROUT` directly
- **Split word arrays**: two separate byte arrays — append `_lsb` and `_msb` to the name: `p8v_myarray_lsb`, `p8v_myarray_msb`
-
-## Zeropage Usage
- Do NOT use arbitrary zeropage locations. Only use these predefined scratch variables:
-  - `P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1` (byte)
-  - `P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG` (byte)
-  - `P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1` (word)
-  - `P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2` (word)
-  - `P8ZP_SCRATCH_PTR` (word)
- On CX16: virtual registers `cx16.r0`-`cx16.r15` are in zeropage (and their low/high bytes: `cx16.r0L`, `cx16.r0H`, etc.)
- Virtual registers `cx16.r0`-`cx16.r15` are available on ALL targets, but only on CX16 in zeropage
- Assume the scratch variables are not consecutive in zeropage. The CX16 virtual registers ARE consecutive in memory though.
- For additional temporary storage, allocate regular variables in BSS
-
-## Common 6502 Patterns
-
-### Common Branch Logic (Comparisons)
-| Logic | Unsigned | Signed |
-|-------|----------|--------|
-| `A == imm` | `cmp #imm`, `beq label` | (Same) |
-| `A != imm` | `cmp #imm`, `bne label` | (Same) |
-| `A < imm` | `cmp #imm`, `bcc label` | `sec`, `sbc #imm`, `bvc *+4`, `eor #$80`, `bmi label` |
-| `A >= imm` | `cmp #imm`, `bcs label` | `sec`, `sbc #imm`, `bvc *+4`, `eor #$80`, `bpl label` |
-| `A <= imm` | `beq label`, `bcc label` | (Use complex signed logic or reorder) |
-| `A > imm` | `beq +`, `bcs label`, `+` | (Use complex signed logic or reorder) |
-
-### Looping (downto with BNE)
-```asm
-        ldx #count
-loop    ; do work here
-        dex
-        bne loop        ; loop while X != 0 (runs 'count' times)
-```
-
-### Self-Modifying Code (SMC) Detection
-Look for `sta`, `stx`, or `sty` pointing into code labels:
-```asm
-        lda #$42
-        sta _target+1   ; Modifies the immediate operand of the LDA at _target
-        ...
-_target lda #$00        ; This #$00 will be replaced by #$42 at runtime
-```
-
-### Indirect indexed read (table of data)
-```asm
-        ldy #index
-        lda (ptr),y     ; read byte at address stored in zp ptr + Y
-```
-
-### 16-bit arithmetic (word add)
-```asm
-        clc
-        lda word1_lo
-        adc word2_lo
-        sta result_lo
-        lda word1_hi
-        adc word2_hi
-        sta result_hi
-```
-
-### Calling a Prog8 subroutine from assembly
-```asm
-        jsr p8s_myblock.p8s_mysub
-```
-
-### Reading a word variable
-```asm
-        lda p8v_myword          ; loads LSB
-        ldy p8v_myword+1        ; loads MSB (word variables are stored LSB-first)
-```
-
-## CPU Quirks and Pitfalls
-
-### JMP ($xxFF) Page Wrap Bug (NMOS 6502)
- **Problem**: On original 6502 CPUs, `jmp ($caff)` will fetch the LSB from `$caff` but the MSB from `$ca00` (instead of `$cb00`).
- **Target**: Affects C64, C128, PET32.
- **Solution**: Avoid placing indirect jump vectors on a page boundary, or use the CX16 (65C02) which fixed this bug.
-
-### BRK Instruction and the "Signature Byte"
- **Behavior**: After a `BRK` instruction, the return address on the stack is incremented by **2**. This means the CPU skips the byte immediately following the `BRK` opcode.
- **Usage**: This skipped byte is often used as a "signature" or parameter byte for the BRK handler.
-
-### BIT Instruction Flags
- **Absolute/Zero-page**: `bit $1234` copies bit 7 of the memory value to the **N** flag and bit 6 to the **V** flag. The **Z** flag is set based on `A AND memory`.
- **Immediate (65C02 only)**: `bit #$01` only affects the **Z** flag; it does **NOT** modify N or V.
- **NMOS 6502**: Does **not** support `bit #imm`.
-
-### The "B" (Break) Flag
- **Quirk**: The B flag (bit 4 of the status register) doesn't actually exist in the hardware status register. It only exists on the stack after a `PHP` or `BRK` instruction (set to 1) or a hardware IRQ/NMI (set to 0).
- **Detection**: To tell if an interrupt was caused by `BRK` or a hardware IRQ, your handler must `pla`, `and #$10`, and check the result.
-
-### Decimal Mode Flag (D) Persistence
- **Pitfall**: On NMOS 6502, the `D` flag is **not** cleared on interrupt. Always use `cld` in IRQ handlers. On 65C02, it is cleared automatically, but `cld` is still good practice.
- **ADC/SBC**: Be extremely careful with arithmetic if you haven't explicitly set or cleared the `D` flag, as its state might be unknown.
-
-## Optimization Tips
- **`stz` (65C02 only)**: Saves cycles and bytes compared to `lda #0`, `sta ...`.
- **`bra` (65C02 only)**: Shorter and usually faster than `jmp`.
- **Avoid `clc` before `bcc`**: `cmp` already sets the carry flag correctly for `bcc`/`bcs`.
- **`inx` / `dex` vs `clc`+`adc #1`**: Incrementing/decrementing is faster and doesn't affect the carry flag.
- **Zero-page usage**: Accessing variables in zeropage is 1 cycle faster and 1 byte shorter than absolute addressing.
- **Cycle Counting**: Most instructions take 2-4 cycles. `jsr` takes 6, `rts` takes 6. Branches take 2 (no branch), 3 (branch taken), or 4 (branch taken across page boundary).
-
-## 64tass Macros
-Define macros for common tasks:
-```asm
-pushax  .macro
-        pha
-        txa
-        pha
-        .endm
-
-popax   .macro
-        pla
-        tax
-        pla
-        .endm
-```
-Call them with `#pushax` and `#popax`.
-
-## IRQ Handler Best Practices
- **Clear the Decimal Flag (`cld`)**: On the original 6502, the decimal flag (`D`) is **not** automatically cleared when an interrupt occurs. If the interrupted code was in decimal mode, your handler will also run in decimal mode, causing arithmetic errors. Always call `cld` at the beginning of your handler. The 65C02 clears it automatically, but `cld` is still recommended for portability.
- Keep handlers extremely short and fast — they run with interrupts disabled and steal cycles from the main program.
- Do NOT do lengthy processing, I/O, or complex subroutine calls inside the handler.
- Instead, set a boolean flag or semaphore that the main loop checks periodically, and do the actual work there.
-
-## Invoking the Assembler (64tass)
-If you need to manually invoke `64tass` to assemble a generated `.asm` file, you should be aware of the default arguments that `prog8c` supplies to ensure compatibility with the generated code:
-
- `--ascii`: **CRITICAL.** Prog8 generates character and string data in ASCII. Without this flag, `64tass` defaults to PETSCII, which will garble your strings.
- `--case-sensitive`: Prog8 is case-sensitive and expects the assembler to be as well.
- `--long-branch`: Enables automatic conversion of relative branches (`beq`, `bne`, etc.) to absolute jumps if the target is out of range. Prog8 relies on this.
- `-Wno-implied-reg`: Suppresses warnings when the accumulator `a` is omitted from instructions like `rol`, `lsr`, etc. (though the skill recommends always using `rol a` for clarity).
- `-Wall`: Enables all warnings.
- `--cbm-prg` (or `--atari-xex` / `--nostart`): Sets the output format and adds the appropriate load address header.
-
-### Optional but Recommended for Debugging:
- `--vice-labels --labels=labels.txt`: Generates a label file that can be loaded into the VICE monitor (`load_labels "labels.txt"`) to see your Prog8 symbol names while debugging.
- `--list=listing.txt`: Generates a full assembly listing file with addresses and opcodes.
-
-### Example manual invocation:
-```bash
-64tass --ascii --case-sensitive --long-branch -Wall --cbm-prg -o myprogram.prg myprogram.asm
-```
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---
-name: prog8-coder
-description: Write Prog8 programs (6502-targeted language with 8-bit retro systems as targets)
-license: MIT
-compatibility: opencode
---
-
-# Prog8 Coder Skill
-
-You are working with **Prog8** source code (`.p8` files) or its Intermediate Representation (`.p8ir` files). Prog8 targets 8-bit systems (C64, CX16, C128, PET32) with the 6502 CPU, plus a `virtual` target for testing.
-
-Follow ALL the rules below carefully.
-
-## General & Setup
- **Git operations**: When moving, renaming, or deleting git-tracked files, **always use `git mv` or `git rm`** instead of plain `mv`/`rm`. This preserves history and properly stages the change. Plain `mv`/`rm` causes git to see them as delete+add (losing history).
- A program = a `main` block containing a `start` subroutine entry point, plus optional other subroutines/blocks
- Add `%zeropage basicsafe` at the top of your program to allow clean return on exit (instead of resetting the machine/emulator)
- Module imports: `%import modulename` — no `as` aliasing. Use the module's defined prefix (e.g., `%import textio` → `txt.xxx`)
- **Virtual target for testing**: Use `prog8c -target virtual -emu input.p8` or `prog8c -vm input.p8ir` for fast testing
- **Fast syntax check**: `prog8c -check input.p8` — does NOT produce output files (.prg, .asm, etc.), just errors
- **Output directory**: `prog8c -out outdir input.p8` (default: same dir as source)
- **Compilation outputs**: `*.prg` (program binary), `*.asm` (assembly listing), `*.list` (full listing), `*.p8ir` (IR for VM), `*.vice-mon-list` (Vice debug symbols)
-  - `.p8ir` files contain the **Intermediate Representation** — a sequence of named chunks, each containing typed instructions and virtual registers. This is a target-independent representation of the program, executable by the built-in Virtual Machine via `prog8c -vm file.p8ir`. Useful for debugging the compiler's code generation path without involving 6502 assembly.
- **Debugging switches**: `-noopt` (disable optimizations), `-printast1` (parsed AST), `-printast2` (optimized simple AST), `-compareir` (compare IR outputs), `-dumpsymbols` (print all symbols), `-dumpvars` (print all variables)
- **Library search (preferred)**: `prog8c -libsearch <regex>` — search for a regex pattern in the embedded library files. Extremely useful to quickly find library routines, variables, strings, or signatures (e.g., `prog8c -libsearch "txt\."` lists all textio routines; `prog8c -libsearch "sin"` finds math functions)
- **Library dump**: `prog8c -libdump <dir>` — extract all embedded library source files into a directory for direct inspection (less common, use `-libsearch` first)
- **Other useful flags**: `-quiet` (suppress messages), `-warnimplicitcasts` (warn on implicit type widening), `-daemon` (keep a background compiler process alive to speed up multiple successive compilations — must be passed on every `prog8c` invocation)
- **Test programs**: add `%zeropage basicsafe` and `%option no_sysinit` at top
- **Compiler unit test snippets**: These are **prog8 code snippets embedded in the Prog8 compiler's own Kotlin unit tests** (e.g., in `TestAstChecks.kt`, `TestOptimization.kt`, etc.). They are NOT standalone Prog8 programs:
-  - Keep them self-contained — avoid `%import` directives so they don't depend on library files (the test setup may not have the library search path configured)
-  - Use the `cx16` target (not `virtual`, unless specifically testing the VM)
-  - Consider setting `writeAssembly=false` if the test only needs to check the generated AST (much faster)
-  - Use `optimize=false` by default for these snippets
-  - Do NOT use the `%encoding iso` / `txt.iso()` / `sys.poweroff_system()` pattern in these snippets — that's only for real CX16 emulator runs
- **`sys` module**: always available, no import needed
- **CX16 debugging**: Add `%encoding iso`, call `txt.iso()` in `start()`, end with `sys.poweroff_system()`. For emulator: `x16emu -echo iso -run -prg input.prg 2>&1 | grep ...`
-
-## Datatypes & Variables
- Primitives: `bool`, `byte`, `ubyte`, `word`, `uword`, `long`, `float`, `str`
- `ubyte`/`uword` = unsigned; `long` = signed 4-byte; `float` = 5-byte MS format; `str` = 0-terminated ubytes (max 255 chars)
- **float requires `%import floats`** at top of file, else compiler errors
- Arrays: max 256 bytes (512 for split word arrays). For larger data, use `memory()` + pointers
- `memory(name, size)` returns a `uword` address to a statically reserved block of memory
- To point a typed pointer at a `memory()` block, assign the uword directly: `^^MyStruct ptr = memory("name", size)`. The `^^Type:expression` syntax (below) only works with array literals, not general uword expressions.
- Struct initialization: `^^StructType ptr = ^^StructType:[val1,val2,...]` (the `^^StructType:` can be omitted if inferable). This `^^Type:[...]` syntax does NOT work with variables or `memory()` — only literal arrays.
- Struct definitions must be inside a block, not at file level.
- Struct fields: only simple types + `str` allowed. NO arrays as fields. `str` in struct = `^^ubyte`
- Word/pointer arrays split into LSB/MSB by default. Override with `@nosplit`
- **No call stack**: all variables statically allocated. No recursion without manual stack management
- Variables zero-initialized (globals at start, locals on subroutine entry)
- `@shared`, `@zp`, `@requirezp`, `@dirty`, `@nosplit` are **tags** that go on variable declarations. **Place them after the datatype (and array specifiers), before the variable name(s):**
-  ```
-  private ubyte[8] @shared vera_storage     ; single var with tag
-  ubyte @zp @shared varname                 ; multiple tags allowed
-  ubyte @requirezp var1                     ; require zeropage
-  ubyte[] @shared names                     ; array with tag
-  ```
-  The grammar is: `[private] datatype [arraydims] [tags...] identifierlist`
- `@shared` marks variables as "used by external code" (assembly), prevents the optimizer from removing them
- `@zp`/`@requirezp`: use sparingly — only for pointers (limited zeropage space)
- Pointer-like typed pointers (`^^type`) support C-style scaled arithmetic; `uword` pointers always treat element as 1 byte
- `&` = untyped address (uword); `&&` = typed pointer
- Available zeropage scratch: `P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1`, `P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG`, `P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1`, `P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2`, `P8ZP_SCRATCH_PTR` — and cx16 virtual registers R0-R15 on all targets
- Virtual registers (`cx16.r0`–`cx16.r15`): global 16-bit, NOT preserved across calls.
- **WARNING: Virtual registers in ISR/IRQ handlers**: The virtual registers R0-R15 are *not preserved* across the IRQ handler call. If your handler uses them, it will corrupt the interrupted program's state. Either avoid using them in the handler, or save/restore with `cx16.save_virtual_registers()` / `cx16.restore_virtual_registers()`. This applies to all targets, not just CX16.
- **WARNING: Long operations clobber R12-R15**: Some operations on `long` values use R12-R15 as temporary storage and will silently overwrite them. Do not rely on R12-R15 values when working with longs, and avoid using R12-R15 explicitly if your code uses long arithmetic.
- **WARNING: VERA registers in ISR handlers (CX16)**: If your IRQ handler reads or writes VERA control registers (e.g., `cx16.VERA_DATA0`, `cx16.VERA_ADDR_L`, etc.), you must save and restore the VERA context around the handler's work using `cx16.save_vera_context()` / `cx16.restore_vera_context()`. Without this, the handler will corrupt any VERA operations (tilemap updates, sprite positioning, etc.) happening in the interrupted main program.
- **IRQ handler best practices**: Keep handlers extremely short and fast — they run with interrupts disabled and steal cycles from the main program. Do NOT do lengthy processing, I/O, or complex subroutine calls inside the handler. Instead, set a boolean flag or semaphore that the main loop checks periodically, and do the actual work there.
- Math performance: integer trig (`math.sin8`, `math.cos8`) uses fast LUTs; float trig (`floats.sin`/`cos`) is much slower
-
-## Recursion & Stack Management
-No call stack for variable storage — recursion overwrites locals. To handle it:
-1. **CPU hardware stack**: `push()`/`pushw()`/`pushl()`/`pushf()` and `pop()`/`popw()`/`popl()`/`popf()`. Save/restore locals around recursive calls
-2. **Software stacks**: `buffers.stack` (uword) / `buffers.smallstack` (ubyte). Both provide `push_b()`/`push_w()` and `pop_b()`/`pop_w()`
-3. **Iterative rewrite (preferred)**: Many recursive algorithms work as `repeat` loops with explicit bounds — avoids all stack overhead
-
-## Strings, Arrays & Pointers
- `str` / array: max 256 bytes. `long[]` limited to 64 entries (64x4=256). `str[]` for string arrays: `str[5] names = ["a","b","c","d","e"]`
- 2D arrays: `type[rows][cols] name`, access `name[r][c]`. Flat init list only (no nested `[[...]]`). Total size still ≤ 256 bytes
- str/array passed as pointer to subroutine (receiving subroutine gets `^^ubyte` or `^^element`)
- **No const pointers** or pointer-to-pointer currently supported
- **Parsing limitation**: `pointer[index].field` as assignment target needs `^^`: `pointer[index]^^.field = value`
- **Pre-allocate buffers**: `str buffer = "." * 50` (empty `""` allocates nothing — `strings.append()` will fail)
- **No reassignment**: can't `buffer = "new text"` after declaration. Use `strings.copy()`/`strings.ncopy()`
- String concat is expensive on 6502. Prefer separate prints over concatenation
- **Efficient buffer iteration**: prefer `ptr++` + `@(ptr)` over `@(buffer + offset)`. Exception: if offset is a `ubyte` (≤ 255), `buffer[offset]` works fine
- `@(ptr)` = peek/poke byte. For words: `peekw`/`pokew`, longs: `peekl`/`pokel`, floats: `peekf`/`pokef`, bools: `peekbool`/`pokebool`
- Assigning a uword address to a `str` field of a struct is done by direct assignment. Compute the address in a uword variable first, then assign: `cx16.r0 = &namebufs + offset; entry.name = cx16.r0`. The `^^ubyte:(expr)` cast syntax does not parse — use a temp uword instead.
- Use `len(array)` instead of hardcoded sizes
- Array indexing is 0-based: `arr[0]` is first element
- Static memory only — real dynamic allocation impossible, but can emulate with a simple arena allocator over a `memory()` slab
-
-## Logic & Control Flow
- Logical operators (short-circuit, bool only): `and`, `or`, `xor`, `not`
-  - In `a and b`: if `a` is false, `b` is NOT evaluated
-  - In `a or b`: if `a` is true, `b` is NOT evaluated
-  - Important when `b` has side effects
- Bitwise operators: `&`, `|`, `^`, `~`, `<<`, `>>`
- Bit rotation: `rol()`/`ror()` (through carry), `rol2()`/`ror2()` (no carry)
- CPU status flag branches: `if_cs`, `if_cc`, `if_z`, `if_nz` (compile to single 6502 branch instructions)
- If-expressions for simple value assignments based on a choice
- **Optional braces in if/else**: when the `if` or `else` body is a single statement, the `{ }` can be omitted. Place the statement on the next line, indented. Example:
-  ```
-  if x < 5
-      txt.print("small")
-  ```
- `defer` defers statement execution until scope exit. Multiple defers fire in **reverse registration order** (LIFO / stack order — last deferred runs first). A defer is only registered if execution reaches that statement — conditional paths that skip the `defer` line will not register it.
- `goto`, labels, jump lists allowed
- **Common mistake**: `and`/`or` for bitmasking — use `&`/`|` instead!
-
-### The when Statement
-The `when` statement is a control flow construct that enables you to execute a specific action based on the value of an expression. It is generally more readable and often more efficient than a sequence of `if-else if` statements, as the compiler can optimize it into more efficient branching structures, such as a jump table.
- **Expression**: Evaluates an expression and compares it against case values.
- **Cases**: Defined by a value followed by the `->` operator.
- **Blocks**: Use `{ }` to enclose multiple statements for a case.
- **Else Clause**: Serves as a default handler; mandatory unless the expression type is fully covered.
- **Efficiency**: Recommended for handling sets of fixed choices as it typically results in better assembly code.
-
-## Loop Constructs
-Prog8 supports these loop types. All support `break` and `continue` (except `unroll`).
-
-### `for` loop — iterate over a range or array
- Loop variable **must be declared separately** before the `for` statement
- Works with `ubyte`, `byte`, `uword`, `word`, `long`, pointer types (NOT `float`)
- Iterates over ranges (`start to end`), descending ranges (`start downto end`), or arrays/strings
- Optional `step <constant>` for non-unit step sizes
- Loop variable value **after the loop is undefined** — don't rely on it
- Descending loops with `downto` usually produce more efficient 6502 code
-```
-ubyte i
-for i in 20 to 155 {
-    ; body
-    break       ; exit loop
-    continue    ; next iteration
-}
-
-; descending
-for i in 155 downto 20 {}
-for i in 155 to 20 step -1 {}
-
-; iterate over array elements
-uword[] fib = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]
-uword num
-for num in fib {
-    ...
-}
-```
-
-### `while` loop — repeat while condition is true
-```
-while condition {
-    ; body
-    break
-    continue
-}
-```
-
-### `do`-`until` loop — always executes body at least once
-```
-do {
-    ; body
-    break
-    continue
-} until condition
-```
-
-### `repeat` loop — repeat a fixed number of times (most efficient)
- Most efficient code generation — prefer over `for` when loop variable not needed
- Omit count for infinite loop (still supports `break`)
-```
-repeat 15 {
-    ; body
-    break
-    continue
-}
-
-; infinite:
-repeat {
-    ; body
-    break if x==5
-}
-```
-
-### `unroll` loop — compile-time code duplication
- Not a real loop — duplicates body N times at compile time
- No `break`/`continue` allowed
- Only simple statements (assignments, calls) in body
- Constant iteration count required
-```
-unroll 80 {
-    cx16.VERA_DATA0 = 255
-}
-```
-
-## Subroutines & Return Values
- **Don't use `private` on subroutines and variables** (including nested ones) unless the user asks for it. Everything is public by default in Prog8 — follow that convention.
- `inline` keyword for subroutines to suggest inlining
- No **function overloading** (except builtins) and no **polymorphism** in general. This means you must call specific routines for different types (e.g., `txt.print_ub(val)` vs `txt.print_w(val)` instead of a generic `print(val)`). Cannot use builtin names (msw, lsw, msb, lsb, mkword, mklong, peek, peekw, peekl, etc.) as variable/sub names
- Can return 0, 1, or multiple values: `a, b, c = routine()`. Use `void` to skip: `void routine()`, `a, void, c = routine()`
- Nested subroutines access parent scope variables directly
-
-## Assembly Subroutines (asmsub)
-For low-level assembly that gets arguments via registers and returns values in registers.
- **Syntax**: `[private] [inline] asmsub subname(params) [clobbers(regs)] [-> returns] { %asm {{ ... }} }`
- **Body Restriction**: The body of an `asmsub` **must only contain** a single `%asm {{ ... }}` node. Regular Prog8 statements or nested blocks are NOT allowed.
- **Parameters**: `type name @register` (e.g., `ubyte val @A`, `uword addr @AX`, `float f @FAC1`).
- **Return Values**: `-> type @register` (e.g., `-> ubyte @A`, `-> bool @Pz` for immediate branch use).
- **Registers**:
-    - **8-bit**: `@A`, `@X`, `@Y`
-    - **16-bit**: `@AX`, `@AY`, `@XY` (register pairs)
-    - **Float**: `@FAC1`, `@FAC2` (Floating Point Accumulators)
-    - **Virtual**: `@R0`–`@R15` (16-bit), `@R0R1`–`@R14R15` (32-bit combined)
-    - **Status Flags (for returns)**: `@Pc` (Carry), `@Pz` (Zero), `@Pv` (Overflow), `@Pn` (Negative)
- **Clobbers**: `clobbers (A, X, Y)` — list all hardware registers modified by the routine.
- **Parameter names** are for documentation and type checking only. Use the registers in your assembly code.
- **Inlining**: `inline asmsub` will paste the assembly code directly at the call site, avoiding `jsr`/`rts` overhead.
-
-## External Subroutines (extsub)
-Used to call routines at fixed memory addresses (like ROM KERNAL routines or third-party drivers).
- **Syntax**: `[private] extsub [@bank <value>] address = subname(params) [clobbers(regs)] [-> returns]`
- **Address**: Can be a hex literal (`$C000`) or a constant expression.
- **Bank (optional)**: `@bank <integer>` (constant bank) or `@bank <identifier>` (variable bank).
- **No Body**: Unlike `asmsub`, `extsub` has no `{ }` body; it just maps a signature to an address.
- **Example**:
-  ```prog8
-  ; CX16 KERNAL CHROUT
-  extsub $FFD2 = chrout(ubyte char @A) clobbers(A, X, Y)
-
-  ; Routine in a specific RAM bank
-  extsub @bank 10 $C09F = audio_init() clobbers(A, X, Y) -> bool @Pc
-  ```
-
-## Assembly Programming Details
- **Symbol prefixes**: `p8v_` (variables), `p8s_` (subroutines), `p8b_` (blocks), `p8c_` (constants), `p8l_` (labels), `p8t_` (structs), `p8_` (other)
- **Fully qualified names**: `p8b_blockname.p8v_varname`, `p8b_blockname.p8s_subname.p8v_localvar`
- **Within a `.proc`**, short names often work. `%option no_symbol_prefixing` disables prefixes (used by `cbm`, `cx16`, `txt`)
- **Split word arrays**: append `_lsb` / `_msb` to variable name (e.g., `p8v_myarray_lsb`)
- **CX16 target**: use 65C02 instructions (STZ, PHX, etc). Others: 6502 only
- **Assembly syntax**: 64tass. `.proc`/`.pend`, `_label` for locals, `.byte`/`.word`/`.dword` for data, `=` for equates
- **Instructions** like `rol`, `ror`, `asl`, `lsr` require explicit operand: `rol a`
- **Anonymous labels**: `+` (forward), `-` (backward), branch with `+`, `++`, `+++` or `-`, `--`, `---`
- **Register Aliases**: It's common to define aliases at the start of an `asmsub`:
-  ```prog8
-  asmsub my_routine(uword ptr @AX) {
-      %asm {{
-          ptr_lo = p8zp_scratch_w1
-          ptr_hi = p8zp_scratch_w1+1
-          sta ptr_lo
-          stx ptr_hi
-      }}
-  }
-  ```
-
-## Standard Library
- Find routines, functions, variables, modules and signatures in the symbol dump file for the given compilation target. 
-  - Online location: https://prog8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/libraries.html#low-fi-variable-and-subroutine-definitions-in-all-available-library-modules  they are linked there 1 for each compilation target
-  - Structure: builtin functions, then module sections with variables/constants (`type name`) and subroutines (`name (params) -> returntype`)
- Text output: `textio` module (`txt.print`, `txt.chrout`, `txt.print_b`/`_ub`/`_w`/`_uw`/`_l`/`_bool`, `txt.print_f` for floats, `txt.spc()`, `txt.nl()`). **Note: Prog8 has no function overloading**, so you cannot use `txt.print(number)` — you must call the specific routine for the type (e.g., `txt.print_ub(val)` for an unsigned byte).
- Math: `math` module — integer trig (`sin8`, `cos8`) via fast LUTs; `math.rnd()` for random numbers
- String conversion: `conv` module (`str_uword`, `str2word`, etc.) — for printing numbers use txt routines instead
- Char operations: `strings` module (`isdigit`, `isxdigit`, `isupper`, `islower`, `isletter`, `isspace`, `isprint`) — use these instead of manual ASCII/PETSCII arithmetic
- String functions return useful lengths — capture them: `len = strings.copy(dest, src)`, `len = strings.append(buf, text)`, `len = strings.upper(mystr)`
-
-## Syntax & Formatting
- Hex: `$FF` (not `0xFF`); Binary: `%1010` (not `0b1010`). Underscores for readability: `25_000_000`
- 4-digit hex `$0000` = uword. No type suffixes (no `0L`). Cast: `expr as type`
- Augmented assignment: `+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, `%=`, `&=`, `|=`, `^=`, `<<=`, `>>=`
- **`;` starts a comment to end of line** — NOT a statement separator. One statement per line
- **No `elif`**: use nested `else { if ... }`
- Type casting: `expression as type` (e.g., `bytevar as word`). `as` has very low precedence (lower than arithmetic)
- **No automatic type widening**: `byte*byte=byte` (overflow possible!). Cast explicitly
- **No bare `{ }` blocks** like C/Java
- Indentation: 4 spaces for .p8 and .asm files (no tabs)
- Character encoding: 6502 targets use PETSCII by default (call `txt.lowercase()` at start for lowercase). Virtual target uses ISO (`%encoding iso` + `txt.iso()`)
- Array size inferred from initializer: `str[] types = ["a", "b", "c"]`
- Enums: `Enum::Value` syntax (double colon), declared inside a block. They are syntactic sugar for a list of `const` declarations, not a type. Use enums for related values, `const` for standalone
- Avoid `globals.XXXX` — move constants closer to where they're used
- Member access through pointers: use `.` for both direct and pointer access. The compiler infers the type. For complex assignment targets, `^^` may be needed: `ptr^^.field = value`
- Qualified names: must use full path from top level (e.g., `cx16.r0`, not relative)
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# An .aiignore file follows the same syntax as a .gitignore file.
-# .gitignore documentation: https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore
-
-# you can ignore files
-.DS_Store
-*.log
-*.tmp
-*.bin
-*.prg
-
-# or folders
-dist/
-build/
-out/
-output/
-.gradle/
-.kotlin/
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# EditorConfig for Prog8 projects
-# Ensures consistent formatting across editors and team members
-# See https://editorconfig.org
-
-root = true
-
-# All files
-[*]
-charset = utf-8
-end_of_line = lf
-insert_final_newline = true
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
-
-# Prog8 source files (.p8)
-[*.p8]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 4
-
-# Assembly files (.asm) - 64tass syntax
-[*.asm]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 4
-
-# Kotlin compiler source files
-[*.kt]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 4
-trim_trailing_whitespace = false
-
-# Documentation files
-[*.md]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = false
-
-[*.rst]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = false
-
-# Gradle build files
-[*.gradle.kts]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 4
-
-# Git ignore files
-[.gitignore]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 2
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# These are supported funding model platforms
-
-#github: # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2]
-#patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
-#open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
-ko_fi: irmen
-#tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
-#community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
-#liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
-#issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
-#otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
-#lfx_crowdfunding: # Replace with a single LFX Crowdfunding project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
-#custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']
-custom: ['https://paypal.me/irmendejong']
@@ -10,33 +10,22 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2

-      - name: install 64tass
-        run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install 64tass
-          64tass --version
+      - name: Install 64tass
+        run: sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y 64tass

-      - name: Set up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+      - name: Set up JDK 11
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
        with:
-          java-version: 17
-          distribution: temurin
-
-      - name: Setup Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v6
+          java-version: 11
+          distribution: adopt

      - name: Build and test with Gradle
-        run: |
-          ./gradlew build shadowJar --no-daemon --console=plain
-          sha256sum -b compiler/build/libs/*-all.jar > compiler/build/libs/hash.txt
-        
+        run: ./gradlew build shadowJar --no-daemon
+
      - name: Create compiler shadowJar artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: prog8-compiler-jar-zipped
-          path: |
-            compiler/build/libs/*-all.jar
-            compiler/build/libs/hash.txt
-
+          path: compiler/build/libs/*-all.jar
@@ -1,45 +1,34 @@
 .idea/workspace.xml
 .idea/discord.xml
-.idea/developer-tools.xml
-.idea/usage.statistics.xml
-.idea/shelf/
-.junie/
-.junie/memory/
-.serena
 build/
 dist/
 output/
-out/
-out-new/
-out-old/
 .*cache/
 *.directory
 *.prg
 *.bin
-*.p8ir
 *.labels.txt
 *.vm.txt
 *.vice-mon-list
 docs/build
+out/
 parser/**/*.interp
 parser/**/*.tokens
 parser/**/*.java
-compiler/src/prog8/buildversion/*
-languageServer/src/prog8/buildversion/*
 *.py[cod]
 *.egg
 *.egg-info
 .eggs/
 /MANIFEST
 .tox/
-.kotlin/
 __pycache__/
 parser.out
 parsetab.py
 .pytest_cache/
 .attach_pid*
 compiler/lib/
+
 .gradle
+/prog8compiler.jar
 sd*.img
 *.d64
-
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="JunieProjectTechnologies">
-    <option name="explicitlyEnabledTechs">
-      <set>
-        <option value="junie.python" />
-      </set>
-    </option>
-  </component>
-</project>
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="RemoteRepositoriesConfiguration">
-    <remote-repository>
-      <option name="id" value="central" />
-      <option name="name" value="Maven Central repository" />
-      <option name="url" value="https://repo1.maven.org/maven2" />
-    </remote-repository>
-    <remote-repository>
-      <option name="id" value="80ae155e-b222-4ca0-92cf-6041a298e78a" />
-      <option name="name" value="80ae155e-b222-4ca0-92cf-6041a298e78a" />
-      <option name="url" value="https://jitpack.io" />
-    </remote-repository>
-  </component>
-</project>
@@ -1,19 +1,9 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
-  <component name="Kotlin2JsCompilerArguments">
-    <option name="moduleKind" value="plain" />
-  </component>
  <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
    <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
  </component>
-  <component name="KotlinCommonCompilerArguments">
-    <option name="apiVersion" value="2.3" />
-    <option name="languageVersion" value="2.3" />
-  </component>
-  <component name="KotlinCompilerSettings">
-    <option name="additionalArguments" value="-jvm-default=no-compatibility" />
-  </component>
  <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
-    <option name="version" value="2.3.21" />
+    <option name="version" value="1.8.21-release-380" />
  </component>
-</project>
+</project>
@@ -1,23 +1,19 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="KotlinJavaRuntime" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:2.3.21" />
+  <library name="KotlinJavaRuntime">
    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.3.21.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-2.3.21.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.3.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-reflect.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-test.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8.jar!/" />
    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.3.21-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-2.3.21-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.3.21-javadoc.jar!/" />
-    </JAVADOC>
+    <JAVADOC />
    <SOURCES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.3.21-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-2.3.21-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.3.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.3.21-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-reflect-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-test-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$KOTLIN_BUNDLED$/lib/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-sources.jar!/" />
    </SOURCES>
  </library>
 </component>
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
  <library name="antlr.antlr4" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.13.2">
+    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.12.0">
      <exclude>
        <dependency maven-id="com.ibm.icu:icu4j" />
      </exclude>
    </properties>
    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.13.2/antlr4-4.13.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.13.2/antlr4-runtime-4.13.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.12.0/antlr4-4.12.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.12.0/antlr4-runtime-4.12.0.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr-runtime/3.5.3/antlr-runtime-3.5.3.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.4/ST4-4.3.4.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/abego/treelayout/org.abego.treelayout.core/1.0.3/org.abego.treelayout.core-1.0.3.jar!/" />
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="eclipse.lsp4j" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.eclipse.lsp4j:org.eclipse.lsp4j:1.0.0" />
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/lsp4j/org.eclipse.lsp4j/1.0.0/org.eclipse.lsp4j-1.0.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/lsp4j/org.eclipse.lsp4j.jsonrpc/1.0.0/org.eclipse.lsp4j.jsonrpc-1.0.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/google/code/gson/gson/2.14.0/gson-2.14.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/google/errorprone/error_prone_annotations/2.48.0/error_prone_annotations-2.48.0.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="github.hypfvieh.dbus.java" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.2" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.2/dbus-java-3.3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.17/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.17.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.11/jnr-ffi-2.2.11.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.9/jffi-1.3.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.9/jffi-1.3.9-native.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.2/asm-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.2/asm-commons-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.2/asm-analysis-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.2/asm-tree-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.2/asm-util-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-a64asm/1.0.0/jnr-a64asm-1.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-x86asm/1.0.2/jnr-x86asm-1.0.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.3/jnr-constants-0.10.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.13/jnr-enxio-0.32.13.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.15/jnr-posix-3.1.15.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="github.irmen.ksim65" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.github.irmen:ksim65:v2.1" />
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/irmen/ksim65/v2.1/ksim65-v2.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.3.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.3.20.jar!/" />
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-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="glassfish.javax.json" type="repository">
+    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.glassfish:javax.json:1.1.4" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.1.4/javax.json-1.1.4.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core-jvm:5.5.5" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.21/kotlin-reflect-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-common-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="io.kotest.framework.datatest" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-framework-datatest:5.9.1" />
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-datatest/5.9.1/kotest-framework-datatest-5.9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-datatest-jvm/5.9.1/kotest-framework-datatest-jvm-5.9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.23/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.23.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
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-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.9.1/kotest-common-jvm-5.9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.9.23/kotlin-reflect-1.9.23.jar!/" />
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-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.9.1/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.9.1/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.9.1.jar!/" />
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-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="io.kotest.property.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-property-jvm:5.5.5" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-property-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-property-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-common-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/curious-odd-man/rgxgen/1.4/rgxgen-1.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.21/kotlin-reflect-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>
@@ -1,39 +1,55 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
  <library name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.9.1" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.5.5" />
    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/5.9.1/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-5.9.1.jar!/" />
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-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.9.1/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
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-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.172/classgraph-4.8.172.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-common-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-engine-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-engine-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.154/classgraph-4.8.154.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/ajalt/mordant/1.2.1/mordant-1.2.1.jar!/" />
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+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-debug/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-debug-1.6.4.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/java/dev/jna/jna/5.9.0/jna-5.9.0.jar!/" />
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+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
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+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-extensions-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-extensions-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
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+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.2/objenesis-3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-api-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-agent-api-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-core-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-core-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/junit/junit/4.13.2/junit-4.13.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar!/" />
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+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-params/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-params-5.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-engine/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.7.2/junit-platform-engine-1.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.0/apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.7.2/junit-platform-commons-1.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-suite-api/1.7.2/junit-platform-suite-api-1.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-launcher/1.7.2/junit-platform-launcher-1.7.2.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.8.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.23/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.23.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.9.23/kotlin-reflect-1.9.23.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.21/kotlin-reflect-1.6.21.jar!/" />
    </CLASSES>
    <JAVADOC />
    <SOURCES />
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
  <library name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.6" />
+    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.5" />
    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.6/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.6.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.5/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.5.jar!/" />
    </CLASSES>
    <JAVADOC />
    <SOURCES />
@@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
  <library name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.3.1" />
+    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.16" />
    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.3.1/kotlin-result-jvm-2.3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.3.10/kotlin-stdlib-2.3.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/1.1.16/kotlin-result-jvm-1.1.16.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.20/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.20.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.20.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.20/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.20.jar!/" />
      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.20.jar!/" />
    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.3.1/kotlin-result-jvm-2.3.1-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.3.10/kotlin-stdlib-2.3.10-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-javadoc.jar!/" />
-    </JAVADOC>
-    <SOURCES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.3.1/kotlin-result-jvm-2.3.1-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.3.10/kotlin-stdlib-2.3.10-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-sources.jar!/" />
-    </SOURCES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
  </library>
 </component>
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="slf4j.simple" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.7" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/2.0.7/slf4j-simple-2.0.7.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.7/slf4j-api-2.0.7.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="takes" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.takes:takes:1.24.4" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/takes/takes/1.24.4/takes-1.24.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/cactoos/cactoos/0.54.0/cactoos-0.54.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/xml/bind/jaxb-api/2.4.0-b180830.0359/jaxb-api-2.4.0-b180830.0359.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/activation/javax.activation-api/1.2.0/javax.activation-api-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-core/4.0.0/jaxb-core-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/jakarta/xml/bind/jakarta.xml.bind-api/4.0.0/jakarta.xml.bind-api-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/jakarta/activation/jakarta.activation-api/2.1.0/jakarta.activation-api-2.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/angus/angus-activation/1.0.0/angus-activation-1.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-impl/4.0.0/jaxb-impl-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>
@@ -4,29 +4,22 @@
    <option name="perGrammarGenerationSettings">
      <list>
        <PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
-          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/src/main/antlr/Prog8ANTLR.g4" />
+          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/Prog8ANTLR.g4" />
          <option name="autoGen" value="true" />
          <option name="outputDir" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/src/prog8/parser" />
          <option name="libDir" value="" />
          <option name="encoding" value="" />
          <option name="pkg" value="" />
-          <option name="language" value="Java" />
+          <option name="language" value="" />
          <option name="generateListener" value="false" />
-          <option name="generateVisitor" value="true" />
        </PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
      </list>
    </option>
  </component>
-  <component name="Black">
-    <option name="sdkName" value="Python 3.11" />
-  </component>
  <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
    <type id="Python" />
  </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_21" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-21" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
    <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
  </component>
-  <component name="PythonCompatibilityInspectionAdvertiser">
-    <option name="version" value="3" />
-  </component>
 </project>
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 <project version="4">
  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
    <modules>
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" />
@@ -11,13 +10,12 @@
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/httpCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/httpCompilerService.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" />
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/languageServer/languageServer.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/languageServer/languageServer.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" />
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/prog8.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/prog8.iml" />
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/simpleAst/simpleAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/simpleAst/simpleAst.iml" />
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" />
    </modules>
  </component>
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
-    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
  </component>
 </project>
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
---
-description: Startup workflow to load project context
---
-
-1. Read the file `AGENTS.md` in the project root as initial system prompt to build context and instructions about the project structure, module descriptions, and development commands.
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Agent Instructions
-
- The file `AGENTS.md` MUST be loaded as the very first step of every session, if it isn't already loaded by the system.
- Follow all project-specific guidelines and information provided in `AGENTS.md`.
- Ensure all automated tasks and code generations adhere to the language rules and architectural decisions described in `AGENTS.md`.
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "context": {
-    "fileName": "AGENTS.md"
-  },
-  "$version": 3,
-  "permissions": {
-    "allow": [
-      "Bash(prog8c *)",
-      "Bash(gradle *)",
-      "Bash(mkdir *)",
-      "Bash(ls *)",
-      "Bash(cat *)",
-      "Bash(find *)",
-      "Bash(sed *)",
-      "Bash(grep *)",
-      "Bash(xargs *)",
-      "Bash(wc *)",
-      "Bash(diff *)",
-      "Bash(paste *)",
-      "Bash(echo *)",
-      "Bash(cp *)",
-      "Bash(time)",
-      "Bash(kotlinc *)",
-      "Bash(python3 *)",
-      "Bash(jar *)",
-      "Bash(od *)",
-      "Bash(xxd *)",
-      "Bash(gcc *)"
-    ]
-  }
-}
@@ -9,19 +9,17 @@ version: 2
 build:
  os: ubuntu-22.04
  tools:
-    python: "3.12"
+    python: "3.11"
+
+# Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/source/conf.py
+
+# If using Sphinx, optionally build your docs in additional formats such as PDF
+formats:
+  - pdf

 # Optionally declare the Python requirements required to build your docs
 python:
  install:
    - requirements: docs/requirements.txt
-
-# Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx
-sphinx:
-  configuration: docs/source/conf.py
-  fail_on_warning: true
-
-# If using Sphinx, optionally build your docs in additional formats such as PDF
-formats:
-  - pdf
-  - epub
@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
-# CRITICAL RULES - MUST FOLLOW
-
-## RESPONSES
-
- Keep responses concise and to the point - unless the user asks otherwise
-
-## PLANNING MODE
-
- Always ask clarifying questions
- Never assume design, tech stack or features
- Use deep-dive sub-agents to assist with research
- Use deep-dive sub-agents to review the different aspects of your plan before presenting to the user
-
-## CHANGE / EDIT MODE
-
- Never implement features yourself when possible - use sub-agents!
- Identify changes from the plan that can be implemented in parallel, and use sub-agents to implement the features efficiently
- When using sub-agents to implement features, act as a coordinator only
- Use the best model for the task - premium models for complex tasks (like coding) and mid-tier models for simpler tasks, like documentation
- After completing features (large or small), always run commands like lint, type check and next build to check code quality
-
-## Project Overview
- This project is a compiler for the Prog8 programming language.
- Prog8 is a programming language primarily targeting 8-bit retro systems with the 6502 CPU, such as the Commodore 64, Commodore 128, and Commander X16.
- The compiler has a 6502 code generator backend, and an IR code generator.
- The IR code is meant to be used in a new machine specific code generator backend (primarily 6502 but maybe 68000 as well later)
- The compiler includes a simple 'virtual machine' that can execute the IR code directly via interpretation.
- Prog8 source files have .p8 extension – these are *not* LUA or PICO-8 source files in this case!
- Prog8 source files are a "module" that can contain one or more "blocks". They can also import other modules, from internal library files or from source files on the filesystem.
- The prog8 compiler is written mostly in Kotlin, those files have the .kt extension.
- The standard library is mostly written in Prog8 and assembly code, and can be found in the "compiler" module, in the 'res/prog8lib' directory.
- **Library Reference**: For a quick overview of all available modules, routines, and their signatures, **consult the skeleton files (symboldumps)** in `docs/source/_static/symboldumps/`. They are named `skeletons-<target>.txt`.
- Kotlin version 2.3 is used for the compiler implementation.
- Java 17 is used as Java runtime version.
- ANTLR4 version 4.13 is used for the parser implementation.
- Dependent library versions can be found in 'build.gradle.kts' and in the IntelliJ IDEA configuration files in .idea/libraries
- The compiler main entrypoint is in the "compiler" module, in src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt
-
-## Compilation Flow (High-Level)
-```
-Source → parseMainModule() → processAst() → optimizeAst() → postprocessAst()
-       → Simple AST → Code Generator → Assembly → .prg
-```
-
-**Key phases in `compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Compiler.kt`:**
- `parseMainModule()` - Import modules, parse to Compiler AST
- `processAst()` - Semantic analysis, constant folding, type casting, validation
- `optimizeAst()` - Dead code elimination, inlining, statement optimization
- `postprocessAst()` - Memory layout, final transformations
- Code generation – Simple AST → IR or 6502 assembly
-
-**Understanding this order is important:** For example, `ConstantIdentifierReplacer` runs during `processAst()`, so by the time `AstChecker` runs at the end of that phase, identifier references have already been replaced with their actual values.
-
-### Target Differences
- **CPU instruction set differences**: Only the CommanderX16 target (cx16) can use 65C02 instructions such as STZ. The other targets (C64, C128, PET32) can only use original 6502 instructions.
- When writing or understanding assembly code, load the `asm6502-coder` skill for 64tass syntax and conventions.
-
-
-## DEBUGGING TIP: Use `-noopt` to isolate problems
-When investigating a possible code generation problem (both IR and 6502), **FIRST try compiling the program with the `-noopt` switch** to disable most of the compiler optimizations.
- **Problem gone with `-noopt`**: Issue is in **optimization phases** (`optimizeAst()`, `UnusedCodeRemover`, `Inliner`, etc.)
- **Problem persists with `-noopt`**: Issue is in **parsing, semantic analysis, symboltable, or the regular code generation path**.
-
-This way you can determine if the problem is caused by a faulty optimization step, or just occurs in the regular code generation path.
-
-## DEBUGGING TIP: Use `-compareir` to see what changed
-When investigating optimization-related issues or tracking regressions:
-```bash
-# Compile without optimizations (baseline)
-prog8c -target virtual -noopt -out dir program.p8
-
-# Compile with optimizations and compare
-prog8c -target virtual -compareir dir/program_noopt.p8ir program.p8
-```
-**Output shows:**
- Instruction/chunk/register count changes with percentages
- First 10 actual instruction differences
- Helps identify which optimization transformed the code
-
-## DEBUGGING TIP: Use `-vmtrace` to trace execution
-When debugging VM execution or control flow issues:
-```bash
-prog8c -target virtual -vm program.p8ir -vmtrace
-prog8c -target virtual -emu -vmtrace program.p8
-```
-**Output format:** `[chunkName:instructionIndex] instruction`
- Shows each executed IR instruction with location
- Useful for understanding control flow and finding where execution diverges
- **Only works on virtual target**
-
-## Typical debugging workflow:
-1. **Quick check:** `-check` for syntax errors
-2. **Isolate:** `-noopt` to determine if problem is optimizer-related
-3. **Compare:** `-compareir` to see what instructions changed
-4. **Trace:** `-vmtrace` to watch actual execution flow
-5. **Deep dive:** `-printast1` / `-printast2` for compiler internals
-
-## IMPORTANT: SymbolTable cachedFlat cache
-The `SymbolTable` class has a **cached `flat` property** for fast symbol lookups.
-
-**CRITICAL:** If you modify the AST **after** SymbolTable construction, you **MUST** call `symbolTable.resetCachedFlat()` or lookups will fail!
-
-## IMPORTANT: Virtual Target (IR Codegen) Issues
-For problems that **ONLY occur with the 'virtual' target**, **ONLY modify these modules**:
- `codeGenIntermediate` - IR code generator
- `intermediate` - IR representation and file I/O  
- `virtualmachine` - VM that executes IR code
-
-**DO NOT modify** `compilerAst`, `simpleAst`, `codeGenCpu6502`, etc. The IR codegen has its own separate handling for symbol tables, AST transformations, and unused code removal.
-
-## IMPORTANT: Compiler Crashes Must Be Fixed in the Compiler
-A Kotlin/Java crash in the compiler itself (as opposed to a compilation error in the user's program) indicates a bug in the compiler code. **Such crashes should NEVER be worked around by modifying the Prog8 source file that triggered them.**
-
-Instead, always fix the bug in the compiler's Kotlin code. The user's program is correct - the compiler needs to handle it properly.
-
-Steps when encountering a compiler crash:
-1. Create a minimal reproduction case of the Prog8 source that triggers the crash
-2. Debug the compiler to find the root cause in the Kotlin code
-3. Fix the compiler bug, not the user program
-
-## CRITICAL: NO FORMATTING
- DO NOT change indentation and formatting of lines that are not being modified. NEVER run formatters (black, ruff, prettier, etc.) after edits,
- .editorconfig handles basic formatting (indentation, line endings, whitespace)
- Make ONLY the requested changes, touch nothing else
- **NO EMOJI in user documentation**. Do not use emoji or decorative unicode symbols in documentation files. Functional unicode symbols are acceptable when they serve a clear purpose (e.g., → for arrows, ± for plus-minus, × for multiplication, ° for degrees). Avoid decorative emoji like ❌ ✅ ⚠️ 🎉 etc.
-
-### Code Style Guidelines
-**Minimal comments when making changes**: When modifying existing code, add only essential comments that explain *why* a change was made or document non-obvious behavior. **Do not add verbose comments** that restate what the code does; let the code speak for itself. Existing extensive comments should be preserved, but new changes should have minimal commentary.
-
-## Prog8 language information
-
-When the task involves writing or understanding `.p8` (Prog8 source) or `.p8ir` (Prog8 intermediate representation) files, **load the `prog8-coder` skill** — it contains the full language reference, syntax rules, and standard library guidance.
-
-## Project Module Descriptions
- `compiler` - Main compiler entrypoint (src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt)
- `compilerAst` - Complex AST where most optimizations run
- `simpleAst` - Simplified AST used by code generator backends
- `parser` - ANTLR4 parser implementation
- `codeCore` - Core code generation utilities
- `codeGenCpu6502` - 6502 assembly code generator backend
- `codeGenIntermediate` - Intermediate representation (IR) code generator
- `codeGenVirtual` - Virtual machine code generator backend
- `codeOptimizers` - Optimization passes
- `intermediate` - IR components
- `virtualmachine` - VM that executes IR code
- `languageServer` - Language Server Protocol implementation
- `docs` - Documentation files
- `examples` - Example Prog8 programs
-
-## Key Information
- never read the files and directories that are ignored via the .aiignore and .gitignore files (EXCEPT when it is a folder for agent config such as .junie, .opencode, .qwen or .agent)
- never perform any git source control write/update/add/commit/branch operations. Read and status operations are allowed.
- **git log/history queries can be useful** for understanding when/why a feature was added or tracking down when a bug was introduced, but for locating code use grep_search or glob instead.
- Architecture decisions: separation of frontend/parser, IR intermediate representation, multiple backends
-
-## Junie Agent Commitments
-These instructions apply specifically to the Junie agent:
-
-*   **Code Discovery and Navigation**: Use the `get_file_structure` tool to understand the API and structure of files before reading or editing them.
-*   **Symbol-Aware Searching**: Use the `search_project` tool as the primary method for finding symbol definitions (classes, methods, variables) across the project.
-*   **Project-Wide Refactoring**: Exclusively use the `rename_element` tool for any symbol renames to ensure all references, imports, and documentation are updated correctly.
-*   **Structured Test Execution**: Use the `run_test` tool for rapid, isolated verification of Kotlin logic changes.
-*   **Contextual Exploration**: Use the `open` tool with specific `line_number` parameters to navigate directly to relevant code sections.
-*   **Gradle Console Output**: Always use the `--console=plain` flag with `gradle` commands. Fancy console output (like progress bars) will mess up the coding agent's text interface.
-
-**Note on Terminal usage**: Junie uses `gradle` and terminal commands primarily for project lifecycle tasks (e.g., `gradle installdist` to re-embed standard library resources), manual compiler verification with `prog8c`, and full regression testing before submission. When using `gradle`, always append `--console=plain`.
-
-# Dev environment tips
-
-## Development Workflows
-
-**1. Testing your own Prog8 programs** (no compiler changes):
- No rebuild needed - just run `prog8c` directly
- Edit your `.p8` file → compile/run → check stdout output
- Example: `prog8c -target virtual -emu myprogram.p8`
-
-**2. Testing compiler or standard library changes**:
- Rebuild required after every change to `.kt`, `.p8`, or `.asm` files in the compiler project
- Workflow: edit source → `gradle installdist installshadowdist` → test with `prog8c`
- Example: fix bug in `CodeGen6502.kt` → rebuild → `prog8c -target cx16 test.p8`
-
-## Building and Installing the Compiler
- use the system installed gradle command instead of the gradle wrapper.
-
-### Quick compile check (NO tests)
- **After changing compiler Kotlin source (.kt files)**: Use `gradle :compiler:compileKotlin --console=plain` to quickly check for syntax/compile errors
- This compiles the compiler but **skips running tests**, this is much faster than `gradle build`
- **Note:** This does NOT install the compiler - use `gradle installdist installshadowdist --console=plain` after to actually use your changes
-
-### When you MUST rebuild AND reinstall the compiler
-
-**After ANY change to:**
-1. **Kotlin compiler source code** (`.kt` files in any module, or the `.g4` grammar file)
-2. **Standard library Prog8 files** (`compiler/res/prog8lib/**/*.p8`)
-3. **Standard library assembly files** (`compiler/res/prog8lib/**/*.asm`)
-
-**Run:** `gradle installdist installshadowdist --console=plain`
-
-**Why:** The standard library files (.p8 and .asm) are embedded into the compiler JAR during the build. Changes to these files are NOT picked up by simply running `prog8c` - you MUST rebuild and reinstall for your changes to take effect.
-
-**Without this step, your changes will NOT be reflected when running `prog8c`!**
- This compiles AND installs, but still skips running tests (faster than `gradle build`)
-
-### When to run full build with tests
- **Before committing changes**: Always run `gradle build` to ensure all tests pass
- **After major refactoring**: Run `gradle build` to catch regressions
- **When debugging test failures**: Use `gradle test --tests "*TestName*"` for specific tests
-
-### Build command summary
-
-| Command | When to use | Time |
-|---------|-------------|------|
-| `gradle :compiler:compileKotlin --console=plain` | Quick syntax check (no tests) | ~10-20s |
-| `gradle installdist installshadowdist --console=plain` | After compiler changes (to use them) | ~10-20s |
-| `gradle build --console=plain` | Before commits, after major changes | ~45-60s |
-| `gradle test --tests "*Name*" --console=plain` | Run specific tests | ~5-30s |
-
-**Note:** Use system `gradle` command, not wrapper. Run `gradle clean` if you suspect stale artifacts.
-
-## Using the Compiler (prog8c)
- the prog8c compiler executable can be found in the compiler/build/install/prog8c/bin folder (this is already added to the shell's path)
- **the `-check` switch performs a quick syntax/semantic check only; it will NOT produce any output files (no .prg, .asm, etc.)**. Use it only for fast error checking during development.
- **the `-noopt` switch DISABLES all optimizations** - useful for debugging to determine if a problem is caused by the optimizer. **Optimizations are ENABLED by default** (no flag needed).
- **prog8c uses single-dash command line options** (e.g., `-target`, `-noopt`, `-check`), NOT double-dash (`--target` is invalid).
- **the `-printast1` switch prints out the internal Compiler AST** after parsing and semantic analysis.
- **the `-printast2` switch prints out the optimized Simple AST** just before it goes to the code generator. This is useful for debugging optimizer issues.
- **the `-out outdir` switch sets an alternative output directory** for compiled files (.prg, .asm, .list, etc.). **By default, output files are written to the same directory as the source file**.
-
-### Compilation Output Files
- `*.prg` - The final compiled program file for the target system (e.g., Commander X16)
- `*.asm` - Generated assembly code from the Prog8 source
- `*.list` - Generated full assembly listing file from the Prog8 source
- `*.p8ir` - Intermediate representation file, can be executed in the Virtual Machine
- `*.vice-mon-list` - Vice emulator monitor list file for debugging
-
-### Execution Examples
- `prog8c -target targetname input.p8` - Compile a Prog8 source file "input.p8" for the given target (cx16, c64, pet32, c128, virtual)
- `prog8c -target targetname -emu input.p8` - Compile and execute a prog8 file in the emulator for the given target (cx16, c64, pet32, c128, virtual)
- `prog8c -vm input.p8ir` - Execute an existing prog8 program, compiled in IR form, in the Virtual Machine
-
-## Testing and Verification
-
- Never assume your changes simply work, always test!
- If the project does not have any testing tools, scripts, MCP tools, skills, etc. available for testing, ask the user whether testing should be skipped.
-
-### Automated Tests (gradle)
-Always use the `--console=plain` flag with these commands to avoid messing up the agent's text interface.
- `gradle build --console=plain` - Full build including all tests (about 50s)
- `gradle :compiler:test --console=plain` - Run only compiler tests (faster)
- `gradle :compiler:test --tests "prog8tests.compiler.TestOptimization" --console=plain` - Run specific test class
-
-Note: By default, Gradle only shows failed tests. Passed and skipped tests are silent.
-
-**⚠️ CRITICAL: Test Filtering Patterns - Read This First!**
-
-Gradle's `--tests` filter has **strict rules** that are easy to get wrong:
-
-| Pattern | Example | Works?        |
-|---------|---------|---------------|
-| **Full class name** | `--tests "prog8tests.compiler.TestOptimization"` | **USE THIS**  | 
-| Wildcard at END | `--tests "prog8tests.compiler.Test*"` | Yes           |
-| Wildcard on package | `--tests "prog8tests.compiler.*"` | Yes           |
-| **Wildcard at START** | `--tests "*TestOptimization"` | FAILS         |
-| Test description | `--tests "*Optimization*inline*"` | FAILS         |
-
-**Why the restrictions?** Gradle's `--tests` filter matches **fully qualified class names only**. Wildcards work as **suffixes** (e.g., `Test*`) but NOT as prefixes (e.g., `*Test`). KoTest test names like `"inline multi-value void"` are _descriptions_, not method names, so you cannot filter by them.
-
-**To find failing tests after a run:**
-```bash
-# Check XML results (reliable)
-grep "<failure" compiler/build/test-results/test/*.xml
-
-# Or check HTML report (most reliable)
-cat compiler/build/reports/tests/test/index.html
-
-# For test compilation errors
-gradle :compiler:compileTestKotlin --info 2>&1 | grep "^e:"
-```
-
-**Additional notes:**
- Unit tests use KoTest (FunSpec style)
- Tests are in the "compiler" module's `test` directory (and some other modules)
- Test config is in root `build.gradle.kts`; tests run in parallel
- **When writing test programs**, add at the top: `%zeropage basicsafe` and `%option no_sysinit`
- When a test fails, the output shows "There were failing tests. See the report at:" - **read that HTML report**
-
-### Manual Verification & Emulators
-
-**Testing tip**: When writing and testing Prog8 programs, **use the `virtual` target** (e.g., `prog8c -target virtual -emu input.p8` or `prog8c -vm input.p8ir`). This is the preferred way to test because the virtual target can easily write output to stdout, making it simple to verify program behavior and check results.
-
-**CX16 output verification**: Use `x16emu -echo iso -run -prg input.prg` to echo screen output to stdout **and auto-start the program**. The `-run` flag is **critical**: without it, the program loads but doesn't execute, so you'll see no output. Pipe through `strings` or `grep` to filter: `x16emu -echo iso -run -prg input.prg 2>&1 | grep -E "(PASS|FAIL)"`.
-**IMPORTANT**: Always add `%encoding iso` at the top of your source file and call `txt.iso()` in `start()`. This prevents PETSCII→ISO charset translation errors that garble uppercase/special characters and make output unreadable:
-```prog8
-%encoding iso
-%import textio
-main { sub start() { txt.iso(); txt.print("PASS\n") } }
-```
-**IMPORTANT: Always use `sys.poweroff_system()` to exit the CX16 emulator cleanly!** Add `sys.poweroff_system()` at the end of your main program block - this exits x16emu automatically in most cases.
-**Note:** The `sys` module is always available, there is no need to import it ever.
-
-**Commodore 64 (x64sc)**: `x64sc input.prg` - run an existing compiled program in the Commodore-64 emulator. Ignore any errors and warnings, because the emulator doesn't produce any output on STDOUT.
-
-### actual 6502 CPU simulation tests
-For high-fidelity functional verification of generated 6502 code without a full emulator, you can use the `ksim65` simulator in your unit tests. This allows executing the compiled machine code and asserting on memory or register states.
- Use the `simulate()` extension function on a `CompilationResult`.
- See `prog8tests.codegeneration.TestExecution6502` for examples.
- Both 6502 and 65C02 CPUs can be simulated.
- The simulator supports capturing serial output and handling hardware reset/poweroff signals.
- There are various assertion helper methods to test on the state of CPU registers, memory contents, etc.
- Using the simulator is much faster and way more controllable than using a full emulator to run the code.
- The simulator DOES NOT represent an actual real world machine and has VERY LIMITED hardware devices so it can generally not be used to run full example prorams on.
-
-## Git Operations for File Moves/Deletes
-
-**When renaming or moving git-tracked files, ALWAYS use `git mv`:**
-```bash
-# CORRECT - preserves git history
-git mv old/path/File.kt new/path/File.kt
-
-# WRONG - git sees this as delete + add (loses history)
-mv old/path/File.kt new/path/File.kt
-```
-
-**When deleting git-tracked files, ALWAYS use `git rm`:**
-```bash
-# CORRECT - properly stages the deletion
-git rm path/to/File.kt
-
-# WRONG - git sees this as unstaged deletion
-rm path/to/File.kt
-```
-
-**Why this matters:** `git mv` and `git rm` properly stage the changes and preserve file history. Plain `mv`/`rm` requires git to detect renames heuristically, which may not always work correctly.
-
-## TODO Items
-The file `docs/source/todo.rst` contains a comprehensive list of things that still have to be fixed, implemented, or optimized. **Use this to understand what features are NOT yet available** in the compiler or Prog8 language: if a user asks for something that's on the TODO list, you'll know it's not implemented yet and can explain the limitation.
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# super simple Makefile to launch the main gradle targets to build and/or test the prog8 compiler
-
-.PHONY: all test
-
-# Use system gradle if available, otherwise fall back to gradlew wrapper
-# Windows uses 'where' and gradlew.bat, Unix uses 'command -v' and ./gradlew
-ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
-    GRADLE = $(shell where gradle >nul 2>&1 && echo gradle || echo gradlew.bat)
-else
-    GRADLE = $(shell command -v gradle >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo gradle || echo ./gradlew)
-endif
-
-all:
-	$(GRADLE) installdist installshadowdist
-	@echo "compiler launch script can be found here: compiler/build/install/prog8c-shadow/bin/prog8c"
-
-test:
-	$(GRADLE) build
-	@echo "compiler launch script can be found here: compiler/build/install/prog8c-shadow/bin/prog8c"
-
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-[![ko-fi](https://ko-fi.com/img/githubbutton_sm.svg)](https://ko-fi.com/H2H6S0FFF)
-
-PayPal: [![PayPal](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif)](https://paypal.me/irmendejong)
-
 [![Documentation](https://readthedocs.org/projects/prog8/badge/?version=latest)](https://prog8.readthedocs.io/)

 Prog8 - Structured Programming Language for 8-bit 6502/65c02 microprocessors
@@ -13,42 +9,11 @@ This is a structured programming language for the 8-bit 6502/6510/65c02 micropro
 as used in many home computers from that era. It is a medium to low level programming language,
 which aims to provide many conveniences over raw assembly code (even when using a macro assembler).

-**Want to buy me a coffee or a pizza perhaps?**
-
-This project was created over the last couple of years by dedicating a huge amoung of my free time to it, to make it the best I possibly can.
-If you like Prog8, and think it's worth a nice cup of hot coffee or a delicious pizza, 
-you can help me out a little bit over at [ko-fi.com/irmen](https://ko-fi.com/irmen) or [PayPal](https://paypal.me/irmendejong)
-
-[![JetBrains logo.](https://resources.jetbrains.com/storage/products/company/brand/logos/jetbrains.svg)](https://jb.gg/OpenSource)
- I am using JetBrains products to develop the Prog8 compiler.
-
 Documentation
 -------------
 Full documentation (syntax reference, how to use the language and the compiler, etc.) can be found at:
 https://prog8.readthedocs.io/

-How to get it/build it
----------------------
-
- Download the latest [official release](https://github.com/irmen/prog8/releases) from github.
- Or, if you want/need a bleeding edge development version, you can:
-  - download a build artifact zipfile from a recent [github action build](https://github.com/irmen/prog8/actions).
-  - you can also compile it yourself from source. [Instructions here](https://prog8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/compiling.html).
-    Note that if you are not using *gradle* to build it, you might have to perform some manual
-    tasks once to make it compile fully. These are explained in the linked instructions. 
- Alternatively, you can also install the compiler as a package on some linux distros (which will take care of dependencies automatically):
-  - Arch (via AUR): [`prog8`](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/prog8)
- Finally there's a Homebrew recipe for Mac OS (but also for Linux, and WSL2 on Windows, this also takes care of dependencies automatically):
-  ``brew install prog8``
-
-
-Community
---------
-Most of the development on Prog8 and the use of it is currently centered around 
-the [Commander X16](https://www.commanderx16.com/) retro computer. Their [discord server](https://discord.gg/nS2PqEC) contains a small channel
-dedicated to Prog8. Other than that, use the issue tracker on github.
-
-
 Software license
 ----------------
 GNU GPL 3.0 (see file LICENSE), with exception for generated code:
@@ -61,35 +26,26 @@ GNU GPL 3.0 (see file LICENSE), with exception for generated code:
 What does Prog8 provide?
 ------------------------

- all advantages of a higher level language over having to write assembly code manually
- programs run very fast because it's compiled to native machine code
- compiled code is very small; much smaller than equivalent C code compiled with CC65, and usually runs faster as well
- modularity, symbol scoping, subroutines. No need for forward declarations.
- Can make vars and routines private, as a simple way to restrict access and hide implementation details
- various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, long integers, floats, strings)
- Structs and typed pointers
- 2D arrays (`matrix[row][col]` syntax)
- floating point math is supported on certain targets
- access to most Kernal ROM routines as external subroutine definitions you can call normally
- tight control over Zeropage usage
- programs can be run multiple times without reloading because of automatic variable (re)initializations.
- programs can be configured to execute in ROM
+- reduction of source code length over raw assembly
+- fast execution speed due to compilation to native assembly code. It's possible to write certain raster interrupt 'demoscene' effects purely in Prog8.
+- modularity, symbol scoping, subroutines
+- various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, floats, strings)
+- floating point math is supported if the target system provides floating point library routines (C64 and Cx16 both do)
 - strings can contain escaped characters but also many symbols directly if they have a petscii equivalent, such as "♠♥♣♦π▚●○╳". Characters like ^, _, \, {, } and | are also accepted and converted to the closest petscii equivalents.
 - automatic static variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
+- subroutines with input parameters and result values
 - high-level program optimizations
- conditional branches that map 1:1 to cpu status flags
+- small program boilerplate/compilersupport overhead
+- programs can be run multiple times without reloading because of automatic variable (re)initializations.
+- conditional branches
 - ``when`` statement to provide a concise jump table alternative to if/elseif chains
- ``on .. goto`` statement for fast jump tables
 - ``in`` expression for concise and efficient multi-value/containment check 
- ``defer`` statement to help write concise and robust subroutine cleanup logic
- several specialized built-in functions such as ``lsb``, ``msb``, ``min``, ``max``, ``rol``, ``ror``
+- many built-in functions such as ``sin``, ``cos``, ``rnd``, ``abs``, ``min``, ``max``, ``sqrt``, ``msb``, ``rol``, ``ror``, ``swap``, ``sort`` and ``reverse``
 - various powerful built-in libraries to do I/O, number conversions, graphics and more  
- subroutines can return more than one result value
+- convenience abstractions for low level aspects such as ZeroPage handling, program startup, explicit memory addresses
 - inline assembly allows you to have full control when every cycle or byte matters
- supports the sixteen 'virtual' 16-bit registers R0 - R15 from the Commander X16 (also available on other targets)
- encode strings and characters into petscii or screencodes or even other encodings
- Automatic ROM/RAM bank switching on certain compiler targets when calling routines in other banks
- 50 Kb of available program RAM size on the C64 by default (41 Kb on the C128) because Basic ROM is banked out by default 
+- supports the sixteen 'virtual' 16-bit registers R0 - R15 from the Commander X16, and provides them also on the C64.
+- encode strings and characters into petscii or screencodes as desired (C64/Cx16)

 *Rapid edit-compile-run-debug cycle:*

@@ -100,11 +56,9 @@ What does Prog8 provide?

 *Multiple supported compiler targets* (contributions to improve these or to add support for other machines are welcome!):

- "cx16": [CommanderX16](https://www.commanderx16.com)  (65c02 CPU)
 - "c64": Commodore-64  (6502 like CPU)
 - "c128": Commodore-128  (6502 like CPU - the Z80 cpu mode is not supported)
- "pet32": Commodore PET (limited support)
- via external configurable targets: Atari 800 XL, Neo6502, NES, C64 OS, Foenix F256, ...
+- "cx16": [CommanderX16](https://www.commanderx16.com)  (65c02 CPU)
 - If you only use standard kernal and prog8 library routines, it is possible to compile the *exact same program* for different machines (just change the compiler target flag)


@@ -137,13 +91,14 @@ This code calculates prime numbers using the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm::

    %import textio
    %zeropage basicsafe
-
+    
    main {
-        bool[256] sieve
+    
+        ubyte[256] sieve
        ubyte candidate_prime = 2       ; is increased in the loop
    
        sub start() {
-            sys.memset(sieve, 256, 0)   ; clear the sieve
+            sys.memset(sieve, 256, false)   ; clear the sieve
            txt.print("prime numbers up to 255:\n\n")
            ubyte amount=0
            repeat {
@@ -179,7 +134,10 @@ This code calculates prime numbers using the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm::
        }
    }

-when compiled and ran on a C-64 you'll get:
+
+
+
+when compiled an ran on a C-64 you'll get:

 ![c64 screen](docs/source/_static/primes_example.png)

@@ -200,19 +158,3 @@ For instance here's a well known space ship animated in 3D with hidden line remo
 in the CommanderX16 emulator:

 ![cobra3d](docs/source/_static/cobra3d.png)
-
-
-Performance comparison with various C compilers
-----------------------------------------------
-
-Here is a performance comparison with various C compilers for the 6502/C64 so you can get
-an idea of how Prog8 stacks up.
-
-[comparison](benchmark-c/benchmark.md)
-
-
-Agent context instructions
--------------------------
-
-[Agent context instructions](AGENTS.md)
-
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# C-Bench-64 comparison
-
-Several benchmarks of https://thred.github.io/c-bench-64/
-have been ported to equivalent Prog8 code and the benchmark results have been penciled in in the graphs below.
-Because they use the CIA timer for measuring the duration of the runs, the code only works on a C64.
-
-Maybe one day I'll try to integrate the prog8 data properly but their benchmark site is comparing C compilers, which Prog8 clearly is not.
-
-However conclusions so far (note: these are micro benchmarks so interpret the results as you will!)
-
-* Prog8 program size is consistently one of the smallest.
-* Prog8 execution speed places it more or less in the middle of the stack.
-
-Measured with Prog8 V12.0 .
-Benchmarks ran on a PAL C64 emulated through VICE.
-
-textual results:
-
-| benchmark | size | time     |
-|-----------|------|----------|
-| crc8      | 1568 | 2.0 sec  |
-| crc16     | 1608 | 2.5 sec  |
-| crc32     | 1812 | 4.2 sec  |
-| pow       | 2152 | 11.7 sec |
-| sieve     | 1772 | 22.1 sec |
-| sieve_bit | 1918 | 40.1 sec |
-
-
-![crc8](result-crc8.png)
-
-![crc16](result-crc16.png)
-
-![crc32](result-crc32.png)
-
-![pow](result-pow.png)
-
-![sieve](result-sieve.png)
-
-![sieve-bit](result-sieve-bit.png)
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-
-cia {
-    ubyte freq
-    const ubyte CNT = 200
-
-    sub calibrate() {
-        txt.print("calibrating frequency: ")
-        tod_init(0)
-        txt.print_ub(tod_freq())
-        txt.print(" hz\n")
-        tod_reset()
-    }
-
-    sub print_time() {
-        uword t = tod_get10()
-        txt.print("(cia) time: ")
-        txt.print_uw(t / 10)
-        txt.chrout('.')
-        txt.print_uw(t % 10)
-        txt.print(" sec.\n")
-    }
-
-    sub tod_reset() {
-        ; set the tod to 0
-        c64.CIA2TODHR = 0
-        c64.CIA2TODMIN = 0
-        c64.CIA2TODSEC = 0
-        c64.CIA2TOD10 = 0
-    }
-
-    sub tod_get10() -> uword {
-        ubyte h, m, s, t
-        uword time
-        h = c64.CIA2TODHR
-        m = c64.CIA2TODMIN
-        s = c64.CIA2TODSEC
-        t = c64.CIA2TOD10
-        time = t
-        time += (s & $0f) * (10 as uword)
-        time += (s >> 4) * (100 as uword)
-        time += (m & $0f) * 600
-        time += (m >> 4) * 6000
-        return time
-    }
-
-    sub tod_init(ubyte f) {
-        if (f == 0)
-            freq = tod_detect_freq()
-        else
-            freq = f
-
-        if (freq == 50)
-            c64.CIA2CRA |= $80
-        else
-            c64.CIA2CRA &= $7f
-    }
-
-    sub tod_freq() -> ubyte {
-        return freq
-    }
-
-    sub tod_detect_freq() -> ubyte {
-        uword cbl
-
-        c64.CIA2CRB = $40  ; stop timer
-        c64.CIA2CRA = $80  ; stop timer
-
-        ; set ta to overflow every 10000 count (~= 10ms)
-        c64.CIA2TAL = $10
-        c64.CIA2TAH = $27
-        c64.CIA2TBL = CNT
-        c64.CIA2TBH = 0
-
-        tod_reset()
-
-        c64.CIA2CRB = $41  ; input from tim1 overflow, continuous, start timer
-        c64.CIA2CRA = $81  ; start timer, continuous tod 50HZ
-
-
-        while c64.CIA2TODSEC == 0 {
-            ; wait for tod to count 1s
-        }
-
-        ;  cal=CIA2.ta_lo;
-        ;  cah=CIA2.ta_hi;
-        cbl = c64.CIA2TBL
-        ;  cbh=CIA2.tb_hi;
-
-        ;  printf("count2 = %d %d %d %d\n",cah, cal, cbh, cbl);
-        ;  printf("elapsed ~= %d0ms\n",CNT-cbl);
-
-        if CNT - cbl > 90
-            return 50
-        else
-            return 60
-    }
-}
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import ciatimer
-
-; note: Prog8 has a complete CRC16 routine in its library: math.crc16
-
-
-main {
-    sub start() {
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cia.calibrate()
-        test.benchmark_name()
-        test.benchmark()
-        void test.benchmark_check()
-        cia.print_time()
-        repeat {}
-    }    
-}
-
-test {
-
-    const uword EXPECTED = $ffd0
-    uword crc_result
-
-    sub benchmark_name()
-    {
-        txt.print("crc16.p8\n")
-        txt.print("Calculates the CRC16 of the C64 Kernal\n")
-    }
-
-    sub benchmark()
-    {
-        crc_result = CRC16($e000, $2000)
-    }
-    
-    sub benchmark_check() -> bool
-    {
-        txt.print("CRC=")
-        txt.print_uwhex(crc_result, true)
-
-        if crc_result == EXPECTED
-        {
-            txt.print(" [OK]\n")
-            return false
-        }
-
-        txt.print(" [FAIL] - expected ")
-        txt.print_uwhex(EXPECTED, true)
-        txt.nl()
-        return true
-    }
-    
-    sub CRC16(^^ubyte data, uword length) -> uword {
-        ; CRC-16/XMODEM
-        uword crc
-
-        repeat length
-        {
-            crc ^= mkword(@(data),0)     ; currently there's no easy way to affect only the MSB of the variable
-
-            repeat 8
-            {
-                crc <<=1
-                if_cs
-                    crc ^= $1021
-            }
-            data++
-        }
-        return crc
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import ciatimer
-
-; note: Prog8 has a complete CRC32 routine in its library: math.crc32
-
-
-main {
-    sub start() {
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cia.calibrate()
-        test.benchmark_name()
-        test.benchmark()
-        void test.benchmark_check()
-        cia.print_time()
-        repeat {}
-    }    
-}
-
-test {
-
-    const long EXPECTED = $e1fa84c6
-    long crc_result
-
-    sub benchmark_name()
-    {
-        txt.print("crc32.p8\n")
-        txt.print("Calculates the CRC32 of the C64 Kernal\n")
-    }
-
-    sub benchmark()
-    {
-        crc_result = CRC32($e000, $2000)
-    }
-    
-    sub benchmark_check() -> bool
-    {
-        txt.print("CRC=")
-        txt.print_ulhex(crc_result, true)
-
-        if crc_result == EXPECTED
-        {
-            txt.print(" [OK]\n")
-            return false
-        }
-
-        txt.print(" [FAIL] - expected ")
-        txt.print_ulhex(EXPECTED, true)
-        txt.nl()
-        return true
-    }
-    
-    sub CRC32(^^ubyte data, uword length) -> long {
-        ; CRC-32/CKSUM
-        long crc
-
-        repeat length
-        {
-            crc ^= (@(data) as long)<<24     ; currently there's no easy way to affect only the MSB of the variable
-
-            repeat 8
-            {
-                crc <<=1
-                if_cs
-                    crc ^= $04c11db7
-            }
-            data++
-        }
-        crc ^= $ffffffff
-        return crc
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import ciatimer
-
-
-main {
-    sub start() {
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cia.calibrate()
-        test.benchmark_name()
-        test.benchmark()
-        void test.benchmark_check()
-        cia.print_time()
-        repeat {}
-    }    
-}
-
-
-test {
-
-    sub benchmark_name()
-    {
-        txt.print("crc8.p8\n")
-        txt.print("Calculates the CRC8 of the C64 Kernal\n")
-    }
-
-    sub benchmark()
-    {
-        crc_result = CRC8($e000, $2000)
-    }
-    
-    sub benchmark_check() -> bool
-    {
-        txt.print("CRC=")
-        txt.print_ubhex(crc_result, true)
-
-        if crc_result == EXPECTED
-        {
-            txt.print(" [OK]\n")
-            return false
-        }
-
-        txt.print(" [FAIL] - expected ")
-        txt.print_ubhex(EXPECTED, true)
-        txt.nl()
-        return true
-    }
-    
-
-    const ubyte EXPECTED = $a2
-    ubyte crc_result
-
-    sub CRC8(^^ubyte data, uword length) -> ubyte
-    {
-        ; CRC-8/GSM-A
-        ubyte crc
-
-        repeat length
-        {
-            crc ^= @(data)
-
-            repeat 8
-            {
-                if (crc & $80) != 0
-                    crc = (crc << 1) ^ $1d
-                else
-                    crc <<= 1
-            }
-            data++
-        }
-        return crc
-    }
-}
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import floats
-%import ciatimer
-
-
-main {
-    sub start() {
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cia.calibrate()
-        test.benchmark_name()
-        test.benchmark()
-        void test.benchmark_check()
-        cia.print_time()
-        repeat {}
-    }    
-}
-
-test {
-
-    const ubyte N_ITER = 10
-    const ubyte SIZE = 32
-    float[SIZE] array
-
-    const float expected = 3614007361536.000000
-    const float epsilon = 10000000
-    float res
-
-    sub benchmark_name()
-    {
-        txt.print("pow.p8\n")
-        txt.print("Calculates floating point exponential (")
-        txt.print_uw(N_ITER)
-        txt.print(" iterations)\n")
-    }
-
-    sub benchmark()
-    {
-        ubyte i,j
-        res = 0
-        
-        for j in 0 to SIZE-1 {
-            array[j]=0
-        }
-
-        for i in 0 to N_ITER-1 {
-            for j in 0 to SIZE-1 {
-                array[j] += testpow(2.5 / ((i + 1) as float), j)
-            }
-        }
-        
-        for j in 0 to SIZE-1 {
-            res += array[j]
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub testpow(float x, ubyte y) -> float
-    {
-        float tmp = x
-    
-        if y == 0
-            return 1
-    
-        repeat y-1
-            tmp *= x
-    
-        return tmp
-    }
-
-
-    sub benchmark_check() -> bool
-    {
-        txt.print("res      = ")
-        txt.print_f(res)
-        float diff = expected - res;
-        txt.print("\nexpected = ")
-        txt.print_f(expected)
-        txt.print("\nepsilon  = ")
-        txt.print_f(epsilon)
-        txt.print("\ndiff     = ")
-        txt.print_f(diff)
-
-        if (diff < epsilon and diff > -epsilon)
-        {
-            txt.print(" [OK]\n")
-            return false
-        }
-
-        txt.print("[FAIL]\n")
-        return true
-    }
-    
-
-}
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import ciatimer
-
-
-main {
-    sub start() {
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cia.calibrate()
-        test.benchmark_name()
-        test.benchmark()
-        void test.benchmark_check()
-        cia.print_time()
-        repeat {}
-    }    
-}
-
-
-test {
-    const ubyte N_ITER = 10
-    const uword SIZE = 8191
-    const uword EXPECTED = 1900
-    uword prime_count
-    ^^bool @zp flags = memory("flags", SIZE, 0)
-
-    sub benchmark_name()
-    {
-        txt.print("sieve.c\n")
-        txt.print("Calculates the primes from 1 to ")
-        txt.print_uw(SIZE * 2 + 2)
-        txt.print(" (")
-        txt.print_ub(N_ITER)
-        txt.print(" iterations)\n")
-    }
-
-    sub benchmark()
-    {
-        repeat N_ITER
-            prime_count = sieve(SIZE)
-    }
-    
-    sub benchmark_check() -> bool
-    {
-        txt.print("count=")
-        txt.print_uw(prime_count)
-
-        if prime_count == EXPECTED
-        {
-            txt.print(" [OK]\n")
-            return false
-        }
-
-        txt.print(" [FAIL] - expected ")
-        txt.print_uw(EXPECTED)
-        txt.nl()
-        return true
-    }
-
-    
-    sub sieve(uword size) -> uword 
-    {
-        uword i, prime, k
-        uword count = 1
-
-        for i in 0 to size-1
-            flags[i] = true
-
-        for i in 0 to size-1 
-        {
-            if flags[i]
-            {
-                prime = i + i + 3
-                k = i + prime
-                while k < size
-                {
-                    flags[k] = false
-                    k += prime
-                }
-                count++
-            }
-        }
-    
-        return count
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import ciatimer
-
-
-main {
-    sub start() {
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cia.calibrate()
-        test.benchmark_name()
-        test.benchmark()
-        void test.benchmark_check()
-        cia.print_time()
-        repeat {}
-    }    
-}
-
-
-test {
-    const ubyte N_ITER = 4
-    const uword SIZE = 16000
-    const uword EXPECTED = 3432
-    uword prime_count
-    ^^ubyte @zp flags = memory("flags", SIZE/8+1, 0)
-
-    sub benchmark_name()
-    {
-        txt.print("sieve_bit.p8\n")
-        txt.print("Calculates the primes from 1 to ")
-        txt.print_uw(SIZE * 2 + 2)
-        txt.print(" (")
-        txt.print_ub(N_ITER)
-        txt.print(" iterations)\n")
-    }
-
-    sub benchmark()
-    {
-        repeat N_ITER
-            prime_count = sieve(SIZE)
-    }
-    
-    sub benchmark_check() -> bool
-    {
-        txt.print("count=")
-        txt.print_uw(prime_count)
-
-        if prime_count == EXPECTED
-        {
-            txt.print(" [OK]\n")
-            return false
-        }
-
-        txt.print(" [FAIL] - expected ")
-        txt.print_uw(EXPECTED)
-        txt.nl()
-        return true
-    }
-
-    ubyte[] bitv = [
-        $01,    
-        $02,
-        $04,
-        $08,
-        $10,
-        $20,
-        $40,
-        $80
-    ]
-
-    sub check_flag(uword idx) -> bool
-    {
-        return flags[idx / 8] & bitv[lsb(idx) & 7] != 0
-    }
-
-    sub clear_flag(uword idx)
-    {
-        flags[idx / 8] &= ~(bitv[lsb(idx) & 7])
-    }
-
-    
-    sub sieve(uword size) -> uword 
-    {
-        uword i, prime, k
-        uword count=1
-    
-        for i in 0 to (size / 8)
-            flags[i] = $ff
-
-        for i in 0 to size-1
-        {
-            if check_flag(i)
-            {
-                prime = i + i + 3
-                k = i + prime;
-                while k < size
-                {
-                    clear_flag(k)
-                    k += prime
-                }
-                count++
-            }
-        }
-
-   
-        return count
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-.PHONY:  clean run
-
-run:
-	prog8c -target cx16 benchmark.p8
-	x16emu -run -prg benchmark.prg -warp
-
-clean:
-	rm -f *.prg *.PRG *.asm *.vice-* *.BIN *.PAL *.zip *.7z
-
-
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import math
-
-rotate3d {
-    const ubyte WIDTH = 40
-    const ubyte HEIGHT = 30
-
-    sub benchmark(uword max_time) -> uword {
-
-        uword anglex
-        uword angley
-        uword anglez
-        uword frames
-
-        txt.nl()
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            matrix_math.rotate_vertices(msb(anglex), msb(angley), msb(anglez))
-            draw_edges()   ; doesn't really draw anything in the benchmark, but does do the screen calculations
-            anglex+=500
-            angley+=215
-            anglez+=453
-            frames++
-        }
-
-        return frames
-    }
-
-    sub draw_edges() {
-
-        ; plot the points of the 3d cube
-        ; first the points on the back, then the points on the front (painter algorithm)
-
-        ubyte @zp i
-        word @zp rz
-        word @zp persp
-        byte @shared sx
-        byte @shared sy
-
-        for i in 0 to len(matrix_math.xcoor)-1 {
-            rz = matrix_math.rotatedz[i]
-            if rz >= 10 {
-                persp = 600 + rz/64
-                sx = matrix_math.rotatedx[i] / persp as byte + WIDTH/2
-                sy = matrix_math.rotatedy[i] / persp as byte + HEIGHT/2
-                ;; txt.setcc(sx as ubyte, sy as ubyte, 46, 7)
-            }
-        }
-
-        for i in 0 to len(matrix_math.xcoor)-1 {
-            rz = matrix_math.rotatedz[i]
-            if rz < 10 {
-                persp = 600 + rz/64
-                sx = matrix_math.rotatedx[i] / persp as byte + WIDTH/2
-                sy = matrix_math.rotatedy[i] / persp as byte + HEIGHT/2
-                ;; txt.setcc(sx as ubyte, sy as ubyte, 81, 7)
-            }
-        }
-
-        txt.chrout('.')
-    }
-}
-
-matrix_math {
-    ; vertices
-    word[] xcoor = [ -40, -40, -40, -40,  40,  40,  40, 40 ]
-    word[] ycoor = [ -40, -40,  40,  40, -40, -40,  40, 40 ]
-    word[] zcoor = [ -40,  40, -40,  40, -40,  40, -40, 40 ]
-
-    ; storage for rotated coordinates
-    word[len(xcoor)] rotatedx
-    word[len(ycoor)] rotatedy
-    word[len(zcoor)] rotatedz
-
-    sub rotate_vertices(ubyte ax, ubyte ay, ubyte az) {
-        ; rotate around origin (0,0,0)
-
-        ; set up the 3d rotation matrix values
-        word wcosa = math.cos8(ax)
-        word wsina = math.sin8(ax)
-        word wcosb = math.cos8(ay)
-        word wsinb = math.sin8(ay)
-        word wcosc = math.cos8(az)
-        word wsinc = math.sin8(az)
-
-        word wcosa_sinb = wcosa*wsinb / 128
-        word wsina_sinb = wsina*wsinb / 128
-
-        word Axx = wcosa*wcosb / 128
-        word Axy = (wcosa_sinb*wsinc - wsina*wcosc) / 128
-        word Axz = (wcosa_sinb*wcosc + wsina*wsinc) / 128
-        word Ayx = wsina*wcosb / 128
-        word Ayy = (wsina_sinb*wsinc + wcosa*wcosc) / 128
-        word Ayz = (wsina_sinb*wcosc - wcosa*wsinc) / 128
-        word Azx = -wsinb
-        word Azy = wcosb*wsinc / 128
-        word Azz = wcosb*wcosc / 128
-
-        ubyte @zp i
-        for i in 0 to len(xcoor)-1 {
-            ; don't normalize by dividing by 128, instead keep some precision for perspective calc later
-            rotatedx[i] = Axx*xcoor[i] + Axy*ycoor[i] + Axz*zcoor[i]
-            rotatedy[i] = Ayx*xcoor[i] + Ayy*ycoor[i] + Ayz*zcoor[i]
-            rotatedz[i] = Azx*xcoor[i] + Azy*ycoor[i] + Azz*zcoor[i]
-        }
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-adpcm {
-
-    sub decode_benchmark(uword max_time) -> uword {
-        uword num_blocks
-        txt.nl()
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            adpcm.init(0,0)
-            uword @requirezp nibbles_ptr = $0800 ; for benchmark purposes, the exact nibbles don't really matter, so we just take this benchmark program itself as input
-            repeat 252/2 {
-                unroll 2 {
-                    ubyte @zp nibble = @(nibbles_ptr)
-                    adpcm.decode_nibble(nibble & 15)     ; first word  (note: upper nibble needs to be zero!)
-                    adpcm.decode_nibble(nibble>>4)       ; second word  (note: upper nibble is zero, after the shifts.)
-                    nibbles_ptr++
-                }
-            }
-            num_blocks++
-            txt.chrout('.')
-        }
-
-        return num_blocks
-    }
-
-    ; IMA ADPCM decoder.  Supports mono and stereo streams.
-
-    byte[] t_index = [ -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8]
-    uword[] t_step = [
-            7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
-            16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31,
-            34, 37, 41, 45, 50, 55, 60, 66,
-            73, 80, 88, 97, 107, 118, 130, 143,
-            157, 173, 190, 209, 230, 253, 279, 307,
-            337, 371, 408, 449, 494, 544, 598, 658,
-            724, 796, 876, 963, 1060, 1166, 1282, 1411,
-            1552, 1707, 1878, 2066, 2272, 2499, 2749, 3024,
-            3327, 3660, 4026, 4428, 4871, 5358, 5894, 6484,
-            7132, 7845, 8630, 9493, 10442, 11487, 12635, 13899,
-            15289, 16818, 18500, 20350, 22385, 24623, 27086, 29794,
-            32767]
-
-    uword @requirezp predict       ; decoded 16 bit pcm sample for first channel.
-    ubyte @requirezp index
-    uword @requirezp pstep
-
-    sub init(uword startPredict, ubyte startIndex) {
-        ; initialize first decoding channel.
-        predict = startPredict
-        index = startIndex
-        pstep = t_step[index]
-    }
-
-    sub decode_nibble(ubyte @zp nibble) {
-        ; Decoder for a single nibble for the first channel. (value of 'nibble' needs to be strictly 0-15 !)
-        ; This is the hotspot of the decoder algorithm!
-        ; Note that the generated assembly from this is pretty efficient,
-        ; rewriting it by hand in asm seems to improve it only ~10%.
-        cx16.r0s = 0                ; difference
-        if nibble & %0100 !=0
-            cx16.r0s += pstep
-        pstep >>= 1
-        if nibble & %0010 !=0
-            cx16.r0s += pstep
-        pstep >>= 1
-        if nibble & %0001 !=0
-            cx16.r0s += pstep
-        pstep >>= 1
-        cx16.r0s += pstep
-        if nibble & %1000 !=0
-            predict -= cx16.r0
-        else
-            predict += cx16.r0
-
-        ; NOTE: the original C/Python code uses a 32 bits prediction value and clips it to a 16 bit word
-        ;       but for speed reasons we only work with 16 bit words here all the time (with possible clipping error)
-        ; if predicted > 32767:
-        ;    predicted = 32767
-        ; elif predicted < -32767:
-        ;    predicted = - 32767
-
-        index += t_index[nibble] as ubyte
-        if_neg
-            index = 0
-        else if index >= len(t_step)-1
-            index = len(t_step)-1
-        pstep = t_step[index]
-    }
-}
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-; Binary Search Tree.
-; It's a simple implementation for test/demonstration purposes of the pointer support;
-; no balancing is done and memory is not freed when elements are removed.
-
-%import textio
-
-btree {
-
-    sub benchmark(uword max_time) -> uword {
-        txt.nl()
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-        uword score
-        while cbm.RDTIM16() < max_time {
-            bench_operations()
-            txt.chrout('.')
-            score++
-        }
-        txt.nl()
-        return score
-    }
-
-    sub bench_operations() {
-        arena.freeall()
-        btree.root = 0
-
-        for cx16.r0 in [321, 719, 194, 550, 187, 203, 520, 562, 221, 676, 97, 852, 273, 326, 589, 606, 275, 794, 63, 716]
-            btree.add(cx16.r0)
-
-        cx16.r0L = btree.size()
-        btree.process_tree_inorder()
-        btree.process_tree_preorder()
-
-        void btree.contains(203)
-        void btree.contains(204)
-        void btree.contains(605)
-        void btree.contains(606)
-
-        btree.remove(9999)
-        btree.remove(97)
-        btree.remove(187)
-        btree.remove(203)
-        btree.remove(275)
-        btree.remove(321)
-        btree.remove(520)
-        btree.remove(562)
-        btree.remove(606)
-        btree.remove(719)
-        btree.remove(794)
-
-        cx16.r0L = btree.size()
-        btree.process_tree_inorder()
-        btree.process_tree_preorder()
-    }
-
-    struct Node {
-        ^^Node left
-        ^^Node right
-        uword value
-    }
-
-    ^^Node root = 0
-
-    sub add(uword value) {
-        ^^Node node = arena.alloc(sizeof(Node))
-        node.value = value
-        node.left = node.right = 0
-
-        if root==0
-            root=node
-        else {
-            ^^Node parent = root
-            repeat {
-                if parent.value >= value {
-                    if parent.left!=0
-                        parent = parent.left
-                    else {
-                        parent.left = node
-                        return
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if parent.right!=0
-                        parent = parent.right
-                    else {
-                        parent.right = node
-                        return
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub contains(uword value) -> bool {
-        ^^Node r = root
-        while r!=0 {
-            if r.value==value
-                return true
-            if r.value>value
-                r = r.left
-            else
-                r = r.right
-        }
-        return false
-    }
-
-    sub size() -> ubyte {
-        ubyte count
-
-        if root!=0
-            count_node(root)
-
-        return count
-
-        sub count_node(^^Node r) {
-            count++
-            if r.left!=0 {
-                pushw(r)
-                count_node(r.left)
-                r = popw()
-            }
-            if r.right!=0 {
-                pushw(r)
-                count_node(r.right)
-                r = popw()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub remove(uword value) {
-        ; note: we don't deallocate the memory from the node, for simplicity sake
-        ^^Node n = root
-        ^^Node parent = 0
-        while n!=0 {
-            if n.value==value {
-                if n.left==0
-                    replacechild(parent, n, n.right)
-                else if n.right==0
-                    replacechild(parent, n, n.left)
-                else {
-                    ; Both left & right subtrees are present.
-                    ; N = node to delete.
-                    ;    Find N's successor S. (N's right subtree's minimum element)
-                    ;    Attach N's left subtree to S.left (S doesn't have a left child)
-                    ;    Attach N's right subtree to Parent in place of N.
-                    ^^Node successor = find_successor(n)
-                    successor.left = n.left
-                    replacechild(parent, n, n.right)
-                }
-                return
-            }
-            parent = n
-            if n.value>value
-                n = n.left
-            else
-                n = n.right
-        }
-
-        sub find_successor(^^Node p) -> ^^Node {
-            ^^Node succ = p
-            p = p.right
-            while p!=0 {
-                succ = p
-                p = p.left
-            }
-            return succ
-        }
-
-        sub replacechild(^^Node p, ^^Node child, ^^Node newchild) {
-            if p.left==child
-                p.left = newchild
-            else
-                p.right = newchild
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    sub process_tree_inorder() {
-        if root!=0
-            process_tree(root)
-
-        sub process_tree(^^Node r) {
-            if r.left!=0 {
-                pushw(r)
-                process_tree(r.left)
-                r = popw()
-            }
-            cx16.r0 = r.value
-            if r.right!=0 {
-                pushw(r)
-                process_tree(r.right)
-                r = popw()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    sub process_tree_preorder() {
-        if root!=0
-            process_tree(root,0)
-
-        sub process_tree(^^Node r, ubyte depth) {
-            cx16.r0 = r.value
-            if r.left!=0 {
-                pushw(r)
-                push(depth)
-                process_tree(r.left, depth+1)
-                depth = pop()
-                r = popw()
-            }
-            if r.right!=0 {
-                pushw(r)
-                push(depth)
-                process_tree(r.right, depth+1)
-                depth = pop()
-                r = popw()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-arena {
-    ; extremely trivial arena allocator (that never frees)
-    uword buffer = memory("arena", 2000, 0)
-    uword next = buffer
-
-    sub alloc(ubyte size) -> uword {
-        defer next += size
-        return next
-    }
-
-    sub freeall() {
-        next = buffer
-    }
-}
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-%import gfx_lores
-%import math
-
-circles {
-    const ubyte MAX_NUM_CIRCLES = 80
-    const ubyte GROWTH_RATE = 4
-    uword[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] circle_x
-    uword[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] circle_y
-    ubyte[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] circle_radius
-    ubyte color
-    uword total_num_circles
-
-    sub draw(bool use_kernal, uword max_time) -> uword {
-        if use_kernal
-            cx16.set_screen_mode(128)
-        else
-            gfx_lores.graphics_mode()
-
-        math.rndseed(12345,6789)
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-
-        total_num_circles = 0
-        color = 16
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            if use_kernal {
-                cx16.GRAPH_set_colors(0,0,0)
-                cx16.GRAPH_clear()
-            }
-            else
-                gfx_lores.clear_screen(0)
-            total_num_circles += draw_circles(use_kernal, max_time)
-        }
-
-        if use_kernal
-            cx16.set_screen_mode(3)
-        else {
-            gfx_lores.text_mode()
-        }
-
-        return total_num_circles
-    }
-
-    sub draw_circles(bool use_kernal, uword max_time) -> uword {
-        uword @zp x
-        uword @zp y
-        ubyte @zp radius
-
-        ubyte num_circles
-
-        while num_circles<MAX_NUM_CIRCLES and cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            x = math.rndw() % 320
-            y = math.rndw() % 240
-            radius = GROWTH_RATE
-            if not_colliding() {
-                while not_edge() and not_colliding() {
-                    radius += GROWTH_RATE
-                }
-                radius -= GROWTH_RATE
-                if radius>0 {
-                    color++
-                    if color==0
-                        color=16
-                    if use_kernal {
-                        cx16.GRAPH_set_colors(color, 255-color, 0)
-                        cx16.GRAPH_draw_oval(x-radius, y-radius, radius*2, radius*2, true)
-                    }
-                    else
-                        gfx_lores.disc(x, y as ubyte, radius, color)
-                    circle_x[num_circles] = x
-                    circle_y[num_circles] = y
-                    circle_radius[num_circles] = radius
-                    num_circles++
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return num_circles
-
-        sub not_colliding() -> bool {
-            if num_circles==0
-                return true
-            ubyte @zp c
-            for c in 0 to num_circles-1 {
-                if distance(c) < (radius as uword) + circle_radius[c]
-                    return false
-            }
-            return true
-        }
-
-        sub distance(ubyte cix) -> uword {
-            word dx = x as word - circle_x[cix]
-            word dy = y as word - circle_y[cix]
-            uword sqx = dx*dx as uword
-            uword sqy = dy*dy as uword
-            return sqrt(sqx + sqy)
-        }
-
-        sub not_edge() -> bool {
-            if x as word - radius < 0
-                return false
-            if x + radius >= 320
-                return false
-            if y as word - radius < 0
-                return false
-            if y + radius >= 240
-                return false
-            return true
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-; conway's game of life.
-
-%import math
-%import textio
-
-life {
-    const ubyte WIDTH = 40
-    const ubyte HEIGHT = 30
-    const uword STRIDE = $0002+WIDTH
-    uword world1 = memory("world1", (WIDTH+2)*(HEIGHT+2), 0)
-    uword world2 = memory("world2", (WIDTH+2)*(HEIGHT+2), 0)
-    uword @requirezp active_world = world1
-
-   sub benchmark(uword max_time) -> uword {
-        txt.clear_screen()
-        sys.memset(world1, (WIDTH+2)*(HEIGHT+2), 0)
-        sys.memset(world2, (WIDTH+2)*(HEIGHT+2), 0)
-
-        set_start_gen()
-
-        uword gen
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            next_gen()
-            gen++
-        }
-
-        return gen
-    }
-
-    sub set_start_gen() {
-
-; some way to set a custom start generation:
-;        str start_gen = "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "          **    " +
-;                        "        *    *  " +
-;                        "       *        " +
-;                        "       *     *  " +
-;                        "       ******   " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "                " +
-;                        "               "
-;
-;        for y in 0 to 15 {
-;            for x in 0 to 15 {
-;                if start_gen[y*16 + x]=='*'
-;                    active_world[offset + x] = 1
-;            }
-;            offset += STRIDE
-;        }
-
-        ; randomize whole world
-        math.rndseed(12345,9999)
-        uword offset = STRIDE+1
-        ubyte x
-        repeat HEIGHT {
-            for x in 0 to WIDTH-1 {
-                active_world[offset+x] = math.rnd() & 1
-            }
-            offset += STRIDE
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub next_gen() {
-        const ubyte DXOFFSET = 0
-        const ubyte DYOFFSET = 0
-        ubyte[2] cell_chars = [sc:' ', sc:'●']
-
-        uword @requirezp new_world = world1
-        if active_world == world1
-            new_world = world2
-
-        ; To avoid re-calculating word index lookups into the new- and active world arrays,
-        ; we calculate the required pointer values upfront.
-        ; Inside the loop we can use ptr+x just fine (results in efficient LDA (ptr),Y instruction because x is a byte type),
-        ; and for each row we simply add the stride to the pointer.
-        ; It's more readable to use active_world[offset] etc, but offset is a word value, and this produces
-        ; inefficient assembly code because we can't use a register indexed mode in this case. Costly inside a loop.
-
-        uword @requirezp new_world_ptr = new_world + STRIDE+1-DXOFFSET
-        uword @requirezp active_world_ptr = active_world + STRIDE+1-DXOFFSET
-
-        ubyte x
-        ubyte y
-        for y in DYOFFSET to HEIGHT+DYOFFSET-1 {
-
-            cx16.vaddr_autoincr(1, $b000 + 256*y, 0, 2)     ;  allows us to use simple Vera data byte assigns later instead of setchr() calls
-
-            for x in DXOFFSET to WIDTH+DXOFFSET-1 {
-                ; count the living neighbors
-                ubyte cell = @(active_world_ptr + x)
-                uword @requirezp ptr = active_world_ptr + x - STRIDE - 1
-                ubyte neighbors = @(ptr) + @(ptr+1) + @(ptr+2) +
-                                  @(ptr+STRIDE) + cell + @(ptr+STRIDE+2) +
-                                  @(ptr+STRIDE*2) + @(ptr+STRIDE*2+1) + @(ptr+STRIDE*2+2)
-
-                ; apply game of life rules
-                if neighbors==3
-                    cell=1
-                else if neighbors!=4
-                    cell=0
-                @(new_world_ptr + x) = cell
-
-                ; draw new cell
-                ; txt.setchr(x,y,cell_chars[cell])
-                cx16.VERA_DATA0 = cell_chars[cell]
-            }
-            active_world_ptr += STRIDE
-            new_world_ptr += STRIDE
-        }
-
-        active_world = new_world
-    }
-}
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import floats
-
-mandelbrot {
-    const ubyte width = 39
-    const ubyte height = 29
-    const ubyte max_iter = 15
-
-    sub calc(uword max_time) -> uword  {
-        uword num_pixels
-        ubyte pixelx
-        ubyte pixely
-
-        txt.home()
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16() < max_time {
-            for pixely in 0 to height-1 {
-                float yy = (pixely as float)/0.40/height - 1.3
-
-                for pixelx in 0 to width-1 {
-                    float xx = (pixelx as float)/0.32/width - 2.2
-
-                    float xsquared = 0.0
-                    float ysquared = 0.0
-                    float x = 0.0
-                    float y = 0.0
-                    ubyte iter = 0
-
-                    while iter<max_iter and xsquared+ysquared<4.0 {
-                        y = x*y*2.0 + yy
-                        x = xsquared - ysquared + xx
-                        xsquared = x*x
-                        ysquared = y*y
-                        iter++
-                    }
-                    txt.color2(1, max_iter-iter)
-                    txt.spc()
-                    num_pixels++
-
-                    if cbm.RDTIM16()>=max_time
-                        goto finished
-                }
-                txt.nl()
-            }
-
-            txt.clear_screen()
-        }
-
-finished:
-        txt.color2(1, 6)
-        return num_pixels
-    }
-}
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import math
-
-; Even though prog8 only has support for extremely limited recursion,
-; you can write recursive algorithms with a bit of extra work by building your own explicit stack structure.
-; This program shows a depth-first maze generation algorithm (1 possible path from start to finish),
-; and a depth-first maze solver algorithm, both using a stack to store the path taken.
-
-; Note: this program can be compiled for multiple target systems.
-
-maze {
-    uword score
-
-    sub bench(uword max_time) -> uword {
-        txt.nl()
-        score=0
-        math.rndseed(2345,44332)
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            maze.initialize()
-            maze.drawStartFinish()
-            if maze.generate(max_time) {
-                maze.openpassages()
-                maze.drawStartFinish()
-                if maze.solve(max_time) {
-                    maze.drawStartFinish()
-                } else break
-            } else break
-        }
-
-        return score
-    }
-
-    const uword screenwidth = 40
-    const uword screenheight = 30
-
-    const ubyte numCellsHoriz = (screenwidth-1) / 2
-    const ubyte numCellsVert = (screenheight-1) / 2
-
-    ; maze start and finish cells
-    const ubyte startCx = 0
-    const ubyte startCy = 0
-    const ubyte finishCx = numCellsHoriz-1
-    const ubyte finishCy = numCellsVert-1
-
-    ; cell properties
-    const ubyte STONE = 128
-    const ubyte WALKED = 64
-    const ubyte BACKTRACKED = 32
-    const ubyte UP = 1
-    const ubyte RIGHT = 2
-    const ubyte DOWN = 4
-    const ubyte LEFT = 8
-    const ubyte WALLCOLOR = 12
-    const ubyte EMPTYCOLOR = 0
-
-    ; unfortunately on larger screens (cx16), the number of cells exceeds 256 and doesn't fit in a regular array anymore.
-    uword cells = memory("cells", numCellsHoriz*numCellsVert, 0)
-
-    ubyte[256] cx_stack
-    ubyte[256] cy_stack
-    ubyte stackptr
-
-    ubyte[4] directionflags = [LEFT,RIGHT,UP,DOWN]
-
-    sub generate(uword max_time) -> bool {
-        ubyte cx = startCx
-        ubyte cy = startCy
-
-        stackptr = 0
-        @(celladdr(cx,cy)) &= ~STONE
-        drawCell(cx, cy)
-        uword cells_to_carve = numCellsHoriz * numCellsVert - 1
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-carve_restart_after_repath:
-            ubyte direction = choose_uncarved_direction()
-            if direction==0 {
-                ;backtrack
-                stackptr--
-                if stackptr==255 {
-                    ; stack empty.
-                    ; repath if we are not done yet. (this is a workaround for the prog8 256 array lenght limit)
-                    if cells_to_carve!=0 {
-                        if repath()
-                            goto carve_restart_after_repath
-                    }
-                    return true
-                }
-                cx = cx_stack[stackptr]
-                cy = cy_stack[stackptr]
-            } else {
-                cx_stack[stackptr] = cx
-                cy_stack[stackptr] = cy
-                stackptr++
-                if stackptr==0 {
-                    ; stack overflow, we can't track our path any longer.
-                    ; repath if we are not done yet. (this is a workaround for the prog8 256 array lenght limit)
-                    if cells_to_carve!=0 {
-                        if repath()
-                            goto carve_restart_after_repath
-                    }
-                    return true
-                }
-                @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= direction
-                when direction {
-                    UP -> {
-                        cy--
-                        @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= DOWN
-                    }
-                    RIGHT -> {
-                        cx++
-                        @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= LEFT
-
-                        score++
-                    }
-                    DOWN -> {
-                        cy++
-                        @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= UP
-                    }
-                    LEFT -> {
-                        cx--
-                        @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= RIGHT
-                    }
-                }
-                @(celladdr(cx,cy)) &= ~STONE
-                cells_to_carve--
-                drawCell(cx, cy)
-            }
-        }
-        return false
-
-        sub repath() -> bool {
-            ; repath: try to find a new start cell with possible directions.
-            ; we limit our number of searches so that the algorith doesn't get stuck
-            ; for too long on bad rng... just accept a few unused cells in that case.
-            repeat 255 {
-                do {
-                    cx = math.rnd() % numCellsHoriz
-                    cy = math.rnd() % numCellsVert
-                } until @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & STONE ==0
-                if available_uncarved()!=0
-                    return true
-            }
-            return false
-        }
-
-        sub available_uncarved() -> ubyte {
-            ubyte candidates = 0
-            if cx>0 and @(celladdr(cx-1, cy)) & STONE !=0
-                candidates |= LEFT
-            if cx<numCellsHoriz-1 and @(celladdr(cx+1, cy)) & STONE !=0
-                candidates |= RIGHT
-            if cy>0 and @(celladdr(cx, cy-1)) & STONE !=0
-                candidates |= UP
-            if cy<numCellsVert-1 and @(celladdr(cx, cy+1)) & STONE !=0
-                candidates |= DOWN
-            return candidates
-        }
-
-        sub choose_uncarved_direction() -> ubyte {
-            ubyte candidates =  available_uncarved()
-            if candidates==0
-                return 0
-
-            repeat {
-                ubyte choice = candidates & directionflags[math.rnd() & 3]
-                if choice!=0
-                    return choice
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub openpassages() {
-        ; open just a few extra passages, so that multiple routes are possible in theory.
-        ubyte numpassages
-        ubyte cx
-        ubyte cy
-        do {
-            do {
-                cx = math.rnd() % (numCellsHoriz-2) + 1
-                cy = math.rnd() % (numCellsVert-2) + 1
-            } until @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & STONE ==0
-            ubyte direction = directionflags[math.rnd() & 3]
-            if @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & direction == 0 {
-                when direction {
-                    LEFT -> {
-                        if @(celladdr(cx-1,cy)) & STONE == 0 {
-                            @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= LEFT
-                            drawCell(cx,cy)
-                            numpassages++
-                        }
-                    }
-                    RIGHT -> {
-                        if @(celladdr(cx+1,cy)) & STONE == 0 {
-                            @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= RIGHT
-                            drawCell(cx,cy)
-                            numpassages++
-                        }
-                    }
-                    UP -> {
-                        if @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & STONE == 0 {
-                            @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= UP
-                            drawCell(cx,cy)
-                            numpassages++
-                        }
-                    }
-                    DOWN -> {
-                        if @(celladdr(cx,cy+1)) & STONE == 0 {
-                            @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= DOWN
-                            drawCell(cx,cy)
-                            numpassages++
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } until numpassages==10
-    }
-
-    sub solve(uword max_time) -> bool {
-        ubyte cx = startCx
-        ubyte cy = startCy
-        const uword max_path_length = 1024
-
-        ; the path through the maze can be longer than 256 so doesn't fit in a regular array.... :(
-        uword pathstack = memory("pathstack", max_path_length, 0)
-        uword pathstackptr = 0
-
-        @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= WALKED
-        ; txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2+1, 81, 1)
-
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-solve_loop:
-            if cx==finishCx and cy==finishCy {
-                ;txt.home()
-                txt.print("found! path length: ")
-                txt.print_uw(pathstackptr)
-                txt.nl()
-                return true
-            }
-
-            ubyte cell = @(celladdr(cx,cy))
-            if cell & UP!=0 and @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
-                @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = UP
-                ;txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2, 81, 3)
-                cy--
-            }
-            else if cell & DOWN !=0 and @(celladdr(cx,cy+1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
-                @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = DOWN
-                ;txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2+2, 81, 3)
-                cy++
-            }
-            else if cell & LEFT !=0 and @(celladdr(cx-1,cy)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
-                @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = LEFT
-                ;txt.setcc(cx*2, cy*2+1, 81, 3)
-                cx--
-            }
-            else if cell & RIGHT !=0 and @(celladdr(cx+1,cy)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
-                @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = RIGHT
-                ;txt.setcc(cx*2+2, cy*2+1, 81, 3)
-                cx++
-            }
-            else {
-                ; dead end, pop stack
-                pathstackptr--
-                if pathstackptr==65535 {
-                    txt.print("no solution?!\n")
-                    return true
-                }
-                @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= BACKTRACKED
-                ;txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2+1, 81, 2)
-                when @(pathstack + pathstackptr) {
-                    UP -> {
-                        ;txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2+2, 81, 9)
-                        cy++
-                    }
-                    DOWN -> {
-                        ;txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2, 81, 9)
-                        cy--
-                    }
-                    LEFT -> {
-                        ;txt.setcc(cx*2+2, cy*2+1, 81, 9)
-                        cx++
-                    }
-                    RIGHT -> {
-                        ;txt.setcc(cx*2, cy*2+1, 81, 9)
-                        cx--
-
-                        score++
-                    }
-                }
-                goto solve_loop
-            }
-            pathstackptr++
-            if pathstackptr==max_path_length {
-                txt.print("stack overflow, path too long\n")
-                return true
-            }
-            @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= WALKED
-            ;txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2+1, 81, 1)
-        }
-        return false
-    }
-
-    sub celladdr(ubyte cx, ubyte cy) -> uword {
-        return cells+(numCellsHoriz as uword)*cy+cx
-    }
-
-    sub drawCell(ubyte cx, ubyte cy) {
-        return
-;        ubyte x = cx * 2 + 1
-;        ubyte y = cy * 2 + 1
-;        ubyte doors = @(celladdr(cx,cy))
-;        if doors & UP !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x, y-1, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-;        if doors & RIGHT !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x+1, y, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-;        if doors & DOWN !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x, y+1, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-;        if doors & LEFT !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x-1, y, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-;        if doors & STONE !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x, y, 160, WALLCOLOR)
-;        else
-;            txt.setcc(x, y, 32, EMPTYCOLOR)
-;
-;        if doors & WALKED !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x, y, 81, 1)
-;        if doors & BACKTRACKED !=0
-;            txt.setcc(x, y, 81, 2)
-    }
-
-    sub initialize() {
-        sys.memset(cells, numCellsHoriz*numCellsVert, STONE)
-        ; txt.fill_screen(160, WALLCOLOR)
-        drawStartFinish()
-    }
-
-    sub drawStartFinish() {
-        ; txt.setcc(startCx*2+1,startCy*2+1,sc:'s',5)
-        ; txt.setcc(finishCx*2+1, finishCy*2+1, sc:'f', 13)
-    }
-}
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-
-; Recursive N-Queens solver.
-; The problem is: find all possible ways to place 8 Queen chess pieces on a chess board, so that none of them attacks any other.
-; (this program prints all solutions without taking mirroring and flipping the chess board into account)
-; Note: this program can be compiled for multiple target systems.
-
-queens {
-    const ubyte NUMQUEENS=8
-    ubyte[NUMQUEENS] board
-
-    sub could_place(ubyte row, ubyte col) -> bool {
-        if row==0
-            return true
-        ubyte i
-        for i in 0 to row-1 {
-            if board[i]==col or board[i]-i==col-row or board[i]+i==col+row
-                return false
-        }
-        return true
-    }
-
-    uword solution_count
-    uword maximum_duration
-
-    sub place_queen(ubyte row) -> bool {
-        if row == NUMQUEENS {
-            solution_count++
-            txt.chrout('.')
-            return cbm.RDTIM16()<maximum_duration
-        }
-        bool continue_running=true
-        ubyte col
-        for col in 0 to NUMQUEENS-1 {
-            if could_place(row, col) {
-                board[row] = col
-                ; we need to save the local variables row and col.
-                push(row)
-                push(col)
-                continue_running = place_queen(row + 1)
-                ; restore the local variables after the recursive call.
-                col = pop()
-                row = pop()
-                board[row] = 0
-
-                if not continue_running
-                    break
-            }
-        }
-        return continue_running
-    }
-
-    sub bench(uword max_time) -> uword {
-        solution_count = 0
-        maximum_duration = max_time
-        txt.nl()
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-        while cbm.RDTIM16() < maximum_duration {
-            void place_queen(0)
-        }
-        return solution_count
-    }
-}
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-%import sprites
-%import coroutines
-%import math
-
-
-animsprites {
-    uword num_iterations
-    ubyte[64] sx
-    ubyte[64] sy
-    ubyte[64] sc
-    ubyte[64] dx
-    ubyte[64] dy
-    uword maximum_duration
-
-    sub benchmark(uword max_duration) -> uword {
-        maximum_duration = max_duration
-        math.rndseed(1122,9876)
-        cx16.set_screen_mode(3)
-        cx16.mouse_config2(1)
-        sprites.set_mousepointer_hand()
-        repeat 64
-            void coroutines.add(animsprite, 0)
-        cx16.mouse_config2(0)
-
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-        coroutines.run(supervisor)
-
-        sprites.reset(0, 64)
-        return num_iterations
-    }
-
-    sub supervisor() -> bool {
-        if cbm.RDTIM16() >= maximum_duration {
-            coroutines.killall()
-            return false
-        }
-        return true
-    }
-
-    sub animsprite() {
-        num_iterations++
-        ; set up the sprite
-        ubyte sprnum = coroutines.current()
-        cx16.r6L, cx16.r7 = sprites.get_data_ptr(0)
-        sprites.init(sprnum, cx16.r6L, cx16.r7, sprites.SIZE_16, sprites.SIZE_16, sprites.COLORS_256, 0)
-        sx[sprnum] = math.rnd()
-        sy[sprnum] = math.rnd()
-        sc[sprnum] = math.rnd()
-        dx[sprnum] = if math.rnd()&1 == 1  1 else 255
-        dy[sprnum] = if math.rnd()&1 == 1  1 else 255
-
-        ; move the sprite around
-        while sc[sprnum]!=0 {
-            animate(sprnum)
-            void coroutines.yield()
-            sprnum = coroutines.current()
-        }
-
-        sub animate(ubyte spr) {
-            defer sc[spr]--
-            sprites.pos(spr, sx[spr], sy[spr])
-            sx[spr] += dx[spr]
-            sy[spr] += dy[spr]
-        }
-
-        ; end the task but replace it with a fresh animated sprite task
-        void coroutines.add(animsprite, 0)
-    }
-}
@@ -1,989 +0,0 @@
-%import textio
-%import conv
-%import strings
-
-
-textelite {
-
-    const ubyte numforLave = 7      ;  Lave is 7th generated planet in galaxy one
-    const ubyte numforZaonce = 129
-    const ubyte numforDiso = 147
-    const ubyte numforRiedquat = 46
-    uword num_commands
-
-    sub bench(uword max_time) -> uword {
-        num_commands = 0
-        txt.lowercase()
-        cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-        while cbm.RDTIM16()<max_time {
-            reinit()
-            run_commands(max_time)
-        }
-        return num_commands
-    }
-
-    sub reinit() {
-        ;txt.clear_screen()
-        ;txt.print("\n --- TextElite v1.3 ---\n")
-        txt.print("\nnew game\n")
-        elite_planet.set_seed(0, 0)
-        elite_galaxy.travel_to(1, numforLave)
-        elite_market.init(0)  ;  Lave's market is seeded with 0
-        elite_ship.init()
-        elite_planet.display(false, 0)
-        input_index = 0
-    }
-
-    sub run_commands(uword max_time) {
-        while cbm.RDTIM16() < max_time {
-            str input = "????????"
-            ;txt.print("\nCash: ")
-            ;elite_util.print_10s(elite_ship.cash)
-            ;txt.print("\nCommand (?=help): ")
-            ubyte num_chars = next_input(input)
-            ;txt.nl()
-            if num_chars!=0 {
-                when input[0] {
-                    'q' -> {
-                        bool has_error = false
-                        if elite_galaxy.number != 2 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: galaxy is not 2: ")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_galaxy.number)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_planet.number != 164 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: planet is not 164: ")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_planet.number)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_planet.x != 116 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: planet.x is not 116: ")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_planet.x)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_planet.y != 201 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: planet.y is not 201: ")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_planet.y)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if "ribeen" != elite_planet.name {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: planet.name is not 'ribeen': ")
-                            txt.print(elite_planet.name)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_ship.cash != 1212 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: cash is not 1212: ")
-                            txt.print_uw(elite_ship.cash)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_ship.fuel != 50 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: fuel is not 50:")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_ship.fuel)
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_ship.cargohold[0] != 3 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: food is not 3:")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_ship.cargohold[0])
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if elite_ship.cargohold[1] != 0 {
-                            txt.print("\nERROR: textiles is not 0:")
-                            txt.print_ub(elite_ship.cargohold[1])
-                            txt.nl()
-                            has_error=true
-                        }
-                        if has_error
-                            sys.exit(1)
-                        return
-                    }
-                    'b' -> elite_trader.do_buy()
-                    's' -> elite_trader.do_sell()
-                    'f' -> elite_trader.do_fuel()
-                    'j' -> elite_trader.do_jump()
-                    't' -> elite_trader.do_teleport()
-                    'g' -> elite_trader.do_next_galaxy()
-                    'i' -> elite_trader.do_info()
-                    'm' -> {
-                        if input[1]=='a' and input[2]=='p'
-                            elite_trader.do_map()
-                        else
-                            elite_trader.do_show_market()
-                    }
-                    'l' -> elite_trader.do_local()
-                    'c' -> elite_trader.do_cash()
-                    'h' -> elite_trader.do_hold()
-                }
-                num_commands++
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    str[] inputs = [
-        "i",
-        "diso",
-        "i",
-        "lave",
-        "m",
-        "b",
-        "food",
-        "15",
-        "map",
-        "g",
-        "map",
-        "l",
-        "j",
-        "zao",
-        "s",
-        "food",
-        "12",
-        "tele",
-        "quti",
-        "tele",
-        "aro",
-        "i",
-        "diso",
-        "i",
-        "lave",
-        "i",
-        "zao",
-        "galhyp",
-        "fuel",
-        "20",
-        "j",
-        "rib",
-        "i",
-        "rib",
-        "i",
-        "tiri",
-        "q",
-        0
-    ]
-
-    ubyte input_index
-
-    sub next_input(str buffer) -> ubyte {
-        input_index++
-        return strings.copy(inputs[input_index], buffer)
-    }
-}
-
-elite_trader {
-    str input = "??????????"
-    ubyte num_chars
-
-    sub do_jump() {
-        ;txt.print("\nJump to what system? ")
-        jump_to_system()
-    }
-
-    sub do_teleport() {
-        ;txt.print("\nCheat! Teleport to what system? ")
-        ubyte fuel = elite_ship.fuel
-        elite_ship.fuel = 255
-        jump_to_system()
-        elite_ship.fuel = fuel
-    }
-
-    sub jump_to_system() {
-        void textelite.next_input(input)
-        ubyte current_planet = elite_planet.number
-        ubyte x = elite_planet.x
-        ubyte y = elite_planet.y
-        if elite_galaxy.search_closest_planet(input) {
-            ubyte distance = elite_planet.distance(x, y)
-            if distance <= elite_ship.fuel {
-                elite_galaxy.init_market_for_planet()
-                elite_ship.fuel -= distance
-                ;txt.print("\n\nHyperspace jump! Arrived at:\n")
-                elite_planet.display(true,0 )
-                return
-            }
-            ;txt.print("\nInsufficient fuel\n")
-        } else {
-            ;txt.print(" Not found!\n")
-        }
-        elite_galaxy.travel_to(elite_galaxy.number, current_planet)
-    }
-
-    sub do_buy() {
-        ;txt.print("\nBuy what commodity? ")
-        str commodity = "???????????????"
-        void textelite.next_input(commodity)
-        ubyte ci = elite_market.match(commodity)
-        if ci & 128 !=0 {
-            txt.print("Unknown\n")
-        } else {
-            ;txt.print("\nHow much? ")
-            void textelite.next_input(input)
-            ubyte amount = conv.str2ubyte(input)
-            if elite_market.current_quantity[ci] < amount {
-                txt.print(" Insufficient supply!\n")
-            } else {
-                uword price = elite_market.current_price[ci] * amount
-                ;txt.print(" Total price: ")
-                ;elite_util.print_10s(price)
-                if price > elite_ship.cash {
-                    txt.print(" Not enough cash!\n")
-                } else {
-                    elite_ship.cash -= price
-                    elite_ship.cargohold[ci] += amount
-                    elite_market.current_quantity[ci] -= amount
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub do_sell() {
-        ;txt.print("\nSell what commodity? ")
-        str commodity = "???????????????"
-        void textelite.next_input(commodity)
-        ubyte ci = elite_market.match(commodity)
-        if ci & 128 !=0 {
-            txt.print("Unknown\n")
-        } else {
-            ;txt.print("\nHow much? ")
-            void textelite.next_input(input)
-            ubyte amount = conv.str2ubyte(input)
-            if elite_ship.cargohold[ci] < amount {
-                txt.print(" Insufficient supply!\n")
-            } else {
-                uword price = elite_market.current_price[ci] * amount
-                ;txt.print(" Total price: ")
-                ;elite_util.print_10s(price)
-                elite_ship.cash += price
-                elite_ship.cargohold[ci] -= amount
-                elite_market.current_quantity[ci] += amount
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub do_fuel() {
-        ;txt.print("\nBuy fuel. Amount? ")
-        void textelite.next_input(input)
-        ubyte buy_fuel = 10*conv.str2ubyte(input)
-        ubyte max_fuel = elite_ship.Max_fuel - elite_ship.fuel
-        if buy_fuel > max_fuel
-            buy_fuel = max_fuel
-        uword price = buy_fuel as uword * elite_ship.Fuel_cost
-        if price > elite_ship.cash {
-            txt.print("Not enough cash!\n")
-        } else {
-            elite_ship.cash -= price
-            elite_ship.fuel += buy_fuel
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub do_cash() {
-        ;txt.print("\nCheat! Set cash amount: ")
-        void textelite.next_input(input)
-        elite_ship.cash = conv.str2uword(input)
-    }
-
-    sub do_hold() {
-        ;txt.print("\nCheat! Set cargohold size: ")
-        void textelite.next_input(input)
-        elite_ship.Max_cargo = conv.str2ubyte(input)
-    }
-
-    sub do_next_galaxy() {
-        txt.print("\n>>>>> Galaxy Hyperjump!\n")
-        elite_galaxy.travel_to(elite_galaxy.number+1, elite_planet.number)
-        elite_planet.display(false, 0)
-    }
-
-    sub do_info() {
-        ;txt.print("\nSystem name (empty=current): ")
-        num_chars = textelite.next_input(input)
-        if num_chars!=0 {
-            ubyte current_planet = elite_planet.number
-            ubyte x = elite_planet.x
-            ubyte y = elite_planet.y
-            if elite_galaxy.search_closest_planet(input) {
-                ubyte distance = elite_planet.distance(x, y)
-                elite_planet.display(false, distance)
-            } else {
-                ;txt.print(" Not found!")
-            }
-            elite_galaxy.travel_to(elite_galaxy.number, current_planet)
-        } else {
-            elite_planet.display(false, 0)
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub do_local() {
-        elite_galaxy.local_area()
-    }
-
-    sub do_map() {
-        ;txt.print("\n(l)ocal or (g)alaxy starmap? ")
-        num_chars = textelite.next_input(input)
-        if num_chars!=0 {
-            elite_galaxy.starmap(input[0]=='l')
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub do_show_market() {
-        elite_market.display()
-        ;txt.print("\nFuel: ")
-        ;elite_util.print_10s(elite_ship.fuel)
-        ;txt.print("   Cargohold space: ")
-        ;txt.print_ub(elite_ship.cargo_free())
-        ;txt.print("t\n")
-    }
-}
-
-elite_ship {
-    const ubyte Max_fuel = 70
-    const ubyte Fuel_cost = 2
-    ubyte Max_cargo = 20
-
-    ubyte fuel
-    uword cash
-    ubyte[17] cargohold
-
-    sub init() {
-        sys.memset(cargohold, len(cargohold), 0)
-        fuel = Max_fuel
-        cash = 1000
-    }
-}
-
-elite_market {
-    ubyte[17] baseprices = [$13, $14, $41, $28, $53, $C4, $EB, $9A, $75, $4E, $7C, $B0, $20, $61, $AB, $2D, $35]
-    byte[17] gradients = [-$02, -$01, -$03, -$05, -$05, $08, $1D, $0E, $06, $01, $0d, -$09, -$01, -$01, -$02, -$01, $0F]
-    ubyte[17] basequants = [$06, $0A, $02, $E2, $FB, $36, $08, $38, $28, $11, $1D, $DC, $35, $42, $37, $FA, $C0]
-    ubyte[17] maskbytes = [$01, $03, $07, $1F, $0F, $03, $78, $03, $07, $1F, $07, $3F, $03, $07, $1F, $0F, $07]
-    str[17] names = ["Food", "Textiles", "Radioactives", "Slaves", "Liquor/Wines", "Luxuries", "Narcotics", "Computers",
-                     "Machinery", "Alloys", "Firearms", "Furs", "Minerals", "Gold", "Platinum", "Gem-Stones", "Alien Items"]
-
-    ubyte[17] current_quantity
-    uword[17] current_price
-
-    sub init(ubyte fluct) {
-        ; Prices and availabilities are influenced by the planet's economy type
-        ; (0-7) and a random "fluctuation" byte that was kept within the saved
-        ; commander position to keep the market prices constant over gamesaves.
-        ; Availabilities must be saved with the game since the player alters them
-        ; by buying (and selling(?))
-        ;
-        ; Almost all commands are one byte only and overflow "errors" are
-        ; extremely frequent and exploited.
-        ;
-        ; Trade Item prices are held internally in a single byte=true value/4.
-        ; The decimal point in prices is introduced only when printing them.
-        ; Internally, all prices are integers.
-        ; The player's cash is held in four bytes.
-        ubyte ci
-        for ci in 0 to len(names)-1 {
-            word product
-            byte changing
-            product = elite_planet.economy as word * gradients[ci]
-            changing = fluct & maskbytes[ci]  as byte
-            ubyte q = (basequants[ci] as word + changing - product) as ubyte
-            if q & $80 !=0
-                q = 0  ; clip to positive 8-bit
-            current_quantity[ci] = q & $3f
-            q = (baseprices[ci] + changing + product) as ubyte
-            current_price[ci] = q * $0004
-        }
-        current_quantity[16] = 0        ; force nonavailability of Alien Items
-    }
-
-    sub display() {
-        return
-;        ubyte ci
-;        txt.nl()
-;        elite_planet.print_name_uppercase()
-;        txt.print(" trade market:\n    COMMODITY / PRICE / AVAIL / IN HOLD\n")
-;        for ci in 0 to len(names)-1 {
-;            elite_util.print_right(13, names[ci])
-;            txt.print("   ")
-;            elite_util.print_10s(current_price[ci])
-;            txt.column(24)
-;            txt.print_ub(current_quantity[ci])
-;            txt.chrout(' ')
-;            when units[ci] {
-;                0 -> txt.chrout('t')
-;                1 -> txt.print("kg")
-;                2 -> txt.chrout('g')
-;            }
-;            txt.column(32)
-;            txt.print_ub(elite_ship.cargohold[ci])
-;            txt.nl()
-;        }
-    }
-
-    sub match(uword nameptr) -> ubyte {
-        ubyte ci
-        for ci in 0 to len(names)-1 {
-            if elite_util.prefix_matches(nameptr, names[ci])
-                return ci
-        }
-        return 255
-    }
-}
-
-elite_galaxy {
-    const uword GALSIZE = 256
-    const uword base0 = $5A4A       ; seeds for the first galaxy
-    const uword base1 = $0248
-    const uword base2 = $B753
-
-    str pn_pairs = "..lexegezacebisousesarmaindirea.eratenberalavetiedorquanteisrion"
-
-    ubyte number
-
-    uword[3] seed
-
-    sub init(ubyte galaxynum) {
-        number = 1
-        elite_planet.number = 255
-        seed[0] = base0
-        seed[1] = base1
-        seed[2] = base2
-        repeat galaxynum-1 {
-            nextgalaxy()
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub nextgalaxy() {
-        textelite.num_commands++
-
-        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
-        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
-        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
-        number++
-        if number==9
-            number = 1
-    }
-
-    sub travel_to(ubyte galaxynum, ubyte system) {
-        init(galaxynum)
-        generate_next_planet()   ; always at least planet 0  (separate to avoid repeat ubyte overflow)
-        repeat system {
-            generate_next_planet()
-            textelite.num_commands++
-        }
-        void strings.copy(make_current_planet_name(), elite_planet.name)
-        init_market_for_planet()
-    }
-
-    sub init_market_for_planet() {
-        elite_market.init(lsb(seed[0])+msb(seed[2]))
-    }
-
-    sub search_closest_planet(uword nameptr) -> bool {
-        textelite.num_commands++
-
-        ubyte x = elite_planet.x
-        ubyte y = elite_planet.y
-        ubyte current_planet_num = elite_planet.number
-
-        init(number)
-        bool found = false
-        ubyte current_closest_pi
-        ubyte current_distance = 127
-        ubyte pi
-        for pi in 0 to 255 {
-            generate_next_planet()
-            void strings.copy(make_current_planet_name(), elite_planet.name)
-            if elite_util.prefix_matches(nameptr, elite_planet.name) {
-                ubyte distance = elite_planet.distance(x, y)
-                if distance < current_distance {
-                    current_distance = distance
-                    current_closest_pi = pi
-                    found = true
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if found
-            travel_to(number, current_closest_pi)
-        else
-            travel_to(number, current_planet_num)
-
-        return found
-    }
-
-    sub local_area() {
-        ubyte current_planet = elite_planet.number
-        ubyte px = elite_planet.x
-        ubyte py = elite_planet.y
-        ubyte pn = 0
-
-        init(number)
-;        txt.print("\nGalaxy #")
-;        txt.print_ub(number)
-;        txt.print(" - systems in vicinity:\n")
-        do {
-            generate_next_planet()
-            ubyte distance = elite_planet.distance(px, py)
-            if distance <= elite_ship.Max_fuel {
-;                if distance <= elite_ship.fuel
-;                    txt.chrout('*')
-;                else
-;                    txt.chrout('-')
-;                txt.spc()
-                void strings.copy(make_current_planet_name(), elite_planet.name)
-                elite_planet.display(true, distance)
-            }
-            pn++
-        } until pn==0
-
-        travel_to(number, current_planet)
-    }
-
-    sub starmap(bool local) {
-        ubyte current_planet = elite_planet.number
-        ubyte px = elite_planet.x
-        ubyte py = elite_planet.y
-        str current_name = "        "       ; 8 max
-        ubyte pn = 0
-
-        void strings.copy(elite_planet.name, current_name)
-        init(number)
-;        txt.clear_screen()
-;        txt.print("Galaxy #")
-;        txt.print_ub(number)
-;        if local
-;            txt.print(" - local systems")
-;        else
-;            txt.print(" - galaxy")
-;        txt.print(" starmap:\n")
-        ubyte max_distance = 255
-        if local
-            max_distance = elite_ship.Max_fuel
-        ubyte home_sx
-        ubyte home_sy
-        ubyte home_distance
-
-        do {
-            generate_next_planet()
-            ubyte distance = elite_planet.distance(px, py)
-            if distance <= max_distance {
-                void strings.copy(make_current_planet_name(), elite_planet.name)
-                elite_planet.name[0] = strings.upperchar(elite_planet.name[0])
-                uword tx = elite_planet.x
-                uword ty = elite_planet.y
-                if local {
-                    tx = tx + 24 - px
-                    ty = ty + 24 - py
-                }
-                ubyte sx = display_scale_x(tx)
-                ubyte sy = display_scale_y(ty)
-                ubyte char = '*'
-                if elite_planet.number==current_planet
-                    char = '%'
-                if local {
-                    print_planet_details(elite_planet.name, sx, sy, distance)
-                } else if elite_planet.number==current_planet {
-                    home_distance = distance
-                    home_sx = sx
-                    home_sy = sy
-                }
-                ; txt.setchr(2+sx, 2+sy, char)
-            }
-            pn++
-        } until pn==0
-
-        if not local
-            print_planet_details(current_name, home_sx, home_sy, home_distance)
-
-;        if local
-;            txt.plot(0, display_scale_y(64) + 4)
-;        else
-;            txt.plot(0, display_scale_y(256) + 4 as ubyte)
-        travel_to(number, current_planet)
-
-        sub print_planet_details(str name, ubyte screenx, ubyte screeny, ubyte d) {
-            return
-;            txt.plot(2+screenx-2, 2+screeny+1)
-;            txt.print(name)
-;            if d!=0 {
-;                txt.plot(2+screenx-2, 2+screeny+2)
-;                elite_util.print_10s(d)
-;                txt.print(" LY")
-;            }
-        }
-
-        sub display_scale_x(uword x) -> ubyte {
-            if local
-                return x/2 as ubyte
-            return x/8 as ubyte
-        }
-
-        sub display_scale_y(uword y) -> ubyte {
-            if local
-                return y/4 as ubyte
-            return y/16 as ubyte
-        }
-    }
-
-    ubyte pn_pair1
-    ubyte pn_pair2
-    ubyte pn_pair3
-    ubyte pn_pair4
-    bool longname
-
-    sub generate_next_planet() {
-        determine_planet_properties()
-        longname = lsb(seed[0]) & 64 !=0
-
-        ; Always four iterations of random number
-        pn_pair1 = (msb(seed[2]) & 31) * 2
-        tweakseed()
-        pn_pair2 = (msb(seed[2]) & 31) * 2
-        tweakseed()
-        pn_pair3 = (msb(seed[2]) & 31) * 2
-        tweakseed()
-        pn_pair4 = (msb(seed[2]) & 31) * 2
-        tweakseed()
-    }
-
-    sub make_current_planet_name() -> str {
-        ubyte ni = 0
-        str name = "         "    ; max 8
-
-        if pn_pairs[pn_pair1] != '.' {
-            name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair1]
-            ni++
-        }
-        if pn_pairs[pn_pair1+1] != '.' {
-            name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair1+1]
-            ni++
-        }
-        if pn_pairs[pn_pair2] != '.' {
-            name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair2]
-            ni++
-        }
-        if pn_pairs[pn_pair2+1] != '.' {
-            name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair2+1]
-            ni++
-        }
-        if pn_pairs[pn_pair3] != '.' {
-            name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair3]
-            ni++
-        }
-        if pn_pairs[pn_pair3+1] != '.' {
-            name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair3+1]
-            ni++
-        }
-
-        if longname {
-            if pn_pairs[pn_pair4] != '.' {
-                name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair4]
-                ni++
-            }
-            if pn_pairs[pn_pair4+1] != '.' {
-                name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair4+1]
-                ni++
-            }
-        }
-
-        name[ni] = 0
-        return name
-    }
-
-    sub determine_planet_properties() {
-        ; create the planet's characteristics
-        elite_planet.number++
-        elite_planet.x = msb(seed[1])
-        elite_planet.y = msb(seed[0])
-        elite_planet.govtype = lsb(seed[1]) >> 3 & 7  ; bits 3,4 &5 of w1
-        elite_planet.economy = msb(seed[0]) & 7  ; bits 8,9 &A of w0
-        if elite_planet.govtype <= 1
-            elite_planet.economy = (elite_planet.economy | 2)
-        elite_planet.techlevel = (msb(seed[1]) & 3) + (elite_planet.economy ^ 7)
-        elite_planet.techlevel += elite_planet.govtype >> 1
-        if elite_planet.govtype & 1 !=0
-            elite_planet.techlevel++
-        elite_planet.population = 4 * elite_planet.techlevel + elite_planet.economy
-        elite_planet.population += elite_planet.govtype + 1
-        elite_planet.productivity = ((elite_planet.economy ^ 7) + 3) * (elite_planet.govtype + 4)
-        elite_planet.productivity *= elite_planet.population * 8
-        ubyte seed2_msb = msb(seed[2])
-        elite_planet.radius = mkword((seed2_msb & 15) + 11, elite_planet.x)
-        elite_planet.species_is_alien = lsb(seed[2]) & 128 !=0      ; bit 7 of w2_lo
-        if elite_planet.species_is_alien {
-            elite_planet.species_size = (seed2_msb >> 2) & 7      ; bits 2-4 of w2_hi
-            elite_planet.species_color = seed2_msb >> 5           ; bits 5-7 of w2_hi
-            elite_planet.species_look = (seed2_msb ^ msb(seed[1])) & 7   ;bits 0-2 of (w0_hi EOR w1_hi)
-            elite_planet.species_kind = (elite_planet.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
-        }
-
-        elite_planet.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
-        elite_planet.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
-        elite_planet.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
-        elite_planet.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
-    }
-
-    sub tweakseed() {
-        uword temp = seed[0] + seed[1] + seed[2]
-        seed[0] = seed[1]
-        seed[1] = seed[2]
-        seed[2] = temp
-    }
-
-    sub twist(uword x) -> uword {
-        ubyte xh = msb(x)
-        ubyte xl = lsb(x)
-        xh <<= 1        ; make sure carry flag is not used on first shift!
-        rol(xl)
-        return mkword(xh, xl)
-    }
-}
-
-elite_planet {
-    str[] @nosplit words81 = ["fabled", "notable", "well known", "famous", "noted"]
-    str[] @nosplit words82 = ["very", "mildly", "most", "reasonably", ""]
-    str[] @nosplit words83 = ["ancient", "\x95", "great", "vast", "pink"]
-    str[] @nosplit words84 = ["\x9E \x9D plantations", "mountains", "\x9C", "\x94 forests", "oceans"]
-    str[] @nosplit words85 = ["shyness", "silliness", "mating traditions", "loathing of \x86", "love for \x86"]
-    str[] @nosplit words86 = ["food blenders", "tourists", "poetry", "discos", "\x8E"]
-    str[] @nosplit words87 = ["talking tree", "crab", "bat", "lobst", "\xB2"]
-    str[] @nosplit words88 = ["beset", "plagued", "ravaged", "cursed", "scourged"]
-    str[] @nosplit words89 = ["\x96 civil war", "\x9B \x98 \x99s", "a \x9B disease", "\x96 earthquakes", "\x96 solar activity"]
-    str[] @nosplit words8A = ["its \x83 \x84", "the \xB1 \x98 \x99", "its inhabitants' \x9A \x85", "\xA1", "its \x8D \x8E"]
-    str[] @nosplit words8B = ["juice", "brandy", "water", "brew", "gargle blasters"]
-    str[] @nosplit words8C = ["\xB2", "\xB1 \x99", "\xB1 \xB2", "\xB1 \x9B", "\x9B \xB2"]
-    str[] @nosplit words8D = ["fabulous", "exotic", "hoopy", "unusual", "exciting"]
-    str[] @nosplit words8E = ["cuisine", "night life", "casinos", "sit coms", " \xA1 "]
-    str[] @nosplit words8F = ["\xB0", "The planet \xB0", "The world \xB0", "This planet", "This world"]
-    str[] @nosplit words90 = ["n unremarkable", " boring", " dull", " tedious", " revolting"]
-    str[] @nosplit words91 = ["planet", "world", "place", "little planet", "dump"]
-    str[] @nosplit words92 = ["wasp", "moth", "grub", "ant", "\xB2"]
-    str[] @nosplit words93 = ["poet", "arts graduate", "yak", "snail", "slug"]
-    str[] @nosplit words94 = ["tropical", "dense", "rain", "impenetrable", "exuberant"]
-    str[] @nosplit words95 = ["funny", "wierd", "unusual", "strange", "peculiar"]
-    str[] @nosplit words96 = ["frequent", "occasional", "unpredictable", "dreadful", "deadly"]
-    str[] @nosplit words97 = ["\x82 \x81 for \x8A", "\x82 \x81 for \x8A and \x8A", "\x88 by \x89", "\x82 \x81 for \x8A but \x88 by \x89", "a\x90 \x91"]
-    str[] @nosplit words98 = ["\x9B", "mountain", "edible", "tree", "spotted"]
-    str[] @nosplit words99 = ["\x9F", "\xA0", "\x87oid", "\x93", "\x92"]
-    str[] @nosplit words9A = ["ancient", "exceptional", "eccentric", "ingrained", "\x95"]
-    str[] @nosplit words9B = ["killer", "deadly", "evil", "lethal", "vicious"]
-    str[] @nosplit words9C = ["parking meters", "dust clouds", "ice bergs", "rock formations", "volcanoes"]
-    str[] @nosplit words9D = ["plant", "tulip", "banana", "corn", "\xB2weed"]
-    str[] @nosplit words9E = ["\xB2", "\xB1 \xB2", "\xB1 \x9B", "inhabitant", "\xB1 \xB2"]
-    str[] @nosplit words9F = ["shrew", "beast", "bison", "snake", "wolf"]
-    str[] @nosplit wordsA0 = ["leopard", "cat", "monkey", "goat", "fish"]
-    str[] @nosplit wordsA1 = ["\x8C \x8B", "\xB1 \x9F \xA2", "its \x8D \xA0 \xA2", "\xA3 \xA4", "\x8C \x8B"]
-    str[] @nosplit wordsA2 = ["meat", "cutlet", "steak", "burgers", "soup"]
-    str[] @nosplit wordsA3 = ["ice", "mud", "Zero-G", "vacuum", "\xB1 ultra"]
-    str[] @nosplit wordsA4 = ["hockey", "cricket", "karate", "polo", "tennis"]
-
-    uword[] @shared wordlists = [
-        words81, words82, words83, words84, words85, words86, words87, words88,
-        words89, words8A, words8B, words8C, words8D, words8E, words8F, words90,
-        words91, words92, words93, words94, words95, words96, words97, words98,
-        words99, words9A, words9B, words9C, words9D, words9E, words9F, wordsA0,
-        wordsA1, wordsA2, wordsA3, wordsA4]
-
-    str pairs0 = "abouseitiletstonlonuthnoallexegezacebisousesarmaindirea.eratenbe"
-
-    ubyte[4] goatsoup_rnd = [0, 0, 0, 0]
-    ubyte[4] goatsoup_seed = [0, 0, 0, 0]
-
-    str name = "        "       ; 8 max
-    ubyte number                ; starts at 0 in new galaxy, then increases by 1 for each generated planet
-    ubyte x
-    ubyte y
-    ubyte economy
-    ubyte govtype
-    ubyte techlevel
-    ubyte population
-    uword productivity
-    uword radius
-    bool species_is_alien      ; otherwise "Human Colonials"
-    ubyte species_size
-    ubyte species_color
-    ubyte species_look
-    ubyte species_kind
-
-    sub set_seed(uword s1, uword s2) {
-        goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(s1)
-        goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(s1)
-        goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(s2)
-        goatsoup_seed[3] = msb(s2)
-        reset_rnd()
-    }
-
-    sub reset_rnd() {
-        goatsoup_rnd[0] = goatsoup_seed[0]
-        goatsoup_rnd[1] = goatsoup_seed[1]
-        goatsoup_rnd[2] = goatsoup_seed[2]
-        goatsoup_rnd[3] = goatsoup_seed[3]
-    }
-
-    sub random_name() -> str {
-        ubyte ii
-        str randname = "        "       ; 8 chars max
-        ubyte nx = 0
-        for ii in 0 to goatsoup_rnd_number() & 3 {
-            ubyte xx = goatsoup_rnd_number() & $3e
-            if pairs0[xx] != '.' {
-                randname[nx] = pairs0[xx]
-                nx++
-            }
-            xx++
-            if pairs0[xx] != '.' {
-                randname[nx] = pairs0[xx]
-                nx++
-            }
-        }
-        randname[nx] = 0
-        randname[0] = strings.upperchar(randname[0])
-        return randname
-    }
-
-    sub goatsoup_rnd_number() -> ubyte {
-        ubyte xx = goatsoup_rnd[0] * 2
-        uword a = xx as uword + goatsoup_rnd[2]
-        if goatsoup_rnd[0] > 127
-            a ++
-        goatsoup_rnd[0] = lsb(a)
-        goatsoup_rnd[2] = xx
-        xx = goatsoup_rnd[1]
-        ubyte ac = xx + goatsoup_rnd[3] + msb(a)
-        goatsoup_rnd[1] = ac
-        goatsoup_rnd[3] = xx
-        return ac
-    }
-
-    sub distance(ubyte px, ubyte py) -> ubyte {
-        uword ax
-        uword ay
-        if px>x
-            ax=px-x
-        else
-            ax=x-px
-        if py>y
-            ay=py-y
-        else
-            ay=y-py
-        ay /= 2
-        ubyte d = sqrt(ax*ax + ay*ay)
-        if d>63
-            return 255
-        return d*4
-    }
-
-    sub soup() -> str {
-        str planet_result = " " * 160
-        uword[6] source_stack
-        ubyte stack_ptr = 0
-        str start_source = "\x8F is \x97."
-        uword source_ptr = &start_source
-        uword result_ptr = &planet_result
-
-        reset_rnd()
-        recursive_soup()
-        return planet_result
-
-        sub recursive_soup() {
-            repeat {
-                ubyte c = @(source_ptr)
-                source_ptr++
-                if c == $00 {
-                    @(result_ptr) = 0
-                    return
-                }
-                else if c <= $80 {
-                    @(result_ptr) = c
-                    result_ptr++
-                }
-                else {
-                    if c <= $a4 {
-                        ubyte rnr = goatsoup_rnd_number()
-                        ubyte wordNr = ((rnr >= $33) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $66) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $99) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $CC) as ubyte)
-                        source_stack[stack_ptr] = source_ptr
-                        stack_ptr++
-                        source_ptr = getword(c, wordNr)
-                        recursive_soup()    ; RECURSIVE CALL - ignore the warning message from the compiler; we don't use local variables or parameters so we're safe in this case
-                        stack_ptr--
-                        source_ptr = source_stack[stack_ptr]
-                    } else {
-                        if c == $b0 {
-                            @(result_ptr) = strings.upperchar(name[0])
-                            result_ptr++
-                            concat_string(&name + 1)
-                        }
-                        else if c == $b1 {
-                            @(result_ptr) = strings.upperchar(name[0])
-                            result_ptr++
-                            ubyte ni
-                            for ni in 1 to len(name) {
-                                ubyte cc = name[ni]
-                                if cc in ['e', 'o', 0]
-                                    break
-                                else {
-                                    @(result_ptr) = cc
-                                    result_ptr++
-                                }
-                            }
-                            @(result_ptr) = 'i'
-                            result_ptr++
-                            @(result_ptr) = 'a'
-                            result_ptr++
-                            @(result_ptr) = 'n'
-                            result_ptr++
-                        }
-                        else if c == $b2 {
-                            concat_string(random_name())
-                        }
-                        else {
-                            @(result_ptr) = c
-                            result_ptr++
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        sub concat_string(uword str_ptr) {
-            repeat {
-                ubyte c = @(str_ptr)
-                if c==0
-                    break
-                else {
-                    @(result_ptr) = c
-                    str_ptr++
-                    result_ptr++
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sub display(bool compressed, ubyte distance) {
-        txt.print(soup())
-        txt.nl()
-    }
-
-    sub getword(ubyte listnum, ubyte wordidx) -> uword {
-        uword list = wordlists[listnum-$81]
-        return peekw(list + wordidx*2)
-    }
-}
-
-elite_util {
-    sub prefix_matches(uword prefixptr, uword stringptr) -> bool {
-        repeat {
-            ubyte pc = @(prefixptr)
-            ubyte sc = @(stringptr)
-            if pc == 0
-                return true
-            ; to lowercase for case insensitive compare:
-            if strings.lowerchar(pc)!=strings.lowerchar(sc)
-                return false
-            prefixptr++
-            stringptr++
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-
-;  This benchmark program is meant to check for regressions in the
-;  Prog8 compiler's code-generator (performance wise).
-;
-;  As the X16 computer is a more or less fixed system, it's not very useful
-;  to benchmark the computer itself with.
-
-
-%import textio
-%import b_adpcm
-%import b_circles
-%import b_3d
-%import b_life
-%import b_mandelbrot
-%import b_queens
-%import b_textelite
-%import b_maze
-%import b_sprites
-%import b_btree
-
-%zeropage basicsafe
-%option no_sysinit
-
-
-main {
-
-    str[20] benchmark_names
-    uword[20] benchmark_score
-    str version = "12.1"
-
-
-    sub start() {
-        ubyte benchmark_number
-
-        cx16.set_screen_mode(3)
-        txt.color2(1, 6)
-        txt.clear_screen()
-
-        txt.print("\n\n\n  prog8 compiler benchmark tests.\n\n  benchmark version ")
-        txt.print(version)
-        txt.print("\n\n")
-        sys.wait(120)
-
-        benchmark_number = 0
-
-        announce_benchmark("maze solver")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = maze.bench(300)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("n-queens")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = queens.bench(300)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("mandelbrot (floating point)")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = mandelbrot.calc(400)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("game of life")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = life.benchmark(300)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("3d model rotation")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = rotate3d.benchmark(300)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("adpcm audio decoding")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = adpcm.decode_benchmark(300)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("circles with gfx_lores")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = circles.draw(false, 400)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("text-elite")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = textelite.bench(120)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("sprites-coroutines-defer")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = animsprites.benchmark(300)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        announce_benchmark("btree-struct-pointers")
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = btree.benchmark(200)
-        benchmark_number++
-
-        benchmark_names[benchmark_number] = 0
-        benchmark_score[benchmark_number] = 0
-
-        cx16.set_screen_mode(3)
-        txt.uppercase()
-        txt.color2(1, 6)
-        uword total_score
-        benchmark_number = 0
-        txt.print("\nscore benchmark (")
-        txt.print(version)
-        txt.print(")\n\n")
-
-        do {
-            txt.spc()
-            txt.print_uw(benchmark_score[benchmark_number])
-            txt.column(6)
-            txt.print(benchmark_names[benchmark_number])
-            total_score += benchmark_score[benchmark_number]
-            txt.nl()
-            benchmark_number++
-        } until benchmark_names[benchmark_number]==0
-
-        txt.print("\n\ntotal score : ")
-        txt.print_uw(total_score)
-        txt.print(" (higher=better)\n")
-
-        sub announce_benchmark(str name) {
-            benchmark_names[benchmark_number] = name
-            cx16.set_screen_mode(3)
-            txt.uppercase()
-            txt.color2(1, 6)
-            txt.clear_screen()
-            txt.plot(4, 6)
-            txt.print(benchmark_names[benchmark_number])
-            txt.nl()
-            sys.wait(60)
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+plugins {
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "$kotlinVersion" apply false
+}
+
+allprojects {
+    repositories {
+        mavenLocal()
+        mavenCentral()
+    }
+}
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmDefaultMode
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
-
-
-plugins {
-    kotlin("jvm") version "2.3.21"
-}
-
-allprojects {
-    apply(plugin="kotlin")
-
-    repositories {
-        mavenLocal()
-        mavenCentral()
-        maven { url = uri("https://jitpack.io") }
-    }
-
-    kotlin {
-        compilerOptions {
-            freeCompilerArgs = listOf()
-            jvmTarget = JvmTarget.JVM_17
-            jvmDefault = JvmDefaultMode.NO_COMPATIBILITY
-            // languageVersion.set(KotlinVersion.KOTLIN_2_3)
-        }
-        sourceSets.all {
-            languageSettings {
-                // enable language features like so:
-                // enableLanguageFeature(LanguageFeature.WhenGuards.name)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    java {
-        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
-        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Common Configuration for All Subprojects
-// ============================================================================
-// This avoids duplication in each module's build.gradle.kts
-// ============================================================================
-
-subprojects {
-    // Common dependency exclusions for all subprojects
-    // Note: antlr4 exclusion is done per-module since parser module needs it
-    configurations.all {
-        exclude(group = "com.ibm.icu", module = "icu4j")
-    }
-
-    // Common test dependencies via Kotest BOM (Bill of Materials)
-    // This manages all Kotest module versions centrally
-    dependencies {
-        testImplementation(platform("io.kotest:kotest-bom:5.9.1"))
-        // implementation("com.github.irmen:ksim65:v2.1")
-    }
-
-    // Common sourceSets configuration
-    sourceSets {
-        main {
-            java.srcDir("${project.projectDir}/src")
-            resources.srcDir("${project.projectDir}/res")
-        }
-        test {
-            java.srcDir("${project.projectDir}/test")
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Common test configuration
-    tasks.withType<Test>().configureEach {
-        // Enable JUnit 5 (required for Kotest)
-        useJUnitPlatform()
-
-        // Enable concurrent test execution for Kotest
-        // Set parallelism to number of CPU cores
-        jvmArgs("-Dkotest.framework.parallelism=${Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()}")
-
-        // Disable Kotest autoscan warning
-        jvmArgs("-Dkotest.framework.classpath.scanning.autoscan.disable=true")
-
-        // Enable Gradle's parallel test execution (runs multiple test classes concurrently)
-        // Use 50% of available processors to avoid over-subscription
-        maxParallelForks = (Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2).coerceAtLeast(1)
-
-        // Allow filtering tests via -PtestFilter="*TestName*" from command line
-        // Example: gradle test -PtestFilter="*TestLookup*"
-        val testFilter = project.findProperty("testFilter")?.toString()
-        if(testFilter != null) {
-            filter {
-                includeTestsMatching(testFilter)
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Show test results - only show failures to reduce noise
-        testLogging {
-            events("failed")
-            // Show full exception details for failures
-            exceptionFormat = org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.logging.TestExceptionFormat.FULL
-            showExceptions = true
-            showCauses = true
-            showStackTraces = true
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+plugins {
+    id 'java'
+    id 'application'
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+}
+
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
+    }
+}
+
+compileKotlin {
+    kotlinOptions {
+        jvmTarget = javaVersion
+    }
+}
+
+compileTestKotlin {
+    kotlinOptions {
+        jvmTarget = javaVersion
+    }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    // should have no dependencies to other modules
+    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.16"
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/src"]
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// note: there are no unit tests in this module!
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-plugins {
-    kotlin("jvm")
-    `java-test-fixtures`
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    // should have no dependencies to other modules
-    implementation("com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.3.1")
-
-    testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5")
-    testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-framework-datatest")
-}
@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@
    <exclude-output />
    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
    </content>
    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" scope="TEST" name="io.kotest.framework.datatest" level="project" />
  </component>
-</module>
+</module>
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8
+package prog8.code

 /**
 * By convention, the right side of an `Either` is used to hold successful values.
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code
-
-import java.io.IOException
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.absolute
-
-
-const val INTERNED_STRINGS_MODULENAME = "prog8_interned_strings"
-
-val PROG8_CONTAINER_MODULES = arrayOf(INTERNED_STRINGS_MODULENAME)      // option to add more if needed one day
-
-// all automatically generated labels everywhere need to have the same label name prefix:
-const val GENERATED_LABEL_PREFIX = "p8_label_gen_"
-
-
-/**
- * Returns the absolute path of the given path,
- * where links are replaced by the actual directories,
- * and containing no redundant path elements.
- * If the path doesn't refer to an existing directory or file on the file system,
- * it is returned unchanged.
- */
-fun Path.sanitize(): Path {
-    return try {
-        this.toRealPath().normalize()
-    } catch (_: java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException) {
-        this.absolute().normalize()
-        //throw NoSuchFileException(this.toFile(), null, nx.reason).also { it.initCause(nx) }
-    } catch (iox: IOException) {
-        throw FileSystemException(this.toFile()).also { it.initCause(iox) }
-    }
-}
-
-
-object SymbolNames {
-    /**
-     * Strips Prog8 symbol prefixes (p8b_, p8t_, p8s_, p8v_, p8l_, p8c_) from a scoped name.
-     * Example: "p8b_plane.p8t_Point" -> "plane.Point"
-     * Used to compare names across different contexts where prefixes may or may not be applied.
-     * See https://github.com/irmen/prog8/issues/198
-     */
-    fun stripPrefixes(scopedName: String): String {
-        return scopedName.split('.')
-            .map { part ->
-                if(part.length > 4 && part.startsWith("p8") && part[2].isLetter() && part[3] == '_')
-                    part.drop(4)
-                else part
-            }
-            .joinToString(".")
-    }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNode
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+/**
+ * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
+ * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types), memoryslabs, and labels).
+ */
+class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GLOBAL, astProgram) {
+    /**
+     * The table as a flat mapping of scoped names to the StNode.
+     * This gives the fastest lookup possible (no need to traverse tree nodes)
+     */
+
+    private var cachedFlat: Map<String, StNode>? = null
+
+    val flat: Map<String, StNode> get()  {
+        if(cachedFlat!=null)
+            return cachedFlat!!
+
+        val result = mutableMapOf<String, StNode>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                result[child.value.scopedName] = child.value
+                collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        cachedFlat = result
+        return result
+    }
+
+    fun resetCachedFlat() {
+        cachedFlat = null
+    }
+
+    val allVariables: Collection<StStaticVariable> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StStaticVariable>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.STATICVAR)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StStaticVariable)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    val allMemMappedVariables: Collection<StMemVar> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemVar>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMVAR)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemVar)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    val allMemorySlabs: Collection<StMemorySlab> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemorySlab>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemorySlab)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    override fun lookup(scopedName: String) = flat[scopedName]
+}
+
+
+enum class StNodeType {
+    GLOBAL,
+    // MODULE,     // not used with current scoping rules
+    BLOCK,
+    SUBROUTINE,
+    ROMSUB,
+    LABEL,
+    STATICVAR,
+    MEMVAR,
+    CONSTANT,
+    BUILTINFUNC,
+    MEMORYSLAB
+}
+
+
+open class StNode(val name: String,
+                  val type: StNodeType,
+                  val astNode: PtNode,
+                  val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
+) {
+
+    lateinit var parent: StNode
+
+    val scopedName: String by lazy { scopedNameList.joinToString(".") }
+
+    open fun lookup(scopedName: String) =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.'))
+
+    fun lookupUnscopedOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
+        lookupUnscoped(name) ?: default()
+
+    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: String, default: () -> StNode): StNode =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.')) ?: default()
+
+    fun lookupUnscoped(name: String): StNode? {
+        // first consider the builtin functions
+        var globalscope = this
+        while(globalscope.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            globalscope = globalscope.parent
+        val globalNode = globalscope.children[name]
+        if(globalNode!=null && globalNode.type== StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC)
+            return globalNode
+
+        // search for the unqualified name in the current scope or its parent scopes
+        var scope=this
+        while(true) {
+            val node = scope.children[name]
+            if(node!=null)
+                return node
+            if(scope.type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+                return null
+            else
+                scope = scope.parent
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun add(child: StNode) {
+        children[child.name] = child
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    private val scopedNameList: List<String> by lazy {
+        if(type==StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            emptyList()
+        else
+            parent.scopedNameList + name
+    }
+
+    private fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
+        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
+        var node = this
+        while(node.type!=StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            node = node.parent
+
+        for(name in scopedName) {
+            if(name in node.children)
+                node = node.children.getValue(name)
+            else
+                return null
+        }
+        return node
+    }
+}
+
+class StStaticVariable(name: String,
+                       val dt: DataType,
+                       val onetimeInitializationNumericValue: Double?,      // regular (every-run-time) initialization is done via regular assignments
+                       val onetimeInitializationStringValue: StString?,
+                       val onetimeInitializationArrayValue: StArray?,
+                       val length: Int?,            // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,    // used in the variable allocator
+                       astNode: PtNode) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, astNode) {
+
+    val uninitialized = onetimeInitializationArrayValue==null && onetimeInitializationStringValue==null && onetimeInitializationNumericValue==null
+
+    init {
+        if(length!=null) {
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue == null)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.isEmpty() ||onetimeInitializationArrayValue.size==length)
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
+            require(dt in NumericDatatypes)
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=0.0) { "zero as init value should just remain uninitialized"}
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null) {
+            require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.all { it.number!=null} ) {
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.any { it.number != 0.0 }) { "array of all zerors as init value should just remain uninitialized" }
+            }
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null) {
+            require(dt == DataType.STR)
+            require(length == onetimeInitializationStringValue.first.length+1)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, astNode) {
+}
+
+
+class StMemVar(name: String,
+               val dt: DataType,
+               val address: UInt,
+               val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, astNode) {
+
+    init{
+        if(dt in ArrayDatatypes || dt == DataType.STR)
+            require(length!=null) { "memory mapped array or string must have known length" }
+    }
+}
+
+class StMemorySlab(
+    name: String,
+    val size: UInt,
+    val align: UInt,
+    astNode: PtNode
+):
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB, astNode) {
+}
+
+class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, astNode: PtNode) :
+        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, astNode) {
+}
+
+
+class StRomSub(name: String,
+               val address: UInt?,      // null in case of asmsub, specified in case of romsub
+               val parameters: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               val returns: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, astNode)
+
+
+
+class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
+class StRomSubParameter(val register: RegisterOrStatusflag, val type: DataType)
+class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOfSymbol: String?)
+
+typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
+typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import java.util.*
+
+class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: CompilationOptions) {
+    fun make(): SymbolTable {
+        val st = SymbolTable(program)
+
+        BuiltinFunctions.forEach {
+            st.add(StNode(it.key, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, PtIdentifier(it.key, it.value.returnType ?: DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)))
+        }
+
+        val scopestack = Stack<StNode>()
+        scopestack.push(st)
+        program.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scopestack)
+        }
+        require(scopestack.size==1)
+
+        if(options.compTarget.name != VMTarget.NAME) {
+            listOf(
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_B1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_REG, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W2, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_LO", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_LO, 128u, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_HI", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_HI, 128u, Position.DUMMY)
+            ).forEach {
+                it.parent = program
+                st.add(StMemVar(it.name, it.type, it.address, it.arraySize?.toInt(), it))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return st
+    }
+
+    private fun addToSt(node: PtNode, scope: Stack<StNode>) {
+        val stNode = when(node) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
+                val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
+                StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, node)
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                StConstant(node.name, node.type, node.value, node)
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.LABEL, node)
+            }
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                StMemVar(node.name, node.type, node.address, node.arraySize?.toInt(), node)
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = node.parameters.map {StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type) }
+                StSub(node.name, params, node.returntype, node)
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val initialNumeric: Double?
+                val initialString: StString?
+                val initialArray: StArray?
+                val numElements: Int?
+                val value = node.value
+                if(value!=null) {
+                    val number = (value as? PtNumber)?.number
+                    initialNumeric = if(number==0.0) null else number       // 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                    when (value) {
+                        is PtString -> {
+                            initialString = StString(value.value, value.encoding)
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = value.value.length + 1   // include the terminating 0-byte
+                        }
+                        is PtArray -> {
+                            val array = makeInitialArray(value)
+                            initialArray = if(array.all { it.number==0.0 }) null else array            // all 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                            initialString = null
+                            numElements = array.size
+                            require(node.arraySize?.toInt()==numElements)
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            initialString = null
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    initialNumeric = null
+                    initialArray = null
+                    initialString = null
+                    numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                }
+                StStaticVariable(node.name, node.type, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, node.zeropage, node)
+            }
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                if(node.name=="memory") {
+                    // memory slab allocations are a builtin functioncall in the program, but end up named as well in the symboltable
+                    require(node.name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name"}
+                    val slabname = (node.args[0] as PtString).value
+                    val size = (node.args[1] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    val align = (node.args[2] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    // don't add memory slabs in nested scope, just put them in the top level of the ST
+                    scope.firstElement().add(StMemorySlab("prog8_memoryslab_$slabname", size, align, node))
+                }
+                null
+            }
+            else -> null // node is not present in the ST
+        }
+
+        if(stNode!=null) {
+            scope.peek().add(stNode)
+            scope.push(stNode)
+        }
+        node.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scope)
+        }
+        if(stNode!=null)
+            scope.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun makeInitialArray(value: PtArray): List<StArrayElement> {
+        return value.children.map {
+            when(it) {
+                is PtAddressOf -> StArrayElement(null, it.identifier.name)
+                is PtIdentifier -> StArrayElement(null, it.name)
+                is PtNumber -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid array element $it")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+//    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
+//        val node =
+//            when(decl.type) {
+//                VarDeclType.VAR -> {
+//                    var initialNumeric = (decl.value as? NumericLiteral)?.number
+//                    if(initialNumeric==0.0)
+//                        initialNumeric=null     // variable will go into BSS and this will be set to 0
+//                    val initialStringLit = decl.value as? StringLiteral
+//                    val initialString = if(initialStringLit==null) null else Pair(initialStringLit.value, initialStringLit.encoding)
+//                    val initialArrayLit = decl.value as? ArrayLiteral
+//                    val initialArray = makeInitialArray(initialArrayLit)
+//                    if(decl.isArray && decl.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                        throw FatalAstException("array vardecl has mismatched dt ${decl.datatype}")
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.isArray)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else if(initialStringLit!=null)
+//                            initialStringLit.value.length+1  // include the terminating 0-byte
+//                        else
+//                            null
+//                    val bss = if(decl.datatype==DataType.STR)
+//                        false
+//                    else if(decl.isArray)
+//                        initialArray.isNullOrEmpty()
+//                    else
+//                        initialNumeric == null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StStaticVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, bss, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, decl.zeropage, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.CONST -> {
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StConstant(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StMemVar(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), numElements, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//            }
+//        scopestack.peek().add(node)
+//        // st.origAstLinks[decl] = node
+//    }
+//
+//    private fun makeInitialArray(arrayLit: ArrayLiteral?): StArray? {
+//        if(arrayLit==null)
+//            return null
+//        return arrayLit.value.map {
+//            when(it){
+//                is AddressOf -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.identifier.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is IdentifierReference -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is NumericLiteral -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+//                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird element dt in array literal")
+//            }
+//        }.toList()
+//    }
+//
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.core.Position
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+// New simplified AST for the code generator.
+
+
+sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
+
+    val children = mutableListOf<PtNode>()
+    lateinit var parent: PtNode
+
+    fun add(child: PtNode) {
+        children.add(child)
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    fun add(index: Int, child: PtNode) {
+        children.add(index, child)
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    fun definingBlock() = findParentNode<PtBlock>(this)
+    fun definingSub() = findParentNode<PtSub>(this)
+    fun definingAsmSub() = findParentNode<PtAsmSub>(this)
+    fun definingISub() = findParentNode<IPtSubroutine>(this)
+}
+
+
+class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY)
+
+
+sealed class PtNamedNode(var name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
+    // Note that as an exception, the 'name' is not read-only
+    // but a var. This is to allow for cheap node renames.
+    val scopedName: String by lazy {
+        var namedParent: PtNode = this.parent
+        if(namedParent is PtProgram)
+            name
+        else {
+            while (namedParent !is PtNamedNode)
+                namedParent = namedParent.parent
+            namedParent.scopedName + "." + name
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtProgram(
+    val name: String,
+    val memsizer: IMemSizer,
+    val encoding: IStringEncoding
+) : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
+
+//    fun allModuleDirectives(): Sequence<PtDirective> =
+//        children.asSequence().flatMap { it.children }.filterIsInstance<PtDirective>().distinct()
+
+    fun allBlocks(): Sequence<PtBlock> =
+        children.asSequence().filterIsInstance<PtBlock>()
+
+    fun entrypoint(): PtSub? =
+        allBlocks().firstOrNull { it.name == "main" }?.children?.firstOrNull { it is PtSub && (it.name == "start" || it.name=="main.start") } as PtSub?
+}
+
+
+class PtBlock(name: String,
+              val address: UInt?,
+              val library: Boolean,
+              val forceOutput: Boolean,
+              val alignment: BlockAlignment,
+              val source: SourceCode,       // taken from the module the block is defined in.
+              position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
+    enum class BlockAlignment {
+        NONE,
+        WORD,
+        PAGE
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, val isIR: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    init {
+        require(!assembly.startsWith('\n') && !assembly.startsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
+        require(!assembly.endsWith('\n') && !assembly.endsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position)
+
+
+class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position)
+
+
+class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position)
+
+
+class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position)
+
+
+// find the parent node of a specific type or interface
+// (useful to figure out in what namespace/block something is defined, etc.)
+inline fun <reified T> findParentNode(node: PtNode): T? {
+    var candidate = node.parent
+    while(candidate !is T && candidate !is PtProgram)
+        candidate = candidate.parent
+    return if(candidate is PtProgram)
+        null
+    else
+        candidate as T
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.Encoding
+import prog8.code.core.NumericDatatypes
+import prog8.code.core.Position
+import java.util.*
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.round
+
+
+sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+
+    init {
+        if(type==DataType.BOOL)
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("bool should have become ubyte @$position")
+        if(type==DataType.UNDEFINED) {
+            @Suppress("LeakingThis")
+            when(this) {
+                is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> { /* void function call */ }
+                is PtFunctionCall -> { /* void function call */ }
+                is PtIdentifier -> { /* non-variable identifier */ }
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("type should be known @$position")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(other: PtExpression): Boolean {
+        return when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> other is PtAddressOf && other.type==type && other.identifier isSameAs identifier
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> other is PtArrayIndexer && other.type==type && other.variable isSameAs variable && other.index isSameAs index
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> other is PtBinaryExpression && other.left isSameAs left && other.right isSameAs right
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> other is PtContainmentCheck && other.type==type && other.element isSameAs element && other.iterable isSameAs iterable
+            is PtIdentifier -> other is PtIdentifier && other.type==type && other.name==name
+            is PtMachineRegister -> other is PtMachineRegister && other.type==type && other.register==register
+            is PtMemoryByte -> other is PtMemoryByte && other.address isSameAs address
+            is PtNumber -> other is PtNumber && other.type==type && other.number==number
+            is PtPrefix -> other is PtPrefix && other.type==type && other.operator==operator && other.value isSameAs value
+            is PtRange -> other is PtRange && other.type==type && other.from==from && other.to==to && other.step==step
+            is PtTypeCast -> other is PtTypeCast && other.type==type && other.value isSameAs value
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(target: PtAssignTarget): Boolean {
+        return when {
+            target.memory != null && this is PtMemoryByte-> {
+                target.memory!!.address isSameAs this.address
+            }
+            target.identifier != null && this is PtIdentifier -> {
+                this.name == target.identifier!!.name
+            }
+            target.array != null && this is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                this.variable.name == target.array!!.variable.name && this.index isSameAs target.array!!.index
+            }
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun asConstInteger(): Int? = (this as? PtNumber)?.number?.toInt()
+
+    fun isSimple(): Boolean {
+        return when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> true
+            is PtArray -> true
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> index is PtNumber || index is PtIdentifier
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> false
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> name in arrayOf("msb", "lsb", "peek", "peekw", "mkword", "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd")
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> false
+            is PtFunctionCall -> false
+            is PtIdentifier -> true
+            is PtMachineRegister -> true
+            is PtMemoryByte -> address is PtNumber || address is PtIdentifier
+            is PtNumber -> true
+            is PtPrefix -> value.isSimple()
+            is PtRange -> true
+            is PtString -> true
+            is PtTypeCast -> value.isSimple()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    fun clone(): PtExpression {
+        fun withClonedChildrenFrom(orig: PtExpression, clone: PtExpression): PtExpression {
+            orig.children.forEach { clone.add((it as PtExpression).clone()) }
+            return clone
+        }
+        when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtAddressOf(position))
+            is PtArray -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArray(type, position))
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArrayIndexer(type, position))
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBinaryExpression(operator, type, position))
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBuiltinFunctionCall(name, void, hasNoSideEffects, type, position))
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtContainmentCheck(position))
+            is PtFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtFunctionCall(name, void, type, position))
+            is PtIdentifier -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtIdentifier(name, type, position))
+            is PtMachineRegister -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMachineRegister(register, type, position))
+            is PtMemoryByte -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMemoryByte(position))
+            is PtNumber -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtNumber(type, number, position))
+            is PtPrefix -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtPrefix(operator, type, position))
+            is PtRange -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtRange(type, position))
+            is PtString -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtString(value, encoding, position))
+            is PtTypeCast -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtTypeCast(type, position))
+        }
+    }
+    */
+}
+
+class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
+    val identifier: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children.single() as PtIdentifier
+}
+
+
+class PtArrayIndexer(elementType: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(elementType, position) {
+    val variable: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
+    val index: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+
+    init {
+        require(elementType in NumericDatatypes)
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtArray(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(children, type)
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if(other==null || other !is PtArray)
+            return false
+        return type==other.type && children == other.children
+    }
+
+    val size: Int
+        get() = children.size
+}
+
+
+class PtBuiltinFunctionCall(val name: String,
+                            val void: Boolean,
+                            val hasNoSideEffects: Boolean,
+                            type: DataType,
+                            position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    init {
+        if(!void)
+            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
+    }
+
+    val args: List<PtExpression>
+        get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
+}
+
+
+class PtBinaryExpression(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    // note: "and", "or", "xor" do not occur anymore as operators. They've been replaced int the ast by their bitwise versions &, |, ^.
+    val left: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val right: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
+    val element: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val iterable: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children[1] as PtIdentifier
+}
+
+
+class PtFunctionCall(val name: String,
+                     val void: Boolean,
+                     type: DataType,
+                     position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    init {
+        if(!void)
+            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
+    }
+
+    val args: List<PtExpression>
+        get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
+}
+
+
+class PtIdentifier(val name: String, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return "[PtIdentifier:$name $type $position]"
+    }
+
+    fun copy() = PtIdentifier(name, type, position)
+}
+
+
+class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
+    val address: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+
+    companion object {
+        fun fromBoolean(bool: Boolean, position: Position): PtNumber =
+            PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, if(bool) 1.0 else 0.0, position)
+    }
+
+    init {
+        if(type==DataType.BOOL)
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("bool should have become ubyte @$position")
+        if(type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
+            val rounded = round(number)
+            if (rounded != number)
+                throw IllegalArgumentException("refused rounding of float to avoid loss of precision @$position")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, number)
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if(other==null || other !is PtNumber)
+            return false
+        return number==other.number
+    }
+
+    operator fun compareTo(other: PtNumber): Int = number.compareTo(other.number)
+
+    override fun toString() = "PtNumber:$type:$number"
+}
+
+
+class PtPrefix(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+
+    init {
+        // note: the "not" operator may no longer occur in the ast; not x should have been replaced with x==0
+        require(operator in setOf("+", "-", "~")) { "invalid prefix operator: $operator" }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtRange(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val from: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val to: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+    val step: PtNumber
+        get() = children[2] as PtNumber
+
+    fun toConstantIntegerRange(): IntProgression? {
+        fun makeRange(fromVal: Int, toVal: Int, stepVal: Int): IntProgression {
+            return when {
+                fromVal <= toVal -> when {
+                    stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
+                    else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
+                }
+                else -> when {
+                    stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
+                    else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val fromLv = from as? PtNumber
+        val toLv = to as? PtNumber
+        val stepLv = step as? PtNumber
+        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null || stepLv==null)
+            return null
+        val fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
+        val toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
+        val stepVal = stepLv.number.toInt()
+        return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.STR, position) {
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(value, encoding)
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if(other==null || other !is PtString)
+            return false
+        return value==other.value && encoding == other.encoding
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtTypeCast(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+// special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally in the Intermediate Code
+class PtMachineRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
+
+
+fun constValue(expr: PtExpression): Double? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number else null
+fun constIntValue(expr: PtExpression): Int? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number.toInt() else null
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+/**
+ * Produces readable text from a [PtNode] (AST node, usually starting with PtProgram as root),
+ * passing it as a String to the specified receiver function.
+ */
+fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Unit) {
+    fun type(dt: DataType) = "!${dt.name.lowercase()}!"
+    fun txt(node: PtNode): String {
+        return when(node) {
+            is PtAssignTarget -> "<target>"
+            is PtAssignment -> "<assign>"
+            is PtAugmentedAssign -> "<inplace-assign> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtBreakpoint -> "%breakpoint"
+            is PtConditionalBranch -> "if_${node.condition.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtAddressOf -> "&"
+            is PtArray -> "array len=${node.children.size} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> "<arrayindexer> ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> "<expr> ${node.operator} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> "in"
+            is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtIdentifier -> "${node.name} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMachineRegister -> "VMREG#${node.register} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMemoryByte -> "@()"
+            is PtNumber -> {
+                val numstr = if(node.type == DataType.FLOAT) node.number.toString() else node.number.toHex()
+                "$numstr ${type(node.type)}"
+            }
+            is PtPrefix -> node.operator
+            is PtRange -> "<range>"
+            is PtString -> "\"${node.value.escape()}\""
+            is PtTypeCast -> "as ${node.type.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtForLoop -> "for"
+            is PtIfElse -> "ifelse"
+            is PtIncludeBinary -> "%incbin '${node.file}', ${node.offset}, ${node.length}"
+            is PtInlineAssembly -> {
+                if(node.isIR)
+                    "%ir {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+                else
+                    "%asm {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+            }
+            is PtJump -> {
+                if(node.identifier!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.identifier.name}"
+                else if(node.address!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                else if(node.generatedLabel!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.generatedLabel}"
+                else
+                    "???"
+            }
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                val clobbers = if (node.clobbers.isEmpty()) "" else "clobbers ${node.clobbers}"
+                val returns = if (node.returns.isEmpty()) "" else (if (node.returns.size == 1) "-> ${node.returns[0].second.name.lowercase()}" else "-> ${node.returns.map { it.second.name.lowercase() }}")
+                val str = if (node.inline) "inline " else ""
+                if(node.address==null) {
+                    str + "asmsub ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                } else {
+                    str + "romsub ${node.address.toHex()} = ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                val addr = if(node.address==null) "" else "@${node.address.toHex()}"
+                val align = if(node.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE) "" else "align=${node.alignment}"
+                "\nblock '${node.name}' $addr $align"
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                val value = if(node.type in IntegerDatatypes) node.value.toInt().toString() else node.value.toString()
+                "const ${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = $value"
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> "${node.name}:"
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val arraysize = if(node.arraySize==null) "" else node.arraySize.toString()
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "&${eltType.name.lowercase()}[$arraysize] ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                } else {
+                    "&${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                var str = "sub ${node.name}($params) "
+                if(node.returntype!=null)
+                    str += "-> ${node.returntype.name.lowercase()}"
+                str
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val str = if(node.arraySize!=null) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[${node.arraySize}] ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[] ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else
+                    "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+                if(node.value!=null)
+                    str + " = " + txt(node.value)
+                else
+                    str
+            }
+            is PtNodeGroup -> "<group>"
+            is PtNop -> "nop"
+            is PtPostIncrDecr -> "<post> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtProgram -> "PROGRAM ${node.name}"
+            is PtRepeatLoop -> "repeat"
+            is PtReturn -> "return"
+            is PtSubroutineParameter -> "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+            is PtWhen -> "when"
+            is PtWhenChoice -> {
+                if(node.isElse)
+                    "else"
+                else
+                    "->"
+            }
+            else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unrecognised ast node $node")
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(root is PtProgram) {
+        output(txt(root))
+        root.children.forEach {
+            walkAst(it) { node, depth ->
+                val txt = txt(node)
+                val library = if(node is PtBlock) node.library else node.definingBlock()?.library==true
+                if(!library || !skipLibraries) {
+                    if (txt.isNotEmpty())
+                        output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        println()
+    } else {
+        walkAst(root) { node, depth ->
+            val txt = txt(node)
+            val library = if(node is PtBlock) node.library else node.definingBlock()?.library==true
+            if(!library || !skipLibraries) {
+                if (txt.isNotEmpty())
+                    output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fun walkAst(root: PtNode, act: (node: PtNode, depth: Int) -> Unit) {
+    fun recurse(node: PtNode, depth: Int) {
+        act(node, depth)
+        node.children.forEach { recurse(it, depth+1) }
+    }
+    recurse(root, 0)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+sealed interface IPtSubroutine {
+    val name: String
+}
+
+class PtAsmSub(
+    name: String,
+    val address: UInt?,
+    val clobbers: Set<CpuRegister>,
+    val parameters: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>,
+    val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>>,
+    val inline: Boolean,
+    position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine
+
+
+class PtSub(
+    name: String,
+    val parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>,
+    val returntype: DataType?,
+    position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine {
+    init {
+        // params and return value should not be str
+        if(parameters.any{ it.type !in NumericDatatypes })
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric parameter")
+        if(returntype!=null && returntype !in NumericDatatypes)
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric returntype $returntype")
+        parameters.forEach { it.parent=this }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtSubroutineParameter(name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNamedNode(name, position)
+
+
+sealed interface IPtAssignment {
+    val children: MutableList<PtNode>
+    val target: PtAssignTarget
+        get() = children[0] as PtAssignTarget
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+}
+
+class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+
+class PtAugmentedAssign(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+
+
+class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val identifier: PtIdentifier?
+        get() = children.single() as? PtIdentifier
+    val array: PtArrayIndexer?
+        get() = children.single() as? PtArrayIndexer
+    val memory: PtMemoryByte?
+        get() = children.single() as? PtMemoryByte
+
+    val type: DataType
+        get() {
+            return when(val tgt = children.single()) {
+                is PtIdentifier -> tgt.type
+                is PtArrayIndexer -> tgt.type
+                is PtMemoryByte -> tgt.type
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target $tgt")
+            }
+        }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(expression: PtExpression): Boolean = expression.isSameAs(this)
+}
+
+
+class PtConditionalBranch(val condition: BranchCondition, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val trueScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
+    val falseScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtForLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val variable: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
+    val iterable: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+    val statements: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtIfElse(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val condition: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val ifScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+    val elseScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
+             val address: UInt?,
+             val generatedLabel: String?,
+             position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    init {
+        identifier?.let {it.parent = this }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtPostIncrDecr(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val target: PtAssignTarget
+        get() = children.single() as PtAssignTarget
+}
+
+
+class PtRepeatLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val count: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val statements: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val hasValue = children.any()
+    val value: PtExpression?
+        get() {
+            return if(children.any())
+                children.single() as PtExpression
+            else
+                null
+        }
+}
+
+
+sealed interface IPtVariable {
+    val name: String
+    val type: DataType
+}
+
+
+class PtVariable(name: String, override val type: DataType, val zeropage: ZeropageWish, val value: PtExpression?, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
+    init {
+        value?.let {it.parent=this}
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtConstant(name: String, override val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
+
+
+class PtMemMapped(name: String, override val type: DataType, val address: UInt, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
+
+
+class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val choices: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtWhenChoice(val isElse: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val values: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
+    val statements: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.core

-class ReturnConvention(val dt: BaseDataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?)
-class ParamConvention(val dt: BaseDataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
+class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
+class ParamConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
 class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConvention) {
    override fun toString(): String {
        val paramConvs =  params.mapIndexed { index, it ->
@@ -13,80 +13,52 @@ class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConve
        }
        val returnConv =
            when {
-                returns.reg == RegisterOrPair.FAC1 -> "floatFAC1"
-                returns.reg != null -> returns.reg.toString()
+                returns.reg!=null -> returns.reg.toString()
+                returns.floatFac1 -> "floatFAC1"
                else -> "<no returnvalue>"
            }
        return "CallConvention[" + paramConvs.joinToString() + " ; returns: $returnConv]"
    }
 }

-class FParam(val name: String, vararg val possibleDatatypes: BaseDataType)
-
-
-private val IterableDatatypes = arrayOf(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW)
-private val IntegerDatatypes = arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)
-private val NumericDatatypes = arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-
+class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Array<DataType>)

 class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
-                 val returnTypes: Array<BaseDataType>,
-                 vararg val parameters: FParam) {
+                      val parameters: List<FParam>,
+                      val returnType: DataType?) {

-    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<BaseDataType>): CallConvention {
-        val returns: ReturnConvention
-        if(returnTypes.isEmpty())
-            returns = ReturnConvention(null, null)
-        else if(returnTypes.size==1) {
-            val returnType = returnTypes[0]
-            returns = when (returnType) {
-                BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                BaseDataType.LONG -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.R14R15)
-                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.FAC1)
-                in IterableDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                else -> {
-                    // return type depends on arg type
-                    when (val paramType = actualParamTypes.first()) {
-                        BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                        BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                        BaseDataType.LONG -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.R14R15)
-                        BaseDataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.FAC1)
-                        in IterableDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                        else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null)
-                    }
+    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<DataType>): CallConvention {
+        val returns: ReturnConvention = when (returnType) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, null, true)
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType!!, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            null -> ReturnConvention(null, null, false)
+            else -> {
+                // return type depends on arg type
+                when (val paramType = actualParamTypes.first()) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, true)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, false)
                }
            }
-        } else {
-            // note: this path is currently never hit because the builtin functions with multiple return values have been handled in specialized optimized codegens already earlier.
-            TODO("multiple return types from builtin function")
        }

        return when {
            actualParamTypes.isEmpty() -> CallConvention(emptyList(), returns)
            actualParamTypes.size==1 -> {
-                // One parameter goes via register/registerpair (except longs)
-                // this avoids repeated code for every caller to store the value in the subroutine's argument variable.
-                // (that store is still done, but only coded once at the start at the subroutine itself rather than at every call site).
+                // one parameter goes via register/registerpair
                val paramConv = when(val paramType = actualParamTypes[0]) {
-                    BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
-                    BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                    BaseDataType.LONG -> ParamConvention(paramType, null, true)
-                    BaseDataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)      // NOTE: for builtin functions, floating point arguments are passed by reference (so you get a pointer in AY)
-                    in IterableDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
                    else -> ParamConvention(paramType, null, false)
                }
                CallConvention(listOf(paramConv), returns)
            }
-            actualParamTypes.size==2 && (actualParamTypes[0].isByte && actualParamTypes[1].isWord) -> {
-                TODO("opportunity to pass word+byte arguments in A,Y and X registers but not implemented yet")
-            }
-            actualParamTypes.size==2 && (actualParamTypes[0].isWord && actualParamTypes[1].isByte) -> {
-                TODO("opportunity to pass word+byte arguments in A,Y and X registers but not implemented yet")
-            }
-            actualParamTypes.size==3 && actualParamTypes.all { it.isByte } -> {
-                TODO("opportunity to pass 3 byte arguments in A,Y and X registers but not implemented yet")
-            }
            else -> {
                // multiple parameters go via variables
                val paramConvs = actualParamTypes.map { ParamConvention(it, null, true) }
@@ -96,103 +68,46 @@ class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
    }
 }

+
 val BuiltinFunctions: Map<String, FSignature> = mapOf(
-    "setlsb"  to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("variable", BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "setmsb"  to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("variable", BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "rol"     to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "ror"     to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "rol2"    to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "ror2"    to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "cmp"     to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("value1", *IntegerDatatypes), FParam("value2", *NumericDatatypes)),  // cmp returns result in the cpu status flags, but not asa proper return value
-    "prog8_lib_stringcompare"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("str1", BaseDataType.STR), FParam("str2", BaseDataType.STR)),
-    "prog8_lib_square_byte"       to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "prog8_lib_square_word"       to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "prog8_lib_square_long"       to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "prog8_lib_structalloc"       to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "prog8_lib_copylong"          to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("pointer1", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("pointer2", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "prog8_lib_copyfloat"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("pointer1", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("pointer2", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "abs"           to FSignature(true, emptyArray(), FParam("value", *NumericDatatypes)),
-    "abs__byte"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "abs__word"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.WORD)),
-    "abs__long"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "abs__float"    to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.FLOAT), FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
-    "len"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("values", *IterableDatatypes)),
-    "sizeof"        to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("object", *(BaseDataType.entries - BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE).toTypedArray())),
-    "offsetof"      to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("field", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "sgn"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("value", *NumericDatatypes)),
-    "sqrt"          to FSignature(true, emptyArray(), FParam("value", *NumericDatatypes)),
-    "sqrt__ubyte"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "sqrt__uword"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "sqrt__long"    to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "sqrt__float"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.FLOAT), FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
-    "divmod"        to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED, BaseDataType.UNDEFINED), FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "divmod__ubyte" to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "divmod__uword" to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "divmod__byte"  to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "divmod__word"  to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.WORD)),
-    "lmh"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "lsb"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "lsb__long"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "msb"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "msb__long"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "lsw"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "msw"           to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "mkword"        to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("msb", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("lsb", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "mklong"        to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("msb", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("b2", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("b1", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("lsb", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "mklong2"       to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("msw", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("lsw", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "clamp"         to FSignature(true, emptyArray(), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "clamp__byte"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "clamp__ubyte"  to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "clamp__word"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.WORD)),
-    "clamp__uword"  to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "clamp__long"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "min"           to FSignature(true, emptyArray(), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "min__byte"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "min__ubyte"    to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "min__word"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.WORD)),
-    "min__uword"    to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "min__long"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "max"           to FSignature(true, emptyArray(), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "max__byte"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "max__ubyte"    to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "max__word"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.WORD)),
-    "max__uword"    to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "max__long"     to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("val1", BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "peek"          to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "peekbool"      to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.BOOL), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "peekw"         to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "peekl"         to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "peekf"         to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.FLOAT), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "poke"          to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE)),
-    "pokebool"      to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BOOL)),
-    "pokebowl"      to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BOOL)),
-    "pokew"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD)),
-    "pokel"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "pokef"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
-    "pokemon"       to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "rsave"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray()),
-    "rrestore"      to FSignature(false, emptyArray()),
-    "memory"        to FSignature(true,  arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("name", BaseDataType.STR), FParam("size", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("alignment", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "memory__ref"   to FSignature(true, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("name", BaseDataType.STR)),
-    "callfar"       to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("bank", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("arg", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "callfar2"      to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("bank", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("argA", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("argX", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("argY", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("argC", BaseDataType.BOOL)),
-    "call"          to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "push"          to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.BOOL)),
-    "pushw"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.POINTER)),
-    "pushl"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("value", BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "pushf"         to FSignature(false, emptyArray(), FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
-    "pop"           to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
-    "popw"          to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD)),
-    "popl"          to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG)),
-    "popf"          to FSignature(false, arrayOf(BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
+    // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
+    "rol"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "rol2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "sort"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    "reverse"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    // cmp returns a status in the carry flag, but not a proper return value
+    "cmp"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypesNoBool), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), null),
+    "prog8_lib_stringcompare"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("str1", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("str2", arrayOf(DataType.STR))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "abs"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", IntegerDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.UWORD),
+    "len"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), DataType.UWORD),
+    // normal functions follow:
+    "sizeof"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values())), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "sgn"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.BYTE),
+    "sqrt16"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "divmod"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "divmodw"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "any"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "all"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "lsb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "msb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "mkword"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("msb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "peek"      to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "peekw"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "poke"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokemon"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokew"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "pop"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "popw"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "push"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "pushw"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "rsave"     to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rsavex"    to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestore"  to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestorex" to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "memory"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("name", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("alignment", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "callfar"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
 )

-val InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions = setOf(
-    "setlsb", "setmsb",
-    "rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2"
-)
-
-val SimpleBuiltinFunctions = setOf(
-    "msb", "lsb", "msw", "lsw",
-    "mkword", "mklong", "mklong2",
-    "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd")
+val InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions = setOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "sort", "reverse")
@@ -8,116 +8,24 @@ class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                         val launcher: CbmPrgLauncherType,
                         val zeropage: ZeropageType,
                         val zpReserved: List<UIntRange>,
-                         val zpAllowed: List<UIntRange>,
                         val floats: Boolean,
                         val noSysInit: Boolean,
-                         val romable: Boolean,
                         val compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
-                         val compilerVersion: String,
                         // these are set later, based on command line arguments or options in the source code:
                         var loadAddress: UInt,
-                         var memtopAddress: UInt,
-                         var warnSymbolShadowing: Boolean = false,
-                         var warnImplicitTypeCast: Boolean = false,
+                         var slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean = false,
                         var optimize: Boolean = false,
+                         var optimizeFloatExpressions: Boolean = false,
                         var asmQuiet: Boolean = false,
                         var asmListfile: Boolean = false,
-                         var includeSourcelines: Boolean = false,
-                         var dumpVariables: Boolean = false,
-                         var dumpSymbols: Boolean = false,
                         var experimentalCodegen: Boolean = false,
-                         var varsHighBank: Int? = null,
-                         var varsGolden: Boolean = false,
-                         var slabsHighBank: Int? = null,
-                         var slabsGolden: Boolean = false,
-                         var breakpointCpuInstruction: String? = null,
-                         var ignoreFootguns: Boolean = false,
+                         var varsHigh: Boolean = false,
+                         var useNewExprCode: Boolean = false,
+                         var evalStackBaseAddress: UInt? = null,
                         var outputDir: Path = Path(""),
-                         var quiet: Boolean = false,
-                         var profilingInstrumentation: Boolean = false,
                         var symbolDefs: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
 ) {
    init {
-        compTarget.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-        val AllZeropageAllowed: List<UIntRange> = listOf(0u..255u)
-
-        fun builder(compTarget: ICompilationTarget) = Builder(compTarget)
-
-        class Builder(private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
-            private var output: OutputType = compTarget.defaultOutputType
-            private var launcher: CbmPrgLauncherType = CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE
-            private var zeropage: ZeropageType = ZeropageType.DONTUSE
-            private var zpReserved: List<UIntRange> = emptyList()
-            private var zpAllowed: List<UIntRange> = AllZeropageAllowed
-            private var floats: Boolean = false
-            private var noSysInit: Boolean = false
-            private var romable: Boolean = false
-            private var compilerVersion: String = "unknown"
-            private var loadAddress: UInt = compTarget.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
-            private var memtopAddress: UInt = compTarget.PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS
-            private var warnSymbolShadowing: Boolean = false
-            private var warnImplicitTypeCast: Boolean = false
-            private var optimize: Boolean = false
-            private var asmQuiet: Boolean = false
-            private var asmListfile: Boolean = false
-            private var includeSourcelines: Boolean = false
-            private var dumpVariables: Boolean = false
-            private var dumpSymbols: Boolean = false
-            private var experimentalCodegen: Boolean = false
-            private var varsHighBank: Int? = null
-            private var varsGolden: Boolean = false
-            private var slabsHighBank: Int? = null
-            private var slabsGolden: Boolean = false
-            private var breakpointCpuInstruction: String? = null
-            private var ignoreFootguns: Boolean = false
-            private var outputDir: Path = Path("")
-            private var quiet: Boolean = false
-            private var profilingInstrumentation: Boolean = false
-            private var symbolDefs: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
-
-            fun output(output: OutputType) = apply { this.output = output }
-            fun launcher(launcher: CbmPrgLauncherType) = apply { this.launcher = launcher }
-            fun zeropage(zeropage: ZeropageType) = apply { this.zeropage = zeropage }
-            fun zpReserved(zpReserved: List<UIntRange>) = apply { this.zpReserved = zpReserved }
-            fun zpAllowed(zpAllowed: List<UIntRange>) = apply { this.zpAllowed = zpAllowed }
-            fun floats(floats: Boolean) = apply { this.floats = floats }
-            fun noSysInit(noSysInit: Boolean) = apply { this.noSysInit = noSysInit }
-            fun romable(romable: Boolean) = apply { this.romable = romable }
-            fun compilerVersion(compilerVersion: String) = apply { this.compilerVersion = compilerVersion }
-            fun loadAddress(loadAddress: UInt) = apply { this.loadAddress = loadAddress }
-            fun memtopAddress(memtopAddress: UInt) = apply { this.memtopAddress = memtopAddress }
-            fun warnSymbolShadowing(warnSymbolShadowing: Boolean) = apply { this.warnSymbolShadowing = warnSymbolShadowing }
-            fun warnImplicitTypeCast(warnImplicitTypeCast: Boolean) = apply { this.warnImplicitTypeCast = warnImplicitTypeCast }
-            fun optimize(optimize: Boolean) = apply { this.optimize = optimize }
-            fun asmQuiet(asmQuiet: Boolean) = apply { this.asmQuiet = asmQuiet }
-            fun asmListfile(asmListfile: Boolean) = apply { this.asmListfile = asmListfile }
-            fun includeSourcelines(includeSourcelines: Boolean) = apply { this.includeSourcelines = includeSourcelines }
-            fun dumpVariables(dumpVariables: Boolean) = apply { this.dumpVariables = dumpVariables }
-            fun dumpSymbols(dumpSymbols: Boolean) = apply { this.dumpSymbols = dumpSymbols }
-            fun experimentalCodegen(experimentalCodegen: Boolean) = apply { this.experimentalCodegen = experimentalCodegen }
-            fun varsHighBank(varsHighBank: Int?) = apply { this.varsHighBank = varsHighBank }
-            fun varsGolden(varsGolden: Boolean) = apply { this.varsGolden = varsGolden }
-            fun slabsHighBank(slabsHighBank: Int?) = apply { this.slabsHighBank = slabsHighBank }
-            fun slabsGolden(slabsGolden: Boolean) = apply { this.slabsGolden = slabsGolden }
-            fun breakpointCpuInstruction(breakpointCpuInstruction: String?) = apply { this.breakpointCpuInstruction = breakpointCpuInstruction }
-            fun ignoreFootguns(ignoreFootguns: Boolean) = apply { this.ignoreFootguns = ignoreFootguns }
-            fun outputDir(outputDir: Path) = apply { this.outputDir = outputDir }
-            fun quiet(quiet: Boolean) = apply { this.quiet = quiet }
-            fun profilingInstrumentation(profilingInstrumentation: Boolean) = apply { this.profilingInstrumentation = profilingInstrumentation }
-            fun symbolDefs(symbolDefs: Map<String, String>) = apply { this.symbolDefs = symbolDefs }
-
-            fun build(): CompilationOptions {
-                return CompilationOptions(
-                    output, launcher, zeropage, zpReserved, zpAllowed, floats, noSysInit, romable, compTarget, compilerVersion,
-                    loadAddress, memtopAddress, warnSymbolShadowing, warnImplicitTypeCast, optimize, asmQuiet, asmListfile,
-                    includeSourcelines, dumpVariables, dumpSymbols, experimentalCodegen, varsHighBank, varsGolden,
-                    slabsHighBank, slabsGolden, breakpointCpuInstruction, ignoreFootguns, outputDir, quiet,
-                    profilingInstrumentation, symbolDefs
-                )
-            }
-        }
+        compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
    }
 }
@@ -1,29 +1,20 @@
 package prog8.code.core

 import kotlin.math.abs
-import kotlin.math.pow
-
-val powersOfTwoFloat = (0..16).map { (2.0).pow(it) }.toTypedArray()
-val negativePowersOfTwoFloat = powersOfTwoFloat.map { -it }.toTypedArray()
-val powersOfTwoInt = (0..16).map { 2.0.pow(it).toInt() }.toTypedArray()

 fun Number.toHex(): String {
    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
-    //  larger -> "$12345678"
    // negative values are prefixed with '-'.
-    val integer = this.toLong()
-    if(integer<0) {
-        if(integer==-2147483648L)
-            return "$80000000"      // the exception to the rule, because -$80000000 is not a valid hex number
+    val integer = this.toInt()
+    if(integer<0)
        return '-' + abs(integer).toHex()
-    }
    return when (integer) {
        in 0 until 16 -> integer.toString()
        in 0 until 0x100 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
        in 0 until 0x10000 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(8,'0')
+        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
    }
 }

@@ -31,12 +22,11 @@ fun UInt.toHex(): String {
    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
-    //  larger -> "$12345678"
    return when (this) {
        in 0u until 16u -> this.toString()
        in 0u until 0x100u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
        in 0u until 0x10000u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(8,'0')
+        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
    }
 }

@@ -68,7 +58,6 @@ fun String.unescape(): String {
                '\\' -> '\\'
                'n' -> '\n'
                'r' -> '\r'
-                't' -> '\t'
                '"' -> '"'
                '\'' -> '\''
                'u' -> {
@@ -1,444 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.core
-
-import java.util.*
-
-
-/**
- * Base data types supported by the Prog8 compiler.
- * These represent the fundamental types that can be used in Prog8 programs.
- */
-enum class BaseDataType {
-    UBYTE,              // pass by value            8 bits unsigned
-    BYTE,               // pass by value            8 bits signed
-    UWORD,              // pass by value            16 bits unsigned
-    WORD,               // pass by value            16 bits signed
-    LONG,               // pass by value            32 bits signed
-    FLOAT,              // pass by value            machine dependent
-    BOOL,               // pass by value            bit 0 of an 8-bit byte
-    STR,                // pass by reference
-    ARRAY,              // pass by reference, subtype is the element type
-    ARRAY_SPLITW,       // pass by reference, split word layout, subtype is the element type (restricted to word types)
-    POINTER,            // typed pointer, subtype is whatever type is pointed to
-    STRUCT_INSTANCE,    // the actual instance of a struct (not directly supported in the language yet, but we need its type)
-    ARRAY_POINTER,      // array of pointers (uwords), subtype is whatever type each element points to
-    UNDEFINED;
-
-
-    fun largerSizeThan(other: BaseDataType) =
-        when {
-            this == other -> false
-            this.isByteOrBool -> false
-            this.isWord -> other.isByteOrBool
-            this == LONG -> other.isByteOrBool || other.isWord
-            this == STR && other == UWORD || this == UWORD && other == STR -> false
-            this.isArray && other.isArray -> false
-            this.isArray -> other != FLOAT
-            this == STR -> other != FLOAT
-            this.isPointer -> other.isByteOrBool
-            else -> true
-        }
-
-    fun equalsSize(other: BaseDataType) =
-        when {
-            this == other -> true
-            this.isArray && other.isArray -> true
-            this.isByteOrBool -> other.isByteOrBool
-            this.isWord -> other.isWord || other.isPointer
-            this.isPointer -> other.isWord
-            this == STR && other== UWORD || this== UWORD && other== STR -> true
-            this == STR && other.isArray -> true
-            this.isArray && other == STR -> true
-            else -> false
-        }
-}
-
-
-// ============================================================================
-// BaseDataType Extension Properties
-// ============================================================================
-
-val BaseDataType.isByte get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE)
-val BaseDataType.isUnsignedByte get() = this == BaseDataType.UBYTE
-val BaseDataType.isSignedByte get() = this == BaseDataType.BYTE
-val BaseDataType.isBool get() = this == BaseDataType.BOOL
-val BaseDataType.isByteOrBool get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.BOOL)
-val BaseDataType.isWord get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD)
-val BaseDataType.isUnsignedWord get() = this == BaseDataType.UWORD
-val BaseDataType.isSignedWord get() = this == BaseDataType.WORD
-val BaseDataType.isLong get() = this == BaseDataType.LONG
-val BaseDataType.isFloat get() = this == BaseDataType.FLOAT
-val BaseDataType.isInteger get() = this in setOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)
-val BaseDataType.isIntegerOrBool get() = this in setOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.BOOL)
-val BaseDataType.isWordOrByteOrBool get() = this in setOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.BOOL)
-val BaseDataType.isNumeric get() = this == BaseDataType.FLOAT || this.isInteger
-val BaseDataType.isNumericOrBool get() = this == BaseDataType.BOOL || this.isNumeric
-val BaseDataType.isSigned get() = this in setOf(BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-val BaseDataType.isUnsigned get() = !this.isSigned
-val BaseDataType.isSignedInteger get() = this.isSigned && this.isInteger
-val BaseDataType.isUnsignedInteger get() = this.isUnsigned && this.isInteger
-val BaseDataType.isArray get() = this == BaseDataType.ARRAY || this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW || this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER
-val BaseDataType.isPointer get() = this == BaseDataType.POINTER
-val BaseDataType.isStructInstance get() = this == BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE
-val BaseDataType.isPointerArray get() = this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER
-val BaseDataType.isSplitWordArray get() = this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW || this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER       // pointer arrays are also always stored as split uwords
-val BaseDataType.isIterable get() =  this in setOf(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW, BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER)
-val BaseDataType.isPassByRef get() = this.isIterable && !this.isPointer
-val BaseDataType.isPassByValue get() = !this.isIterable || this.isPointer
-
-
-/**
- * Interface for types that can be used as subtypes in DataType.
- * Primarily used for struct types.
- */
-interface ISubType {
-    val scopedNameString: String
-    fun memsize(sizer: IMemSizer): Int
-    fun sameas(other: ISubType): Boolean
-    fun getFieldType(name: String): DataType?
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Represents a complete data type in Prog8, including base type and optional subtype.
- * 
- * DataType is immutable after construction. Use the companion object factory methods
- * to create instances.
- * 
- * @property base The base data type (e.g., UBYTE, WORD, ARRAY, POINTER)
- * @property sub The subtype for arrays and strings (e.g., UBYTE for byte arrays)
- * @property subType The structured subtype for pointers and struct instances
- * @property subTypeFromAntlr Deferred subtype resolution from parser
- */
-class DataType private constructor(
-    val base: BaseDataType,
-    val sub: BaseDataType?,
-    var subType: ISubType?,
-    var subTypeFromAntlr: List<String>? = null
-) {
-
-    init {
-        when {
-            base.isPointerArray -> {
-                require(sub!=null || subType!=null || subTypeFromAntlr!=null)
-            }
-            base.isArray -> {
-                require(sub != null && subType==null && subTypeFromAntlr==null)
-                if(base.isSplitWordArray)
-                    require(sub == BaseDataType.UWORD || sub == BaseDataType.WORD)
-            }
-            base==BaseDataType.STR -> require(sub==BaseDataType.UBYTE) { "string subtype should be ubyte" }
-            base!=BaseDataType.POINTER -> require(sub == null) { "only string, array and pointer base types can have a subtype"}
-            else -> {
-                require(sub == null || (subType == null && subTypeFromAntlr == null)) {
-                    "sub and subtype can't both be set"
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
-        if (this === other) return true
-        if (other !is DataType) return false
-        return base == other.base && sub == other.sub && (subType==other.subType || subType!!.sameas(other.subType!!))
-    }
-
-    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(base, sub, subType)
-
-    fun setActualSubType(actualSubType: ISubType) {
-        subType = actualSubType
-        subTypeFromAntlr = null
-    }
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // Companion Object - Factory Methods
-    // ============================================================================
-    
-    companion object {
-
-        val UBYTE = DataType(BaseDataType.UBYTE, null, null)
-        val BYTE = DataType(BaseDataType.BYTE, null, null)
-        val UWORD = DataType(BaseDataType.UWORD, null, null)
-        val WORD = DataType(BaseDataType.WORD, null, null)
-        val LONG = DataType(BaseDataType.LONG, null, null)
-        val FLOAT = DataType(BaseDataType.FLOAT, null, null)
-        val BOOL = DataType(BaseDataType.BOOL, null, null)
-        val STR = DataType(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.UBYTE, null)
-        val UNDEFINED = DataType(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED, null, null)
-
-        private val simpletypes = mapOf(
-            BaseDataType.UBYTE to DataType(BaseDataType.UBYTE, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.BYTE to DataType(BaseDataType.BYTE, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.UWORD to DataType(BaseDataType.UWORD, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.WORD to DataType(BaseDataType.WORD, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.LONG to DataType(BaseDataType.LONG, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.FLOAT to DataType(BaseDataType.FLOAT, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.BOOL to DataType(BaseDataType.BOOL, null, null),
-            BaseDataType.STR to DataType(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.UBYTE, null),
-            BaseDataType.UNDEFINED to DataType(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED, null, null)
-        )
-
-        fun forDt(dt: BaseDataType): DataType {
-            if(dt.isStructInstance)
-                TODO("cannot use struct instance as a data type (yet) - use a pointer instead")
-            return simpletypes.getValue(dt)
-        }
-
-        fun arrayFor(elementDt: BaseDataType, splitwordarray: Boolean=true): DataType {
-            require(!elementDt.isPointer) { "use other array constructor for arrays of pointers" }
-            val actualElementDt = if(elementDt==BaseDataType.STR) BaseDataType.UWORD else elementDt      // array of strings is actually just an array of UWORD pointers
-            return if(splitwordarray && actualElementDt.isWord)
-                DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW, actualElementDt, null)
-            else {
-                if(actualElementDt.isNumericOrBool)
-                    DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY, actualElementDt, null)
-                else
-                    throw NoSuchElementException("invalid basic element dt $elementDt")
-            }
-        }
-
-        fun arrayOfPointersTo(sub: BaseDataType): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER, sub, null)
-        fun arrayOfPointersTo(structType: ISubType?): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER, null, structType)
-        fun arrayOfPointersFromAntlrTo(sub: BaseDataType?, identifier: List<String>?): DataType =
-            DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER, sub, null, identifier)
-
-        fun pointer(base: BaseDataType): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.POINTER, base, null)
-        fun pointer(dt: DataType): DataType = if(dt.isBasic)
-                DataType(BaseDataType.POINTER, dt.base, null)
-            else
-                DataType(BaseDataType.POINTER, null, dt.subType, dt.subTypeFromAntlr)
-        fun pointer(structType: ISubType): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.POINTER, null, structType)
-        fun pointerFromAntlr(identifier: List<String>): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.POINTER, null, null, identifier)
-        fun structInstance(type: ISubType?): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE, sub=null, type)
-        fun structInstanceFromAntlr(struct: List<String>): DataType = DataType(BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE, null, null, subTypeFromAntlr = struct)
-    }
-
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // DataType Methods
-    // ============================================================================
-
-    fun elementToArray(splitwords: Boolean = true): DataType {
-        return if (base == BaseDataType.UWORD || base == BaseDataType.WORD || base == BaseDataType.STR) arrayFor(base, splitwords)
-        else arrayFor(base, false)
-    }
-
-    fun elementType(): DataType =
-        when {
-            isPointerArray -> DataType(BaseDataType.POINTER, sub, subType)
-            base.isArray || base==BaseDataType.STR -> forDt(sub!!)
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("not an array")
-        }
-
-    fun typeForAddressOf(msb: Boolean): DataType {
-        if (isUndefined)
-            return if(msb) pointer(BaseDataType.UBYTE) else UWORD
-        else {
-            if (isBasic)
-                return pointer(base)
-            if (isString)
-                return pointer(BaseDataType.UBYTE)
-            if (isPointer)
-                return UWORD
-            if (isArray) {
-                if (msb || isSplitWordArray)
-                    return pointer(BaseDataType.UBYTE)
-                val elementDt = elementType()
-                require(elementDt.isBasic)
-                return pointer(elementDt)
-            }
-            if (subType != null)
-                return pointer(this)
-            return UWORD
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun dereference(): DataType {
-        require(isPointer || isUnsignedWord) { "cannot dereference non-pointer type ${this}"}
-        return when {
-            isUnsignedWord -> forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE)
-            sub!=null -> forDt(sub)
-            subType!=null -> DataType(BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE, null, subType)
-            subTypeFromAntlr!=null -> DataType(BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE, null, null, subTypeFromAntlr)
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("cannot dereference this pointer type")
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun toString(): String = when(base) {
-        BaseDataType.ARRAY -> {
-            when(sub) {
-                BaseDataType.BOOL -> "bool[]"
-                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> "float[]"
-                BaseDataType.BYTE -> "byte[]"
-                BaseDataType.WORD -> "word[]"
-                BaseDataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte[]"
-                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword[]"
-                BaseDataType.LONG -> "long[]"
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW -> {
-            when(sub) {
-                BaseDataType.WORD -> "word[] (split)"
-                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword[] (split)"
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.POINTER -> {
-            if(sub!=null) "^^${sub.name.lowercase()}" else if(subType!=null) "^^${subType!!.scopedNameString}" else "^^${subTypeFromAntlr}"
-        }
-        BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER -> {
-            if(sub!=null) "^^${sub.name.lowercase()}[] (split)" else if (subType!=null) "^^${subType!!.scopedNameString}[] (split)" else "^^${subTypeFromAntlr}[] (split)"
-        }
-        BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE -> {
-            sub?.name?.lowercase() ?: if (subType!=null) subType!!.scopedNameString else "$subTypeFromAntlr"
-        }
-        else -> base.name.lowercase()
-    }
-
-    fun sourceString(): String = when (base) {
-        BaseDataType.BOOL -> "bool"
-        BaseDataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
-        BaseDataType.BYTE -> "byte"
-        BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword"
-        BaseDataType.WORD -> "word"
-        BaseDataType.LONG -> "long"
-        BaseDataType.FLOAT -> "float"
-        BaseDataType.STR -> "str"
-        BaseDataType.POINTER -> {
-            when {
-                sub!=null -> "^^${sub.name.lowercase()}"
-                subType!=null -> "^^${subType!!.scopedNameString}"
-                subTypeFromAntlr!=null -> "^^${subTypeFromAntlr!!.joinToString(".")}"
-                else -> "?????"
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE -> {
-            when {
-                sub!=null -> sub.name.lowercase()
-                subType!=null -> subType!!.scopedNameString
-                subTypeFromAntlr!=null -> subTypeFromAntlr!!.joinToString(".")
-                else -> "?????"
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER -> {
-            when {
-                sub!=null -> "^^${sub.name.lowercase()}["
-                subType!=null -> "^^${subType!!.scopedNameString}["
-                subTypeFromAntlr!=null -> "^^${subTypeFromAntlr!!.joinToString(".")}["
-                else -> "????? ["
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.ARRAY -> {
-            when(sub) {
-                BaseDataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte["
-                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "@nosplit uword["
-                BaseDataType.BOOL -> "bool["
-                BaseDataType.BYTE -> "byte["
-                BaseDataType.WORD -> "@nosplit word["
-                BaseDataType.LONG -> "long["
-                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> "float["
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW -> {
-            when(sub) {
-                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword["
-                BaseDataType.WORD -> "word["
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
-            }
-        }
-        BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> throw IllegalArgumentException("wrong dt")
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Check if this type is assignable to the given target type (perhaps via a typecast)
-     * without loss of precision.
-     */
-    infix fun isAssignableTo(targetType: DataType) =
-        when(base) {
-            BaseDataType.BOOL -> targetType.base == BaseDataType.BOOL
-            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-            BaseDataType.BYTE -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-            BaseDataType.UWORD -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT, BaseDataType.POINTER, BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER)
-            BaseDataType.WORD -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-            BaseDataType.LONG -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.FLOAT)
-            BaseDataType.STR -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.UWORD) || (targetType.isPointer && targetType.sub==BaseDataType.UBYTE)
-            BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW -> targetType.base in setOf(BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW) && targetType.sub == sub
-            BaseDataType.POINTER -> {
-                when {
-                    targetType.base == BaseDataType.UWORD || targetType.base == BaseDataType.LONG -> true
-                    targetType.isPointer -> this.isUnsignedWord || this == targetType
-                    else -> false
-                }
-            }
-            BaseDataType.STRUCT_INSTANCE -> false        // we cannot deal with actual struct instances yet in any shape or form (only getting fields from it)
-            BaseDataType.ARRAY_POINTER -> false
-            BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> false
-        }
-
-    fun largerSizeThan(other: DataType): Boolean = base.largerSizeThan(other.base)
-    fun equalsSize(other: DataType): Boolean = base.equalsSize(other.base)
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the memory size in bytes.
-     * Note: for pointer types, size() doesn't return the size of the pointer itself
-     * but the size of the thing it points to.
-     */
-    fun size(memsizer: IMemSizer): Int = if(sub!=null) {
-            memsizer.memorySize(sub)
-        } else if(subType!=null) {
-            subType!!.memsize(memsizer)
-        } else {
-            memsizer.memorySize(base)
-        }
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // DataType Properties
-    // ============================================================================
-
-    val isBasic = sub==null && subType==null && subTypeFromAntlr==null
-    val isUndefined = base == BaseDataType.UNDEFINED
-    val isByte = base.isByte
-    val isUnsignedByte = base == BaseDataType.UBYTE
-    val isSignedByte = base == BaseDataType.BYTE
-    val isByteOrBool = base.isByteOrBool
-    val isWord = base.isWord
-    val isUnsignedWord =  base == BaseDataType.UWORD
-    val isSignedWord =  base == BaseDataType.WORD
-    val isInteger = base.isInteger
-    val isWordOrByteOrBool = base.isWordOrByteOrBool
-    val isIntegerOrBool = base.isIntegerOrBool
-    val isNumeric = base.isNumeric
-    val isNumericOrBool = base.isNumericOrBool
-    val isSigned = base.isSigned
-    val isUnsigned = !base.isSigned
-    val isSignedInteger = isSigned && isInteger
-    val isUnsignedInteger = isUnsigned && isInteger
-    val isArray = base.isArray
-    val isPointer = base.isPointer
-    val isPointerToByte = base.isPointer && sub?.isByteOrBool==true
-    val isPointerToWord = base.isPointer && sub?.isWord==true
-    val isStructInstance = base.isStructInstance
-    val isPointerArray = base.isPointerArray
-    val isBoolArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.BOOL
-    val isByteArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && (sub == BaseDataType.UBYTE || sub == BaseDataType.BYTE)
-    val isUnsignedByteArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.UBYTE
-    val isSignedByteArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.BYTE
-    val isWordArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && (sub == BaseDataType.UWORD || sub == BaseDataType.WORD)
-    val isUnsignedWordArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.UWORD
-    val isSignedWordArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.WORD
-    val isLongArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.LONG
-    val isFloatArray = base.isArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.FLOAT
-    val isString = base == BaseDataType.STR
-    val isBool = base == BaseDataType.BOOL
-    val isFloat = base == BaseDataType.FLOAT
-    val isLong = base == BaseDataType.LONG
-    val isStringly = base == BaseDataType.STR || base == BaseDataType.UWORD || (base == BaseDataType.ARRAY && (sub == BaseDataType.UBYTE || sub == BaseDataType.BYTE))
-    val isSplitWordArray = base.isSplitWordArray
-    val isSplitUnsignedWordArray = base.isSplitWordArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.UWORD
-    val isSplitSignedWordArray = base.isSplitWordArray && !base.isPointerArray && sub == BaseDataType.WORD
-    val isIterable =  base.isIterable
-    val isPassByRef = base.isPassByRef
-    val isPassByValue = base.isPassByValue
-}
@@ -1,5 +1,57 @@
 package prog8.code.core

+enum class DataType {
+    UBYTE,              // pass by value
+    BYTE,               // pass by value
+    UWORD,              // pass by value
+    WORD,               // pass by value
+    FLOAT,              // pass by value
+    BOOL,               // pass by value
+    STR,                // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_UB,           // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_B,            // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_UW,           // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_W,            // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_F,            // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_BOOL,         // pass by reference
+    UNDEFINED;
+
+    /**
+     * is the type assignable to the given other type (perhaps via a typecast) without loss of precision?
+     */
+    infix fun isAssignableTo(targetType: DataType) =
+        when(this) {
+            BOOL -> targetType.oneOf(BOOL, BYTE, UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, FLOAT)
+            UBYTE -> targetType.oneOf(UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, FLOAT, BOOL)
+            BYTE -> targetType.oneOf(BYTE, WORD, FLOAT)
+            UWORD -> targetType.oneOf(UWORD, FLOAT)
+            WORD -> targetType.oneOf(WORD, FLOAT)
+            FLOAT -> targetType.oneOf(FLOAT)
+            STR -> targetType.oneOf(STR, UWORD)
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> targetType == this
+            else -> false
+        }
+
+    fun oneOf(vararg types: DataType) = this in types
+
+    infix fun largerThan(other: DataType) =
+        when {
+            this == other -> false
+            this in ByteDatatypes -> false
+            this in WordDatatypes -> other in ByteDatatypes
+            this== STR && other== UWORD || this== UWORD && other== STR -> false
+            else -> true
+        }
+
+    infix fun equalsSize(other: DataType) =
+        when {
+            this == other -> true
+            this in ByteDatatypes -> other in ByteDatatypes
+            this in WordDatatypes -> other in WordDatatypes
+            this== STR && other== UWORD || this== UWORD && other== STR -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+}

 enum class CpuRegister {
    A,
@@ -18,35 +70,10 @@ enum class RegisterOrPair {
    FAC2,
    // cx16 virtual registers:
    R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7,
-    R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15,
-    // combined virtual registers to store 32 bits longs:
-    R0R1, R2R3, R4R5, R6R7, R8R9, R10R11, R12R13, R14R15;
+    R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15;

    companion object {
-        val names: Set<String> = entries.map { it.toString() }.toSet()
-        fun fromCpuRegister(cpu: CpuRegister): RegisterOrPair {
-            return when(cpu) {
-                CpuRegister.A -> A
-                CpuRegister.X -> X
-                CpuRegister.Y -> Y
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the starting virtual register name for the current 32-bit combined virtual register
-     * @return The starting register name as a string, WITHOUT THE cx16 block scope prefix!
-     */
-    fun startregname() = when(this) {
-        R0R1 -> "r0"
-        R2R3 -> "r2"
-        R4R5 -> "r4"
-        R6R7 -> "r6"
-        R8R9 -> "r8"
-        R10R11 -> "r10"
-        R12R13 -> "r12"
-        R14R15 -> "r14"
-        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("must be a combined virtual register $this")
+        val names by lazy { values().map { it.toString()} }
    }

    fun asCpuRegister(): CpuRegister = when(this) {
@@ -56,22 +83,6 @@ enum class RegisterOrPair {
        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("no cpu hardware register for $this")
    }

-    fun asScopedNameVirtualReg(type: DataType?): List<String> {
-        require(this in Cx16VirtualRegisters || this in CombinedLongRegisters)
-        val suffix = when(type?.base) {
-            BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BOOL -> "L"
-            BaseDataType.BYTE -> "sL"
-            BaseDataType.WORD -> "s"
-            BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.POINTER, null -> ""
-            BaseDataType.LONG -> "sl"
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid register param type for cx16 virtual reg")
-        }
-        return listOf("cx16", name.lowercase()+suffix)
-    }
-
-    fun isWord() = this==AX || this == AY || this==XY || this in Cx16VirtualRegisters
-    fun isLong() = this in CombinedLongRegisters
-
 }       // only used in parameter and return value specs in asm subroutines

 enum class Statusflag {
@@ -81,7 +92,7 @@ enum class Statusflag {
    Pn;     // don't use

    companion object {
-        val names: Set<String> = entries.map { it.toString() }.toSet()
+        val names by lazy { values().map { it.toString()} }
    }
 }

@@ -97,38 +108,57 @@ enum class BranchCondition {
    PL,     // PL == POS
    POS,
    VS,
-    VC
+    VC,
 }

-val Cx16VirtualRegisters = setOf(
+
+val ByteDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.BOOL)
+val WordDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
+val IntegerDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.BOOL)
+val IntegerDatatypesNoBool = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
+val NumericDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT, DataType.BOOL)
+val NumericDatatypesNoBool = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
+val SignedDatatypes =  arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
+val ArrayDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_F, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL)
+val StringlyDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.UWORD)
+val IterableDatatypes = arrayOf(
+    DataType.STR,
+    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B,
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W,
+    DataType.ARRAY_F, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL
+)
+val PassByValueDatatypes = NumericDatatypes
+val PassByReferenceDatatypes = IterableDatatypes
+val ArrayToElementTypes = mapOf(
+    DataType.STR to DataType.UBYTE,
+    DataType.ARRAY_B to DataType.BYTE,
+    DataType.ARRAY_UB to DataType.UBYTE,
+    DataType.ARRAY_W to DataType.WORD,
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW to DataType.UWORD,
+    DataType.ARRAY_F to DataType.FLOAT,
+    DataType.ARRAY_BOOL to DataType.BOOL
+)
+val ElementToArrayTypes = mapOf(
+    DataType.BYTE to DataType.ARRAY_B,
+    DataType.UBYTE to DataType.ARRAY_UB,
+    DataType.WORD to DataType.ARRAY_W,
+    DataType.UWORD to DataType.ARRAY_UW,
+    DataType.FLOAT to DataType.ARRAY_F,
+    DataType.BOOL to DataType.ARRAY_BOOL
+)
+val Cx16VirtualRegisters = arrayOf(
    RegisterOrPair.R0, RegisterOrPair.R1, RegisterOrPair.R2, RegisterOrPair.R3,
    RegisterOrPair.R4, RegisterOrPair.R5, RegisterOrPair.R6, RegisterOrPair.R7,
    RegisterOrPair.R8, RegisterOrPair.R9, RegisterOrPair.R10, RegisterOrPair.R11,
    RegisterOrPair.R12, RegisterOrPair.R13, RegisterOrPair.R14, RegisterOrPair.R15
 )

-val CombinedLongRegisters = setOf(
-    RegisterOrPair.R0R1,
-    RegisterOrPair.R2R3,
-    RegisterOrPair.R4R5,
-    RegisterOrPair.R6R7,
-    RegisterOrPair.R8R9,
-    RegisterOrPair.R10R11,
-    RegisterOrPair.R12R13,
-    RegisterOrPair.R14R15
-)
-
-val CpuRegisters = setOf(
-    RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.Y,
-    RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY
-)


 enum class OutputType {
    RAW,
    PRG,
-    XEX,
-    LIBRARY
+    XEX
 }

 enum class CbmPrgLauncherType {
@@ -150,8 +180,3 @@ enum class ZeropageWish {
    DONTCARE,
    NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE
 }
-
-enum class SplitWish {
-    DONTCARE,
-    NOSPLIT
-}
@@ -1,22 +1,17 @@
-package prog8.code
+package prog8.code.core

+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter

 interface ICodeGeneratorBackend {
    fun generate(program: PtProgram,
                 symbolTable: SymbolTable,
                 options: CompilationOptions,
-                 errors: IErrorReporter
-    ): IAssemblyProgram?
+                 errors: IErrorReporter): IAssemblyProgram?
 }


 interface IAssemblyProgram {
    val name: String
-    val irInstructionCount: Int
-    val irChunkCount: Int
-    val irRegisterCount: Int
    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean
 }
@@ -1,42 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.code.core

-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-enum class CpuType {
-    CPU6502,
-    CPU65C02,
-    VIRTUAL
-}
-
 interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
    val name: String
-
-    val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
-    val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
-    val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: UInt
-    val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE: UInt        // this is here, so that certain compiler targets are able to tune this
-    val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
-    val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS: UInt
-    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
-    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
-    val BSSGOLDENRAM_START: UInt
-    val BSSGOLDENRAM_END: UInt
-
-    val cpu: CpuType
-    var zeropage: Zeropage
-    val libraryPath: Path?
-    val customLauncher: List<String>
-    val additionalAssemblerOptions: List<String>
-    val defaultOutputType: OutputType
-
-    fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
-    fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String
-
-    fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte>
-    fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double
-
-    fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean)
-    fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean
+    val machine: IMachineDefinition
+    val supportedEncodings: Set<Encoding>
+    val defaultEncoding: Encoding

    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
@@ -3,16 +3,10 @@ package prog8.code.core
 interface IErrorReporter {
    fun err(msg: String, position: Position)
    fun warn(msg: String, position: Position)
-    fun info(msg: String, position: Position)
-    fun undefined(symbol: List<String>, suggestImport: Boolean=false, position: Position)
    fun noErrors(): Boolean
    fun report()
-    fun finalizeNumErrors(numErrors: Int, numWarnings: Int, numInfos: Int) {
+    fun finalizeNumErrors(numErrors: Int, numWarnings: Int) {
        if(numErrors>0)
-            throw ErrorsReportedException("There are $numErrors errors, $numWarnings warnings, and $numInfos infos.")
+            throw ErrorsReportedException("There are $numErrors errors and $numWarnings warnings.")
    }
-
-    fun noErrorForLine(position: Position): Boolean
-
-    fun printSingleError(errormessage: String)
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+
+enum class CpuType {
+    CPU6502,
+    CPU65c02,
+    VIRTUAL
+}
+
+interface IMachineDefinition {
+    val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
+    val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
+    val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
+    var ESTACK_LO: UInt
+    var ESTACK_HI: UInt
+    val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
+
+    val cpu: CpuType
+    var zeropage: Zeropage
+    var golden: GoldenRam
+
+    fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
+    fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String
+
+    fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String>
+    fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path)
+    fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean
+    fun overrideEvalStack(evalStackBaseAddress: UInt) {
+        require(evalStackBaseAddress and 255u == 0u)
+        ESTACK_LO = evalStackBaseAddress
+        ESTACK_HI = evalStackBaseAddress + 256u
+        require(ESTACK_LO !in golden.region && ESTACK_HI !in golden.region) { "user-set ESTACK can't be in GOLDEN ram" }
+    }
+
+}
@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.code.core

 interface IMemSizer {
-    fun memorySize(dt: DataType, numElements: Int?): Int
-
-    fun memorySize(dt: BaseDataType): Int {
-        if(dt.isPassByRef)
-            return memorySize(DataType.UWORD, null)      // a pointer size
-        try {
-            return memorySize(DataType.forDt(dt), null)
-        } catch (x: NoSuchElementException) {
-            throw IllegalArgumentException(x.message)
-        }
-    }
+    fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int
+    fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int): Int
 }
@@ -5,17 +5,10 @@ enum class Encoding(val prefix: String) {
    PETSCII("petscii"),         // c64/c128/cx16
    SCREENCODES("sc"),          // c64/c128/cx16
    ATASCII("atascii"),         // atari
-    ISO("iso"),                 // cx16  (iso-8859-15)
-    ISO5("iso5"),               // cx16  (iso-8859-5, cyrillic)
-    ISO16("iso16"),             // cx16  (iso-8859-16, eastern european)
-    CP437("cp437"),             // cx16  (ibm pc, codepage 437)
-    KATAKANA("kata"),           // cx16  (katakana)
-    C64OS("c64os")              // c64 (C64 OS)
+    ISO("iso")                  // cx16
 }

 interface IStringEncoding {
-    val defaultEncoding: Encoding
-
    fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
    fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }
@@ -22,27 +22,24 @@ abstract class MemoryAllocator(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
 abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {

    abstract val SCRATCH_B1 : UInt      // temp storage for a single byte
-    abstract val SCRATCH_REG : UInt     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
-    abstract val SCRATCH_W1 : UInt      // temp storage 1 for a word
-    abstract val SCRATCH_W2 : UInt      // temp storage 2 for a word
-    abstract val SCRATCH_PTR : UInt     // temp storage for a pointer
+    abstract val SCRATCH_REG : UInt     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    abstract val SCRATCH_W1 : UInt      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
+    abstract val SCRATCH_W2 : UInt      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc


-    // Collections for zeropage allocation (single-threaded usage)
+    // the variables allocated into Zeropage.
    // name (scoped) ==> pair of address to (Datatype + bytesize)
    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<String, VarAllocation>()
-    val free = mutableSetOf<UInt>()     // subclasses must set this to the appropriate free locations.
+
+    val free = mutableListOf<UInt>()     // subclasses must set this to the appropriate free locations.

    fun removeReservedFromFreePool() {
-        for (reserved in options.zpReserved)
-            reserve(reserved)
+        synchronized(this) {
+            for (reserved in options.zpReserved)
+                reserve(reserved)

-        free.removeAll(setOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1u, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1u, SCRATCH_PTR, SCRATCH_PTR+1u))
-    }
-
-    fun retainAllowed() {
-        for(allowed in options.zpAllowed)
-            free.retainAll { it in allowed }
+            free.removeAll(setOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1u, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1u))
+        }
    }

    fun availableBytes() = if(options.zeropage== ZeropageType.DONTUSE) 0 else free.size
@@ -60,16 +57,15 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
                          position: Position?,
                          errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {

-        require(name.isEmpty() || !allocatedVariables.containsKey(name)) {"name can't be allocated twice"}
+        require(name.isEmpty() || name !in allocatedVariables) {"name can't be allocated twice"}

        if(options.zeropage== ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
            return Err(MemAllocationError("zero page usage has been disabled"))

        val size: Int =
-                when {
-                    datatype.isIntegerOrBool -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, null)
-                    datatype.isPointer -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, null)
-                    datatype.isString || datatype.isArray -> {
+                when (datatype) {
+                    in IntegerDatatypes -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype)
+                    DataType.STR, in ArrayDatatypes  -> {
                        val memsize = options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
                        if(position!=null)
                            errors.warn("allocating a large value in zeropage; str/array $memsize bytes", position)
@@ -77,9 +73,9 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
                            errors.warn("$name: allocating a large value in zeropage; str/array $memsize bytes", Position.DUMMY)
                        memsize
                    }
-                    datatype.isFloat -> {
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
                        if (options.floats) {
-                            val memsize = options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT, null)
+                            val memsize = options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
                            if(position!=null)
                                errors.warn("allocating a large value in zeropage; float $memsize bytes", position)
                            else
@@ -90,17 +86,19 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
                    else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")
                }

-        if(free.isNotEmpty()) {
-            if(size==1) {
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if(free.size > 0) {
+                if(size==1) {
+                    for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
+                        if(oneSeparateByteFree(candidate))
+                            return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
+                    }
+                    return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(free[0], 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
+                }
                for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
-                    if(oneSeparateByteFree(candidate))
-                        return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
+                    if (sequentialFree(candidate, size))
+                        return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, name), datatype, size))
                }
-                return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(free.first(), 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
-            }
-            for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
-                if (sequentialFree(candidate, size))
-                    return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, name), datatype, size))
            }
        }

@@ -113,23 +111,56 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
        require(size>=0)
        free.removeAll(address until address+size.toUInt())
        if(name.isNotEmpty()) {
-            allocatedVariables[name] = when {
-                datatype.isNumericOrBool -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
-                datatype.isString -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
-                datatype.isArray -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
-                datatype.isPointer -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+            allocatedVariables[name] = when(datatype) {
+                in NumericDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
+                DataType.STR -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
            }
        }
        return address
    }

-    private fun oneSeparateByteFree(address: UInt) = 
-        address in free && 
-        (address == 0u || address-1u !in free) && 
-        address+1u !in free
+    private fun oneSeparateByteFree(address: UInt) = address in free && address-1u !in free && address+1u !in free
    private fun sequentialFree(address: UInt, size: Int): Boolean {
        require(size>0)
        return free.containsAll((address until address+size.toUInt()).toList())
    }
+
+    abstract fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
 }
+
+
+// TODO: this class is not yet used
+class GoldenRam(options: CompilationOptions, val region: UIntRange): MemoryAllocator(options) {
+    private var nextLocation: UInt = region.first
+
+    override fun allocate(
+        name: String,
+        datatype: DataType,
+        numElements: Int?,
+        position: Position?,
+        errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {
+
+        val size: Int =
+            when (datatype) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype)
+                DataType.STR, in ArrayDatatypes  -> {
+                    options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if (options.floats) {
+                        options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                    } else return Err(MemAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
+                }
+                else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")
+            }
+
+        return if(nextLocation<=region.last && (region.last + 1u - nextLocation) >= size.toUInt()) {
+            val result = Ok(VarAllocation(nextLocation, datatype, size))
+            nextLocation += size.toUInt()
+            result
+        } else
+            Err(MemAllocationError("no more free space in Golden RAM to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
+    }
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.code.core

-val CommutativeOperators = setOf("+", "*", "&", "|", "^", "==", "!=", "xor")       // note: and,or are not commutative because of Shortcircuit/McCarthy evaluation
+val AssociativeOperators = setOf("+", "*", "&", "|", "^", "==", "!=")
 val ComparisonOperators = setOf("==", "!=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=")
-val LogicalOperators = setOf("and", "or", "xor", "not", "in")
+val LogicalOperators = setOf("and", "or", "xor", "not")
+val AugmentAssignmentOperators = setOf("+", "-", "/", "*", "&", "|", "^", "<<", ">>", "%", "and", "or", "xor")
 val BitwiseOperators = setOf("&", "|", "^", "~")
 val PrefixOperators = setOf("+", "-", "~", "not")
+// val InvalidOperatorsForBoolean = setOf("+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "<<", ">>") + BitwiseOperators

 fun invertedComparisonOperator(operator: String) =
    when (operator) {
@@ -1,32 +1,21 @@
 package prog8.code.core

-import prog8.code.sanitize
-import prog8.code.source.SourceCode
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
 import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.absolute

-/**
- * Source code position.
- */
-data class Position(
-    val file: String,
-    val line: Int,           // line number (1-based)
-    val startCol: Int,       // start column (1-based, tab-expanded)
-    val endCol: Int          // end column (1-based, tab-expanded)
-) {
-    override fun toString(): String {
-        return "[$file: line $line col ${startCol}-${endCol}]"
-    }
-
+data class Position(val file: String, val line: Int, val startCol: Int, val endCol: Int) {
+    override fun toString(): String = "[$file: line $line col ${startCol+1}-${endCol+1}]"
    fun toClickableStr(): String {
        if(this===DUMMY)
            return ""
-        if(SourceCode.isLibraryResource(file))
+        if(file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix))
            return "$file:$line:$startCol:"
        return try {
-            val path = Path(file).sanitize().toUri().toString()
-            "$path:$line:$startCol:"
-        } catch(_: InvalidPathException) {
+            val path = Path(file).absolute().normalize().toString()
+            "file://$path:$line:$startCol:"
+        } catch(x: InvalidPathException) {
            // this can occur on Windows when the source origin contains "invalid" characters such as ':'
            "file://$file:$line:$startCol:"
        }
@@ -35,4 +24,4 @@ data class Position(
    companion object {
        val DUMMY = Position("~dummy~", 0, 0, 0)
    }
-}
+}
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-package prog8.code.source
+package prog8.code.core

-import prog8.code.sanitize
+import java.io.File
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import java.text.Normalizer
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.absolute
 import kotlin.io.path.readText

+
+const val internedStringsModuleName = "prog8_interned_strings"
+
+
 /**
 * Encapsulates - and ties together - actual source code (=text) and its [origin].
 */
@@ -23,11 +25,6 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
     */
    abstract val isFromFilesystem: Boolean

-    /**
-     * Whether this [SourceCode] instance was created from a library module file
-     */
-    abstract val isFromLibrary: Boolean
-
    /**
     * The logical name of the source code unit. Usually the module's name.
     */
@@ -57,46 +54,34 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
        /**
         * filename prefix to designate library files that will be retreived from internal resources rather than disk
         */
-        private const val LIBRARYFILEPREFIX = "library:"
-        private const val STRINGSOURCEPREFIX = "string:"
-        val curdir: Path = Path(".").absolute()
-        fun relative(path: Path): Path = curdir.relativize(path.sanitize())
-        fun isRegularFilesystemPath(pathString: String) = !isLibraryResource(pathString) && !isStringResource(pathString)
-        fun isLibraryResource(path: String) = path.startsWith(LIBRARYFILEPREFIX)
-        fun isStringResource(path: String) = path.startsWith(STRINGSOURCEPREFIX)
-        fun withoutPrefix(path: String): String {
-            return if(isLibraryResource(path))
-                path.removePrefix(LIBRARYFILEPREFIX)
-            else if(isStringResource(path))
-                path.removePrefix(STRINGSOURCEPREFIX)
-            else
-                path
-        }
+        const val libraryFilePrefix = "library:"
+        const val stringSourcePrefix = "string:"
+        val curdir: Path = Path(".").toAbsolutePath()
+        fun relative(path: Path): Path = curdir.relativize(path.toAbsolutePath())
+        fun isRegularFilesystemPath(pathString: String) =
+            !(pathString.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix) || pathString.startsWith(stringSourcePrefix))
    }

    /**
     * Turn a plain String into a [SourceCode] object.
     * [origin] will be something like `string:44c56085`.
     */
-    class Text(origText: String): SourceCode() {
-        override val text = origText.replace("\\R".toRegex(), "\n")      // normalize line endings
+    class Text(override val text: String): SourceCode() {
        override val isFromResources = false
        override val isFromFilesystem = false
-        override val isFromLibrary = false
-        override val origin = "$STRINGSOURCEPREFIX${System.identityHashCode(text).toString(16)}"
+        override val origin = "$stringSourcePrefix${System.identityHashCode(text).toString(16)}"
        override val name = "<unnamed-text>"
    }

    /**
     * Get [SourceCode] from the file represented by the specified Path.
     * This immediately reads the file fully into memory.
-     * You can only get an instance of this via the ImportFileSystem object.
     *
     * [origin] will be the given path in absolute and normalized form.
     * @throws NoSuchFileException if the file does not exist
     * @throws FileSystemException if the file cannot be read
     */
-    internal class File(path: Path, override val isFromLibrary: Boolean): SourceCode() {
+    class File(path: Path): SourceCode() {
        override val text: String
        override val origin: String
        override val name: String
@@ -107,8 +92,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
            val normalized = path.normalize()
            origin = relative(normalized).toString()
            try {
-                val contents = Normalizer.normalize(normalized.readText(), Normalizer.Form.NFC)
-                text = contents.replace("\\R".toRegex(), "\n")      // normalize line endings
+                text = normalized.readText()
                name = normalized.toFile().nameWithoutExtension
            } catch (nfx: java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException) {
                throw NoSuchFileException(normalized.toFile()).also { it.initCause(nfx) }
@@ -120,15 +104,13 @@ sealed class SourceCode {

    /**
     * [origin]: `library:/x/y/z.p8` for a given `pathString` of "x/y/z.p8"
-     * You can only get an instance of this via the ImportFileSystem object.
     */
-    internal class Resource(pathString: String): SourceCode() {
+    class Resource(pathString: String): SourceCode() {
        private val normalized = "/" + Path(pathString).normalize().toMutableList().joinToString("/")

        override val isFromResources = true
        override val isFromFilesystem = false
-        override val isFromLibrary = true
-        override val origin = "$LIBRARYFILEPREFIX$normalized"
+        override val origin = "$libraryFilePrefix$normalized"
        override val text: String
        override val name: String

@@ -137,13 +119,12 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
            if (rscURL == null) {
                val rscRoot = object {}.javaClass.getResource("/")
                throw NoSuchFileException(
-                    java.io.File(normalized),
+                    File(normalized),
                    reason = "looked in resources rooted at $rscRoot"
                )
            }
            val stream = object {}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream(normalized)
-            val contents = stream!!.reader().use { Normalizer.normalize(it.readText(), Normalizer.Form.NFC) }
-            text = contents.replace("\\R".toRegex(), "\n")      // normalize line endings
+            text = stream!!.reader().use { it.readText() }
            name = Path(pathString).toFile().nameWithoutExtension
        }
    }
@@ -154,8 +135,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
    class Generated(override val name: String) : SourceCode() {
        override val isFromResources: Boolean = false
        override val isFromFilesystem: Boolean = false
-        override val isFromLibrary: Boolean = false
        override val origin: String = name
        override val text: String = "<generated code node, no text representation>"
    }
-}
+}
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.source
-
-import prog8.code.core.Position
-import prog8.code.sanitize
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
-import kotlin.io.path.Path
-
-
-// Resource caching "filesystem".
-// Note that it leaves the decision to load a resource or an actual disk file to the caller.
-// Thread-safe: uses ConcurrentHashMap for all caches.
-
-object ImportFileSystem {
-
-    val userHome: Path get() = Path.of(System.getProperty("user.home"))
-
-    fun expandTilde(path: String): String = if (path.startsWith("~")) {
-        userHome.toString() + path.drop(1)
-    } else {
-        path
-    }
-
-    fun expandTilde(path: Path): Path = Path(expandTilde(path.toString()))
-
-    fun getFile(path: Path, isLibrary: Boolean=false): SourceCode {
-        val normalized = path.sanitize()
-        return cache.computeIfAbsent(normalized.toString().lowercase()) {
-            SourceCode.File(normalized, isLibrary)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun getResource(name: String): SourceCode {
-        return cache.computeIfAbsent(name.lowercase()) {
-            SourceCode.Resource(name)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun clearCaches() {
-        cache.clear()
-        lineSpanCache.clear()
-    }
-
-    fun retrieveSourceLine(position: Position): String {
-        if(SourceCode.isLibraryResource(position.file)) {
-            val key = SourceCode.withoutPrefix(position.file)
-            val cached = cache[key.lowercase()]
-                ?: runCatching { getResource(key) }.getOrNull()
-            if(cached != null)
-                return getLine(cached, position.line)
-        }
-        val cached = cache[position.file.lowercase()]
-        if(cached != null)
-            return getLine(cached, position.line)
-        val path = Path(position.file).sanitize()
-        val cached2 = cache[path.toString().lowercase()]
-        if(cached2 != null)
-            return getLine(cached2, position.line)
-        throw NoSuchElementException("cannot get source line $position, with path $path")
-    }
-
-    private fun getLine(code: SourceCode, lineIndex: Int): String {
-        val spans = lineSpanCache.computeIfAbsent(code) {
-            val lineSpans = Regex("^", RegexOption.MULTILINE).findAll(code.text).map { it.range.first }
-            val ends = lineSpans.drop(1) + code.text.length
-            lineSpans.zip(ends).map { (start, end) -> LineSpan(start, end) }.toList().toTypedArray()
-        }
-        val span = spans[lineIndex - 1]
-        return code.text.substring(span.start, span.end).trim()
-    }
-
-    private class LineSpan(val start: Int, val end: Int)
-
-    private val cache = ConcurrentHashMap<String, SourceCode>()
-    private val lineSpanCache = ConcurrentHashMap<SourceCode, Array<LineSpan>>()
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package prog8.code.target
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.atari.AtariMachineDefinition
+
+
+class AtariTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer {
+    override val name = NAME
+    override val machine = AtariMachineDefinition()
+    override val supportedEncodings = setOf(Encoding.ATASCII)
+    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.ATASCII
+
+    companion object {
+        const val NAME = "atari"
+    }
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes, in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> Int.MIN_VALUE
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) =
+        memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)) * numElements
+}
@@ -1,79 +1,20 @@
 package prog8.code.target

-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
-import prog8.code.target.zp.C128Zeropage
-import java.nio.file.Path
+import prog8.code.core.Encoding
+import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.target.c128.C128MachineDefinition
+import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer


-class C128Target: ICompilationTarget,
-    IStringEncoding by Encoder(true),
-    IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
-
+class C128Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
    override val name = NAME
+    override val machine = C128MachineDefinition()
+    override val supportedEncodings = setOf(Encoding.PETSCII, Encoding.SCREENCODES)
    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
-    override val libraryPath = null
-    override val customLauncher = emptyList<String>()
-    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = emptyList<String>()
-    override val defaultOutputType = OutputType.PRG

    companion object {
        const val NAME = "c128"
    }
-
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE.toUInt()
-    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x1c01u
-    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0xc000u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u      // no high ram
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u        // no high ram
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0x1300u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0x1bdfu     //  note: $1be0 - $1bff contains the 16 virtual registers
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean) {
-        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
-            System.err.println("The c128 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
-            return
-        }
-
-        if(!quiet)
-            println("\nStarting C-128 emulator x128...")
-
-        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
-        val cmdline = listOf("x128", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
-            "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline)
-        if(!quiet)
-            processb.inheritIO()
-        val process: Process = processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu || address in 0xff00u..0xff04u
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = C128Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-    }
-
 }
@@ -1,109 +1,22 @@
 package prog8.code.target

-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
-import prog8.code.target.zp.C64Zeropage
-import java.io.IOException
-import java.nio.file.Path
+import prog8.code.core.Encoding
+import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer


-class C64Target: ICompilationTarget,
-    IStringEncoding by Encoder(true),
-    IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
-
+class C64Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
    override val name = NAME
+    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition()
+    override val supportedEncodings = setOf(Encoding.PETSCII, Encoding.SCREENCODES)
    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
-    override val libraryPath = null
-    override val customLauncher = emptyList<String>()
-    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = emptyList<String>()
-    override val defaultOutputType = OutputType.PRG

    companion object {
        const val NAME = "c64"

        fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"
    }
-
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE.toUInt()
-    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
-    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0xcfe0u      // $a000  if floats are used
-    // note that at $cfe0-$cfff are the 16 'virtual registers' R0-R15
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xc000u
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xcfdfu
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u        // no golden ram on C64
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean) {
-        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
-            System.err.println("The c64 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
-            return
-        }
-
-        for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
-            if(!quiet)
-                println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
-
-            val viceMonlist = viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
-            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
-                "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
-            val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline)
-            if(!quiet)
-                processb.inheritIO()
-            val process: Process
-            try {
-                process=processb.start()
-            } catch(_: IOException) {
-                continue  // try the next emulator executable
-            }
-            process.waitFor()
-            break
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-    }
-
-}
-
-
-val CompilationTargets = listOf(
-    C64Target.NAME,
-    C128Target.NAME,
-    Cx16Target.NAME,
-    PETTarget.NAME,
-    VMTarget.NAME
-)
-
-fun getCompilationTargetByName(name: String) = when(name.lowercase()) {
-    C64Target.NAME -> C64Target()
-    C128Target.NAME -> C128Target()
-    Cx16Target.NAME -> Cx16Target()
-    PETTarget.NAME -> PETTarget()
-    VMTarget.NAME -> VMTarget()
-    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid compilation target")
 }
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.source.ImportFileSystem.expandTilde
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
-import prog8.code.target.zp.ConfigurableZeropage
-import java.io.IOException
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import java.util.*
-import kotlin.io.path.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.inputStream
-import kotlin.io.path.isDirectory
-import kotlin.io.path.nameWithoutExtension
-
-
-class ConfigFileTarget(
-    override val name: String,
-    override val defaultEncoding: Encoding,
-    override val cpu: CpuType,
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS: UInt,
-    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS: UInt,
-    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE: UInt,
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt,
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt,
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START: UInt,
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END: UInt,
-    override val defaultOutputType: OutputType,
-    override val libraryPath: Path,
-    override val customLauncher: List<String>,
-    override val additionalAssemblerOptions: List<String>,
-    val ioAddresses: List<UIntRange>,
-    val zpScratchB1: UInt,
-    val zpScratchReg: UInt,
-    val zpScratchW1: UInt,
-    val zpScratchW2: UInt,
-    val zpScratchPtr: UInt,
-    val virtualregistersStart: UInt,
-    val zpFullsafe: List<UIntRange>,
-    val zpKernalsafe: List<UIntRange>,
-    val zpBasicsafe: List<UIntRange>
-): ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder(true), IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(8) {
-
-    companion object {
-
-        private fun Properties.getString(property: String): String {
-            val value = this.getProperty(property, null)
-            if(value!=null)
-                return value
-            throw NoSuchElementException("string property '$property' not found in config file")
-        }
-
-        private fun Properties.getInteger(property: String): UInt {
-            val value = this.getProperty(property, null)
-            if(value!=null) return parseInt(value)
-            throw NoSuchElementException("integer property '$property' not found in config file")
-        }
-
-        private fun parseInt(value: String): UInt {
-            if(value.startsWith("0x"))
-                return value.drop(2).toUInt(16)
-            if(value.startsWith("$"))
-                return value.drop(1).toUInt(16)
-            if(value.startsWith("%"))
-                return value.drop(1).toUInt(2)
-            return value.toUInt()
-        }
-
-        private fun parseAddressRanges(key: String, props: Properties): List<UIntRange> {
-            val rangesStr = props.getString(key)
-            if(rangesStr.isBlank())
-                return emptyList()
-            val result = mutableListOf<UIntRange>()
-            val ranges = rangesStr.split(",").map { it.trim() }
-            for(r in ranges) {
-                if ('-' in r) {
-                    val (fromStr, toStr) = r.split("-")
-                    val from = parseInt(fromStr.trim())
-                    val to = parseInt(toStr.trim())
-                    result.add(from..to)
-                } else {
-                    val address = parseInt(r)
-                    result.add(address..address)
-                }
-            }
-            return result
-        }
-
-        fun fromConfigFile(configfile: Path): ConfigFileTarget {
-            val props = Properties()
-            props.load(configfile.inputStream())
-
-            val cpuString = props.getString("cpu").uppercase()
-            val cpuType = try {
-                CpuType.valueOf(cpuString)
-            } catch (_: IllegalArgumentException) {
-                CpuType.valueOf("CPU$cpuString")
-            }
-            val ioAddresses = parseAddressRanges("io_regions", props)
-            val zpFullsafe = parseAddressRanges("zp_fullsafe", props)
-            val zpKernalsafe = parseAddressRanges("zp_kernalsafe", props)
-            val zpBasicsafe = parseAddressRanges("zp_basicsafe", props)
-
-            val libraryPath = expandTilde(Path(props.getString("library")))
-            if(!libraryPath.isDirectory())
-                throw IOException("invalid library path: $libraryPath")
-
-            val customLauncherStr = props.getProperty("custom_launcher_code", null)
-            val customLauncher =
-                if(customLauncherStr?.isNotBlank()==true)
-                    (customLauncherStr+"\n").lines().map { it.trimEnd() }
-                else emptyList()
-            val assemblerOptionsStr = props.getProperty("assembler_options", "").trim()
-            val outputTypeString = props.getProperty("output_type", "PRG")
-            val defaultOutputType = OutputType.valueOf(outputTypeString.uppercase())
-
-            return ConfigFileTarget(
-                configfile.nameWithoutExtension,
-                Encoding.entries.first { it.prefix==props.getString("encoding") },
-                cpuType,
-                props.getInteger("load_address"),
-                props.getInteger("memtop"),
-                0u,         // used only in a very specific error condition check in a certain scenario...
-                props.getInteger("bss_highram_start"),
-                props.getInteger("bss_highram_end"),
-                props.getInteger("bss_goldenram_start"),
-                props.getInteger("bss_goldenram_end"),
-                defaultOutputType,
-                libraryPath,
-                customLauncher,
-                if(assemblerOptionsStr=="") emptyList() else assemblerOptionsStr.split(" "),
-                ioAddresses,
-                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_b1"),
-                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_reg"),
-                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_w1"),
-                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_w2"),
-                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_ptr"),
-                props.getInteger("virtual_registers"),
-                zpFullsafe,
-                zpKernalsafe,
-                zpBasicsafe,
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    // TODO floats are not yet supported here, just enter some values
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = 9.999999999e97
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -9.999999999e97
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 8u
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("floats")
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> = TODO("floats")
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double = TODO("floats")
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean) {
-        throw IllegalArgumentException("Custom compiler target cannot automatically launch an emulator. Do this manually.")
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = ioAddresses.any { address in it }
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = ConfigurableZeropage(
-            zpScratchB1, zpScratchReg, zpScratchW1, zpScratchW2, zpScratchPtr,
-            virtualregistersStart,
-            zpBasicsafe,
-            zpKernalsafe,
-            zpFullsafe,
-            compilerOptions
-        )
-    }
-}
@@ -1,92 +1,20 @@
 package prog8.code.target

-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
-import prog8.code.target.zp.CX16Zeropage
-import java.nio.file.Path
+import prog8.code.core.Encoding
+import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer
+import prog8.code.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition


-class Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget,
-    IStringEncoding by Encoder(true),
-    IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
-
+class Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
    override val name = NAME
+    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition()
+    override val supportedEncodings = setOf(Encoding.PETSCII, Encoding.SCREENCODES, Encoding.ISO)
    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
-    override val libraryPath = null
-    override val customLauncher = emptyList<String>()
-    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = emptyList<String>()
-    override val defaultOutputType = OutputType.PRG

    companion object {
        const val NAME = "cx16"
    }
-
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU65C02
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE.toUInt()
-    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
-    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0x9f00u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xa000u     // hiram bank 1, 8Kb, assumed to be active
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xbfffu       // Rom starts at $c000
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0x0400u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0x07ffu
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean) {
-        val emulator: String
-        val extraArgs: List<String>
-
-        when(selectedEmulator) {
-            1 -> {
-                emulator = "x16emu"
-                extraArgs = listOf("-debug")
-            }
-            2 -> {
-                emulator = "box16"
-                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
-            }
-            else -> {
-                System.err.println("Cx16 target only supports x16emu and box16 emulators.")
-                return
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(!quiet)
-            println("\nStarting Commander X16 emulator $emulator...")
-
-        val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-rtc", "-run", "-prg", "${programNameWithPath}.prg") + extraArgs
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline)
-        if(!quiet)
-            processb.inheritIO()
-        processb.environment()["PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC"] = "10"
-        val process: Process = processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0x9f00u..0x9fffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-    }
-
-
 }
@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
-package prog8.code.target.encodings
+package prog8.code.target

 import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
 import prog8.code.core.Encoding
 import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
 import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
+import prog8.code.target.cbm.AtasciiEncoding
+import prog8.code.target.cbm.IsoEncoding
+import prog8.code.target.cbm.PetsciiEncoding

-class Encoder(val newlineToCarriageReturn: Boolean): IStringEncoding {
-    override val defaultEncoding: Encoding = Encoding.ISO

+object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
        val coded = when(encoding) {
            Encoding.PETSCII -> PetsciiEncoding.encodePetscii(str, true)
            Encoding.SCREENCODES -> PetsciiEncoding.encodeScreencode(str, true)
-            Encoding.ISO -> IsoEncoding.encode(str, newlineToCarriageReturn)
-            Encoding.ISO5 -> IsoCyrillicEncoding.encode(str, newlineToCarriageReturn)
-            Encoding.ISO16 -> IsoEasternEncoding.encode(str, newlineToCarriageReturn)
-            Encoding.CP437 -> Cp437Encoding.encode(str)
-            Encoding.KATAKANA -> KatakanaEncoding.encode(str, newlineToCarriageReturn)
+            Encoding.ISO -> IsoEncoding.encode(str)
            Encoding.ATASCII -> AtasciiEncoding.encode(str)
-            Encoding.C64OS -> C64osEncoding.encode(str)
            else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unsupported encoding $encoding")
        }
        return coded.fold(
@@ -30,13 +27,8 @@ class Encoder(val newlineToCarriageReturn: Boolean): IStringEncoding {
        val decoded = when(encoding) {
            Encoding.PETSCII -> PetsciiEncoding.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
            Encoding.SCREENCODES -> PetsciiEncoding.decodeScreencode(bytes, true)
-            Encoding.ISO -> IsoEncoding.decode(bytes, newlineToCarriageReturn)
-            Encoding.ISO5 -> IsoCyrillicEncoding.decode(bytes, newlineToCarriageReturn)
-            Encoding.ISO16 -> IsoEasternEncoding.decode(bytes, newlineToCarriageReturn)
-            Encoding.CP437 -> Cp437Encoding.decode(bytes)
-            Encoding.KATAKANA -> KatakanaEncoding.decode(bytes, newlineToCarriageReturn)
+            Encoding.ISO -> IsoEncoding.decode(bytes)
            Encoding.ATASCII -> AtasciiEncoding.decode(bytes)
-            Encoding.C64OS -> C64osEncoding.decode(bytes)
            else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unsupported encoding $encoding")
        }
        return decoded.fold(
@@ -44,4 +36,4 @@ class Encoder(val newlineToCarriageReturn: Boolean): IStringEncoding {
            success = { it }
        )
    }
-}
+}
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target
-
-import prog8.code.core.BaseDataType
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-
-internal class NormalMemSizer(val floatsize: Int): IMemSizer {
-
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType, numElements: Int?): Int {
-        if(dt.isPointerArray)
-            return 2 * numElements!!        // array of pointers is just array of uwords
-        else if(dt.isArray) {
-            if(numElements==null) return 2      // treat it as a pointer size
-            return when(dt.sub) {
-                BaseDataType.BOOL, BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> numElements
-                BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.STR -> numElements * 2
-                BaseDataType.LONG -> numElements * 4
-                BaseDataType.FLOAT-> numElements * floatsize
-                BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> throw IllegalArgumentException("undefined has no memory size")
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
-            }
-        }
-        else if (dt.isString) {
-            return numElements        // treat it as the size of the given string with the length
-                ?: 2    // treat it as the size to store a string pointer
-        }
-
-        return when {
-            dt.isByteOrBool -> 1 * (numElements ?: 1)
-            dt.isFloat -> floatsize * (numElements ?: 1)
-            dt.isLong -> 4 * (numElements ?: 1)
-            dt.isPointer -> 2  // pointer is just a uword
-            dt.isStructInstance -> dt.subType!!.memsize(this)
-            dt.isUndefined -> throw IllegalArgumentException("undefined has no memory size")
-            else -> 2 * (numElements ?: 1)
-        }
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
-import prog8.code.target.zp.PETZeropage
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class PETTarget: ICompilationTarget,
-    IStringEncoding by Encoder(true),
-    IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
-
-    override val name = NAME
-    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
-    override val libraryPath = null
-    override val customLauncher = emptyList<String>()
-    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = emptyList<String>()
-    override val defaultOutputType = OutputType.PRG
-
-    companion object {
-        const val NAME = "pet32"
-    }
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE.toUInt()
-    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0401u
-    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0x8000u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean) {
-        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
-            System.err.println("The pet target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
-            return
-        }
-
-        if(!quiet)
-            println("\nStarting PET emulator...")
-
-        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
-        val cmdline = listOf("xpet", "-model", "4032", "-ramsize", "32", "-videosize", "40", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
-            "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline)
-        if(!quiet)
-            processb.inheritIO()
-        val process=processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address in 0xe800u..0xe8ffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = PETZeropage(compilerOptions)
-    }
-
-}
@@ -1,111 +1,27 @@
 package prog8.code.target

 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.extension
-import kotlin.io.path.isReadable
-import kotlin.io.path.name
-import kotlin.io.path.readText
-
-class VMTarget: ICompilationTarget,
-    IStringEncoding by Encoder(false),
-    IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
+import prog8.code.target.virtual.VirtualMachineDefinition

+class VMTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer {
    override val name = NAME
+    override val machine = VirtualMachineDefinition()
+    override val supportedEncodings = setOf(Encoding.ISO)
    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.ISO
-    override val libraryPath = null
-    override val customLauncher = emptyList<String>()
-    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = emptyList<String>()
-    override val defaultOutputType = OutputType.PRG

    companion object {
        const val NAME = "virtual"
-        const val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 8             // 64-bits double
    }

-    override val cpu = CpuType.VIRTUAL
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Double.MAX_VALUE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -Double.MAX_VALUE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = VMTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE.toUInt()
-    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 0u  // not actually used
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0u      // not actually used
-    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0xffffu  // not actually used
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u          // not actually used
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u            // not actually used
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u        // not actually used
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u          // not actually used
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage    // not actually used
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String {
-        // little endian binary representation
-        val bits = num.toDouble().toBits().toULong()
-        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(16, '0')
-        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { "$$it" }
-        return parts.joinToString(", ")
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes, in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> Int.MIN_VALUE
+        }
    }

-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val bits = num.toBits().toULong()
-        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(16, '0')
-        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { it.toInt(16).toUByte() }
-        return parts
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==8) { "need 8 bytes" }
-        val b0 = bytes[0].toLong() shl (8*7)
-        val b1 = bytes[1].toLong() shl (8*6)
-        val b2 = bytes[2].toLong() shl (8*5)
-        val b3 = bytes[3].toLong() shl (8*4)
-        val b4 = bytes[4].toLong() shl (8*3)
-        val b5 = bytes[5].toLong() shl (8*2)
-        val b6 = bytes[6].toLong() shl (8*1)
-        val b7 = bytes[7].toLong() shl (8*0)
-        return Double.fromBits(b0 or b1 or b2 or b3 or b4 or b5 or b6 or b7)
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean) {
-        launchEmulatorWithTrace(programNameWithPath, quiet, traceEnabled = false)
-    }
-
-    fun launchEmulatorWithTrace(programNameWithPath: Path, quiet: Boolean, traceEnabled: Boolean) {
-        if(!quiet)
-            println("\nStarting Virtual Machine...")
-
-        // to not have external module dependencies in our own module, we launch the virtual machine via reflection
-        val vm = Class.forName("prog8.vm.VmRunner").getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance() as IVirtualMachineRunner
-        val withExt = if(programNameWithPath.extension=="p8ir") programNameWithPath else programNameWithPath.resolveSibling("${programNameWithPath.name}.p8ir")
-        if(withExt.isReadable())
-            vm.runProgram(withExt.readText(), quiet, traceEnabled)
-        else
-            throw java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException(withExt.name, null, "not a .p8ir file")
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = false
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = VirtualZeropage(compilerOptions)
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-interface IVirtualMachineRunner {
-    fun runProgram(irSource: String, quiet: Boolean, traceEnabled: Boolean = false)
-}
-
-private class VirtualZeropage(options: CompilationOptions): Zeropage(options) {
-    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_PTR: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-}
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) =
+        memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)) * numElements
+}