release 8.14

such as pokew() with 2 complex operands

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
     <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
   </component>
   <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
-    <option name="version" value="1.8.20" />
+    <option name="version" value="1.8.21-release-380" />
   </component>
 </project>

README.md

@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ IntelliJ IDEA with the Kotlin plugin).
 
 It's handy to have an emulator (or a real machine perhaps!) to run the programs on. The compiler assumes the presence
 of the [Vice emulator](http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/)  for the C64 target,
-and the [x16emu emulator](https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-emulator) for the CommanderX16 target.
+and a recent emulator version (R42 or newer) for the CommanderX16, such as [x16emu](https://cx16forum.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=30) 
+(preferred, this is the official emulator. If required, source code is [here](https://github.com/X16Community/x16-emulator/)).
+There is also [Box16](https://github.com/indigodarkwolf/box16) which has powerful debugging features.
 
 **Syntax highlighting:** for a few different editors, syntax highlighting definition files are provided.
 Look in the [syntax-files](https://github.com/irmen/prog8/tree/master/syntax-files) directory in the github repository to find them.

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val retur
 
 
 class StRomSub(name: String,
-               val address: UInt,
+               val address: UInt?,      // null in case of asmsub, specified in case of romsub
                val parameters: List<StRomSubParameter>,
                val returns: List<StRomSubParameter>,
                astNode: PtNode) :

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTableMaker.kt

@@ -40,14 +40,9 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
     private fun addToSt(node: PtNode, scope: Stack<StNode>) {
         val stNode = when(node) {
             is PtAsmSub -> {
-                if(node.address==null) {
-                    val params = node.parameters.map { StSubroutineParameter(it.second.name, it.second.type) }
-                    StSub(node.name, params, node.returns.singleOrNull()?.second, node)
-                } else {
-                    val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
-                    val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
-                    StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
-                }
+                val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
+                val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
+                StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
             }
             is PtBlock -> {
                 StNode(node.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, node)

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstBase.kt

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class PtProgram(
         children.asSequence().filterIsInstance<PtBlock>()
 
     fun entrypoint(): PtSub? =
-        allBlocks().firstOrNull { it.name == "main" }?.children?.firstOrNull { it is PtSub && it.name == "start" } as PtSub?
+        allBlocks().firstOrNull { it.name == "main" }?.children?.firstOrNull { it is PtSub && (it.name == "start" || it.name=="main.start") } as PtSub?
 }
 
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstExpressions.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.Encoding
+import prog8.code.core.NumericDatatypes
+import prog8.code.core.Position
 import java.util.*
 import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.round

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/MemoryRegions.kt

@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
 }
 
 
+// TODO: this class is not yet used
 class GoldenRam(options: CompilationOptions, val region: UIntRange): MemoryAllocator(options) {
     private var nextLocation: UInt = region.first
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariZeropage.kt

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ class AtariZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xcfu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $cf+$d0        TODO is $d0 okay to use?
 
     init {
+        if (options.floats) {
+            throw InternalCompilerException("Atari target doesn't yet support floating point routines")
+        }
+
         if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(
                 ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
                 ZeropageType.BASICSAFE,
@@ -39,9 +43,9 @@ class AtariZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             }
         }
 
-        val distictFree = free.distinct()
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
         free.clear()
-        free.addAll(distictFree)
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
 
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
     }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c128/C128Zeropage.kt

@@ -6,15 +6,22 @@ import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
 import prog8.code.core.ZeropageType
 
 
+// reference: "Mapping the C128" zero page chapter.
+
 class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
-    override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x9bu      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x9cu     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x74u      // temp storage for a single byte
+    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x75u     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xfbu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xfdu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fd+$fe
 
-
     init {
+        if (options.floats) {
+            throw InternalCompilerException("C128 target doesn't yet support floating point routines")
+            // note: in git commit labeled 'c128: remove floats module' the floats.p8 and floats.asm files are removed,
+            //       they could be retrieved again at a later time if the compiler somehow *does* store the fp variables in bank1.
+        }
+
         if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(
                 ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
                 ZeropageType.BASICSAFE,
@@ -24,23 +31,42 @@ class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
         when (options.zeropage) {
             ZeropageType.FULL -> {
-                // TODO all c128 usable zero page locations, except the ones used by the system's IRQ routine
-                free.addAll(0x0au..0xffu)       // TODO c128 what about $02-$09?
-                // TODO c128  free.removeAll(setOf(0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0x91u, 0xc0u, 0xc5u, 0xcbu, 0xf5u, 0xf6u))        // these are updated by IRQ
+                // $00/$01 are data port IO registers, // $02-$09 are storage locations for JSRFAR and such
+                free.addAll(0x0au..0xffu)
+                free.removeAll(listOf(0x90u, 0x91u, 0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0xc0u, 0xccu, 0xcdu, 0xd0u, 0xd1u, 0xd2u, 0xd3u, 0xd4u, 0xd5u, 0xf7u))        // these are updated/used by IRQ
+            }
+            ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE -> {
+                free.addAll(0x0au..0x8fu)       // BASIC variables
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
+                    0xb0u, 0xb1u, 0xb4u, 0xb5u, 0xb6u))
             }
-            ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE,
             ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
             ZeropageType.BASICSAFE -> {
-                free.clear()   // TODO c128 usable zero page addresses
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x0bu, 0x0cu, 0x0du, 0x0eu, 0x0fu, 0x10u, 0x11u, 0x12u, 0x16u, 0x17u, 0x18u, 0x19u, 0x1au))
+                free.addAll(0x1bu..0x23u)
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x3fu, 0x40u, 0x41u, 0x42u, 0x43u, 0x44u, 0x47u, 0x48u, 0x49u, 0x4au, 0x4bu, 0x4cu, 0x4fu,
+                    0x55u, 0x56u, 0x57u, 0x58u,
+                    0x74u, 0x75u, 0x78u, 0x80u, 0x83u, 0x87u, 0x88u, 0x89u, 0x8au, 0x8bu, 0x8cu, 0x8du, 0x8eu, 0x8fu,
+                    0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
+                    0xb0u, 0xb1u, 0xb4u, 0xb5u, 0xb6u
+                ))
+
+                // if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.BASICSAFE) {
+                    // can also clobber the FP locations (unconditionally, because the C128 target doesn't support floating point calculations in prog8 at this time0
+                    free.addAll(listOf(0x14u, 0x28u, 0x29u, 0x2au, 0x2bu, 0x2cu,
+                        0x50u, 0x51u, 0x52u, 0x53u, 0x54u, 0x59u, 0x5au, 0x5bu, 0x5cu, 0x5du, 0x5eu, 0x5fu, 0x60u, 0x61u, 0x62u,
+                        0x63u, 0x64u, 0x65u, 0x66u, 0x67u, 0x68u,
+                        0x6au, 0x6bu, 0x6cu, 0x6du, 0x6eu, 0x6fu, 0x71u))
+                // }
             }
             ZeropageType.DONTUSE -> {
                 free.clear()  // don't use zeropage at all
             }
         }
 
-        val distictFree = free.distinct()
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
         free.clear()
-        free.addAll(distictFree)
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
 
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
     }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64Zeropage.kt

@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             }
         }
 
-        val distictFree = free.distinct()
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
         free.clear()
-        free.addAll(distictFree)
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
 
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0x0600u until 0x0800u)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0x0400u until ESTACK_LO)
     }
 
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16Zeropage.kt

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
                 else -> throw InternalCompilerException("for this machine target, zero page type 'floatsafe' is not available. ${options.zeropage}")
             }
 
-            val distictFree = free.distinct()
+            val distinctFree = free.distinct()
             free.clear()
-            free.addAll(distictFree)
+            free.addAll(distinctFree)
 
             removeReservedFromFreePool()
 

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmGen.kt

@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ class AsmGen6502Internal (
         when(reg) {
             RegisterOrPair.A,
             RegisterOrPair.X,
-            RegisterOrPair.Y -> assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, reg.asCpuRegister())
+            RegisterOrPair.Y -> assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, reg.asCpuRegister(), target.datatype in SignedDatatypes)
             RegisterOrPair.AX,
             RegisterOrPair.AY,
             RegisterOrPair.XY,
@@ -1639,14 +1639,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -1680,14 +1673,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -1723,15 +1709,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleRightOperands(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_less_uw |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 
@@ -1769,15 +1747,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleRightOperands(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.WORD, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_less_w |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 
@@ -1816,14 +1786,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -1859,14 +1822,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.BYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.BYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.BYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -1908,15 +1864,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleRightOperands(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1", "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
     }
 
@@ -1959,15 +1907,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleLeftOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(right.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(right, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        }  else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.WORD, right)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(right, left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_less_w |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 
@@ -2007,14 +1947,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -2050,14 +1983,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.BYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.BYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.BYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -2101,15 +2027,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleRightOperands(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_lesseq_uw |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 
@@ -2156,15 +2074,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
             return code(asmVariableName(left))
         }
 
-        if(right.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(right, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.WORD, right)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(right, left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_lesseq_w |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 
@@ -2200,14 +2110,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-            out("  pla")
-        }
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
         return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
@@ -2240,15 +2143,31 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(byteJumpForSimpleRightOperand(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
+        assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+        return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(left: PtExpression, right: PtExpression, rightVarName: String) {
         if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.BYTE)
+            assignExpressionToVariable(right, rightVarName, DataType.UBYTE)
             assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A)
         } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.BYTE, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.BYTE)
+            pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, left)
+            assignExpressionToVariable(right, rightVarName, DataType.UBYTE)
             out("  pla")
         }
-        return code("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(left: PtExpression, right: PtExpression, rightVarname: String) {
+        if(left.isSimple()) {
+            assignExpressionToVariable(right, rightVarname, DataType.UWORD)
+            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+        }  else {
+            pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, left)
+            assignExpressionToVariable(right, rightVarname, DataType.UWORD)
+            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
+            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
+        }
     }
 
     private fun translateUwordGreaterOrEqualOrJumpElsewhere(left: PtExpression, right: PtExpression, leftConstVal: PtNumber?, rightConstVal: PtNumber?, jumpIfFalseLabel: String) {
@@ -2282,15 +2201,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleRightOperands(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(right.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(right, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        }  else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, right)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(right, left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_lesseq_uw |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 
@@ -2328,15 +2239,7 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
         if(wordJumpForSimpleRightOperands(left, right, ::code))
             return
 
-        if(left.isSimple()) {
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-        } else {
-            pushCpuStack(DataType.WORD, left)
-            assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.WORD)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-            restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-        }
+        assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(left, right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         return out("  jsr  prog8_lib.reg_lesseq_w |  beq  $jumpIfFalseLabel")
     }
 

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
+import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.*
@@ -90,13 +91,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         val var3name = asmgen.asmVariableName(fcall.args[3] as PtIdentifier)
         val divisionTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[2].position, var2name)
         val remainderTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[3].position, var3name)
-        assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(remainderTarget, CpuRegister.A)
-        assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(divisionTarget, CpuRegister.Y)
+        assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(remainderTarget, CpuRegister.A, false)
+        assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(divisionTarget, CpuRegister.Y, false)
     }
 
     private fun funcDivmodW(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
-        assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD)
-        assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+        asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(fcall.args[1], fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
         // math.divmod_uw_asm: -- divide two unsigned words (16 bit each) into 16 bit results
         //    input:  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 in ZP: 16 bit number, A/Y: 16 bit divisor
         //    output: P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 in ZP: 16 bit remainder, A/Y: 16 bit division result
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcStringCompare(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean) {
-        assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
-        assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+        asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(fcall.args[0], fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.strcmp_mem")
         if(resultToStack)
             asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
@@ -206,27 +205,13 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
                             asmgen.out("  cmp  ${arg2.address.asConstInteger()!!.toHex()}")
                         } else {
-                            if(arg1.isSimple()) {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                                asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
-                            } else {
-                                asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, arg1)
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-                                asmgen.out("  pla |  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
-                            }
+                            asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(arg1, arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                            asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                         }
                     }
                     else -> {
-                        if(arg1.isSimple()) {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                            asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
-                        } else {
-                            asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, arg1)
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
-                            asmgen.out("  pla |  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
-                        }
+                        asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(arg1, arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                        asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                     }
                 }
             } else
@@ -252,25 +237,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 +""")
                     }
                     else -> {
-                        if(arg1.isSimple()) {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD)
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                                bne  +
-                                cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-    +""")
-                        } else {
-                            asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, arg1)
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD)
-                            asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-                            asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                                bne  +
-                                cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-    +""")
-                        }
+                        asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(arg1, arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                            bne  +
+                            cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
++""")
                     }
                 }
             } else
@@ -303,7 +275,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_stack")
         else {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_into_A")
-            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, false)
         }
     }
 
@@ -337,6 +309,16 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         lda  #$numElements
                         jsr  prog8_lib.func_reverse_w""")
                 }
+                DataType.STR -> {
+                    val stringLength = (symbol as StStaticVariable).length!!-1
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$varName
+                        ldy  #>$varName
+                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                        sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                        lda  #$stringLength
+                        jsr  prog8_lib.func_reverse_b""")
+                }
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$varName
@@ -381,6 +363,16 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         lda  #$numElements""")
                     asmgen.out(if (decl.type == DataType.ARRAY_UW) "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_w")
                 }
+                DataType.STR -> {
+                    val stringLength = (symbol as StStaticVariable).length!!-1
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$varName
+                        ldy  #>$varName
+                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                        sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                        lda  #$stringLength
+                        jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_ub""")
+                }
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw AssemblyError("sorting of floating point array is not supported")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
             }
@@ -596,9 +588,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
             asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arrayvar, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_target", DataType.UWORD)
         } else {
+            val p = arrayvar.parent
             val addressOf = PtAddressOf(arrayvar.position)
             addressOf.add(arrayvar)
-            addressOf.parent = arrayvar.parent.parent
+            addressOf.parent = p
             asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(addressOf, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_target", DataType.UWORD)
         }
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(indexer.index, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_index", DataType.UBYTE)
@@ -625,7 +618,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sign_f_into_A")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
-            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, true)
         }
     }
 
@@ -646,7 +639,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${fcall.name}_f_into_A |  ldy  #0")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
-            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, dt in SignedDatatypes)
         }
     }
 
@@ -731,8 +724,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         }
 
         // fall through method:
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD)
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY)
+        asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(fcall.args[1], fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_pokew")
     }
 
@@ -806,9 +798,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcMkword(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         if(resultToStack) {
-            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)      // msb
+            asmgen.out("  pha")
             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
-            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  pla |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
         } else {
             val reg = resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY
             var needAsave = asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[0])

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ProgramAndVarsGen.kt

@@ -150,8 +150,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                     asmgen.out("  rts")
             }
             "c128" -> {
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start")
-                // TODO c128: how to bank basic+kernal back in?
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #0 |  sta ${"$"}ff00")
                 if(!options.noSysInit)
                     asmgen.out("  jmp  ${compTarget.name}.cleanup_at_exit")
                 else

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment
 
-import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502Internal
-import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.ExpressionsAsmGen
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.VariableAllocator
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.returnsWhatWhere
-import java.util.*
 
 
 internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  lda  $arrayVarName+1 |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
                         asmgen.out("  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
                     }
-                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, elementDt in SignedDatatypes)
                     return
                 }
 
@@ -89,7 +86,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     when (elementDt) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue")
-                            assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                            assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, elementDt in SignedDatatypes)
                         }
                         in WordDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  ldy  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+1")
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(value, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName,y")
-                            assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                            assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, elementDt in SignedDatatypes)
                         }
                         in WordDatatypes  -> {
                             asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(value, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 fun assignViaExprEval(expression: PtExpression) {
                     assignExpressionToVariable(expression, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD)
                     asmgen.loadAFromZpPointerVar("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
-                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                 }
 
                 val value = assign.source.memory!!
@@ -150,7 +147,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         require(!asmgen.options.useNewExprCode)
                         val addrExpr = value.address as PtBinaryExpression
                         if(asmgen.tryOptimizedPointerAccessWithA(addrExpr, addrExpr.operator, false)) {
-                            assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                            assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                         } else {
                             assignViaExprEval(value.address)
                         }
@@ -210,9 +207,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     else -> {
                         // do NOT restore X register before assigning the result values first
                         when (returnValue.first.registerOrPair) {
-                            RegisterOrPair.A -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
-                            RegisterOrPair.X -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.X)
-                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.Y)
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, returnValue.second in SignedDatatypes)
+                            RegisterOrPair.X -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.X, returnValue.second in SignedDatatypes)
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.Y, returnValue.second in SignedDatatypes)
                             RegisterOrPair.AX -> assignVirtualRegister(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AX)
                             RegisterOrPair.AY -> assignVirtualRegister(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                             RegisterOrPair.XY -> assignVirtualRegister(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.XY)
@@ -250,7 +247,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 if(assign.target.register==null) {
                     // still need to assign the result to the target variable/etc.
                     when(returnDt) {
-                        in ByteDatatypes -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)            // function's byte result is in A
+                        in ByteDatatypes -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, returnDt in SignedDatatypes)            // function's byte result is in A
                         in WordDatatypes -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)    // function's word result is in AY
                         DataType.STR -> {
                             when (assign.target.datatype) {
@@ -299,7 +296,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             }
             is PtContainmentCheck -> {
                 containmentCheckIntoA(value)
-                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
             }
             is PtBinaryExpression -> {
                 require(!asmgen.options.useNewExprCode)
@@ -340,7 +337,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         when(target.datatype) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  cx16.${register.toString().lowercase()}L")
-                assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+                assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A, false)
             }
             in WordDatatypes -> assignRegisterpairWord(target, register)
             else -> throw AssemblyError("expected byte or word")
@@ -360,6 +357,15 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     }
                 }
             }
+
+            if(expr.left.type in ByteDatatypes && expr.right.type in ByteDatatypes) {
+                if(assignOptimizedComparisonBytes(expr, assign))
+                    return true
+            } else  if(expr.left.type in WordDatatypes && expr.right.type in WordDatatypes) {
+                if(assignOptimizedComparisonWords(expr, assign))
+                    return true
+            }
+
             val origTarget = assign.target.origAstTarget
             if(origTarget!=null) {
                 assignConstantByte(assign.target, 0)
@@ -384,13 +390,19 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         if(expr.type !in IntegerDatatypes)
             return false
 
-        fun simpleLogicalBytesExpr() {
-            // both left and right expression operands are simple.
-            if (expr.right is PtNumber || expr.right is PtIdentifier)
-                assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandByte(assign.target, expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
-            else if (expr.left is PtNumber || expr.left is PtIdentifier)
-                assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandByte(assign.target, expr.right, expr.operator, expr.left)
-            else {
+        if(expr.operator in setOf("&", "|", "^", "and", "or", "xor")) {
+            if (expr.left.type in ByteDatatypes && expr.right.type in ByteDatatypes) {
+                if (expr.right.isSimple()) {
+                    if (expr.right is PtNumber || expr.right is PtIdentifier) {
+                        assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandByte(assign.target, expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    else if (expr.left is PtNumber || expr.left is PtIdentifier) {
+                        assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandByte(assign.target, expr.right, expr.operator, expr.left)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                }
+
                 assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
                 assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
@@ -401,43 +413,29 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out("  eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator")
                 }
-                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
+                return true
             }
-        }
-
-        fun simpleLogicalWordsExpr() {
-            // both left and right expression operands are simple.
-            if (expr.right is PtNumber || expr.right is PtIdentifier)
-                assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandWord(assign.target, expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
-            else if (expr.left is PtNumber || expr.left is PtIdentifier)
-                assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandWord(assign.target, expr.right, expr.operator, expr.left)
-            else {
-                assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-                assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD)
+            else if (expr.left.type in WordDatatypes && expr.right.type in WordDatatypes) {
+                if (expr.right.isSimple()) {
+                    if (expr.right is PtNumber || expr.right is PtIdentifier) {
+                        assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandWord(assign.target, expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    else if (expr.left is PtNumber || expr.left is PtIdentifier) {
+                        assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandWord(assign.target, expr.right, expr.operator, expr.left)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                }
+                asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
                 when (expr.operator) {
-                    "&", "and" -> asmgen.out("  pla |  and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1 |  tay |  pla |  and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
-                    "|", "or" -> asmgen.out("  pla |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1 |  tay |  pla |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
-                    "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out("  pla |  eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1 |  tay |  pla |  eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    "&", "and" -> asmgen.out("  and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  pha |  tya |  and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1 |  tay |  pla")
+                    "|", "or" -> asmgen.out("  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  pha |  tya |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1 |  tay |  pla")
+                    "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out("  eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  pha |  tya |  eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1 |  tay |  pla")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator")
                 }
                 assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(expr.operator in setOf("&", "|", "^", "and", "or", "xor")) {
-            if (expr.left.type in ByteDatatypes && expr.right.type in ByteDatatypes) {
-                if (expr.right.isSimple()) {
-                    simpleLogicalBytesExpr()
-                    return true
-                }
-            }
-            if (expr.left.type in WordDatatypes && expr.right.type in WordDatatypes) {
-                if (expr.right.isSimple()) {
-                    simpleLogicalWordsExpr()
-                    return true
-                }
+                return true
             }
             return false
         }
@@ -467,16 +465,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 +                       lda  #0
 +""")
                 }
-                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                 return true
             } else if(expr.left.type in WordDatatypes && expr.right.type in WordDatatypes &&
                     expr.left.isSimple() && expr.right.isSimple()) {
-                assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-                assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
+                asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
                 if(expr.operator=="==") {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -498,7 +491,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 +                       lda  #1
 +""")
                 }
-                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                 return true
             }
             return false
@@ -516,7 +509,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             asmgen.out("  clc |  adc  $symname")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  sec |  sbc  $symname")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, dt in SignedDatatypes)
                         return true
                     }
                     is PtNumber -> {
@@ -525,12 +518,47 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             asmgen.out("  clc |  adc  #${right.number.toHex()}")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  sec |  sbc  #${right.number.toHex()}")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, dt in SignedDatatypes)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A, left.type==DataType.BYTE)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                        assignExpressionToVariable(right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", right.type)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                        if(expr.operator=="+")
+                            asmgen.out("  clc |  adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  sec |  sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, dt in SignedDatatypes)
                         return true
                     }
-                    else -> return false
                 }
             } else if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
+
+                fun doAddOrSubWordExpr() {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    if(expr.operator=="+")
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                                clc
+                                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                pha
+                                tya
+                                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                tay
+                                pla""")
+                    else
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                                sec
+                                sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                pha
+                                tya
+                                sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                tay
+                                pla""")
+                    assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+
                 when (right) {
                     is PtAddressOf -> {
                         assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY, dt==DataType.WORD)
@@ -606,30 +634,37 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     }
                     is PtTypeCast -> {
                         val castedValue = right.value
-                        if(right.type in WordDatatypes && castedValue.type in ByteDatatypes) {
-                            if(castedValue is PtIdentifier) {
-                                val castedSymname = asmgen.asmVariableName(castedValue)
-                                assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY, dt==DataType.WORD)
-                                if(expr.operator=="+")
-                                    asmgen.out("""
-                                        clc
-                                        adc  $castedSymname
-                                        bcc  +
-                                        iny
-    +""")
-                                else
-                                    asmgen.out("""
-                                        sec
-                                        sbc  $castedSymname
-                                        bcs  +
-                                        dey
-    +""")
-                                assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                                return true
-                            }
+                        if(right.type in WordDatatypes && castedValue.type in ByteDatatypes && castedValue is PtIdentifier) {
+                            val castedSymname = asmgen.asmVariableName(castedValue)
+                            assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.AY, dt == DataType.WORD)
+                            if (expr.operator == "+")
+                                asmgen.out(
+                                    """
+                                    clc
+                                    adc  $castedSymname
+                                    bcc  +
+                                    iny
++"""
+                                )
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out(
+                                    """
+                                    sec
+                                    sbc  $castedSymname
+                                    bcs  +
+                                    dey
++"""
+                                )
+                            assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                            return true
                         }
+                        doAddOrSubWordExpr()
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        doAddOrSubWordExpr()
+                        return true
                     }
-                    else -> return false
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -653,7 +688,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, signed)
                     return true
                 } else if(dt in WordDatatypes && shifts in 0..7) {
                     val signed = dt == DataType.WORD
@@ -685,9 +720,384 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 }
             }
         }
+        else if(expr.operator=="*") {
+            val value = expr.right.asConstInteger()
+            if(value==null) {
+                when(expr.type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, expr.type in SignedDatatypes)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(expr.right, RegisterOrPair.Y, expr.type in SignedDatatypes)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla |  jsr  math.multiply_bytes")
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    in WordDatatypes -> {
+                        asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            jsr  math.multiply_words
+                            lda  math.multiply_words.result
+                            ldy  math.multiply_words.result+1""")
+                        assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    else -> return false
+                }
+            } else {
+                when (expr.type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, expr.type in SignedDatatypes)
+                        if (value in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications)
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  math.mul_byte_${value}")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  ldy  #$value |  jsr  math.multiply_bytes")
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    in WordDatatypes -> {
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.AY, expr.type in SignedDatatypes)
+                        if (value in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications)
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  math.mul_word_${value}")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                            lda  #<$value
+                            ldy  #>$value
+                            jsr  math.multiply_words
+                            lda  math.multiply_words.result
+                            ldy  math.multiply_words.result+1""")
+                        assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        return true
+                    }
+                    else -> return false
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if(expr.operator=="/") {
+            when(expr.type) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(expr.right, RegisterOrPair.Y, false)
+                    asmgen.out("  pla |  jsr  math.divmod_ub_asm")
+                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.Y, false)
+                    return true
+                }
+                DataType.BYTE -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, true)
+                    asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(expr.right, RegisterOrPair.Y, true)
+                    asmgen.out("  pla |  jsr  math.divmod_b_asm")
+                    assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.Y, true)
+                    return true
+                }
+                DataType.UWORD -> {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm")
+                    assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    return true
+                }
+                DataType.WORD -> {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  math.divmod_w_asm")
+                    assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    return true
+                }
+                else -> return false
+            }
+        }
+        else if(expr.operator=="%") {
+            when(expr.type) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(expr.right, RegisterOrPair.Y, false)
+                    asmgen.out("  pla |  jsr  math.divmod_ub_asm")
+                    if(assign.target.register==RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        asmgen.out("  cmp  #0")     // fix the status register
+                    else
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
+                    return true
+                }
+                DataType.UWORD -> {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm")
+                    assignVariableWord(assign.target, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
+                    return true
+                }
+                else -> return false
+            }
+        }
+
         return false
     }
 
+    private fun assignOptimizedComparisonBytes(expr: PtBinaryExpression, assign: AsmAssignment): Boolean {
+        val signed = expr.left.type == DataType.BYTE || expr.right.type ==  DataType.BYTE
+
+        when(expr.operator) {
+            "==" -> {
+                asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                    beq  +
+                    lda  #0
+                    beq  ++
++                   lda  #1
++""")
+            }
+            "!=" -> {
+                asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                    bne  +
+                    lda  #0
+                    beq  ++
++                   lda  #1
++""")
+            }
+            "<" -> {
+                asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                if(signed)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        clc
+                        sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        bvc  +
+                        eor  #$80
++                       bpl  +
+                        lda  #0
+                        beq  ++
++                       lda  #1                        
++""")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        tay
+                        lda  #0
+                        cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        beq  +
+                        rol  a
++""")
+            }
+            "<=" -> {
+                asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                if(signed)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        sec
+                        sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        bvc  +
+                        eor  #$80
++                       bpl  +
+                        lda  #0
+                        beq  ++
++                       lda  #1                        
++""")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        lda  #0
+                        rol  a""")
+            }
+            ">" -> {
+                asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                if(signed)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        sec
+                        sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        bvc  +
+                        eor  #$80
++                       bmi  +
+                        lda  #0
+                        beq  ++
++                       lda  #1                        
++""")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        lda  #0
+                        rol  a
+                        eor  #1""")
+            }
+            ">=" -> {
+                asmgen.assignByteOperandsToAAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                if(signed)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        clc
+                        sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        bvc  +
+                        eor  #$80
++                       bmi  +
+                        lda  #0
+                        beq  ++
++                       lda  #1                        
++""")
+                else
+                asmgen.out("""
+                        cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                        beq  +
+                        bcc  +
+                        lda  #0
+                        beq  ++
++                       lda  #1
++""")
+            }
+            else -> return false
+        }
+
+        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, signed)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private fun assignOptimizedComparisonWords(expr: PtBinaryExpression, assign: AsmAssignment): Boolean {
+        val signed = expr.left.type == DataType.WORD || expr.right.type ==  DataType.WORD
+        when(expr.operator) {
+            "==" -> {
+                asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                    bne  +
+                    cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                    bne  +
+                    lda  #1
+                    bne  ++
++                   lda  #0
++""")
+            }
+            "!=" -> {
+                asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                    bne  +
+                    cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                    bne  +
+                    lda  #0
+                    beq  ++
++                   lda  #1
++""")
+            }
+            "<" -> {
+                if(signed) {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+        tya
+		sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bvc  +
+		eor  #${'$'}80
++		bpl  ++
++       lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+                else {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bcc  +
+        bne  ++
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		bcs  ++
++       lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+            }
+            "<=" -> {
+                if(signed) {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+        tya
+		sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bvc  +
+		eor  #${'$'}80
++		bmi  +
+        lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+                else {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bcc  ++
+		bne  +
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		bcc  ++                        
++       lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+            }
+            ">" -> {
+                if(signed) {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+        tya
+		sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bvc  +
+		eor  #${'$'}80
++		bpl  ++
++       lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+                else {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.right, expr.left, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bcc  +
+        bne  ++
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		bcs  ++
++       lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+            }
+            ">=" -> {
+                if(signed) {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+        tya
+		sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bvc  +
+		eor  #${'$'}80
++		bmi  +
+        lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+                else {
+                    asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(expr.left, expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                    asmgen.out("""
+		cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		bcc  ++
+		bne  +
+		cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		bcc  ++                        
++       lda  #1
+        bne  ++
++       lda  #0
++""")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> return false
+        }
+
+        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, signed)
+        return true
+    }
+
     private fun assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, left: PtExpression, operator: String, right: PtExpression) {
         assignExpressionToRegister(left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
         val operand = when(right) {
@@ -701,7 +1111,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out("  eor  $operand")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator")
         }
-        assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+        assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A, false)
     }
 
     private fun assignLogicalWithSimpleRightOperandWord(target: AsmAssignTarget, left: PtExpression, operator: String, right: PtExpression) {
@@ -743,7 +1153,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             beq  ++
 +                           lda  #1
 +""")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                         return true
                     }
                     in WordDatatypes -> {
@@ -756,13 +1166,13 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             beq  ++
 +                           lda  #1
 +""")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                         return true
                     }
                     DataType.FLOAT -> {
                         assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.SIGN |  and  #1 |  eor  #1")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                         return true
                     }
                     else->{
@@ -776,7 +1186,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, dt==DataType.BYTE)
                         asmgen.out("  beq  + |  lda  #1")
                         asmgen.out("+")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                         return true
                     }
                     in WordDatatypes -> {
@@ -784,13 +1194,13 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         asmgen.out("  sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                         asmgen.out("  beq  + |  lda  #1")
                         asmgen.out("+")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                         return true
                     }
                     DataType.FLOAT -> {
                         assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.SIGN")
-                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)
+                        assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A, true)
                         return true
                     }
                     else->{
@@ -871,7 +1281,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't use Z or N flags as return 'values'")
         }
-        assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+        assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A, false)
     }
 
     private fun assignTypeCastedValue(target: AsmAssignTarget, targetDt: DataType, value: PtExpression, origTypeCastExpression: PtTypeCast) {
@@ -2060,15 +2470,25 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun assignRegisterByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, register: CpuRegister) {
-        // we make an exception in the type check for assigning something to a register pair AX, AY or XY
-        // these will be correctly typecasted from a byte to a word value here
-        if(target.register !in setOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY))
-            require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes) { "assign target must be byte type ${target.position}"}
+    internal fun assignRegisterByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, register: CpuRegister, signed: Boolean) {
+        val assignAsWord = target.datatype in WordDatatypes
 
         when(target.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  st${register.name.lowercase()}  ${target.asmVarname}")
+                if(assignAsWord) {
+                    if(target.datatype in SignedDatatypes) {
+                        if(register!=CpuRegister.A)
+                            asmgen.out("  t${register.name.lowercase()}a")
+                        asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(if(target.datatype in SignedDatatypes) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE)
+                        asmgen.out("  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
+                    } else {
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                            asmgen.out("  stz  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
+                    }
+                }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
                 when(register) {
@@ -2079,6 +2499,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 storeRegisterAInMemoryAddress(target.memory!!)
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
+                if(assignAsWord)
+                    TODO("assign register as word into Array not yet supported")
                 if (target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
                     when (register) {
                         CpuRegister.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+${target.constArrayIndexValue}")
@@ -2102,9 +2524,40 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         RegisterOrPair.A -> {}
                         RegisterOrPair.X -> { asmgen.out("  tax") }
                         RegisterOrPair.Y -> { asmgen.out("  tay") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> { asmgen.out("  ldy  #0") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> { asmgen.out("  ldx  #0") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> { asmgen.out("  tax |  ldy  #0") }
+                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                ldy  #0
+                cmp  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dey
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  ldy  #0")
+                        }
+                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                ldx  #0
+                cmp  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dex
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  ldx  #0")
+                        }
+                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                tax
+                ldy  #0
+                cpx  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dey
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  tax |  ldy  #0")
+                        }
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected type cast to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                             // only assign a single byte to the virtual register's Lsb
@@ -2116,9 +2569,41 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         RegisterOrPair.A -> { asmgen.out("  txa") }
                         RegisterOrPair.X -> {  }
                         RegisterOrPair.Y -> { asmgen.out("  txy") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> { asmgen.out("  txa |  ldy  #0") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> { asmgen.out("  txa |  ldx  #0") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> { asmgen.out("  ldy  #0") }
+                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                txa
+                ldy  #0
+                cmp  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dey
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  txa |  ldy  #0")
+                        }
+                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                txa
+                ldx  #0
+                cmp  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dex
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  txa |  ldx  #0")
+                        }
+                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                ldy  #0
+                cpx  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dey
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  ldy  #0")
+                        }
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected type cast to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                             // only assign a single byte to the virtual register's Lsb
@@ -2130,9 +2615,43 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         RegisterOrPair.A -> { asmgen.out("  tya") }
                         RegisterOrPair.X -> { asmgen.out("  tyx") }
                         RegisterOrPair.Y -> { }
-                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> { asmgen.out("  tya |  ldy  #0") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> { asmgen.out("  tya |  ldx  #0") }
-                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> { asmgen.out("  tya |  tax |  ldy  #0") }
+                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                tya
+                ldy  #0
+                cmp  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dey
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  tya |  ldy  #0")
+                        }
+                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                tya
+                ldx  #0
+                cmp  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dex
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  tya |  ldx  #0")
+                        }
+                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                            if(signed)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                tya
+                tax
+                ldy  #0
+                cpx  #${'$'}80
+                bcc  +
+                dey
++""")
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out("  tya |  tax |  ldy  #0")
+                        }
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected type cast to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                             // only assign a single byte to the virtual register's Lsb
@@ -2143,6 +2662,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
+                if(assignAsWord)
+                    TODO("assign register as word onto Stack not yet supported")
                 when(register) {
                     CpuRegister.A -> asmgen.out(" sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
                     CpuRegister.X -> throw AssemblyError("can't use X here")
@@ -2669,7 +3190,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                     asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()}")
-                    assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> when(target.register!!) {
                     RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()}")
@@ -2709,7 +3230,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                     asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(identifier)
-                    assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A, false)
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
                     asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(identifier)

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -772,13 +772,12 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             "<" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $name
-                        cmp  $otherName
-                        bcc  +
                         lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
-+                       sta  $name""")
+                        ldy  $name
+                        cpy  $otherName
+                        rol  a
+                        eor  #1
+                        sta  $name""")
                 }
                 else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
@@ -798,13 +797,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             "<=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $otherName
-                        cmp  $name
-                        bcs  +
                         lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
-+                       sta  $name""")
+                        ldy  $otherName
+                        cpy  $name
+                        rol  a
+                        sta  $name""")
                 } else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
                     asmgen.out("""
@@ -823,13 +820,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             ">" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $name
-                        cmp  $otherName
+                        lda  #0
+                        ldy  $name
+                        cpy  $otherName
                         beq  +
-                        bcs  ++
-+                       lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
+                        rol  a
 +                       sta  $name""")
                 } else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
@@ -849,13 +844,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             ">=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $name
-                        cmp  $otherName
-                        bcs  +
                         lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
-+                       sta  $name""")
+                        ldy  $name
+                        cpy  $otherName
+                        rol  a
+                        sta  $name""")
                 } else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
                     asmgen.out("""
@@ -963,13 +956,12 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             "<" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $name
-                        cmp  #$value
-                        bcc  +
                         lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
-+                       sta  $name""")
+                        ldy  $name
+                        cpy  #$value
+                        rol  a
+                        eor  #1
+                        sta  $name""")
                 }
                 else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
@@ -989,13 +981,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             "<=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  #$value
-                        cmp  $name
-                        bcs  +
                         lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
-+                       sta  $name""")
+                        ldy  #$value
+                        cpy  $name
+                        rol  a
+                        sta  $name""")
                 } else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
                     asmgen.out("""
@@ -1014,13 +1004,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             ">" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $name
-                        cmp  #$value
+                        lda  #0
+                        ldy  $name
+                        cpy  #$value
                         beq  +
-                        bcs  ++
-+                       lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
+                        rol  a
 +                       sta  $name""")
                 } else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
@@ -1040,13 +1028,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             ">=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE) {
                     asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $name
-                        cmp  #$value
-                        bcs  +
                         lda  #0
-                        beq  ++
-+                       lda  #1
-+                       sta  $name""")
+                        ldy  $name
+                        cpy  #$value
+                        rol  a
+                        sta  $name""")
                 } else {
                     // see http://www.6502.org/tutorials/compare_beyond.html
                     asmgen.out("""

codeGenCpu6502/test/TestCodegen.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
 
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldNotThrowAny
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
@@ -102,5 +103,14 @@ class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
         result.name shouldBe "test"
         Files.deleteIfExists(Path("${result.name}.asm"))
     }
+
+    test("64tass assembler available? - if this fails you need to install 64tass in the path") {
+        val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--version")
+        shouldNotThrowAny {
+            val proc = ProcessBuilder(command).inheritIO().start()
+            val result = proc.waitFor()
+            result.shouldBe(0)
+        }
+    }
 })
 

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/ExperiCodeGen.kt

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ package prog8.codegen.experimental
 
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.code.core.ICodeGeneratorBackend
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
 import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
 

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/AssignmentGen.kt

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         assignment: PtAugmentedAssign
     ): IRCodeChunks {
         val value = assignment.value
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(value.type)
+        val vmDt = irType(value.type)
         return when(assignment.operator) {
             "+" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
             "-" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
 
     private fun assignVarAugmented(symbol: String, assignment: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
         val value = assignment.value
-        val targetDt = codeGen.irType(assignment.target.type)
+        val targetDt = irType(assignment.target.type)
         return when (assignment.operator) {
             "+=" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
             "-=" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
@@ -138,16 +138,16 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             "+" -> { }
             "-" -> {
                 code += if(address!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, value = address)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, address = address)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
             }
             "~" -> {
                 val regMask = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
                 val mask = if(vmDt==IRDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
-                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = mask)
+                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, immediate = mask)
                 code += if(address!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = address)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, address = address)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, labelSymbol = symbol)
             }
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         val targetIdent = assignment.target.identifier
         val targetMemory = assignment.target.memory
         val targetArray = assignment.target.array
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(assignment.value.type)
+        val valueDt = irType(assignment.value.type)
+        val targetDt = irType(assignment.target.type)
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
 
         var valueRegister = -1
@@ -169,30 +170,42 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         val zero = codeGen.isZero(assignment.value)
         if(!zero) {
             // calculate the assignment value
-            if (vmDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+            if (valueDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
                 val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value)
                 valueFpRegister = tr.resultFpReg
                 addToResult(result, tr, -1, valueFpRegister)
             } else {
+                val extendByteToWord = if(targetDt != valueDt) {
+                    // usually an error EXCEPT when a byte is assigned to a word.
+                    if(targetDt==IRDataType.WORD && valueDt==IRDataType.BYTE)
+                        true
+                    else
+                        throw AssemblyError("assignment value and target dt mismatch")
+                } else false
                 if (assignment.value is PtMachineRegister) {
                     valueRegister = (assignment.value as PtMachineRegister).register
+                    if(extendByteToWord)
+                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegister), null)
                 } else {
                     val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value)
                     valueRegister = tr.resultReg
                     addToResult(result, tr, valueRegister, -1)
+                    if(extendByteToWord) {
+                        val opcode = if(assignment.value.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.EXTS else Opcode.EXT
+                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueRegister), null)
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         if(targetIdent!=null) {
             val instruction = if(zero) {
-                IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, targetDt, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
             } else {
-                if (vmDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
-                }
+                if (targetDt == IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
                 else
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
             }
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += instruction }
             return result
@@ -214,9 +227,9 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 if(zero) {
                     // there's no STOREZIX instruction
                     valueRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, value=0)
+                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, immediate = 0)
                 }
-                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREIX, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=idxReg, labelSymbol = variable)
+                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREIX, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=idxReg, labelSymbol = variable)
                 result += code
                 return result
             }
@@ -225,59 +238,59 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             if(zero) {
                 if(fixedIndex!=null) {
                     val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
-                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, targetDt, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
                     result += chunk
                 } else {
                     val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
                     result += code
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, vmDt, reg1=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable) }
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, targetDt, reg1=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable) }
                 }
             } else {
-                if(vmDt== IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+                if(targetDt== IRDataType.FLOAT) {
                     if(fixedIndex!=null) {
                         val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
-                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
+                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
                         result += chunk
                     } else {
                         val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
                         result += code
-                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1 = indexReg, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = variable) }
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, targetDt, reg1 = indexReg, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = variable) }
                     }
                 } else {
                     if(fixedIndex!=null) {
                         val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
-                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
+                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
                         result += chunk
                     } else {
                         val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
                         result += code
-                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable) }
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable) }
                     }
                 }
             }
             return result
         }
         else if(targetMemory!=null) {
-            require(vmDt== IRDataType.BYTE) { "must be byte type ${targetMemory.position}"}
+            require(targetDt == IRDataType.BYTE) { "must be byte type ${targetMemory.position}"}
             if(zero) {
                 if(targetMemory.address is PtNumber) {
-                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, value=(targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, targetDt, address = (targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
                     result += chunk
                 } else {
                     val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetMemory.address)
                     val addressReg = tr.resultReg
                     addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, vmDt, reg1=addressReg) }
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, targetDt, reg1=addressReg) }
                 }
             } else {
                 if(targetMemory.address is PtNumber) {
-                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, value=(targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, address=(targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
                     result += chunk
                 } else {
                     val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetMemory.address)
                     val addressReg = tr.resultReg
                     addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=addressReg) }
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=addressReg) }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -300,7 +313,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         if(codeGen.options.useNewExprCode) {
             val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index)
             result += tr.chunks
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, tr.dt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value = itemsize), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, tr.dt, reg1=tr.resultReg, immediate = itemsize), null)
             return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
         } else {
             val mult: PtExpression

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -52,20 +52,28 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val number = call.args[0]
         val divident = call.args[1]
+        val divisionReg: Int
+        val remainderReg: Int
         if(divident is PtNumber) {
             val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMOD, type, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=divident.number.toInt()), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMOD, type, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = divident.number.toInt()), null)
+            divisionReg = tr.resultReg
+            remainderReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
         } else {
             val numTr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
             addToResult(result, numTr, numTr.resultReg, -1)
             val dividentTr = exprGen.translateExpression(divident)
             addToResult(result, dividentTr, dividentTr.resultReg, -1)
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMODR, type, reg1 = numTr.resultReg, reg2=dividentTr.resultReg), null)
+            divisionReg = numTr.resultReg
+            remainderReg = dividentTr.resultReg
         }
-        // DIVMOD result convention: division in r0, remainder in r1
-        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[2], 0)
-        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[3], 1)
+        // DIVMOD result convention: on value stack, division and remainder on top.
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, type, reg1=remainderReg), null)
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, type, reg1=divisionReg), null)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[2], divisionReg)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[3], remainderReg)
         return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, -1, -1)
     }
 
@@ -73,12 +81,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val left  = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
         val right = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
-        val targetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        addToResult(result, left, 65500, -1)
-        addToResult(result, right, 65501, -1)
-        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS.number), null)
-        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=targetReg, reg2=0), null)
-        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, targetReg, -1)
+        addToResult(result, left, left.resultReg, -1)
+        addToResult(result, right, right.resultReg, -1)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to left.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to right.resultReg), IRDataType.BYTE to left.resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, left.resultReg, -1)
     }
 
     private fun funcCmp(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
         val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
         addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
-        val dt = codeGen.irType(call.args[0].type)
+        val dt = irType(call.args[0].type)
         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.CMP, dt, reg1=leftTr.resultReg, reg2=rightTr.resultReg)
         }
@@ -108,14 +114,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             }
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
-        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
-            // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
-            if(tr.resultReg!=0)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, reg2 = 0)
-        }
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), IRDataType.BYTE to tr.resultReg)
         return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
     }
 
@@ -133,14 +135,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             }
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
-        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
-            // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
-            if(tr.resultReg!=0)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, reg2 = 0)
-        }
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), IRDataType.BYTE to tr.resultReg)
         return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
     }
 
@@ -164,8 +162,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                 val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, value=0x80)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0x80)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
                 }
@@ -177,8 +175,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                 val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, value=0x8000)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0x8000)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=tr.resultReg)
                 }
                 result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
@@ -190,7 +188,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
 
     private fun funcSgn(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(call.type)
+        val vmDt = irType(call.type)
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
         val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
@@ -261,11 +259,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             }
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
-        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
-        }
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = if(array.dt==DataType.STR) array.length!!-1 else array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), null)
         return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
     }
 
@@ -284,11 +281,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             }
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
-        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
-            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
-        }
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = if(array.dt==DataType.STR) array.length!!-1 else array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), null)
         return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
     }
 
@@ -310,7 +306,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
                 val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.WORD, value = address)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.WORD, address = address)
                 }
             } else {
                 val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
@@ -325,7 +321,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                 val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = address)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = address)
                 }
             } else {
                 val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
@@ -346,7 +342,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
                 val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.BYTE, value = address)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.BYTE, address = address)
                 }
             } else {
                 val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
@@ -361,7 +357,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                 val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = address)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = address)
                 }
             } else {
                 val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
@@ -382,7 +378,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
             val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, address = address)
             }
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
         } else {
@@ -402,7 +398,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
             val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, address = address)
             }
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
         } else {
@@ -442,7 +438,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
     }
 
     private fun funcRolRor(opcode: Opcode, call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(call.args[0].type)
+        val vmDt = irType(call.args[0].type)
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/ExpressionGen.kt

@@ -28,24 +28,24 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
     fun translateExpression(expr: PtExpression): ExpressionCodeResult {
         return when (expr) {
             is PtMachineRegister -> {
-                ExpressionCodeResult(emptyList(), codeGen.irType(expr.type), expr.register, -1)
+                ExpressionCodeResult(emptyList(), irType(expr.type), expr.register, -1)
             }
             is PtNumber -> {
-                val vmDt = codeGen.irType(expr.type)
+                val vmDt = irType(expr.type)
                 val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
                 if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
                     val resultFpRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
-                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpValue = expr.number.toFloat())
+                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, immediateFp = expr.number.toFloat())
                     ExpressionCodeResult(code, vmDt,-1, resultFpRegister)
                 }
                 else {
                     val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = expr.number.toInt())
+                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, immediate = expr.number.toInt())
                     ExpressionCodeResult(code, vmDt, resultRegister, -1)
                 }
             }
             is PtIdentifier -> {
-                val vmDt = codeGen.irType(expr.type)
+                val vmDt = irType(expr.type)
                 val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
                 if (expr.type in PassByValueDatatypes) {
                     if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 }
             }
             is PtAddressOf -> {
-                val vmDt = codeGen.irType(expr.type)
+                val vmDt = irType(expr.type)
                 val symbol = expr.identifier.name
                 // note: LOAD <symbol>  gets you the address of the symbol, whereas LOADM <symbol> would get you the value stored at that location
                 val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 if(expr.address is PtNumber) {
                     val address = (expr.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()
                     val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, value = address), null)
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, address = address), null)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
                 } else {
                     val tr = translateExpression(expr.address)
@@ -105,48 +105,35 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
 
     private fun translate(check: PtContainmentCheck): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        var tr = translateExpression(check.element)
-        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
         val iterable = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(check.iterable.name) as StStaticVariable
         when(iterable.dt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
-                tr = translateExpression(check.element)
-                addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-                tr = translateExpression(check.iterable)
-                addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase+1, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = IMSyscall.STRING_CONTAINS.number)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultReg, reg2=0)
-                }
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+                val elementTr = translateExpression(check.element)
+                addToResult(result, elementTr, elementTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val iterableTr = translateExpression(check.iterable)
+                addToResult(result, iterableTr, iterableTr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.STRING_CONTAINS, listOf(IRDataType.BYTE to elementTr.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to iterableTr.resultReg), IRDataType.BYTE to elementTr.resultReg)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, elementTr.resultReg, -1)
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
-                tr = translateExpression(check.element)
-                addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-                tr = translateExpression(check.iterable)
-                addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase+1, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=SyscallRegisterBase+2, value = iterable.length!!)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = IMSyscall.BYTEARRAY_CONTAINS.number)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultReg, reg2=0)
-                }
-                // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+                val elementTr = translateExpression(check.element)
+                addToResult(result, elementTr, elementTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val iterableTr = translateExpression(check.iterable)
+                addToResult(result, iterableTr, iterableTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=lengthReg, immediate = iterable.length!!), null)
+                result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.BYTEARRAY_CONTAINS, listOf(IRDataType.BYTE to elementTr.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to iterableTr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), IRDataType.BYTE to elementTr.resultReg)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, elementTr.resultReg, -1)
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-                tr = translateExpression(check.element)
-                addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-                tr = translateExpression(check.iterable)
-                addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase+1, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=SyscallRegisterBase+2, value = iterable.length!!)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = IMSyscall.WORDARRAY_CONTAINS.number)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultReg, reg2=0)
-                }
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+                val elementTr = translateExpression(check.element)
+                addToResult(result, elementTr, elementTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val iterableTr = translateExpression(check.iterable)
+                addToResult(result, iterableTr, iterableTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=lengthReg, immediate = iterable.length!!), null)
+                result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.WORDARRAY_CONTAINS, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to elementTr.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to iterableTr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), IRDataType.BYTE to elementTr.resultReg)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, elementTr.resultReg, -1)
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw AssemblyError("containment check in float-array not supported")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird iterable dt ${iterable.dt} for ${check.iterable.name}")
@@ -155,7 +142,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
 
     private fun translate(arrayIx: PtArrayIndexer): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(arrayIx.type)
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(arrayIx.type)
+        val vmDt = irType(arrayIx.type)
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val arrayVarSymbol = arrayIx.variable.name
 
@@ -205,7 +192,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = translateExpression(expr.value)
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, tr.resultFpReg)
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(expr.type)
+        val vmDt = irType(expr.type)
         when(expr.operator) {
             "+" -> { }
             "-" -> {
@@ -216,7 +203,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             }
             "~" -> {
                 val mask = if(vmDt==IRDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = mask), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = mask), null)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird prefix operator")
         }
@@ -321,12 +308,12 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast type")
         }
 
-        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, codeGen.irType(cast.type), actualResultReg2, actualResultFpReg2)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, irType(cast.type), actualResultReg2, actualResultFpReg2)
     }
 
     private fun translate(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression): ExpressionCodeResult {
         require(!codeGen.options.useNewExprCode)
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(binExpr.left.type)
+        val vmDt = irType(binExpr.left.type)
         val signed = binExpr.left.type in SignedDatatypes
         return when(binExpr.operator) {
             "+" -> operatorPlus(binExpr, vmDt)
@@ -353,87 +340,82 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         when (val callTarget = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(fcall.name)) {
             is StSub -> {
                 val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+                // assign the arguments
+                val argRegisters = mutableListOf<FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec>()
                 for ((arg, parameter) in fcall.args.zip(callTarget.parameters)) {
-                    val paramDt = codeGen.irType(parameter.type)
-                    val symbol = "${fcall.name}.${parameter.name}"
-                    if(codeGen.isZero(arg)) {
-                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, paramDt, labelSymbol = symbol), null)
-                    } else {
-                        if (paramDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-                            val tr = translateExpression(arg)
-                            addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
-                            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, paramDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, labelSymbol = symbol), null)
-                        } else {
-                            val tr = translateExpression(arg)
-                            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, paramDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol), null)
-                        }
-                    }
+                    val paramDt = irType(parameter.type)
+                    val tr = translateExpression(arg)
+                    if(paramDt==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                        argRegisters.add(FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec(parameter.name, null, FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(IRDataType.FLOAT, tr.resultFpReg, null)))
+                    else
+                        argRegisters.add(FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec(parameter.name, null, FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(paramDt, tr.resultReg, null)))
+                    result += tr.chunks
                 }
-                return if(fcall.void) {
-                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol = fcall.name), null)
+                // return value
+                val returnRegSpec = if(fcall.void) null else {
+                    val returnIrType = irType(callTarget.returnType!!)
+                    if(returnIrType==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                        FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(returnIrType, codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat(), null)
+                    else
+                        FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(returnIrType, codeGen.registers.nextFree(), null)
+                }
+                // create the call
+                val call = IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol = fcall.name, fcallArgs = FunctionCallArgs(argRegisters, returnRegSpec))
+                addInstr(result, call, null)
+                return if(fcall.void)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
-                } else {
-                    var resultReg = -1
-                    var resultFpReg = -1
-                    if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
-                        resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
-                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.CALLRVAL, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1=resultFpReg, labelSymbol=fcall.name), null)
-                    } else {
-                        resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.CALLRVAL, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol=fcall.name), null)
-                    }
-                    ExpressionCodeResult(result, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), resultReg, resultFpReg)
-                }
+                else if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT)
+                    ExpressionCodeResult(result, returnRegSpec!!.dt, -1, returnRegSpec.registerNum)
+                else
+                    ExpressionCodeResult(result, returnRegSpec!!.dt, returnRegSpec.registerNum, -1)
             }
             is StRomSub -> {
                 val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+                // assign the arguments
+                val argRegisters = mutableListOf<FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec>()
                 for ((arg, parameter) in fcall.args.zip(callTarget.parameters)) {
-                    val paramDt = codeGen.irType(parameter.type)
-                    val paramRegStr = if(parameter.register.registerOrPair!=null) parameter.register.registerOrPair.toString() else parameter.register.statusflag.toString()
-                    if(codeGen.isZero(arg)) {
-                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZCPU, paramDt, labelSymbol = paramRegStr), null)
+                    val paramDt = irType(parameter.type)
+                    val tr = translateExpression(arg)
+                    if(paramDt==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                        argRegisters.add(FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec("", null, FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(IRDataType.FLOAT, tr.resultFpReg, parameter.register)))
+                    else
+                        argRegisters.add(FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec("", null, FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(paramDt, tr.resultReg, parameter.register)))
+                    result += tr.chunks
+                }
+                // return value
+                val returnRegSpec = if(fcall.void) null else {
+                    if(callTarget.returns.isEmpty())
+                        null
+                    else if(callTarget.returns.size==1) {
+                        val returns = callTarget.returns[0]
+                        val returnIrType = irType(returns.type)
+                        if(returnIrType==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                            FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(returnIrType, codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat(), returns.register)
+                        else
+                            FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(returnIrType, codeGen.registers.nextFree(), returns.register)
                     } else {
-                        if (paramDt == IRDataType.FLOAT)
-                            throw AssemblyError("doesn't support float register argument in asm romsub")
-                        val tr = translateExpression(arg)
-                        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STORECPU, paramDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = paramRegStr), null)
+                        // multiple return values: take the first *register* (not status flag) return value and ignore the rest.
+                        val returns = callTarget.returns.first { it.register.registerOrPair!=null }
+                        val returnIrType = irType(returns.type)
+                        if(returnIrType==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                            FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(returnIrType, codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat(), returns.register)
+                        else
+                            FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(returnIrType, codeGen.registers.nextFree(), returns.register)
                     }
                 }
-                // just a regular call without using Vm register call convention: the value is returned in CPU registers!
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, value=callTarget.address.toInt()), null)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                if(!fcall.void) {
-                    when(callTarget.returns.size) {
-                        0 -> throw AssemblyError("expect a return value")
-                        1 -> {
-                            if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT)
-                                throw AssemblyError("doesn't support float register result in asm romsub")
-                            val returns = callTarget.returns.single()
-                            val regStr = if(returns.register.registerOrPair!=null) returns.register.registerOrPair.toString() else returns.register.statusflag.toString()
-                            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADCPU, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol = regStr), null)
-                        }
-                        else -> {
-                            val returnRegister = callTarget.returns.singleOrNull{ it.register.registerOrPair!=null }
-                            if(returnRegister!=null) {
-                                // we skip the other values returned in the status flags.
-                                val regStr = returnRegister.register.registerOrPair.toString()
-                                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADCPU, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol = regStr), null)
-                            } else {
-                                val firstReturnRegister = callTarget.returns.firstOrNull{ it.register.registerOrPair!=null }
-                                if(firstReturnRegister!=null) {
-                                    // we just take the first register return value and ignore the rest.
-                                    val regStr = firstReturnRegister.register.registerOrPair.toString()
-                                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADCPU, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol = regStr), null)
-                                } else {
-                                    throw AssemblyError("invalid number of return values from call")
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, if(fcall.void) IRDataType.BYTE else codeGen.irType(fcall.type), resultReg, -1)
+                // create the call
+                val call =
+                    if(callTarget.address==null)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol = fcall.name, fcallArgs = FunctionCallArgs(argRegisters, returnRegSpec))
+                    else
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, address = callTarget.address!!.toInt(), fcallArgs = FunctionCallArgs(argRegisters, returnRegSpec))
+                addInstr(result, call, null)
+                return if(fcall.void)
+                    ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+                else if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT)
+                    ExpressionCodeResult(result, returnRegSpec!!.dt, -1, returnRegSpec.registerNum)
+                else
+                    ExpressionCodeResult(result, returnRegSpec!!.dt, returnRegSpec.registerNum, -1)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid node type")
         }
@@ -454,7 +436,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=resultRegister, fpReg1 = leftTr.resultFpReg, fpReg2 = rightTr.resultFpReg), null)
             val zeroRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, value=0), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, immediate = 0), null)
             val ins = if (signed) {
                 if (greaterEquals) Opcode.SGES else Opcode.SGTS
             } else {
@@ -464,21 +446,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
         } else {
             if(binExpr.left.type==DataType.STR && binExpr.right.type==DataType.STR) {
-                val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
-                addToResult(result, leftTr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-                val rightTr = translateExpression(binExpr.right)
-                addToResult(result, rightTr, SyscallRegisterBase+1, -1)
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS.number)
-                    // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
-                    val zeroReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = zeroReg, value = 0)
-                    it += if (greaterEquals)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.SGES, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, reg2 = zeroReg)
-                    else
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.SGTS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, reg2 = zeroReg)
-                }
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+                throw AssemblyError("str compares should have been replaced with builtin function call to do the compare")
             } else {
                 val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                 addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
@@ -510,7 +478,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=resultRegister, fpReg1 = leftTr.resultFpReg, fpReg2 = rightTr.resultFpReg), null)
             val zeroRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, value=0), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, immediate = 0), null)
             val ins = if (signed) {
                 if (lessEquals) Opcode.SLES else Opcode.SLTS
             } else {
@@ -520,23 +488,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
         } else {
             if(binExpr.left.type==DataType.STR && binExpr.right.type==DataType.STR) {
-                val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
-                addToResult(result, leftTr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-                val rightTr = translateExpression(binExpr.right)
-                addToResult(result, rightTr, SyscallRegisterBase+1, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS.number)
-                    // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
-                    val zeroReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = zeroReg, value = 0)
-                    it += if (lessEquals)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.SLES, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = 0, reg2 = zeroReg)
-                    else
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.SLTS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = 0, reg2 = zeroReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultReg, reg2=0)
-                }
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+                throw AssemblyError("str compares should have been replaced with builtin function call to do the compare")
             } else {
                 val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                 addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
@@ -563,32 +515,19 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
             val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
             val label = codeGen.createLabelName()
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, value=1), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, immediate = 1), null)
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=valueReg, fpReg1 = leftTr.resultFpReg, fpReg2 = rightTr.resultFpReg), null)
             if (notEquals) {
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.BNZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = label), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.BNE, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = label), null)
             } else {
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = label), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = label), null)
             }
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, value=0), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, immediate = 0), null)
             result += IRCodeChunk(label, null)
             return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
         } else {
             if(binExpr.left.type==DataType.STR && binExpr.right.type==DataType.STR) {
-                val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
-                addToResult(result, leftTr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
-                val rightTr = translateExpression(binExpr.right)
-                addToResult(result, rightTr, SyscallRegisterBase+1, -1)
-                val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS.number)
-                    // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
-                    if (!notEquals)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.INV, vmDt, reg1 = 0)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=0)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = 1)
-                }
-                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
+                throw AssemblyError("str compares should have been replaced with builtin function call to do the compare")
             } else {
                 return if(constValue(binExpr.right)==0.0) {
                     val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -651,7 +590,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
             val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, tr.resultReg, -1)
         } else {
             val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -668,7 +607,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
             val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, tr.resultReg, -1)
         } else {
             val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -685,7 +624,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
             val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, tr.resultReg, -1)
         } else {
             val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -703,7 +642,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
             val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, tr.resultReg, -1)
         } else {
             val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -749,9 +688,9 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                     val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                     addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
                     addInstr(result, if (signed)
-                            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, vmDt, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
+                            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, vmDt, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
                         else
-                            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, vmDt, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
+                            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, vmDt, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
                             , null)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
                 } else {
@@ -832,7 +771,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
                     val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                     addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
-                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, fpValue = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toFloat()), null)
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, immediateFp = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toFloat()), null)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
                 } else {
                     val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -852,9 +791,9 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             }
             else {
                 return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-                    val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left,)
+                    val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                     addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 } else {
                     val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -887,7 +826,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
                     val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                     addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
-                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, fpValue = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toFloat()), null)
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, immediateFp = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toFloat()), null)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
                 } else {
                     val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -915,7 +854,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 return if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
                     val tr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
                     addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt()), null)
                     ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 } else {
                     val leftTr = translateExpression(binExpr.left)
@@ -935,7 +874,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         val tr = translateExpression(operand)
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
         addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value=knownAddress)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
         else
             IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
             ,null)
@@ -947,7 +886,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         val tr = translateExpression(operand)
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
         addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
         else
             IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
             , null)
@@ -966,13 +905,13 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
                 val ins = if(signed) {
                     if(knownAddress!=null)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, value = knownAddress)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, address = knownAddress)
                     else
                         IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 }
                 else {
                     if(knownAddress!=null)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, value = knownAddress)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, address = knownAddress)
                     else
                         IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 }
@@ -987,13 +926,13 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 val ins = if(signed) {
                     if(knownAddress!=null)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                     else
                         IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 }
                 else {
                     if(knownAddress!=null)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                     else
                         IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 }
@@ -1014,7 +953,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 val tr = translateExpression(operand)
                 addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, fpReg1 = tr.resultFpReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1027,7 +966,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 val tr = translateExpression(operand)
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1041,7 +980,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
             if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, value=knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1050,7 +989,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 val tr = translateExpression(operand)
                 addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, fpReg1=tr.resultFpReg, value=knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, fpReg1=tr.resultFpReg, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, fpReg1=tr.resultFpReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1058,7 +997,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         } else {
             if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, value=knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1067,7 +1006,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 val tr = translateExpression(operand)
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1081,7 +1020,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
             if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, value = knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1090,7 +1029,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 val tr = translateExpression(operand)
                 addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, fpReg1=tr.resultFpReg, value = knownAddress)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, fpReg1=tr.resultFpReg, address = knownAddress)
                     else
                         IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, fpReg1=tr.resultFpReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                         , null)
@@ -1098,7 +1037,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         } else {
             if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, value = knownAddress)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, address = knownAddress)
                 else
                     IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1107,7 +1046,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 val tr = translateExpression(operand)
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
                 addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value=knownAddress)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                     else
                         IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     , null)
@@ -1121,7 +1060,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         if(codeGen.isOne(operand)) {
             val opc = if (signed) Opcode.ASRM else Opcode.LSRM
             val ins = if(knownAddress!=null)
-                IRInstruction(opc, vmDt, value=knownAddress)
+                IRInstruction(opc, vmDt, address = knownAddress)
             else
                 IRInstruction(opc, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
             addInstr(result, ins, null)
@@ -1130,7 +1069,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
             val opc = if (signed) Opcode.ASRNM else Opcode.LSRNM
             val ins = if(knownAddress!=null)
-                IRInstruction(opc, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=knownAddress)
+                IRInstruction(opc, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
             else
                 IRInstruction(opc, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
             addInstr(result, ins, null)
@@ -1142,7 +1081,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         if(codeGen.isOne(operand)){
             addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, vmDt, value=knownAddress)
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, vmDt, address = knownAddress)
             else
                 IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 , null)
@@ -1150,7 +1089,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             val tr = translateExpression(operand)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
             addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-                IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLNM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value=knownAddress)
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLNM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
             else
                 IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLNM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 ,null)
@@ -1163,7 +1102,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         val tr = translateExpression(operand)
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
         addInstr(result, if(knownAddress!=null)
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, address = knownAddress)
         else
             IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=tr.resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
             ,null)
@@ -1178,15 +1117,15 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             if (knownAddress != null) {
                 // @(address) = @(address) %= operand
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, value = knownAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, value = number)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, address = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, immediate = number)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                 }
             } else {
                 // symbol = symbol %= operand
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, value = number)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, immediate = number)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 }
             }
@@ -1196,9 +1135,9 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             if (knownAddress != null) {
                 // @(address) = @(address) %= operand
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MODR, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, address = knownAddress)
                 }
             } else {
                 // symbol = symbol %= operand
@@ -1279,16 +1218,16 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             if (knownAddress != null) {
                 // in-place modify a memory location
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, value = knownAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=numberReg, value=operand.number.toInt())
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=numberReg, immediate = operand.number.toInt())
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, reg2 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
                 }
             } else {
                 // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=numberReg, value=operand.number.toInt())
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=numberReg, immediate = operand.number.toInt())
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, reg2 = numberReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                 }
@@ -1299,9 +1238,9 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             if (knownAddress != null) {
                 // in-place modify a memory location
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
                 }
             } else {
                 // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
@@ -1330,21 +1269,21 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             if (knownAddress != null) {
                 // in-place modify a memory location
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, value = knownAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = numberReg, fpValue = operand.number.toFloat())
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = numberReg, immediateFp = operand.number.toFloat())
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, value=0)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpReg, reg2=zeroReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, value=knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
                 }
             } else {
                 // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = numberReg, fpValue = operand.number.toFloat())
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = numberReg, immediateFp = operand.number.toFloat())
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, value=0)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpReg, reg2=zeroReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
@@ -1356,19 +1295,19 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             if (knownAddress != null) {
                 // in-place modify a memory location
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, value = knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, value=0)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpReg, reg2=zeroReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, value=knownAddress)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = knownAddress)
                 }
             } else {
                 // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, value=0)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
                     it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpReg, reg2=zeroReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRPeepholeOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,39 @@
 package prog8.codegen.intermediate
 
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.intermediate.*
 
-internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
-    fun optimize() {
+class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
+    fun optimize(optimizationsEnabled: Boolean, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+        if(!optimizationsEnabled)
+            return optimizeOnlyJoinChunks()
+
+        peepholeOptimize()
+        val remover = IRUnusedCodeRemover(irprog, errors)
+        var totalRemovals = 0
+        do {
+            val numRemoved = remover.optimize()
+            totalRemovals += numRemoved
+        } while(numRemoved>0 && errors.noErrors())
+        errors.report()
+
+        if(totalRemovals>0) {
+            irprog.linkChunks()  // re-link again.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun optimizeOnlyJoinChunks() {
         irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            joinChunks(sub)
+            removeEmptyChunks(sub)
+            joinChunks(sub)
+        }
+        irprog.linkChunks() // re-link
+    }
+
+    private fun peepholeOptimize() {
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            joinChunks(sub)
             removeEmptyChunks(sub)
             joinChunks(sub)
             sub.chunks.withIndex().forEach { (index, chunk1) ->
@@ -28,7 +57,7 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
             removeEmptyChunks(sub)
         }
 
-        irprog.linkChunks() // re-link
+        irprog.linkChunks()  // re-link
     }
 
     private fun removeEmptyChunks(sub: IRSubroutine) {
@@ -38,7 +67,7 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
         /*
         Empty Code chunk with label ->
             If next chunk has no label -> move label to next chunk, remove original
-            If next chunk has label -> label name should be the same, remove original. Otherwise FOR NOW leave it in place. (TODO: consolidate labels into 1)
+            If next chunk has label -> label name should be the same, remove original. Otherwise FOR NOW leave it in place. (TODO: merge both labels into 1)
             If is last chunk -> keep chunk in place because of the label.
         Empty Code chunk without label ->
             should not have been generated! ERROR.
@@ -63,7 +92,7 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
                             if (chunk.label == nextchunk.label)
                                 removeChunks += index
                             else {
-                                // TODO: consolidate labels on same chunk
+                                // TODO: merge labels on same chunk
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -85,7 +114,7 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
         if(sub.chunks.isEmpty())
             return
 
-        fun mayJoin(previous: IRCodeChunkBase, chunk: IRCodeChunkBase): Boolean {
+        fun mayJoinCodeChunks(previous: IRCodeChunkBase, chunk: IRCodeChunkBase): Boolean {
             if(chunk.label!=null)
                 return false
             if(previous is IRCodeChunk && chunk is IRCodeChunk) {
@@ -102,12 +131,39 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
         chunks += sub.chunks[0]
         for(ix in 1 until sub.chunks.size) {
             val lastChunk = chunks.last()
-            if(mayJoin(lastChunk, sub.chunks[ix])) {
-                lastChunk.instructions += sub.chunks[ix].instructions
-                lastChunk.next = sub.chunks[ix].next
+            val candidate = sub.chunks[ix]
+            when(candidate) {
+                is IRCodeChunk -> {
+                    if(mayJoinCodeChunks(lastChunk, candidate)) {
+                        lastChunk.instructions += candidate.instructions
+                        lastChunk.next = candidate.next
+                    }
+                    else
+                        chunks += candidate
+                }
+                is IRInlineAsmChunk -> {
+                    if(candidate.label!=null)
+                        chunks += candidate
+                    else if(lastChunk.isEmpty()) {
+                        val label = lastChunk.label
+                        if(label!=null)
+                            chunks += IRInlineAsmChunk(label, candidate.assembly, candidate.isIR, candidate.next)
+                        else
+                            chunks += candidate
+                    }
+                }
+                is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> {
+                    if(candidate.label!=null)
+                        chunks += candidate
+                    else if(lastChunk.isEmpty()) {
+                        val label = lastChunk.label
+                        if(label!=null)
+                            chunks += IRInlineBinaryChunk(label, candidate.data, candidate.next)
+                        else
+                            chunks += candidate
+                    }
+                }
             }
-            else
-                chunks += sub.chunks[ix]
         }
         sub.chunks.clear()
         sub.chunks += chunks
@@ -176,7 +232,7 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
             }
 
             // remove useless RETURN
-            if(idx>0 && (ins.opcode == Opcode.RETURN || ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURNREG)) {
+            if(idx>0 && (ins.opcode == Opcode.RETURN || ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURNR)) {
                 val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
                 if(previous.opcode in OpcodesThatJump) {
                     chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
@@ -194,14 +250,16 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
             }
 
             // replace call + return --> jump
-            if(idx>0 && ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURN) {
-                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
-                if(previous.opcode==Opcode.CALL || previous.opcode==Opcode.CALLRVAL) {
-                    chunk.instructions[idx-1] = IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, value=previous.value, labelSymbol = previous.labelSymbol, branchTarget = previous.branchTarget)
-                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
-                    changed = true
-                }
-            }
+            // This can no longer be done here on the IR level, with the current CALL opcode that encodes the full subroutine call setup.
+            // If machine code is ever generated from this IR, *that* should possibly optimize the JSR + RTS into a JMP.
+//            if(idx>0 && ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURN) {
+//                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+//                if(previous.opcode==Opcode.CALL) {
+//                    chunk.instructions[idx-1] = IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, address = previous.address, labelSymbol = previous.labelSymbol, branchTarget = previous.branchTarget)
+//                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+//                    changed = true
+//                }
+//            }
         }
         return changed
     }
@@ -212,47 +270,47 @@ internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
         indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
             when (ins.opcode) {
                 Opcode.DIV, Opcode.DIVS, Opcode.MUL, Opcode.MOD -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 1) {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 1) {
                         chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
                         changed = true
                     }
                 }
                 Opcode.ADD, Opcode.SUB -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 1) {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 1) {
                         chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(
                             if (ins.opcode == Opcode.ADD) Opcode.INC else Opcode.DEC,
                             ins.type,
                             ins.reg1
                         )
                         changed = true
-                    } else if (ins.value == 0) {
+                    } else if (ins.immediate == 0) {
                         chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
                         changed = true
                     }
                 }
                 Opcode.AND -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 0) {
-                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, value = 0)
+                    if (ins.immediate == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, immediate = 0)
                         changed = true
-                    } else if (ins.value == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) {
+                    } else if (ins.immediate == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) {
                         chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
                         changed = true
-                    } else if (ins.value == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD) {
+                    } else if (ins.immediate == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD) {
                         chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
                         changed = true
                     }
                 }
                 Opcode.OR -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 0) {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 0) {
                         chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
                         changed = true
-                    } else if ((ins.value == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) || (ins.value == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD)) {
-                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, value = ins.value)
+                    } else if ((ins.immediate == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) || (ins.immediate == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD)) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, immediate = ins.immediate)
                         changed = true
                     }
                 }
                 Opcode.XOR -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 0) {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 0) {
                         chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
                         changed = true
                     }

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRUnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -5,35 +5,18 @@ import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
 import prog8.intermediate.*
 
 
-internal class IRUnusedCodeRemover(private val irprog: IRProgram, private val errors: IErrorReporter) {
+class IRUnusedCodeRemover(
+    private val irprog: IRProgram,
+    private val errors: IErrorReporter
+) {
     fun optimize(): Int {
-        val allLabeledChunks = mutableMapOf<String, IRCodeChunkBase>()
-
-        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
-            sub.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
-                chunk.label?.let { allLabeledChunks[it] = chunk }
-            }
-        }
-
-        var numRemoved = removeSimpleUnlinked(allLabeledChunks) + removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks)
-
-        // remove empty subs
-        irprog.blocks.forEach { block ->
-            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>().reversed().forEach { sub ->
-                if(sub.isEmpty()) {
-                    if(!sub.position.file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
-                        errors.warn("unused subroutine ${sub.label}", sub.position)
-                    }
-                    block.children.remove(sub)
-                    numRemoved++
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        var numRemoved = removeUnusedSubroutines() + removeUnusedAsmSubroutines()
 
         // remove empty blocks
         irprog.blocks.reversed().forEach { block ->
             if(block.isEmpty()) {
                 irprog.blocks.remove(block)
+                irprog.st.removeTree(block.label)
                 numRemoved++
             }
         }
@@ -41,8 +24,106 @@ internal class IRUnusedCodeRemover(private val irprog: IRProgram, private val er
         return numRemoved
     }
 
+    private fun removeUnusedSubroutines(): Int {
+        val allLabeledChunks = mutableMapOf<String, IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            sub.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
+                chunk.label?.let { allLabeledChunks[it] = chunk }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var numRemoved = removeSimpleUnlinked(allLabeledChunks) + removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks)
+        irprog.blocks.forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>().reversed().forEach { sub ->
+                if(sub.isEmpty()) {
+                    if(!sub.position.file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
+                        errors.warn("unused subroutine ${sub.label}", sub.position)
+                    }
+                    block.children.remove(sub)
+                    irprog.st.removeTree(sub.label)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnusedAsmSubroutines(): Int {
+        val allLabeledAsmsubs = irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRAsmSubroutine>() }
+            .associateBy { it.label }
+
+        var numRemoved = removeSimpleUnlinkedAsmsubs(allLabeledAsmsubs)
+        irprog.blocks.forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRAsmSubroutine>().reversed().forEach { sub ->
+                if(sub.isEmpty()) {
+                    if(!sub.position.file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
+                        errors.warn("unused asmsubroutine ${sub.label}", sub.position)
+                    }
+                    block.children.remove(sub)
+                    irprog.st.removeTree(sub.label)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeSimpleUnlinkedAsmsubs(allSubs: Map<String, IRAsmSubroutine>): Int {
+        val linkedAsmSubs = mutableSetOf<IRAsmSubroutine>()
+
+        // TODO: asmsubs in library modules are never removed, we can't really tell here if they're actually being called or not...
+
+        // check if asmsub is called from another asmsub
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRAsmSubroutine>().forEach { sub ->
+                if (block.forceOutput || block.library)
+                    linkedAsmSubs += sub
+                if (sub.asmChunk.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    allSubs.forEach { (label, asmsub) ->
+                        if (sub.asmChunk.assembly.contains(label))
+                            linkedAsmSubs += asmsub
+                    }
+                }
+                val inlineAsm = sub.asmChunk.next as? IRInlineAsmChunk
+                if(inlineAsm!=null) {
+                    allSubs.forEach { (label, asmsub) ->
+                        if (inlineAsm.assembly.contains(label))
+                            linkedAsmSubs += asmsub
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if asmsub is linked or called from another regular subroutine
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            sub.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
+                chunk.instructions.forEach {
+                    it.labelSymbol?.let { label -> allSubs[label]?.let { cc -> linkedAsmSubs += cc } }
+                    // note: branchTarget can't yet point to another IRAsmSubroutine, so do nothing when it's set
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removeUnlinkedAsmsubs(linkedAsmSubs)
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnlinkedAsmsubs(linkedAsmSubs: Set<IRAsmSubroutine>): Int {
+        var numRemoved = 0
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().forEach { block ->
+            block.children.withIndex().reversed().forEach { (index, child) ->
+                if(child is IRAsmSubroutine && child !in linkedAsmSubs) {
+                    block.children.removeAt(index)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
     private fun removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks: MutableMap<String, IRCodeChunkBase>): Int {
-        val entrypointSub = irprog.blocks.single { it.name=="main" }.children.single { it is IRSubroutine && it.label=="main.start" }
+        val entrypointSub = irprog.blocks.single { it.label=="main" }.children.single { it is IRSubroutine && it.label=="main.start" }
         val reachable = mutableSetOf((entrypointSub as IRSubroutine).chunks.first())
 
         fun grow() {
@@ -92,7 +173,7 @@ internal class IRUnusedCodeRemover(private val irprog: IRProgram, private val er
     }
 
     private fun removeUnlinkedChunks(
-        linkedChunks: MutableSet<IRCodeChunkBase>
+        linkedChunks: Set<IRCodeChunkBase>
     ): Int {
         var numRemoved = 0
         irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/RegisterPool.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.codegen.intermediate
 
-import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
-import prog8.intermediate.SyscallRegisterBase
-
 internal class RegisterPool {
-    // reserve 0,1,2 for return values of subroutine calls and syscalls
-    // TODO set this back to 0 once 'resultRegister' has been removed everywhere and SYSCALL/DIVMOD fixed?
+    // reserve 0,1,2 for return values of subroutine calls and syscalls in IR assembly code
     private var firstFree: Int=3
     private var firstFreeFloat: Int=3
 
@@ -15,16 +11,12 @@ internal class RegisterPool {
     fun nextFree(): Int {
         val result = firstFree
         firstFree++
-        if(firstFree >= SyscallRegisterBase)
-            throw AssemblyError("out of virtual registers (int)")
         return result
     }
 
     fun nextFreeFloat(): Int {
         val result = firstFreeFloat
         firstFreeFloat++
-        if(firstFreeFloat >= SyscallRegisterBase)
-            throw AssemblyError("out of virtual registers (fp)")
         return result
     }
 }

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/vm/VmCodeGen.kt

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ package prog8.codegen.vm
 
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.code.core.ICodeGeneratorBackend
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
 import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
 import prog8.intermediate.IRProgram

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestIRPeepholeOpt.kt

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import prog8.intermediate.*
 class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
     fun makeIRProgram(chunks: List<IRCodeChunkBase>): IRProgram {
         require(chunks.first().label=="main.start")
-        val block = IRBlock("main", null, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
+        val block = IRBlock("main", null, false, false, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
         val sub = IRSubroutine("main.start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
         chunks.forEach { sub += it }
         block += sub
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
 
     test("remove nops") {
         val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, value=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, immediate=42),
             IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP),
             IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP)
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 3
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 1
     }
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
         irProg.chunks().size shouldBe 4
         irProg.chunks().flatMap { it.instructions }.size shouldBe 5
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         irProg.chunks().size shouldBe 4
         irProg.chunks()[0].label shouldBe "main.start"
         irProg.chunks()[1].label shouldBe "label"
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 6
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
         instr.size shouldBe 1
         instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.CLC
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
         instr.size shouldBe 1
         instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOADR
@@ -117,31 +117,31 @@ class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
 
     test("remove useless div/mul, add/sub") {
         val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0)
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 10
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
     }
 
     test("replace add/sub 1 by inc/dec") {
         val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1)
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 2
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
         instr.size shouldBe 2
         instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
@@ -150,40 +150,40 @@ class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
 
     test("remove useless and/or/xor") {
         val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 255),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 65535),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 200),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 60000),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 255),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 65535),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 200),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 60000),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1)
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 8
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
     }
 
     test("replace and/or/xor by constant number") {
         val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 255),
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 65535)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 255),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 65535)
         ))
         irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
         val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
-        opt.optimize()
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
         val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
         instr.size shouldBe 4
         instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
         instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
         instr[2].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
         instr[3].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
-        instr[0].value shouldBe 0
-        instr[1].value shouldBe 0
-        instr[2].value shouldBe 255
-        instr[3].value shouldBe 65535
+        instr[0].immediate shouldBe 0
+        instr[1].immediate shouldBe 0
+        instr[2].immediate shouldBe 255
+        instr[3].immediate shouldBe 65535
     }
 })

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestVmCodeGen.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.ints.shouldBeGreaterThan
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
 import prog8.codegen.vm.VmAssemblyProgram
 import prog8.codegen.vm.VmCodeGen
 import prog8.intermediate.IRSubroutine
+import prog8.intermediate.Opcode
 
 class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
 
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
         val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
         val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
         val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
-        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
     }
 
     test("float comparison expressions against zero") {
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
         val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
         val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
         val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
-        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
     }
 
     test("integer comparison expressions against zero") {
@@ -436,7 +438,36 @@ class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
         val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
         val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
         val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
-        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
     }
 
+    test("romsub allowed in ir-codegen") {
+//main {
+//    romsub $5000 = routine()
+//
+//    sub start()  {
+//        routine()
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val romsub = PtAsmSub("routine", 0x5000u, setOf(CpuRegister.Y), emptyList(), emptyList(), false, Position.DUMMY)
+        block.add(romsub)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        val call = PtFunctionCall("main.routine", true, DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(call)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
+        val callInstr = irChunks.single().instructions.single()
+        callInstr.opcode shouldBe Opcode.CALL
+        callInstr.address shouldBe 0x5000
+    }
 })

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/StatementOptimizer.kt

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
         if(iterationCount!=null) {
             val loopName = forLoop.loopVar.nameInSource
             if(!forLoop.iterable.referencesIdentifier(loopName) && !forLoop.body.referencesIdentifier(loopName)) {
-                errors.warn("for loop can be replaced with repeat loop, possibly also remove the loop variable", forLoop.position)
+                errors.warn("for loop can be replaced with repeat loop", forLoop.position)
                 val repeat = RepeatLoop(NumericLiteral.optimalNumeric(iterationCount, forLoop.position), forLoop.body, forLoop.position)
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(forLoop, repeat, parent))
             }

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/UnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -157,6 +157,12 @@ class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program,
         return noModifications
     }
 
+    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(assignment.target isSameAs assignment.value)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
     private fun deduplicateAssignments(statements: List<Statement>, scope: IStatementContainer): List<IAstModification> {
         // removes 'duplicate' assignments that assign the same target directly after another, unless it is a function call
         val linesToRemove = mutableListOf<Assignment>()

compiler/res/prog8lib/c128/floats.asm

@@ -1,664 +0,0 @@
-; --- low level floating point assembly routines for the C128
-;     these are almost all identical to the C64 except for a few details
-;     so we have to have a separate library file for the C128 unfortunately.
-
-
-FL_ONE_const	.byte  129     			; 1.0
-FL_ZERO_const	.byte  0,0,0,0,0		; 0.0
-FL_LOG2_const	.byte  $80, $31, $72, $17, $f8	; log(2)
-
-
-floats_store_reg	.byte  0		; temp storage
-
-
-ub2float	.proc
-		; -- convert ubyte in SCRATCH_ZPB1 to float at address A/Y
-		;    clobbers A, Y
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		lda  #0
-		jsr  GIVAYF
-_fac_to_mem	ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		jsr  MOVMF
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-b2float		.proc
-		; -- convert byte in SCRATCH_ZPB1 to float at address A/Y
-		;    clobbers A, Y
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		jsr  FREADSA
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-uw2float	.proc
-		; -- convert uword in SCRATCH_ZPWORD1 to float at address A/Y
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		jsr  GIVUAYFAY
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-w2float		.proc
-		; -- convert word in SCRATCH_ZPWORD1 to float at address A/Y
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		jsr  GIVAYF
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-
-cast_from_uw	.proc
-		; -- uword in A/Y into float var at (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  GIVUAYFAY
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-
-cast_from_w	.proc
-		; -- word in A/Y into float var at (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  GIVAYFAY
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-
-cast_from_ub	.proc
-		; -- ubyte in Y into float var at (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FREADUY
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-
-cast_from_b	.proc
-		; -- byte in A into float var at (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FREADSA
-		jmp  ub2float._fac_to_mem
-		.pend
-
-cast_as_uw_into_ya	.proc               ; also used for float 2 ub
-		; -- cast float at A/Y to uword into Y/A
-		jsr  MOVFM
-		jmp  cast_FAC1_as_uw_into_ya
-		.pend
-
-cast_as_w_into_ay	.proc               ; also used for float 2 b
-		; -- cast float at A/Y to word into A/Y
-		jsr  MOVFM
-		jmp  cast_FAC1_as_w_into_ay
-		.pend
-
-cast_FAC1_as_uw_into_ya	.proc               ; also used for float 2 ub
-		; -- cast fac1 to uword into Y/A
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  GETADR     ; into Y/A
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-cast_FAC1_as_w_into_ay	.proc               ; also used for float 2 b
-		; -- cast fac1 to word into A/Y
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  AYINT
-		ldy  floats.AYINT_facmo
-		lda  floats.AYINT_facmo+1
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-
-stack_b2float	.proc
-		; -- b2float operating on the stack
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FREADSA
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-stack_w2float	.proc
-		; -- w2float operating on the stack
-		inx
-		ldy  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		lda  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  GIVAYF
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-stack_ub2float	.proc
-		; -- ub2float operating on the stack
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		tay
-		lda  #0
-		jsr  GIVAYF
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-stack_uw2float	.proc
-		; -- uw2float operating on the stack
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		ldy  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  GIVUAYFAY
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-stack_float2w	.proc               ; also used for float2b
-		jsr  pop_float_fac1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  AYINT
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		lda  floats.AYINT_facmo
-		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		lda  floats.AYINT_facmo+1
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		dex
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-stack_float2uw	.proc               ; also used for float2ub
-		jsr  pop_float_fac1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  GETADR
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		tya
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		dex
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-push_float	.proc
-		; ---- push mflpt5 in A/Y onto stack
-		; (taking 3 stack positions = 6 bytes of which 1 is padding)
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		ldy  #0
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		dex
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		dex
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		dex
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-pop_float	.proc
-		; ---- pops mflpt5 from stack to memory A/Y
-		; (frees 3 stack positions = 6 bytes of which 1 is padding)
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		ldy  #4
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		dey
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		dey
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		dey
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		dey
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-pop_float_fac1	.proc
-		; -- pops float from stack into FAC1
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  pop_float
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jmp  MOVFM
-		.pend
-
-copy_float	.proc
-		; -- copies the 5 bytes of the mflt value pointed to by SCRATCH_W1,
-		;    into the 5 bytes pointed to by A/Y.  Clobbers A,Y.
-		sta  _target+1
-		sty  _target+2
-		ldy  #4
-_loop		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-_target		sta  $ffff,y			; modified
-		dey
-		bpl  _loop
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-inc_var_f	.proc
-		; -- add 1 to float pointed to by A/Y
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  MOVFM
-		lda  #<FL_ONE_const
-		ldy  #>FL_ONE_const
-		jsr  FADD
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		jsr  MOVMF
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-dec_var_f	.proc
-		; -- subtract 1 from float pointed to by A/Y
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		lda  #<FL_ONE_const
-		ldy  #>FL_ONE_const
-		jsr  MOVFM
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		jsr  FSUB
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		jsr  MOVMF
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-
-pop_2_floats_f2_in_fac1	.proc
-		; -- pop 2 floats from stack, load the second one in FAC1 as well
-		lda  #<fmath_float2
-		ldy  #>fmath_float2
-		jsr  pop_float
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  pop_float
-		lda  #<fmath_float2
-		ldy  #>fmath_float2
-		jmp  MOVFM
-		.pend
-
-
-fmath_float1	.byte 0,0,0,0,0	; storage for a mflpt5 value
-fmath_float2	.byte 0,0,0,0,0	; storage for a mflpt5 value
-
-
-push_fac1	.proc
-		; -- push the float in FAC1 onto the stack
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-_internal	ldx  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  MOVMF
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jmp  push_float
-		.pend
-
-div_f		.proc
-		; -- push f1/f2 on stack
-		jsr  pop_2_floats_f2_in_fac1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  FDIV
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-add_f		.proc
-		; -- push f1+f2 on stack
-		jsr  pop_2_floats_f2_in_fac1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  FADD
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-sub_f		.proc
-		; -- push f1-f2 on stack
-		jsr  pop_2_floats_f2_in_fac1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  FSUB
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-mul_f		.proc
-		; -- push f1*f2 on stack
-		jsr  pop_2_floats_f2_in_fac1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  FMULT
-		jmp  push_fac1._internal
-		.pend
-
-neg_f		.proc
-		; -- toggle the sign bit on the stack
-		lda  P8ESTACK_HI+3,x
-		eor  #$80
-		sta  P8ESTACK_HI+3,x
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-var_fac1_less_f	.proc
-		; -- is the float in FAC1 < the variable AY?
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		cmp  #255
-		beq  +
-		lda  #0
-		rts
-+		lda  #1
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-var_fac1_lesseq_f	.proc
-		; -- is the float in FAC1 <= the variable AY?
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		cmp  #0
-		beq  +
-		cmp  #255
-		beq  +
-		lda  #0
-		rts
-+		lda  #1
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-var_fac1_greater_f	.proc
-		; -- is the float in FAC1 > the variable AY?
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		cmp  #1
-		beq  +
-		lda  #0
-		rts
-+		lda  #1
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-var_fac1_greatereq_f	.proc
-		; -- is the float in FAC1 >= the variable AY?
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		cmp  #0
-		beq  +
-		cmp  #1
-		beq  +
-		lda  #0
-		rts
-+		lda  #1
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-var_fac1_notequal_f	.proc
-		; -- are the floats numbers in FAC1 and the variable AY *not* identical?
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		and  #1
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-vars_equal_f	.proc
-		; -- are the mflpt5 numbers in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 and AY identical?
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		ldy  #0
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		cmp  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
-		bne  _false
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		cmp  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
-		bne  _false
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		cmp  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
-		bne  _false
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		cmp  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
-		bne  _false
-		iny
-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		cmp  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
-		bne  _false
-		lda  #1
-		rts
-_false		lda  #0
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-equal_f		.proc
-		; -- are the two mflpt5 numbers on the stack identical?
-		inx
-		inx
-		inx
-		inx
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO-3,x
-		cmp  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		bne  _equals_false
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO-2,x
-		cmp  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
-		bne  _equals_false
-		lda  P8ESTACK_LO-1,x
-		cmp  P8ESTACK_LO+2,x
-		bne  _equals_false
-		lda  P8ESTACK_HI-2,x
-		cmp  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
-		bne  _equals_false
-		lda  P8ESTACK_HI-1,x
-		cmp  P8ESTACK_HI+2,x
-		bne  _equals_false
-_equals_true	lda  #1
-_equals_store	inx
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
-		rts
-_equals_false	lda  #0
-		beq  _equals_store
-		.pend
-
-notequal_f	.proc
-		; -- are the two mflpt5 numbers on the stack different?
-		jsr  equal_f
-		eor  #1		; invert the result
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-vars_less_f	.proc
-		; -- is float in AY < float in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 ?
-		jsr  MOVFM
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		cmp  #255
-		bne  +
-		lda  #1
-		rts
-+		lda  #0
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-vars_lesseq_f	.proc
-		; -- is float in AY <= float in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 ?
-		jsr  MOVFM
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		cmp  #255
-		bne  +
--		lda  #1
-		rts
-+		cmp  #0
-		beq  -
-		lda  #0
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-less_f		.proc
-		; -- is f1 < f2?
-		jsr  compare_floats
-		cmp  #255
-		beq  compare_floats._return_true
-		bne  compare_floats._return_false
-		.pend
-
-
-lesseq_f	.proc
-		; -- is f1 <= f2?
-		jsr  compare_floats
-		cmp  #255
-		beq  compare_floats._return_true
-		cmp  #0
-		beq  compare_floats._return_true
-		bne  compare_floats._return_false
-		.pend
-
-greater_f	.proc
-		; -- is f1 > f2?
-		jsr  compare_floats
-		cmp  #1
-		beq  compare_floats._return_true
-		bne  compare_floats._return_false
-		.pend
-
-greatereq_f	.proc
-		; -- is f1 >= f2?
-		jsr  compare_floats
-		cmp  #1
-		beq  compare_floats._return_true
-		cmp  #0
-		beq  compare_floats._return_true
-		bne  compare_floats._return_false
-		.pend
-
-compare_floats	.proc
-		lda  #<fmath_float2
-		ldy  #>fmath_float2
-		jsr  pop_float
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  pop_float
-		lda  #<fmath_float1
-		ldy  #>fmath_float1
-		jsr  MOVFM		; fac1 = flt1
-		lda  #<fmath_float2
-		ldy  #>fmath_float2
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  FCOMP		; A = flt1 compared with flt2 (0=equal, 1=flt1>flt2, 255=flt1<flt2)
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-_return_false	lda  #0
-_return_result  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-		dex
-		rts
-_return_true	lda  #1
-		bne  _return_result
-		.pend
-
-set_array_float_from_fac1	.proc
-		; -- set the float in FAC1 in the array (index in A, array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1)
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		asl  a
-		asl  a
-		clc
-		adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-		clc
-		adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-		bcc  +
-		iny
-+		stx  floats_store_reg
-		tax
-		jsr  MOVMF
-		ldx  floats_store_reg
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-
-set_0_array_float	.proc
-		; -- set a float in an array to zero (index in A, array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1)
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		asl  a
-		asl  a
-		clc
-		adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		tay
-		lda  #0
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		iny
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		iny
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		iny
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		iny
-		sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-		rts
-		.pend
-
-
-set_array_float		.proc
-		; -- set a float in an array to a value (index in A, float in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1, array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		asl  a
-		asl  a
-		clc
-		adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-		bcc  +
-		iny
-+		jmp  copy_float
-			; -- copies the 5 bytes of the mflt value pointed to by SCRATCH_ZPWORD1,
-			;    into the 5 bytes pointed to by A/Y.  Clobbers A,Y.
-		.pend
-
-

compiler/res/prog8lib/c128/floats.p8

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-; Prog8 definitions for floating point handling on the Commodore 128
-
-%option enable_floats
-%import floats_functions
-
-floats {
-	; ---- this block contains C-128 compatible floating point related functions ----
-
-        const float  PI     = 3.141592653589793
-        const float  TWOPI  = 6.283185307179586
-
-
-; ---- ROM float functions ----
-
-		; note: the fac1 and fac2 are working registers and take 6 bytes each,
-		; floats in memory  (and rom) are stored in 5-byte MFLPT packed format.
-
-; note: fac1/2 might get clobbered even if not mentioned in the function's name.
-; note: for subtraction and division, the left operand is in fac2, the right operand in fac1.
-
-romsub $af00 = AYINT() clobbers(A,X,Y)          ; fac1-> signed word in 102-103 ($66-$67) MSB FIRST. (might throw ILLEGAL QUANTITY)
-
-; GIVAYF: signed word in Y/A (note different lsb/msb order) -> float in fac1
-; there is also floats.GIVUAYFAY - unsigned word in A/Y (lo/hi) to fac1
-; (tip: use GIVAYFAY to use A/Y input; lo/hi switched to normal order)
-romsub $af03 = GIVAYF(ubyte lo @ Y, ubyte hi @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)
-
-romsub $af06 = FOUT() clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY             ; fac1 -> string, address returned in AY
-; romsub $af09 = VAL_1() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; convert ASCII string to floating point [not yet implemented!!!]
-
-; fac1 -> unsigned word in Y/A (might throw ILLEGAL QUANTITY) (result also in $14/15)
-; (tip: use GETADRAY to get A/Y output; lo/hi switched to normal little endian order)
-romsub $af0c = GETADR() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A
-romsub $af0f = FLOATC() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; convert address to floating point
-
-romsub $af12 = FSUB(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = mflpt from A/Y - fac1
-romsub $af15 = FSUBT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2-fac1   mind the order of the operands         NOTE: use FSUBT2() instead!
-romsub $af18 = FADD(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 += mflpt value from A/Y
-romsub $af1b = FADDT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 += fac2      NOTE: use FADDT2() instead!
-romsub $af1e = FMULT(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; fac1 *= mflpt value from A/Y
-romsub $af21 = FMULTT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 *= fac2      NOTE: use FMULTT2() instead!
-romsub $af24 = FDIV(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = mflpt in A/Y / fac1
-romsub $af27 = FDIVT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2/fac1  mind the order of the operands  NOTE: use FDIVT2() instead!
-romsub $af2a = LOG() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = LN(fac1)  (natural log)
-romsub $af2d = INT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; INT() truncates, use FADDH first to round instead of trunc
-romsub $af30 = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
-romsub $af33 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1 (fac1 = -fac1)
-romsub $af36 = FPWR(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = fac2 ** float in A/Y
-romsub $af39 = FPWRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2 ** fac1           NOTE: use FPWRT2() instead!
-romsub $af3c = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
-romsub $af3f = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
-romsub $af42 = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)
-romsub $af45 = TAN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = TAN(fac1)
-romsub $af48 = ATN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ATN(fac1)
-romsub $af4b = ROUND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; round fac1
-romsub $af4e = ABS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
-romsub $af51 = SIGN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A            ; SIGN(fac1) to A, $ff, $0, $1 for negative, zero, positive
-romsub $af54 = FCOMP(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; A = compare fac1 to mflpt in A/Y, 0=equal 1=fac1 is greater, 255=fac1 is less than
-romsub $af57 = RND_0() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
-romsub $af57 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; alias for RND_0
-romsub $af5a = CONUPK(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)     ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac2
-romsub $af5d = ROMUPK(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)     ; load mflpt value from memory in current bank in A/Y into fac2
-romsub $af60 = MOVFRM(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)     ; load mflpt value from memory in A/Y into fac1  (use MOVFM instead)
-romsub $af63 = MOVFM(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac1
-romsub $af66 = MOVMF(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; store fac1 to memory  X/Y as 5-byte mflpt
-romsub $af69 = MOVFA() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac2 to fac1
-romsub $af6c = MOVAF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2  (rounded)
-
-; X16 additions TODO so.... not on c128 !?
-romsub $af6f = FADDH() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 += 0.5, for rounding- call this before INT
-romsub $af72 = FADDT2() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 += fac2
-romsub $af75 = ZEROFC() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 = 0
-romsub $af78 = NORMAL() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; normalize fac1 (?)
-romsub $af7b = NEGFAC() clobbers(A)                         ; switch the sign of fac1 (fac1 = -fac1) (juse use NEGOP() instead!)
-romsub $af7e = FMULTT2() clobbers(A,X,Y)                    ; fac1 *= fac2
-romsub $af81 = MUL10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 *= 10
-romsub $af84 = DIV10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 /= 10 , CAUTION: result is always positive!
-romsub $af87 = FDIVT2() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 = fac2/fac1  mind the order of the operands
-romsub $af8a = MOVEF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
-romsub $af8d = SGN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SGN(fac1), result of SIGN (-1, 0 or 1)
-romsub $af90 = FLOAT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; FAC = (s8).A
-romsub $af93 = FLOATS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; FAC = (s16)facho+1:facho
-romsub $af9C = QINT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; facho:facho+1:facho+2:facho+3 = u32(FAC)
-romsub $af9f = FINLOG(byte value @A) clobbers (A, X, Y)     ; fac1 += signed byte in A
-romsub $afa5 = FPWRT2() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 = fac2 ** fac1
-
-asmsub  FREADSA  (byte value @A) clobbers(A,X,Y) {
-    ; ---- 8 bit signed A -> float in fac1
-    %asm {{
-        tay
-        bpl  +
-        lda  #$ff
-        jmp  GIVAYF
-+       lda  #0
-        jmp  GIVAYF
-    }}
-}
-
-asmsub  GIVUAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
-	; ---- unsigned 16 bit word in A/Y (lo/hi) to fac1
-	%asm {{
-	phx
-	sty  $64        ; facmo
-	sta  $65        ; facmo+1
-	ldx  #$90
-	sec
-	jsr  FLOATC
-	plx
-	rts
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  GIVAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
-	; ---- signed 16 bit word in A/Y (lo/hi) to float in fac1
-	%asm {{
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		tya
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		jmp  GIVAYF		; this uses the inverse order, Y/A
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  GETADRAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
-	; ---- fac1 to unsigned word in A/Y
-	%asm {{
-		jsr  GETADR		; this uses the inverse order, Y/A
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		tya
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		rts
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  FREADUY (ubyte value @Y) {
-    ; -- 8 bit unsigned Y -> float in fac1
-    %asm {{
-        lda  #0
-        jmp  GIVAYF
-    }}
-}
-
-&uword AYINT_facmo = $66      ; $66/$67 contain result of AYINT
-
-sub rndf() -> float {
-    %asm {{
-        stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-        lda  #1
-        jsr  RND_0
-        ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-        rts
-    }}
-}
-
-
-%asminclude "library:c128/floats.asm"
-%asminclude "library:c64/floats_funcs.asm"
-
-}

compiler/res/prog8lib/c128/syslib.p8

@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ c64 {
         &ubyte  TIME_LO         = $a2       ;    .. lo byte. Updated by IRQ every 1/60 sec
         &ubyte  STATUS          = $90       ; kernal status variable for I/O
         &ubyte  STKEY           = $91       ; various keyboard statuses (updated by IRQ)
-        ;;&ubyte  SFDX            = $cb       ; current key pressed (matrix value) (updated by IRQ)     // TODO c128 ??
-
-        &ubyte  COLOR           = $00f1     ; cursor color
-        ;;&ubyte  HIBASE          = $0288     ; screen base address / 256 (hi-byte of screen memory address)        // TODO c128 ??
+        &ubyte  SHFLAG          = $d3       ; various modifier key status (updated by IRQ)
+        &ubyte  SFDX            = $d4       ; current key pressed (matrix value) (updated by IRQ)
+        &ubyte  COLOR           = $f1       ; cursor color
 
         &uword  IERROR          = $0300
         &uword  IMAIN           = $0302
@@ -311,7 +310,7 @@ asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	        sta  _modified+1
 	        sty  _modified+2
 	        lda  #0
-	        adc  #0
+	        rol  a
 	        sta  _use_kernal
 		sei
 		lda  #<_irq_handler
@@ -405,7 +404,7 @@ asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword handler @AY, uword rasterpos @R0, ubyte useKernal @P
 	        sta  _modified+1
 	        sty  _modified+2
 	        lda  #0
-	        adc  #0
+	        rol  a
 	        sta  set_irq._use_kernal
 		lda  cx16.r0
 		ldy  cx16.r0+1
@@ -480,10 +479,8 @@ asmsub  init_system()  {
     %asm {{
         sei
         cld
-        ;;lda  #%00101111                     ; TODO c128 ram and rom bank selection how?
-        ;;sta  $00
-        ;;lda  #%00100111
-        ;;sta  $01
+        lda  #0
+        sta  $ff00      ; select default bank 15
         jsr  c64.IOINIT
         jsr  c64.RESTOR
         jsr  c64.CINT
@@ -549,8 +546,8 @@ sys {
         ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
         %asm {{
             sei
-            ;lda  #14
-            ;sta  $01        ; bank the kernal in       TODO c128 how to do this?
+            lda  #0
+            sta  $ff00      ; default bank 15
             jmp  (c64.RESET_VEC)
         }}
     }
@@ -731,8 +728,8 @@ _longcopy
     inline asmsub exit(ubyte returnvalue @A) {
         ; -- immediately exit the program with a return code in the A register
         %asm {{
-            ;lda  #14
-            ;sta  $01        ; bank the kernal in       TODO c128 how to do this?
+            lda  #0
+            sta  $ff00          ; default bank 15
             jsr  c64.CLRCHN		; reset i/o channels
             jsr  c64.enable_runstop_and_charsetswitch
             ldx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/syslib.p8

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ c64 {
         &ubyte  STATUS          = $90       ; kernal status variable for I/O
         &ubyte  STKEY           = $91       ; various keyboard statuses (updated by IRQ)
         &ubyte  SFDX            = $cb       ; current key pressed (matrix value) (updated by IRQ)
+        &ubyte  SHFLAG          = $028d     ; various modifier key status (updated by IRQ)
 
         &ubyte  COLOR           = $0286     ; cursor color
         &ubyte  HIBASE          = $0288     ; screen base address / 256 (hi-byte of screen memory address)
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	        sta  _modified+1
 	        sty  _modified+2
 	        lda  #0
-	        adc  #0
+	        rol  a
 	        sta  _use_kernal
 		sei
 		lda  #<_irq_handler
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword handler @AY, uword rasterpos @R0, ubyte useKernal @P
 	        sta  _modified+1
 	        sty  _modified+2
 	        lda  #0
-	        adc  #0
+	        rol  a
 	        sta  set_irq._use_kernal
 		lda  cx16.r0
 		ldy  cx16.r0+1

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/floats.p8

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 floats {
 	; ---- this block contains C-64 compatible floating point related functions ----
-	;      the addresses are from cx16 V39 emulator and roms! they won't work on older versions.
 
         const float  PI     = 3.141592653589793
         const float  TWOPI  = 6.283185307179586

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/psg.p8

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ psg {
         ;    waveform = one of PULSE,SAWTOOTH,TRIANGLE,NOISE.
         ;    pulsewidth = 0-63.  Specifies the pulse width for waveform=PULSE.
         envelope_states[voice_num] = 255
+        %asm {{
+            php
+            sei
+        }}
         cx16.r0 = $f9c2 + voice_num * 4
         cx16.VERA_CTRL = 0
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_L = lsb(cx16.r0)
@@ -32,6 +36,9 @@ psg {
         cx16.VERA_DATA0 = waveform | pulsewidth
         envelope_volumes[voice_num] = mkword(volume, 0)
         envelope_maxvolumes[voice_num] = volume
+        %asm {{
+            plp
+        }}
     }
 
 ;    sub freq_hz(ubyte voice_num, float hertz) {
@@ -44,48 +51,55 @@ psg {
     sub freq(ubyte voice_num, uword vera_freq) {
         ; -- Changes the frequency of the voice's sound.
         ;    voice_num = 0-15,  vera_freq = 0-65535  calculate this via the formula given in the Vera's PSG documentation.
-        ;    (https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-docs/blob/master/VERA%20Programmer's%20Reference.md)
-        cx16.r0 = $f9c0 + voice_num * 4
+        ;    (https://github.com/x16community/x16-docs/blob/master/VERA%20Programmer's%20Reference.md)
+        ;    Write freq MSB first and then LSB to reduce the chance on clicks
+        %asm {{
+            php
+            sei
+        }}
+        cx16.r0 = $f9c1 + voice_num * 4
         cx16.VERA_CTRL = 0
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_L = lsb(cx16.r0)
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_M = msb(cx16.r0)
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = 1
-        cx16.VERA_DATA0 = lsb(vera_freq)
-        cx16.VERA_ADDR_L++
         cx16.VERA_DATA0 = msb(vera_freq)
+        cx16.VERA_ADDR_L--
+        cx16.VERA_DATA0 = lsb(vera_freq)
+        %asm {{
+            plp
+        }}
     }
 
     sub volume(ubyte voice_num, ubyte vol) {
         ; -- Modifies the volume of this voice.
         ;    voice_num = 0-15, vol = 0-63 where 0=silent, 63=loudest.
-        cx16.r0 = $f9c2 + voice_num * 4
-        cx16.vpoke(1, cx16.r0, cx16.vpeek(1, cx16.r0) & %11000000 | vol)
         envelope_volumes[voice_num] = mkword(vol, 0)
+        cx16.vpoke_mask(1, $f9c2 + voice_num * 4, %11000000, vol)
         envelope_maxvolumes[voice_num] = vol
     }
 
     sub pulse_width(ubyte voice_num, ubyte pw) {
         ; -- Modifies the pulse width of this voice (when waveform=PULSE)
         ;    voice_num = 0-15, pw = 0-63  where 0=narrow, 63=50%cycle so square wave.
-        cx16.r0 = $f9c3 + voice_num * 4
-        cx16.vpoke(1, cx16.r0, cx16.vpeek(1, cx16.r0) & %11000000 | pw)
+        cx16.vpoke_mask(1, $f9c3 + voice_num * 4, %11000000, pw)
     }
 
     sub envelope(ubyte voice_num, ubyte maxvolume, ubyte attack, ubyte sustain, ubyte release) {
         ; -- Enables AttackSustainRelease volume envelope for a voice.
         ;    Note: this requires setting up envelopes_irq() as well, read its description.
         ;    voice_num = 0-15   maxvolume = 0-63
-        ;    attack, sustain, release = 0-255 that determine the speed of the A/D/R.
-        ;    TODO describe how the speeds are calculated. For now, experiment. Higher values means *slower* enveloping.
+        ;    attack, sustain, release = 0-255 that determine the speed of the A/D/R:
+        ;    attack time:    MAXVOL/15/attack  seconds.    higher value = faster attack.
+        ;    sustain time:   sustain/60 seconds    higher sustain value = longer sustain (!).
+        ;    release time:   MAXVOL/15/release seconds.   higher vaule = faster release.
+
         envelope_states[voice_num] = 255
         envelope_attacks[voice_num] = attack
         envelope_sustains[voice_num] = sustain
         envelope_releases[voice_num] = release
-        if attack
-            attack = 0
-        else
-            attack = maxvolume     ; max volume when no attack is set
-        envelope_volumes[voice_num] = mkword(attack, 0)
+        cx16.r0 = mkword(maxvolume, 0)
+        if cx16.r0<envelope_volumes[voice_num]
+            envelope_volumes[voice_num] = cx16.r0
         envelope_maxvolumes[voice_num] = maxvolume
         envelope_states[voice_num] = 0
     }
@@ -94,7 +108,6 @@ psg {
         ; -- Shut down all PSG voices.
         for cx16.r1L in 0 to 15 {
             envelope_states[cx16.r1L] = 255
-            envelope_volumes[cx16.r1L] = 0
             volume(cx16.r1L, 0)
         }
     }
@@ -104,11 +117,11 @@ psg {
         ; you have to call this routine every 1/60th second, for example from your vsync irq handler,
         ; or just install this routine as the only irq handler if you don't have to do other things there.
         ; Example: cx16.set_irq(&psg.envelopes_irq, true)
+        ; NOTE: this routine calls save/restore_vera_context() for you, don't nest this or call it yourself!
 
         ; cx16.r0 = the volume word (volume scaled by 256)
         ; cx16.r1L = the voice number
         ; cx16.r2L = attack value
-
         pushw(cx16.r0)
         push(cx16.r1L)
         push(cx16.r2L)
@@ -148,7 +161,7 @@ psg {
         }
 
         ; set new volumes of all 16 voices, using vera stride of 4
-        cx16.push_vera_context()
+        cx16.save_vera_context()
         cx16.VERA_CTRL = 0
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_L = $c2
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_M = $f9
@@ -160,7 +173,7 @@ psg {
         for cx16.r1L in 0 to 15 {
             cx16.VERA_DATA0 = cx16.VERA_DATA1 & %11000000 | msb(envelope_volumes[cx16.r1L])
         }
-        cx16.pop_vera_context()
+        cx16.restore_vera_context()
         popw(cx16.r9)
         pop(cx16.r2L)
         pop(cx16.r1L)

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/syslib.p8

@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
     ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits in AY for convenience
     %asm {{
         phx
+        php
+        sei
         jsr  c64.RDTIM
+        plp
         pha
         txa
         tay
@@ -604,39 +607,24 @@ asmsub vpoke_xor(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers (A)
     }}
 }
 
-
-sub FB_set_pixels_from_buf(uword buffer, uword count) {
+asmsub vpoke_mask(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte mask @X, ubyte value @Y) clobbers (A) {
+    ; -- bitwise or a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    after applying the and-mask. Note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
     %asm {{
-            ; -- This is replacement code for the normal FB_set_pixels subroutine in ROM
-            ;    However that routine contains a bug in the current v38 ROM that makes it crash when count > 255.
-            ;    So the code below replaces that. Once the ROM is patched this routine is no longer necessary.
-            ;    See https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-rom/issues/179
-            phx
-            lda  buffer
-            ldy  buffer+1
-            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-            jsr  _pixels
-            plx
-            rts
-
-_pixels     lda  count+1
-            beq  +
-            ldx  #0
--           jsr  _loop
-            inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-            dec  count+1
-            bne  -
-
-+           ldx  count
-_loop       ldy  #0
--           lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            iny
-            dex
-            bne  -
-            rts
-        }}
+        sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        txa
+        and  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 ; ---- system stuff -----
@@ -712,7 +700,7 @@ asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	        sta  _modified+1
 	        sty  _modified+2
 	        lda  #0
-	        adc  #0
+	        rol  a
 	        sta  _use_kernal
 		sei
 		lda  #<_irq_handler
@@ -786,7 +774,7 @@ IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	.word  0
 		}}
 }
 
-asmsub push_vera_context() clobbers(A) {
+asmsub save_vera_context() clobbers(A) {
     ; -- use this at the start of your IRQ handler if it uses Vera registers, to save the state
     %asm {{
         ; note cannot store this on cpu hardware stack because this gets called as a subroutine
@@ -799,6 +787,7 @@ asmsub push_vera_context() clobbers(A) {
         lda  cx16.VERA_CTRL
         sta  _vera_storage+3
         eor  #1
+        sta  _vera_storage+7
         sta  cx16.VERA_CTRL
         lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
         sta  _vera_storage+4
@@ -806,31 +795,29 @@ asmsub push_vera_context() clobbers(A) {
         sta  _vera_storage+5
         lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
         sta  _vera_storage+6
-        lda  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-        sta  _vera_storage+7
         rts
 _vera_storage:  .byte 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
     }}
 }
 
-asmsub pop_vera_context() clobbers(A) {
+asmsub restore_vera_context() clobbers(A) {
     ; -- use this at the end of your IRQ handler if it uses Vera registers, to restore the state
     %asm {{
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+7
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+7
         sta  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+6
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+6
         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+5
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+5
         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+4
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+4
         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+3
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+3
         sta  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+2
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+2
         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+1
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+1
         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.push_vera_context._vera_storage+0
+        lda  cx16.save_vera_context._vera_storage+0
         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
         rts
     }}
@@ -917,16 +904,31 @@ sys {
 
     asmsub reset_system() {
         ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
+        ; We do this via the SMC so that a true reset is performed that also resets the Vera fully.
         %asm {{
             sei
-            stz  $01                        ; bank the kernal in
-            jmp  (cx16.RESET_VEC)
+            ldx #$42
+            ldy #1
+            tya
+            jsr  cx16.i2c_write_byte
+            bra  *
         }}
     }
 
+    sub poweroff_system() {
+        ; use the SMC to shutdown the computer
+        void cx16.i2c_write_byte($42, $01, $00)
+    }
+
+    sub set_leds_brightness(ubyte activity, ubyte power) {
+        void cx16.i2c_write_byte($42, $04, power)
+        void cx16.i2c_write_byte($42, $05, activity)
+    }
+
     asmsub wait(uword jiffies @AY) {
         ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds) (N or N+1)
         ;     note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
+        ;     note: this routine cannot be used from inside a irq handler
         %asm {{
             phx
             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -938,9 +940,13 @@ _loop       lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
             plx
             rts
 
-+           jsr  c64.RDTIM
++           sei
+            jsr  c64.RDTIM
+            cli
             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
--           jsr  c64.RDTIM
+-           sei
+            jsr  c64.RDTIM
+            cli
             cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
             beq  -
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/string.p8

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ str = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
 	sta  modify_pattern2+2
 	jsr  _match
 	lda  #0
-	adc  #0
+	rol  a
 	ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 	rts
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/virtual/conv.p8

@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ sub  str2uword(str string) -> uword {
     ;    the number may NOT be preceded by a + sign and may NOT contain spaces
     ;    (any non-digit character will terminate the number string that is parsed)
     %ir {{
-        loadm.w r65500,conv.str2uword.string
-        syscall 11
-        returnreg.w r0
+        loadm.w r65535,conv.str2uword.string
+        syscall 11 (r65535.w) : r0.w
+        returnr.w r0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ sub  str2word(str string) -> word {
     ;    the number may be preceded by a + or - sign but may NOT contain spaces
     ;    (any non-digit character will terminate the number string that is parsed)
     %ir {{
-        loadm.w r65500,conv.str2word.string
-        syscall 12
-        returnreg.w r0
+        loadm.w r65535,conv.str2word.string
+        syscall 12 (r65535.w) : r0.w
+        returnr.w r0
     }}
 }
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/virtual/floats.p8

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ floats {
 sub print_f(float value) {
     ; ---- prints the floating point value (without a newline).
     %ir {{
-        loadm.f fr65500,floats.print_f.value
-        syscall 25
+        loadm.f fr65535,floats.print_f.value
+        syscall 25 (fr65535.f)
         return
     }}
 }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ sub pow(float value, float power) -> float {
         loadm.f fr0,floats.pow.value
         loadm.f fr1,floats.pow.power
         fpow.f fr0,fr1
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ sub fabs(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.fabs.value
         fabs.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ sub sin(float angle) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.sin.angle
         fsin.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ sub cos(float angle) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.cos.angle
         fcos.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ sub tan(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.tan.value
         ftan.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ sub atan(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.atan.value
         fatan.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ sub ln(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.ln.value
         fln.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ sub log2(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.log2.value
         flog.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ sub sqrt(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.sqrt.value
         sqrt.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ sub round(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.round.value
         fround.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ sub floor(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.floor.value
         ffloor.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
@@ -120,21 +120,22 @@ sub ceil(float value) -> float {
     %ir {{
         loadm.f fr0,floats.ceil.value
         fceil.f fr0,fr0
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
 sub rndf() -> float {
     %ir {{
-        syscall 35
-        returnreg.f fr0
+        syscall 35 () : fr0.f
+        returnr.f fr0
     }}
 }
 
 sub rndseedf(float seed) {
     %ir {{
-        loadm.f  fr65500,floats.rndseedf.seed
-        syscall 32
+        loadm.f  fr65535,floats.rndseedf.seed
+        syscall 32 (fr65535.f)
+        return
     }}
 }
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/virtual/math.p8

@@ -161,24 +161,24 @@ math {
 
     sub rnd() -> ubyte {
         %ir {{
-            syscall 33
-            returnreg.b r0
+            syscall 33 (): r0.b
+            returnr.b r0
         }}
     }
 
     sub rndw() -> uword {
         %ir {{
-            syscall 34
-            returnreg.w r0
+            syscall 34 (): r0.w
+            returnr.w r0
         }}
     }
 
     sub rndseed(uword seed1, uword seed2) {
         ; -- reset the pseudo RNG's seed values. Defaults are: $a55a, $7653.
         %ir {{
-            loadm.w r65500,math.rndseed.seed1
-            loadm.w r65501,math.rndseed.seed2
-            syscall 31
+            loadm.w r65534,math.rndseed.seed1
+            loadm.w r65535,math.rndseed.seed2
+            syscall 31 (r65534.w, r65535.w)
             return
         }}
     }

compiler/res/prog8lib/virtual/string.p8

@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ string {
         ; Note that you can also directly compare strings and string values with eachother using
         ; comparison operators ==, < etcetera (it will use strcmp for you under water automatically).
         %ir {{
-            loadm.w r65500,string.compare.st1
-            loadm.w r65501,string.compare.st2
-            syscall 29
-            returnreg.b r0
+            loadm.w r65534,string.compare.st1
+            loadm.w r65535,string.compare.st2
+            syscall 29 (r65534.w, r65535.w) : r0.b
+            returnr.b r0
         }}
     }
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/virtual/syslib.p8

@@ -8,22 +8,22 @@ sys {
     sub  reset_system()  {
         ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
         %ir {{
-            syscall 0
+            syscall 0 ()
         }}
     }
 
     sub wait(uword jiffies) {
         ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
         %ir {{
-            loadm.w r65500,sys.wait.jiffies
-            syscall 13
+            loadm.w r65535,sys.wait.jiffies
+            syscall 13 (r65535.w)
         }}
     }
 
     sub waitvsync() {
         ; --- busy wait till the next vsync has occurred (approximately), without depending on custom irq handling.
         %ir {{
-            syscall 14
+            syscall 14()
         }}
     }
 
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ sys {
     sub exit(ubyte returnvalue) {
         ; -- immediately exit the program with a return code in the A register
         %ir {{
-            loadm.b r65500,sys.exit.returnvalue
-            syscall 1
+            loadm.b r65535,sys.exit.returnvalue
+            syscall 1 (r65535.b)
         }}
     }
 
@@ -82,33 +82,33 @@ sys {
 
     sub gfx_enable(ubyte mode) {
         %ir {{
-            loadm.b r65500,sys.gfx_enable.mode
-            syscall 8
+            loadm.b r65535,sys.gfx_enable.mode
+            syscall 8 (r65535.b)
         }}
     }
 
     sub gfx_clear(ubyte color) {
         %ir {{
-            loadm.b r65500,sys.gfx_clear.color
-            syscall 9
+            loadm.b r65535,sys.gfx_clear.color
+            syscall 9 (r65535.b)
         }}
     }
 
     sub gfx_plot(uword xx, uword yy, ubyte color) {
         %ir {{
-            loadm.w r65500,sys.gfx_plot.xx
-            loadm.w r65501,sys.gfx_plot.yy
-            loadm.b r65502,sys.gfx_plot.color
-            syscall 10
+            loadm.w r65533,sys.gfx_plot.xx
+            loadm.w r65534,sys.gfx_plot.yy
+            loadm.b r65535,sys.gfx_plot.color
+            syscall 10 (r65533.w, r65534.w, r65535.b)
         }}
     }
 
     sub gfx_getpixel(uword xx, uword yy) -> ubyte {
         %ir {{
-            loadm.w r65500,sys.gfx_getpixel.xx
-            loadm.w r65501,sys.gfx_getpixel.yy
-            syscall 30
-            returnreg.b r0
+            loadm.w r65534,sys.gfx_getpixel.xx
+            loadm.w r65535,sys.gfx_getpixel.yy
+            syscall 30 (r65534.w, r65535.w): r0.b
+            returnr.b r0
         }}
     }
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/virtual/textio.p8

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ sub height() -> ubyte {
 sub  clear_screen() {
     str @shared sequence = "\x1b[2J\x1B[H"
     %ir {{
-        load.w r65500,txt.clear_screen.sequence
-        syscall 3
+        load.w r65535,txt.clear_screen.sequence
+        syscall 3 (r65535.w)
     }}
 }
 
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ sub uppercase() {
 
 sub chrout(ubyte char) {
     %ir {{
-        loadm.b r65500,txt.chrout.char
-        syscall 2
+        loadm.b r65535,txt.chrout.char
+        syscall 2 (r65535.b)
     }}
 }
 
 sub  print (str text) {
     %ir {{
-        loadm.w r65500,txt.print.text
-        syscall 3
+        loadm.w r65535,txt.print.text
+        syscall 3 (r65535.w)
     }}
 }
 
@@ -122,9 +122,10 @@ sub  input_chars  (uword buffer) -> ubyte  {
     ; ---- Input a string (max. 80 chars) from the keyboard. Returns length of input. (string is terminated with a 0 byte as well)
     ;      It assumes the keyboard is selected as I/O channel!
     %ir {{
-        loadm.w r65500,txt.input_chars.buffer
-        syscall 6
-        returnreg.b r0
+        loadm.w r65534,txt.input_chars.buffer
+        load.b r65535,80
+        syscall 6 (r65534.w, r65535.b): r0.b
+        returnr.b r0
     }}
 }
 

compiler/res/version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-8.11
+8.14

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Compiler.kt

@@ -258,8 +258,9 @@ fun parseMainModule(filepath: Path,
     for(lib in compTarget.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, compTarget.name))
         importer.importImplicitLibraryModule(lib)
 
-    // always import prog8_lib and math
-    importer.importImplicitLibraryModule("math")
+    if(compilerOptions.compTarget.name!=VMTarget.NAME && !compilerOptions.experimentalCodegen) {
+        importer.importImplicitLibraryModule("math")
+    }
     importer.importImplicitLibraryModule("prog8_lib")
 
     if (compilerOptions.launcher == CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ModuleImporter.kt

@@ -106,13 +106,18 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
         removeDirectivesFromImportedModule(importedModule)
 
         // modules can contain blocks with "merge" option.
-        // their content has to be merged into already existing block with the same name.
+        // their content has to be merged into already existing other block with the same name.
         val blocks = importedModule.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>()
         for(block in blocks) {
             if("merge" in block.options()) {
-                val existingBlock = program.allBlocks.first { it.name==block.name}
-                existingBlock.statements.addAll(block.statements.filter { it !is Directive})
-                importedModule.statements.remove(block)
+                val existingBlock = program.allBlocks.firstOrNull { it.name==block.name && it !== block}
+                if(existingBlock!=null) {
+                    existingBlock.statements.addAll(block.statements.filter { it !is Directive })
+                    importedModule.statements.remove(block)
+                } else {
+                    val merges = block.statements.filter { it is Directive && it.directive=="%option" && it.args.any { a->a.name=="merge" } }
+                    block.statements.removeAll(merges)
+                }
             }
         }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstChecker.kt

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.code.ast.PtIdentifier
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
 import prog8.compiler.builtinFunctionReturnType
@@ -327,8 +326,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             err("subroutines can only be defined in the scope of a block or within another subroutine")
 
         if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            if(compilerOptions.compTarget.name==VMTarget.NAME)
-                err("cannot use asmsub for vm target, use regular subs")
             if(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.size != subroutine.parameters.size)
                 err("number of asm parameter registers is not the isSameAs as number of parameters")
             if(subroutine.asmReturnvaluesRegisters.size != subroutine.returntypes.size)
@@ -483,7 +480,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         errors.err("target datatype is unknown", assignment.target.position)
                     // otherwise, another error about missing symbol is already reported.
                 } else {
-                    errors.err("type of value $valueDt doesn't match target $targetDt", assignment.value.position)
+                    // allow bitwise operations on different types as long as the size is the same
+                    if (!((assignment.value as? BinaryExpression)?.operator in BitwiseOperators && targetDt.isBytes && valueDt.isBytes || targetDt.isWords && valueDt.isWords))
+                        errors.err("type of value $valueDt doesn't match target $targetDt", assignment.value.position)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -961,11 +960,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        if(expr.operator in ComparisonOperators) {
-            if(leftDt!=rightDt && !(leftDt in ByteDatatypes && rightDt in ByteDatatypes)) {
-                throw FatalAstException("got comparison with different operand types: $leftDt ${expr.operator} $rightDt  ${expr.position}")
-            }
-        } else  {
+        if(expr.operator !in ComparisonOperators) {
             if (leftDt == DataType.STR && rightDt == DataType.STR || leftDt in ArrayDatatypes && rightDt in ArrayDatatypes) {
                 // str+str  and  str*number have already been const evaluated before we get here.
                 errors.err("no computational or logical expressions with strings or arrays are possible", expr.position)
@@ -1321,14 +1316,15 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val whenStmt = whenChoice.parent as When
         if(whenChoice.values!=null) {
             val conditionType = whenStmt.condition.inferType(program)
-            if(!conditionType.isKnown)
-                throw FatalAstException("can't determine when choice datatype $whenChoice")
             val constvalues = whenChoice.values!!.map { it.constValue(program) }
             for(constvalue in constvalues) {
                 when {
                     constvalue == null -> errors.err("choice value must be a constant", whenChoice.position)
                     constvalue.type !in IntegerDatatypes -> errors.err("choice value must be a byte or word", whenChoice.position)
-                    conditionType isnot constvalue.type -> errors.err("choice value datatype differs from condition value", whenChoice.position)
+                    conditionType isnot constvalue.type -> {
+                        if(conditionType.isKnown)
+                            errors.err("choice value datatype differs from condition value", whenChoice.position)
+                    }
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -1613,8 +1609,11 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         else if(sourceDatatype== DataType.FLOAT && targetDatatype in IntegerDatatypes)
             errors.err("cannot assign float to ${targetDatatype.name.lowercase()}; possible loss of precision. Suggestion: round the value or revert to integer arithmetic", position)
         else {
-            if(targetDatatype!=DataType.UWORD && sourceDatatype !in PassByReferenceDatatypes)
-                errors.err("type of value $sourceDatatype doesn't match target $targetDatatype", position)
+            if(targetDatatype!=DataType.UWORD && sourceDatatype !in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                // allow bitwise operations on different types as long as the size is the same
+                if (!((sourceValue as? BinaryExpression)?.operator in BitwiseOperators && targetDatatype.equalsSize(sourceDatatype)))
+                    errors.err("type of value $sourceDatatype doesn't match target $targetDatatype", position)
+            }
         }
 
         return false

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/BeforeAsmAstChanger.kt

@@ -93,6 +93,11 @@ internal class BeforeAsmAstChanger(val program: Program,
                             )
                         }
                     } else {
+                        if(binExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target)
+                            return noModifications
+                        val typeCast = binExpr.left as? TypecastExpression
+                        if(typeCast!=null && typeCast.expression isSameAs assignment.target)
+                            return noModifications
                         val sourceDt = binExpr.left.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
                         val (_, left) = binExpr.left.typecastTo(assignment.target.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError(
                             "unknown dt"
@@ -229,13 +234,13 @@ internal class BeforeAsmAstChanger(val program: Program,
 
     override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
 
-        val containingStatement = getContainingStatement(arrayIndexedExpression)
-        if(getComplexArrayIndexedExpressions(containingStatement).size > 1) {
-            errors.err("it's not possible to use more than one complex array indexing expression in a single statement; break it up via a temporary variable for instance", containingStatement.position)
-            return noModifications
-        }
+        if(options.compTarget.name!=VMTarget.NAME) {    // don't apply this optimization/check for Vm target
+            val containingStatement = getContainingStatement(arrayIndexedExpression)
+            if(getComplexArrayIndexedExpressions(containingStatement).size > 1) {
+                errors.err("it's not possible to use more than one complex array indexing expression in a single statement; break it up via a temporary variable for instance", containingStatement.position)
+                return noModifications
+            }
 
-        if(options.compTarget.name!=VMTarget.NAME) {    // don't apply this optimization for Vm target
             val index = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr
             if (index !is NumericLiteral && index !is IdentifierReference) {
                 // replace complex indexing expression with a temp variable to hold the computed index first

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/CodeDesugarer.kt

@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ _after:
         val indexExpr = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr
         val indexerDt = indexExpr.inferType(program)
         if(indexerDt.isWords) {
-            val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-            if(arrayVar.datatype==DataType.UWORD) {
+            val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
+            if(arrayVar!=null && arrayVar.datatype==DataType.UWORD) {
                 val add: Expression =
                     if(indexExpr.constValue(program)?.number==0.0)
                         arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.copy()

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/IntermediateAstMaker.kt

@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(private val program: Program, private val options: Co
                     "align_word" -> alignment = PtBlock.BlockAlignment.WORD
                     "align_page" -> alignment = PtBlock.BlockAlignment.PAGE
                     "force_output" -> forceOutput=true
+                    "merge" -> { /* ignore this one */ }
                     else -> throw FatalAstException("weird directive option: ${arg.name}")
                 }
             }
@@ -355,9 +356,9 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(private val program: Program, private val options: Co
             for (asm in srcSub.statements) {
                 asm as InlineAssembly
                 if(asm.isIR)
-                    combinedIrAsm += asm.assembly + "\n"
+                    combinedIrAsm += asm.assembly.trimEnd() + "\n"
                 else
-                    combinedTrueAsm += asm.assembly + "\n"
+                    combinedTrueAsm += asm.assembly.trimEnd() + "\n"
             }
 
             if(combinedTrueAsm.isNotEmpty()) {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/TypecastsAdder.kt

@@ -133,9 +133,16 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val options: CompilationOptions, val
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
                     }
                     if(leftDt istype DataType.WORD && rightDt.oneOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)) {
-                        // cast left to unsigned
-                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, rightDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), true, expr.left.position)
-                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                        // cast left to unsigned word. Cast right to unsigned word if it is ubyte
+                        val mods = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, DataType.UWORD, true, expr.left.position)
+                        mods += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr)
+                        if(rightDt istype DataType.UBYTE) {
+                            mods += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right,
+                                TypecastExpression(expr.right, DataType.UWORD, true, expr.right.position),
+                                expr)
+                        }
+                        return mods
                     }
                     if(rightDt istype DataType.BYTE && leftDt.oneOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)) {
                         // cast right to unsigned
@@ -143,9 +150,16 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val options: CompilationOptions, val
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, cast, expr))
                     }
                     if(rightDt istype DataType.WORD && leftDt.oneOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)) {
-                        // cast right to unsigned
-                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.right, leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), true, expr.right.position)
-                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, cast, expr))
+                        // cast right to unsigned word. Cast left to unsigned word if it is ubyte
+                        val mods = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.right, DataType.UWORD, true, expr.right.position)
+                        mods += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, cast, expr)
+                        if(leftDt istype DataType.UBYTE) {
+                            mods += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left,
+                                TypecastExpression(expr.left, DataType.UWORD, true, expr.left.position),
+                                expr)
+                        }
+                        return mods
                     }
                 }
 

compiler/test/TestLaunchEmu.kt

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class TestLaunchEmu: FunSpec({
 <INITGLOBALS>
 </INITGLOBALS>
 
-<BLOCK NAME="main" ADDRESS="" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[unittest: line 42 col 1-9]">
+<BLOCK NAME="main" ADDRESS="" LIBRARY="false" FORCEOUTPUT="false" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[unittest: line 42 col 1-9]">
 </BLOCK>
 </PROGRAM>
 """)

compiler/test/comparisons/Makefile

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ generate:
 	p8compile -noopt -target cx16 *.p8 >/dev/null
 
 test_prgs:
+	x16emu -run -prg more_compares.prg
 	for program in *.prg; do \
 		echo "RUNNING:" $$program ; \
 		x16emu -run -prg $$program >/dev/null ; \

compiler/test/vm/TestCompilerVirtual.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
 import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldNotContain
 import prog8.ast.expressions.BuiltinFunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
 import prog8.code.target.C64Target
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ import prog8.intermediate.IRFileReader
 import prog8.intermediate.IRSubroutine
 import prog8.intermediate.Opcode
 import prog8.vm.VmRunner
-import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
 import kotlin.io.path.readText
 
@@ -212,59 +212,17 @@ main {
         compileText(othertarget, true, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
 
         val target = VMTarget()
-        val result = compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = true)!!
-        val virtfile = result.compilationOptions.outputDir.resolve(result.compilerAst.name + ".p8ir")
+        var result = compileText(target, true, src, writeAssembly = true)!!
+        var virtfile = result.compilationOptions.outputDir.resolve(result.compilerAst.name + ".p8ir")
         VmRunner().runAndTestProgram(virtfile.readText()) { vm ->
-            vm.stepCount shouldBe 49
+            vm.stepCount shouldBe 37
         }
-    }
 
-    test("asmsub for virtual target not supported") {
-        val src = """
-main {
-  sub start() {
-    void test(42)
-  }
-
-  asmsub test(ubyte xx @A) -> ubyte @Y {
-    %asm {{
-        lda #99
-        tay
-        rts
-    }}
-  }
-}"""
-        val othertarget = Cx16Target()
-        compileText(othertarget, true, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
-
-        val target = VMTarget()
-        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
-        compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = false, errors = errors) shouldBe null
-        errors.errors.size shouldBe 1
-        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "cannot use asmsub for vm target"
-    }
-
-    test("asmsub for virtual target not supported even with IR") {
-        val src = """
-main {
-  sub start() {
-    void test(42)
-  }
-
-  asmsub test(ubyte xx @A) -> ubyte @Y {
-    %ir {{
-        return
-    }}
-  }
-}"""
-        val othertarget = Cx16Target()
-        compileText(othertarget, true, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
-
-        val target = VMTarget()
-        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
-        compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = false, errors = errors) shouldBe null
-        errors.errors.size shouldBe 1
-        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "cannot use asmsub for vm target"
+        result = compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = true)!!
+        virtfile = result.compilationOptions.outputDir.resolve(result.compilerAst.name + ".p8ir")
+        VmRunner().runAndTestProgram(virtfile.readText()) { vm ->
+            vm.stepCount shouldBe 48
+        }
     }
 
     test("inline asm for virtual target should be IR") {
@@ -287,25 +245,26 @@ main {
         val exc = shouldThrow<Exception> {
             VmRunner().runProgram(virtfile.readText())
         }
-        exc.message shouldContain("does not support real inlined assembly")
+        exc.message shouldContain("encountered unconverted inline assembly chunk")
     }
 
-    test("inline asm for virtual target with IR is accepted") {
+    test("inline asm for virtual target with IR is accepted and converted to regular instructions") {
         val src = """
 main {
   sub start() {
     %ir {{
+        loadr.b r1,r2
         return
     }}
   }
 }"""
-        val othertarget = Cx16Target()
-        compileText(othertarget, true, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
-
         val target = VMTarget()
         val result = compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = true)!!
         val virtfile = result.compilationOptions.outputDir.resolve(result.compilerAst.name + ".p8ir")
-        VmRunner().runProgram(virtfile.readText())
+        val irSrc = virtfile.readText()
+        irSrc.shouldContain("loadr.b r1,r2")
+        irSrc.shouldNotContain("INLINEASM")
+        VmRunner().runProgram(irSrc)
     }
 
     test("addresses from labels/subroutines not yet supported in VM") {

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Language features
 - ``in`` expression for concise and efficient multi-value/containment test
 - Nested subroutines can access variables from outer scopes to avoids the overhead to pass everything via parameters
 - Variable data types include signed and unsigned bytes and words, arrays, strings.
-- Floating point math also supported if the target system provides floating point library routines (C64 and Cx16 both do).
+- Floating point math also supported on select compiler targets (C64, Cx16 and virtual).
 - Strings can contain escaped characters but also many symbols directly if they have a PETSCII equivalent, such as "♠♥♣♦π▚●○╳". Characters like ^, _, \\, {, } and | are also accepted and converted to the closest PETSCII equivalents.
 - High-level code optimizations, such as const-folding (zero-allocation constants that are optimized away in expressions), expression and statement simplifications/rewriting.
 - Many built-in functions, such as ``sin``, ``cos``, ``abs``, ``sqrt``, ``msb``, ``rol``, ``ror``, ``sort`` and ``reverse``
@@ -180,9 +180,11 @@ For MacOS you can use the Homebrew system to install a recent version of OpenJDK
 
 Finally: an **emulator** (or a real machine of course) to test and run your programs on.
 In C64 mode, the compiler assumes the presence of the `VICE emulator <http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/>`_.
-If you're targeting the Commander X16 instead, there's a choice of the official `x16emu <https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-emulator>`_
-and the unofficial `box16 <https://github.com/indigodarkwolf/box16>`_  (you can select which one you want to launch
-using the ``-emu`` or ``-emu2`` command line options)
+If you're targeting the Commander X16 instead,
+download a recent emulator version (R42 or newer) for the CommanderX16, such as `x16emu <https://cx16forum.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=30>`_
+(preferred, this is the official emulator. If required, source code is `here <https://github.com/X16Community/x16-emulator/>`_.
+There is also `Box16 <https://github.com/indigodarkwolf/box16>`_ which has powerful debugging features.
+You can select which one you want to launch using the ``-emu`` or ``-emu2`` command line options.
 
 **Syntax highlighting:** for a few different editors, syntax highlighting definition files are provided.
 Look in the `syntax-files <https://github.com/irmen/prog8/tree/master/syntax-files>`_ directory in the github repository to find them.

docs/source/libraries.rst

@@ -112,6 +112,12 @@ sys (part of syslib)
     Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on BASIC prompt.
     (called automatically by Prog8 when the main subroutine returns and the program is not using basicsafe zeropage option)
 
+``poweroff_system()``  (commander x16 only)
+    Powers down the computer.
+
+``set_leds_brightness(ubyte activity, ubyte power)``  (commander x16 only)
+    Sets the brightness of the activity and power leds on the computer.
+
 
 conv
 ----
@@ -214,6 +220,10 @@ Provides string manipulation routines.
 
 floats
 ------
+
+.. note::
+    Floating point support is only available on c64, cx16 and virtual targets for now.
+
 Provides definitions for the ROM/Kernal subroutines and utility routines dealing with floating
 point variables.  This includes ``print_f``, the routine used to print floating point numbers,
 ``fabs`` to get the absolute value of a floating point number, and a dozen or so floating point
@@ -377,3 +387,5 @@ Available for the Cx16 target.
 Contains a simple abstraction for the Vera's PSG (programmable sound generator) to play simple waveforms.
 It includes an interrupt routine to handle simple Attack/Release envelopes as well.
 See the examples/cx16/bdmusic.p8  program for ideas how to use it.
+Read the source of this library module for details about the API.
+

docs/source/programming.rst

@@ -255,11 +255,13 @@ This saves a lot of memory and may be faster as well.
 Floating point numbers
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Floats are stored in the 5-byte 'MFLPT' format that is used on CBM machines,
-and currently all floating point operations are specific to the Commodore 64.
-This is because routines in the C64 BASIC and Kernal ROMs are used for that.
-So floating point operations will only work if the C64 BASIC ROM (and Kernal ROM)
-are banked in.
+Floats are stored in the 5-byte 'MFLPT' format that is used on CBM machines.
+Floating point support is available on the c64 and cx16 (and virtual) compiler targets.
+On the c64 and cx16, the rom routines are used for floating point operations,
+so on both systems the correct rom banks have to be banked in to make this work.
+Although the C128 shares the same floating point format, Prog8 currently doesn't support
+using floating point on that system (because the c128 fp routines require the fp variables
+to be in another ram bank than the program, something Prog8 doesn't do).
 
 Also your code needs to import the ``floats`` library to enable floating point support
 in the compiler, and to gain access to the floating point routines.
@@ -268,10 +270,6 @@ to worry about this yourself)
 
 The largest 5-byte MFLPT float that can be stored is: **1.7014118345e+38**   (negative: **-1.7014118345e+38**)
 
-.. note::
-    On the Commander X16, to use floating point operations, ROM bank 4 has to be enabled (BASIC).
-    Importing the ``floats`` library will do this for you if needed.
-
 
 Arrays
 ^^^^^^

docs/source/syntaxreference.rst

@@ -77,8 +77,6 @@ Directives
       to perform a system reset. (A ``system_reset`` subroutine is available in the syslib to help you do this)
     - style ``dontuse`` -- don't use *any* location in the zeropage.
 
-    Also read :ref:`zeropage`.
-
 .. note::
     ``kernalsafe`` and ``full`` on the C64 leave enough room in the zeropage to reallocate the
     16 virtual registers cx16.r0...cx16.r15 from the Commander X16 into the zeropage as well

docs/source/targetsystem.rst

@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ The Commander X16 syslib does provides two additional routines that should be us
 They take care of saving and restoring the Vera state of the interrupted main program, otherwise the IRQ handler's manipulation
 will corrupt any Vera operations that were going on in the main program. The routines are::
 
-    cx16.push_vera_context()
+    cx16.save_vera_context()
     ; ... do your work that uses vera here...
-    cx16.pop_vera_context()
+    cx16.restore_vera_context()
 
 .. caution::
     The Commander X16's 16 'virtual registers' R0-R15 are located in zeropage and *are not preserved* in the IRQ handler!

docs/source/todo.rst

@@ -1,105 +1,9 @@
-TODO
-====
 
-For next minor release
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This is the maintenance branch for Prog8 version 8, only important bugfixes will be made here.
+New development for version 9 and up is taking place in the master branch.
+
+TODO V8 maintenance fixes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 ...
 
 
-For 9.0 major changes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-- get rid of the disknumber parameter everywhere in diskio, make it a configurable variable that defaults to 8.
-  the large majority of users will only deal with a single disk drive so why not make it easier for them.
-- duplicate diskio for cx16 (get rid of cx16diskio, just copy diskio and tweak everything) + documentation
-- get f_seek_w working like in the BASIC program  - this needs the changes to diskio.f_open to use suffixes ,p,m
-- Some more support for (64tass) SEGMENTS ?
-    - Add a mechanism to allocate variables into golden ram (or segments really) (see GoldenRam class)
-    - maybe treat block "golden" in a special way: can only contain vars, every var will be allocated in the Golden ram area?
-    - maybe or may not needed: the variables can NOT have initialization values, they will all be set to zero on startup (simple memset)
-      just initialize them yourself in start() if you need a non-zero value .
-    - OR.... do all this automatically if 'golden' is enabled as a compiler option? So compiler allocates in ZP first, then Golden Ram, then regular ram
-    - OR.... make all this more generic and use some %segment option to create real segments for 64tass?
-    - (need separate step in codegen and IR to write the "golden" variables)
-
-
-Need help with
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-- c128 target: various machine specific things (free zp locations, how banking works, getting the floating point routines working, ...)
-- atari target: more details details about the machine, fixing library routines. I have no clue whatsoever.
-- see the :ref:`portingguide` for details on what information is needed.
-
-
-Future Things and Ideas
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Compiler:
-
-- ir: can we determine for the loop variable in forloops if it could be kept in a (virtual) register instead of a real variable? Need to be able to check if the variable is used by another statement beside just the for loop.
-- ir: mechanism to determine for chunks which registers are getting input values from "outside"
-- ir: mechanism to determine for chunks which registers are passing values out? (i.e. are used again in another chunk)
-- ir: peephole opt: renumber registers in chunks to start with 1 again every time (but keep entry values in mind!)
-- ir: peephole opt: reuse registers in chunks (but keep result registers in mind that pass values out! and don't renumber registers above SyscallRegisterBase!)
-- ir: add more optimizations in IRPeepholeOptimizer
-- ir: for expressions with array indexes that occur multiple times, can we avoid loading them into new virtualregs everytime and just reuse a single virtualreg as indexer? (simple form of common subexpression elimination)
-- PtAst/IR: more complex common subexpression eliminations
-- vm: somehow be able to load a label address as value? (VmProgramLoader) this may require storing the program as bytecodes in actual memory though...
-- 6502 codegen: see if we can let for loops skip the loop if startvar>endvar, without adding a lot of code size/duplicating the loop condition.
-  It is documented behavior to now loop 'around' $00 but it's too easy to forget about!
-  Lot of work because of so many special cases in ForLoopsAsmgen.....  (vm codegen already behaves like this)
-- generate WASM to eventually run prog8 on a browser canvas? Use binaryen toolkit or my binaryen kotlin library?
-- can we get rid of pieces of asmgen.AssignmentAsmGen by just reusing the AugmentableAssignment ? generated code should not suffer
-- [problematic due to using 64tass:] add a compiler option to not remove unused subroutines. this allows for building library programs. But this won't work with 64tass's .proc ...
-  Perhaps replace all uses of .proc/.pend/.endproc by .block/.bend will fix that with a compiler flag?
-  But all library code written in asm uses .proc already..... (textual search/replace when writing the actual asm?)
-  Once new codegen is written that is based on the IR, this point is mostly moot anyway as that will have its own dead code removal on the IR level.
-- Zig-like try-based error handling where the V flag could indicate error condition? and/or BRK to jump into monitor on failure? (has to set BRK vector for that) But the V flag is also set on certain normal instructions
-- add special (u)word array type (or modifier?) that puts the array into memory as 2 separate byte-arrays 1 for LSB 1 for MSB -> allows for word arrays of length 256 and faster indexing
-  this is an enormous amout of work, if this type is to be treated equally as existing (u)word , because all expression / lookup / assignment routines need to know about the distinction....
-  So maybe only allow the bare essntials? (store, get)
-
-
-Libraries:
-
-- fix the problems in c128 target, and flesh out its libraries.
-- fix the problems in atari target, and flesh out its libraries.
-- c64: make the graphics.BITMAP_ADDRESS configurable (VIC banking)
-- optimize several inner loops in gfx2 even further?
-- add modes 3 and perhaps even 2 to gfx2 (lores 16 color and 4 color)?
-- add a flood fill (span fill/scanline fill) routine to gfx2?
-
-
-Expressions:
-
-- Once the evalstack-free expression codegen is in place, the Eval Stack can be removed from the compiler.
-    Machinedefinition, .p8 and .asm library files, all routines operationg on estack, and everything saving/restoring the X register related to this stack.
-- Or rewrite expression tree evaluation such that it doesn't use an eval stack but flatten the tree into linear code
-  that, for instance, uses a fixed number of predetermined value 'variables'?
-  The VM IL solves this already (by using unlimited registers) but that still lacks a translation to 6502.
-- this removes the need for the BinExprSplitter? (which is problematic and very limited now)
-  and perhaps the assignment splitting in  BeforeAsmAstChanger  too
-
-Optimizations:
-
-- VariableAllocator: can we think of a smarter strategy for allocating variables into zeropage, rather than first-come-first-served?
-  for instance, vars used inside loops first, then loopvars, then the rest
-- various optimizers skip stuff if compTarget.name==VMTarget.NAME.  Once 6502-codegen is done from IR code,
-  those checks should probably be removed, or be made permanent
-
-
-STRUCTS again?
---------------
-
-What if we were to re-introduce Structs in prog8? Some thoughts:
-
-- can contain only numeric types (byte,word,float) - no nested structs, no reference types (strings, arrays) inside structs
-- is just some syntactic sugar for a scoped set of variables -> ast transform to do exactly this before codegen. Codegen doesn't know about struct.
-- no arrays of struct -- because too slow on 6502 to access those, rather use struct of arrays instead.
-  can we make this a compiler/codegen only issue? i.e. syntax is just as if it was an array of structs?
-  or make it explicit in the syntax so that it is clear what the memory layout of it is.
-- ability to assign struct variable to another?   this is slow but can be quite handy sometimes.
-  however how to handle this in a function that gets the struct passed as reference? Don't allow it there? (there's no pointer dereferencing concept in prog8)
-- ability to be passed as argument to a function (by reference)?
-  however there is no typed pointer in prog8 at the moment so this can't be implemented in a meaningful way yet,
-  because there is no way to reference it as the struct type again. (current ast gets the by-reference parameter
-  type replaced by uword)
-  So-- maybe don't replace the parameter type in the ast?  Should fix that for str and array types as well then
-

examples/cx16/amiga.p8

@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ main {
         palette.set_rgb(amigacolors, len(amigacolors))
 
         cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 64        ; have the vertical resolution so it is 640*240 - more or less Amiga's default non interlaced mode
-        gfx2.text_charset(3)
+        gfx2.text_charset(1)
 
         screen_titlebar()
         window_workbench()
         window_system()
         window_shell()
-        gfx2.text(280, 210, 1, sc:"640x480(240) 4 colors")
-        gfx2.text(280, 220, 1, sc:"Mockup drawn using Prog8 gfx2 library")
+        gfx2.text(280, 210, 1, iso:"640x480(240) 4 colors")
+        gfx2.text(280, 220, 1, iso:"Mockup drawn using Prog8 gfx2 library")
 
         repeat {
         }
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ main {
 
     sub screen_titlebar() {
         gfx2.fillrect(0, 0, gfx2.width, 10, 2)
-        gfx2.text(8,1, 1, sc:"AmigaOS 3.1    2,002,448 graphics mem  16,504,384 other mem")
+        gfx2.text(8,1, 1, iso:"AmigaOS 3.1    2,002,448 graphics mem  16,504,384 other mem")
         gfx2.horizontal_line(0, 10, gfx2.width, 1)
         widget.window_order_icon(gfx2.width-widget.window_order_icon.width, 0, false)
     }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ main {
         const uword width = 600
         const uword height = 220
 
-        widget.window_titlebar(win_x, win_y, width, sc:"Workbench", false)
+        widget.window_titlebar(win_x, win_y, width, iso:"Workbench", false)
         ; gfx2.fillrect(win_x+3, win_y+11, width-4, height-11-2,0)    ; clear window pane
         widget.window_leftborder(win_x, win_y, height, false)
         widget.window_bottomborder(win_x, win_y, width, height)
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ main {
         vector_v(win_x+width - 390, win_y+height-20)
         vector_v(win_x+width - 390 -14, win_y+height-20)
 
-        widget.icon(45,40, sc:"Ram Disk")
-        widget.icon(45,90, sc:"Workbench3.1")
+        widget.icon(45,40, iso:"Ram Disk")
+        widget.icon(45,90, iso:"Workbench3.1")
     }
 
     sub vector_v(uword x, uword y) {
@@ -70,17 +70,17 @@ main {
         const uword win_x = 320
         const uword win_y = 40
 
-        widget.window_titlebar(win_x, win_y, width, sc:"System", false)
+        widget.window_titlebar(win_x, win_y, width, iso:"System", false)
         gfx2.fillrect(win_x+3, win_y+11, width-4, height-11-2, 0)    ; clear window pane
         widget.window_leftborder(win_x, win_y, height, false)
         widget.window_bottomborder(win_x, win_y, width, height)
         widget.window_rightborder(win_x, win_y, width, height, false)
 
-        widget.icon(win_x+16, win_y+14, sc:"FixFonts")
-        widget.icon(win_x+16+80, win_y+14, sc:"NoFastMem")
-        widget.icon(win_x+16, win_y+56, sc:"Format")
-        widget.icon(win_x+16+80, win_y+56, sc:"RexxMast")
-        widget.icon(win_x+16+160, win_y+56, sc:"Shell")
+        widget.icon(win_x+16, win_y+14, iso:"FixFonts")
+        widget.icon(win_x+16+80, win_y+14, iso:"NoFastMem")
+        widget.icon(win_x+16, win_y+56, iso:"Format")
+        widget.icon(win_x+16+80, win_y+56, iso:"RexxMast")
+        widget.icon(win_x+16+160, win_y+56, iso:"Shell")
     }
 
     sub window_shell() {
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ main {
         const uword width = 500
         const uword height = 65
 
-        widget.window_titlebar(win_x, win_y, width, sc:"AmigaShell", true)
+        widget.window_titlebar(win_x, win_y, width, iso:"AmigaShell", true)
         gfx2.fillrect(win_x+3, win_y+11, width-4, height-11-2,0)    ; clear window pane
         widget.window_leftborder(win_x, win_y, height, true)
         widget.window_bottomborder(win_x, win_y, width, height)
         widget.window_rightborder(win_x, win_y, width, height, true)
 
-        gfx2.text(win_x+5, win_y+12, 1, sc:"New Shell process 3")
-        gfx2.text(win_x+5, win_y+12+8, 1, sc:"3.Workbench3.1:>")
+        gfx2.text(win_x+5, win_y+12, 1, iso:"New Shell process 3")
+        gfx2.text(win_x+5, win_y+12+8, 1, iso:"3.Workbench3.1:>")
         gfx2.fillrect(win_x+5+17*8, win_y+12+8, 8, 8, 1)        ; cursor
     }
 }

examples/cx16/kefrenbars.p8

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ main {
 
 
 irq {
-    const ubyte BAR_Y_OFFSET = 6
+    const ubyte BAR_Y_OFFSET = 5
     uword next_irq_line = 0
     ubyte anim1 = 0
     ubyte av1 = 0

examples/cx16/keyboardhandler.p8

@@ -9,17 +9,16 @@ main {
 
     sub start() {
 
-        txt.print("ps2 custom key handler test - press keys! esc to quit!\n")
+        txt.print("custom key handler test - press keys! esc to quit!\n")
 
         sys.set_irqd()
         uword old_keyhdl = cx16.KEYHDL
         cx16.KEYHDL = &keyboard_scancode_handler
         sys.clear_irqd()
 
-        bool escape_pressed
-        while not escape_pressed {
-            handle_keyboard_event()
+        while handle_keyboard_event() {
         }
+
         sys.set_irqd()
         cx16.KEYHDL = old_keyhdl
         sys.clear_irqd()
@@ -30,70 +29,49 @@ main {
     ; so that they won't get overwritten with initialization values every time.
     ; The assembly keyboard handler will set these, prog8 will read them.
     bool @shared keyhdl_event       ; is there a keyboard event to handle?
-    ubyte @shared keyhdl_prefix
     ubyte @shared keyhdl_scancode
-    ubyte @shared keyhdl_updown
 
-    sub handle_keyboard_event() {
+    sub handle_keyboard_event() -> bool {
         ; Potentially handle keyboard event.
         ; Note that we do this from the program's main loop instead of
         ; the actual keyboard handler routine itself.
         ; The reason for this is documented below in the handler assembly routine.
         if not keyhdl_event
-            return
+            return true
         keyhdl_event = false
-        txt.print_ubhex(keyhdl_prefix, true)
-        txt.chrout(':')
         txt.print_ubhex(keyhdl_scancode, true)
         txt.spc()
-        if keyhdl_updown
+        if keyhdl_scancode & $80
             txt.chrout('u')
         else
             txt.chrout('d')
         txt.nl()
-        if keyhdl_prefix==0 and keyhdl_scancode==119 and keyhdl_updown {
-            ; escape was pressed! exit back to basic
-            main.start.escape_pressed = true
-        }
+        return keyhdl_scancode!=$6e         ; escape breaks the loop
     }
 
     asmsub keyboard_scancode_handler() {
-
         ; NOTE that the keyboard handler is an asm subroutine.
         ; Unfortunately is it not possible to use prog8 code or calls here,
-        ; because the X register gets overwritten here (to store the prefix byte)
-        ; and prog8 uses the X register internally (for the evaluation stack).
+        ; because the X register gets overwritten here by the kernal.
+        ; Pog8 uses the X register internally (for the software eval stack).
         ; So it is unsafe to call prog8 code from here because the evaluation stack pointer
         ; will be invalid which produces undefined results.
         ; So, instead, we store the various keyboard event bytes and signal
         ; the main prog8 program that a keyboard event has occurred.
         ; It then processes it independently from the assembly code here.
         ;
-        ; Unfortunately this also means you cannot decide from that prog8 code
+        ; Unfortunately this also means you cannot decide easily from that prog8 code
         ; if the keyboard press should be consumed/ignored or put into the keyboard queue
         ; (this is controlled by returning 0 or 1 in register A here)
-        ;
-        ; see:
-        ; https://github.com/X16Community/x16-docs/blob/master/X16%20Reference%20-%2002%20-%20Editor.md#custom-keyboard-scancode-handler
 
         %asm {{
-            php
             pha
-            phx
-            stz  keyhdl_updown
-            bcc  +
-            inc  keyhdl_updown
-+           stx  keyhdl_prefix
             sta  keyhdl_scancode
             lda  #1
             sta  keyhdl_event
-            ; we can do additional stuff here and decide if we want to
-            ; consume the key event or not (A=0 or A!=0)
-            plx
             pla
-            lda #0     ;By setting A=0 we will remove this key event for now
-            tax
-            plp
+
+            lda #0     ; By setting A=0 we will eat this key event. leave A unchanged to pass it through.
             rts
         }}
     }

examples/cx16/zsound/stream-test-zcm.p8

@@ -68,9 +68,10 @@ zsound_lib:
             size = cx16diskio.f_read(digi_address, ram_bank_size)       ; load next bank
             txt.print_ub(cx16.getrambank())
             txt.spc()
+            sys.wait(5)     ; artificial delay
         }
 
-        txt.print("file end.\n")
+        txt.print("sound file end reached.\n")
         diskio.f_close()
 
         repeat {

examples/numbergame.p8

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 %import textio
 %import conv
 %import math
-%import test_stack
 %zeropage basicsafe
 
 ; The classic number guessing game.
@@ -61,8 +60,6 @@ main {
             txt.print("Thanks for playing, ")
             txt.print(name)
             txt.print(".\n")
-
-            ; test_stack.test()
         }
     }
 }

examples/test.p8

@@ -1,31 +1,35 @@
 %import textio
-%import floats
 %zeropage basicsafe
 
-
 main {
-    sub start()  {
-        ubyte[] ba = [11,22,33]
-        uword[] wa = [1111,2222,3333]
-        float[] fa = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
 
-        txt.print_ub(ba[1])
-        txt.nl()
-        txt.print_uw(wa[1])
-        txt.nl()
-        floats.print_f(fa[1])
+    sub start() {
+        ubyte ub = 123
+        byte bb = -100
+        uword uw = 12345
+        word ww = -12345
+
+        ub |= 63    ; vm/c64 ok (127)
+        bb |= 63    ; vm/c64 ok (-65)
+        uw |= 63    ; vm/c64 ok (12351)
+        ww |= 63    ; vm/c64 ok (-12289)
+
+        txt.print_ub(ub)
+        txt.spc()
+        txt.print_b(bb)
+        txt.spc()
+        txt.print_uw(uw)
+        txt.spc()
+        txt.print_w(ww)
         txt.nl()
 
-        ubyte index=1
-        ubyte calc=1
-        ba[index] += 1
-        wa[index] += 1
-        fa[index] += 1
-        txt.print_ub(ba[1])
-        txt.nl()
-        txt.print_uw(wa[1])
-        txt.nl()
-        floats.print_f(fa[1])
+        uw |= 16384  ; vm/c64 ok (28735)
+        ww |= 8192   ; vm/c64 ok (-4097)
+
+        txt.print_uw(uw)
+        txt.spc()
+        txt.print_w(ww)
         txt.nl()
     }
 }
+

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/IMSyscall.kt

@@ -5,23 +5,21 @@ package prog8.intermediate
 // Note that in the VM these are translated into whatever the corresponding Syscall number in the VM is.
 
 enum class IMSyscall(val number: Int) {
-    SORT_UBYTE(10000),
-    SORT_BYTE(10001),
-    SORT_UWORD(10002),
-    SORT_WORD(10003),
-    ANY_BYTE(10004),
-    ANY_WORD(10005),
-    ANY_FLOAT(10006),
-    ALL_BYTE(10007),
-    ALL_WORD(10008),
-    ALL_FLOAT(10009),
-    REVERSE_BYTES(10010),
-    REVERSE_WORDS(10011),
-    REVERSE_FLOATS(10012),
-    COMPARE_STRINGS(10013),
-    STRING_CONTAINS(10014),
-    BYTEARRAY_CONTAINS(10015),
-    WORDARRAY_CONTAINS(10016)
+    SORT_UBYTE(0x1000),
+    SORT_BYTE(0x1001),
+    SORT_UWORD(0x1002),
+    SORT_WORD(0x1003),
+    ANY_BYTE(0x1004),
+    ANY_WORD(0x1005),
+    ANY_FLOAT(0x1006),
+    ALL_BYTE(0x1007),
+    ALL_WORD(0x1008),
+    ALL_FLOAT(0x1009),
+    REVERSE_BYTES(0x100a),
+    REVERSE_WORDS(0x100b),
+    REVERSE_FLOATS(0x100c),
+    COMPARE_STRINGS(0x100d),
+    STRING_CONTAINS(0x100e),
+    BYTEARRAY_CONTAINS(0x100f),
+    WORDARRAY_CONTAINS(0x1010)
 }
-
-const val SyscallRegisterBase = 65500

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/IRFileReader.kt

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ class IRFileReader {
         blocks.forEach{ program.addBlock(it) }
 
         program.linkChunks()
+        program.convertAsmChunks()
         program.validate()
 
         return program
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ class IRFileReader {
         if(text.isNotBlank()) {
             text.lineSequence().forEach { line ->
                 if (line.isNotBlank() && !line.startsWith(';')) {
-                    val result = parseIRCodeLine(line, null, mutableMapOf())
+                    val result = parseIRCodeLine(line)
                     result.fold(
                         ifLeft = {
                             chunk += it
@@ -336,6 +337,8 @@ class IRFileReader {
         val block = IRBlock(
             attrs.getValue("NAME"),
             if(attrs.getValue("ADDRESS")=="") null else parseIRValue(attrs.getValue("ADDRESS")).toUInt(),
+            if(attrs.getValue("LIBRARY")=="") false else attrs.getValue("LIBRARY").toBoolean(),
+            if(attrs.getValue("FORCEOUTPUT")=="") false else attrs.getValue("FORCEOUTPUT").toBoolean(),
             IRBlock.BlockAlignment.valueOf(attrs.getValue("ALIGN")),
             parsePosition(attrs.getValue("POS")))
         skipText(reader)
@@ -501,17 +504,6 @@ class IRFileReader {
         }
     }
 
-    private fun parseRegisterOrStatusflag(regs: String): RegisterOrStatusflag {
-        var reg: RegisterOrPair? = null
-        var sf: Statusflag? = null
-        try {
-            reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regs)
-        } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
-            sf = Statusflag.valueOf(regs)
-        }
-        return RegisterOrStatusflag(reg, sf)
-    }
-
     private val posPattern = Regex("\\[(.+): line (.+) col (.+)-(.+)\\]")
 
     private fun parsePosition(strpos: String): Position {

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/IRFileWriter.kt

@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ class IRFileWriter(private val irProgram: IRProgram, outfileOverride: Path?) {
     private fun writeBlocks() {
         irProgram.blocks.forEach { block ->
             xml.writeStartElement("BLOCK")
-            xml.writeAttribute("NAME", block.name)
+            xml.writeAttribute("NAME", block.label)
             xml.writeAttribute("ADDRESS", block.address?.toHex() ?: "")
+            xml.writeAttribute("LIBRARY", block.library.toString())
+            xml.writeAttribute("FORCEOUTPUT", block.forceOutput.toString())
             xml.writeAttribute("ALIGN", block.alignment.toString())
             xml.writeAttribute("POS", block.position.toString())
             xml.writeCharacters("\n")
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ class IRFileWriter(private val irProgram: IRProgram, outfileOverride: Path?) {
     private fun writeCodeChunk(chunk: IRCodeChunk) {
         xml.writeStartElement("CODE")
         chunk.label?.let { xml.writeAttribute("LABEL", chunk.label) }
+        xml.writeAttribute("used-registers", chunk.usedRegisters().toString())
         xml.writeCharacters("\n")
         chunk.instructions.forEach { instr ->
             numInstr++
@@ -137,7 +140,6 @@ class IRFileWriter(private val irProgram: IRProgram, outfileOverride: Path?) {
     private fun writeInlineBytes(chunk: IRInlineBinaryChunk) {
         xml.writeStartElement("BYTES")
         chunk.label?.let { xml.writeAttribute("LABEL", chunk.label) }
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
         chunk.data.withIndex().forEach {(index, byte) ->
             xml.writeCharacters(byte.toString(16).padStart(2,'0'))
             if(index and 63 == 63 && index < chunk.data.size-1)

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/IRInstructions.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.intermediate
 
+import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrStatusflag
 import prog8.code.core.toHex
 
 /*
@@ -17,31 +18,31 @@ Status flags: Carry, Zero, Negative.   NOTE: status flags are only affected by t
                                              logical or arithmetic operations DO NOT AFFECT THE STATUS FLAGS UNLESS EXPLICITLY NOTED!
 
 Instruction set is mostly a load/store architecture, there are few instructions operating on memory directly.
-Most instructions have an associated data type 'b','w','f'. (omitting it defaults to 'b' - byte).
-Currently NO support for 24 or 32 bits integers.
+
+Value types: integers (.b=byte=8 bits, .w=word=16 bits) and float (.f=32 bits). Omitting it defaults to b.
+Currently ther is NO support for 24 or 32 bits integers.
+There is no distinction between signed and unsigned integers.
+Instead, a different instruction is used if a distinction should be made (for example div and divs).
 Floating point operations are just 'f' typed regular instructions, however there are a few unique fp conversion instructions.
-Instructions taking more than 1 register cannot take the same register multiple times! (to avoid confusing different datatypes)
+
+NOTE: Labels in source text should always start with an underscore.
 
 
 LOAD/STORE
 ----------
 All have type b or w or f.
 
-load        reg1,         value       - load immediate value into register. If you supply a symbol, loads the address of the symbol.
+load        reg1,         value       - load immediate value into register. If you supply a symbol, loads the *address* of the symbol! (variable values are loaded from memory via the loadm instruction)
 loadm       reg1,         address     - load reg1 with value at memory address
 loadi       reg1, reg2                - load reg1 with value at memory indirect, memory pointed to by reg2
 loadx       reg1, reg2,   address     - load reg1 with value at memory address indexed by value in reg2
 loadix      reg1, reg2,   pointeraddr - load reg1 with value at memory indirect, pointed to by pointeraddr indexed by value in reg2
 loadr       reg1, reg2                - load reg1 with value in register reg2
-loadcpu     reg1,         cpureg      - load reg1 with value from cpu register (register/registerpair/statusflag)
-
 storem      reg1,         address     - store reg1 at memory address
-storecpu    reg1,         cpureg      - store reg1 in cpu register (register/registerpair/statusflag)
 storei      reg1, reg2                - store reg1 at memory indirect, memory pointed to by reg2
 storex      reg1, reg2,   address     - store reg1 at memory address, indexed by value in reg2
 storeix     reg1, reg2,   pointeraddr - store reg1 at memory indirect, pointed to by pointeraddr indexed by value in reg2
 storezm                   address     - store zero at memory address
-storezcpu                 cpureg      - store zero in cpu register (register/registerpair/statusflag)
 storezi     reg1                      - store zero at memory pointed to by reg1
 storezx     reg1,         address     - store zero at memory address, indexed by value in reg
 
@@ -50,70 +51,82 @@ CONTROL FLOW
 ------------
 jump                    location      - continue running at instruction number given by location
 jumpa                   address       - continue running at memory address (note: only used to encode a physical cpu jump to fixed address instruction)
-call                    location      - save current instruction location+1, continue execution at instruction nr given by location. Expect no return value.
-callrval    reg1,       location      - like call but expects a return value from a returnreg instruction, and puts that in reg1
-syscall                 value         - do a systemcall identified by call number
+call  label(argument register list) [: resultreg.type]
+                                      - calls a subroutine with the given arguments and return value (optional).
+                                        save current instruction location+1, continue execution at instruction nr of the label.
+                                        the argument register list is positional and includes the datatype, ex.: r4.b,r5.w,fp1.f
+                                        If the call is to a rom-routine, 'label' will be a hexadecimal address instead such as $ffd2
+                                        If the arguments should be passed in CPU registers, they'll have a @REGISTER postfix.
+                                        For example: call $ffd2(r5.b@A)
+syscall  number (argument register list) [: resultreg.type]
+                                      - do a systemcall identified by number, result value(s) are pushed on value stack by the syscall code so
+                                        will be POPped off into the given resultregister if any.
 return                                - restore last saved instruction location and continue at that instruction. No return value.
-returnreg   reg1                      - like return, but also returns a value to the caller via reg1
+returnr     reg1                      - like return, but also returns the value in reg1 to the caller
+
 
 
 BRANCHING and CONDITIONALS
 --------------------------
 All have type b or w except the branches that only check status bits.
 
-bstcc                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Carry is Clear
-bstcs                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Carry is Set
+bstcc                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Carry is clear
+bstcs                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Carry is set
+bstne                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Zero is clear
 bsteq                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Zero is set
-bstne                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Zero is not set
-bstneg                        address   - branch to location if Status bit Negative is not set
-bstpos                        address   - branch to location if Status bit Negative is not set
-bstvc                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Overflow is not set
-bstvs                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Overflow is not set
-bz          reg1,             address   - branch to location if reg1 is zero
-bnz         reg1,             address   - branch to location if reg1 is not zero
-bgzs        reg1,             address   - branch to location if reg1 > 0 (signed)
-bgezs       reg1,             address   - branch to location if reg1 >= 0 (signed)
-blzs        reg1,             address   - branch to location if reg1 < 0 (signed)
-blezs       reg1,             address   - branch to location if reg1 <= 0 (signed)
-beq         reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 == reg2
-bne         reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 != reg2
-bgt         reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 > reg2 (unsigned)
-bgts        reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 > reg2 (signed)
-bge         reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 >= reg2 (unsigned)
-bges        reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 >= reg2 (signed)
-( NOTE: there are no blt/ble instructions because these are equivalent to bgt/bge with the operands swapped around.)
-sz          reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg2==0,  otherwise set reg1=0
-snz         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg2!=0,  otherwise set reg1=0
-seq         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 == reg2,  otherwise set reg1=0
-sne         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 != reg2,  otherwise set reg1=0
-slt         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 < reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0
-slts        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 < reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0
-sle         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 <= reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0
-sles        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 <= reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0
-sgt         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 > reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0
-sgts        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 > reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0
-sge         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 >= reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0
-sges        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1 if reg1 >= reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0
+bstpos                        address   - branch to location if Status bit Negative is clear
+bstneg                        address   - branch to location if Status bit Negative is set
+bstvc                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Overflow is clear
+bstvs                         address   - branch to location if Status bit Overflow is set
+beqr        reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 == reg2
+beq         reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 == immediate value
+bner        reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 != reg2
+bne         reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 != immediate value
+bgt         reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 > immediate value (unsigned)
+bgts        reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 > immediate value (signed)
+bgtr        reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 > reg2 (unsigned)
+bgtsr       reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 > reg2 (signed)
+blt         reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 < immediate value (unsigned)
+blts        reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 < immediate value (signed)
+bge         reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 >= immediate value (unsigned)
+bges        reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 >= immediate value (signed)
+bger        reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 >= reg2 (unsigned)
+bgesr       reg1, reg2,       address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 >= reg2 (signed)
+ble         reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 <= immediate value (unsigned)
+bles        reg1, value,      address   - jump to location in program given by location, if reg1 <= immediate value (signed)
+( NOTE: there are no bltr/bler instructions because these are equivalent to bgtr/bger with the register operands swapped around.)
+sz          reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg2==0,  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+snz         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg2!=0,  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+seq         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 == reg2,  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sne         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 != reg2,  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+slt         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 < reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+slts        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 < reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sle         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 <= reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sles        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 <= reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sgt         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 > reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sgts        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 > reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sge         reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 >= reg2 (unsigned),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
+sges        reg1, reg2                  - set reg1=1.b if reg1 >= reg2 (signed),  otherwise set reg1=0.b
 
 
 ARITHMETIC
 ----------
 All have type b or w or f. Note: result types are the same as operand types! E.g. byte*byte->byte.
 
-ext         reg1                            - reg1 = unsigned extension of reg1 (which in practice just means clearing the MSB / MSW) (ext.w not yet implemented as we don't have longs yet)
 exts        reg1                            - reg1 = signed extension of reg1 (byte to word, or word to long)  (note: ext.w is not yet implemented as we don't have longs yet)
+ext         reg1                            - reg1 = unsigned extension of reg1 (which in practice just means clearing the MSB / MSW) (ext.w not yet implemented as we don't have longs yet)
 inc         reg1                            - reg1 = reg1+1
 incm                           address      - memory at address += 1
 dec         reg1                            - reg1 = reg1-1
 decm                           address      - memory at address -= 1
 neg         reg1                            - reg1 = sign negation of reg1
 negm                           address      - sign negate memory at address
-addr        reg1, reg2                      - reg1 += reg2 (unsigned + signed)
-add         reg1,              value        - reg1 += value (unsigned + signed)
-addm        reg1,              address      - memory at address += reg1 (unsigned + signed)
-subr        reg1, reg2                      - reg1 -= reg2 (unsigned + signed)
-sub         reg1,              value        - reg1 -= value (unsigned + signed)
-subm        reg1,              address      - memory at address -= reg1 (unsigned + signed)
+addr        reg1, reg2                      - reg1 += reg2 
+add         reg1,              value        - reg1 += value 
+addm        reg1,              address      - memory at address += reg1 
+subr        reg1, reg2                      - reg1 -= reg2 
+sub         reg1,              value        - reg1 -= value 
+subm        reg1,              address      - memory at address -= reg1 
 mulr        reg1, reg2                      - unsigned multiply reg1 *= reg2  note: byte*byte->byte, no type extension to word!
 mul         reg1,              value        - unsigned multiply reg1 *= value  note: byte*byte->byte, no type extension to word!
 mulm        reg1,              address      - memory at address  *= reg2  note: byte*byte->byte, no type extension to word!
@@ -125,8 +138,8 @@ divs        reg1,              value        - signed division reg1 /= value  not
 divsm       reg1,              address      - signed memory at address /= reg2  note: division by zero yields max signed int 127 / 32767
 modr        reg1, reg2                      - remainder (modulo) of unsigned division reg1 %= reg2  note: division by zero yields max signed int $ff/$ffff
 mod         reg1,              value        - remainder (modulo) of unsigned division reg1 %= value  note: division by zero yields max signed int $ff/$ffff
-divmodr     reg1, reg2                      - unsigned division reg1/reg2, storing division in r0 and remainder in r2 (by convention, because we can't specify enough registers in the instruction)
-divmod      reg1,              value        - unsigned division reg1/value, storing division in r0 and remainder in r2 (by convention, because we can't specify enough registers in the instruction)
+divmodr     reg1, reg2                      - unsigned division reg1/reg2, storing division and remainder on value stack (so need to be POPped off)
+divmod      reg1,              value        - unsigned division reg1/value, storing division and remainder on value stack (so need to be POPped off)
 sqrt        reg1, reg2                      - reg1 is the square root of reg2
 sgn         reg1, reg2                      - reg1 is the sign of reg2 (0, 1 or -1)
 cmp         reg1, reg2                      - set processor status bits C, N, Z according to comparison of reg1 with reg2. (semantics taken from 6502/68000 CMP instruction)
@@ -204,9 +217,8 @@ nop                                       - do nothing
 breakpoint                                - trigger a breakpoint
 msig [b, w]   reg1, reg2                  - reg1 becomes the most significant byte (or word) of the word (or int) in reg2  (.w not yet implemented; requires 32 bits regs)
 concat [b, w] reg1, reg2                  - reg1 = concatenated lsb/lsw of reg1 (as lsb) and lsb/lsw of reg2 (as msb) into word or int (int not yet implemented; requires 32bits regs)
-push [b, w]   reg1                        - push value in reg1 on the stack
-pop [b, w]    reg1                        - pop value from stack into reg1
-binarydata                                - 'instruction' to hold inlined binary data bytes
+push [b, w, f]   reg1                     - push value in reg1 on the stack
+pop [b, w, f]    reg1                     - pop value from stack into reg1
  */
 
 enum class Opcode {
@@ -217,24 +229,20 @@ enum class Opcode {
     LOADX,
     LOADIX,
     LOADR,
-    LOADCPU,
     STOREM,
-    STORECPU,
     STOREI,
     STOREX,
     STOREIX,
     STOREZM,
-    STOREZCPU,
     STOREZI,
     STOREZX,
 
     JUMP,
     JUMPA,
     CALL,
-    CALLRVAL,
     SYSCALL,
     RETURN,
-    RETURNREG,
+    RETURNR,
 
     BSTCC,
     BSTCS,
@@ -244,18 +252,22 @@ enum class Opcode {
     BSTPOS,
     BSTVC,
     BSTVS,
-    BZ,
-    BNZ,
-    BGZS,
-    BGEZS,
-    BLZS,
-    BLEZS,
+    BEQR,
     BEQ,
+    BNER,
     BNE,
+    BGTR,
     BGT,
+    BLT,
+    BGTSR,
     BGTS,
+    BLTS,
+    BGER,
     BGE,
+    BLE,
+    BGESR,
     BGES,
+    BLES,
     SZ,
     SNZ,
     SEQ,
@@ -359,24 +371,22 @@ enum class Opcode {
     POP,
     MSIG,
     CONCAT,
-    BREAKPOINT,
-    BINARYDATA
+    BREAKPOINT
 }
 
 val OpcodesThatJump = setOf(
     Opcode.JUMP,
     Opcode.JUMPA,
     Opcode.RETURN,
-    Opcode.RETURNREG
+    Opcode.RETURNR
 )
 
 val OpcodesThatBranch = setOf(
     Opcode.JUMP,
     Opcode.JUMPA,
     Opcode.RETURN,
-    Opcode.RETURNREG,
+    Opcode.RETURNR,
     Opcode.CALL,
-    Opcode.CALLRVAL,
     Opcode.SYSCALL,
     Opcode.BSTCC,
     Opcode.BSTCS,
@@ -386,81 +396,22 @@ val OpcodesThatBranch = setOf(
     Opcode.BSTPOS,
     Opcode.BSTVC,
     Opcode.BSTVS,
-    Opcode.BZ,
-    Opcode.BNZ,
-    Opcode.BGZS,
-    Opcode.BGEZS,
-    Opcode.BLZS,
-    Opcode.BLEZS,
-    Opcode.BEQ,
-    Opcode.BNE,
-    Opcode.BGT,
-    Opcode.BGTS,
-    Opcode.BGE,
-    Opcode.BGES
-)
-
-val OpcodesForCpuRegisters = setOf(
-    Opcode.LOADCPU,
-    Opcode.STORECPU,
-    Opcode.STOREZCPU
-)
-
-val OpcodesWithMemoryAddressAsValue = setOf(
-    Opcode.LOADM,
-    Opcode.LOADX,
-    Opcode.LOADIX,
-    Opcode.STOREM,
-    Opcode.STOREX,
-    Opcode.STOREIX,
-    Opcode.STOREZM,
-    Opcode.STOREZX,
-    Opcode.JUMP,
-    Opcode.JUMPA,
-    Opcode.CALL,
-    Opcode.CALLRVAL,
-    Opcode.BSTCC,
-    Opcode.BSTCS,
-    Opcode.BSTEQ,
-    Opcode.BSTNE,
-    Opcode.BSTNEG,
-    Opcode.BSTPOS,
-    Opcode.BSTVC,
-    Opcode.BSTVS,
-    Opcode.BZ,
-    Opcode.BNZ,
-    Opcode.BGZS,
-    Opcode.BGEZS,
-    Opcode.BLZS,
-    Opcode.BLEZS,
+    Opcode.BEQR,
     Opcode.BEQ,
+    Opcode.BNER,
     Opcode.BNE,
+    Opcode.BGTR,
     Opcode.BGT,
+    Opcode.BLT,
+    Opcode.BGTSR,
     Opcode.BGTS,
+    Opcode.BLTS,
+    Opcode.BGER,
     Opcode.BGE,
+    Opcode.BLE,
+    Opcode.BGESR,
     Opcode.BGES,
-    Opcode.INCM,
-    Opcode.DECM,
-    Opcode.NEGM,
-    Opcode.ADDM,
-    Opcode.SUBM,
-    Opcode.MULM,
-    Opcode.DIVM,
-    Opcode.DIVSM,
-    Opcode.INVM,
-    Opcode.ORM,
-    Opcode.XORM,
-    Opcode.ANDM,
-    Opcode.ASRM,
-    Opcode.LSRM,
-    Opcode.LSLM,
-    Opcode.LSLNM,
-    Opcode.LSRNM,
-    Opcode.ASRNM,
-    Opcode.ROLM,
-    Opcode.RORM,
-    Opcode.ROXLM,
-    Opcode.ROXRM
+    Opcode.BLES
 )
 
 enum class IRDataType {
@@ -482,9 +433,10 @@ data class InstructionFormat(val datatype: IRDataType?,
                              val reg2: OperandDirection,
                              val fpReg1: OperandDirection,
                              val fpReg2: OperandDirection,
-                             val valueIn: Boolean,
-                             val fpValueIn: Boolean
-                             ) {
+                             val address: OperandDirection,
+                             val immediate: Boolean,
+                             val funcCall: Boolean,
+                             val sysCall: Boolean) {
     companion object {
         fun from(spec: String): Map<IRDataType?, InstructionFormat> {
             val result = mutableMapOf<IRDataType?, InstructionFormat>()
@@ -493,37 +445,41 @@ data class InstructionFormat(val datatype: IRDataType?,
                 var reg2 = OperandDirection.UNUSED
                 var fpreg1 = OperandDirection.UNUSED
                 var fpreg2 = OperandDirection.UNUSED
-                var valueIn = false
-                var fpvalueIn = false
+                var address = OperandDirection.UNUSED
+                var immediate = false
                 val splits = part.splitToSequence(',').iterator()
                 val typespec = splits.next()
+                var funcCall = false
+                var sysCall = false
                 while(splits.hasNext()) {
                     when(splits.next()) {
-                        "<r1" -> { reg1=OperandDirection.READ }
-                        ">r1" -> { reg1=OperandDirection.WRITE }
-                        "<>r1" -> { reg1=OperandDirection.READWRITE }
+                        "<r1" -> reg1 = OperandDirection.READ
+                        ">r1" -> reg1 = OperandDirection.WRITE
+                        "<>r1" -> reg1 = OperandDirection.READWRITE
                         "<r2" -> reg2 = OperandDirection.READ
-                        "<fr1" -> { fpreg1=OperandDirection.READ }
-                        ">fr1" -> { fpreg1=OperandDirection.WRITE }
-                        "<>fr1" -> { fpreg1=OperandDirection.READWRITE }
+                        "<fr1" -> fpreg1 = OperandDirection.READ
+                        ">fr1" -> fpreg1 = OperandDirection.WRITE
+                        "<>fr1" -> fpreg1 = OperandDirection.READWRITE
                         "<fr2" -> fpreg2 = OperandDirection.READ
-                        "<v" -> {
-                            if('F' in typespec)
-                                fpvalueIn = true
-                            else
-                                valueIn = true
-                        }
+                        ">i", "<>i" -> throw IllegalArgumentException("can't write into an immediate value")
+                        "<i" -> immediate = true
+                        "<a" -> address = OperandDirection.READ
+                        ">a" -> address = OperandDirection.WRITE
+                        "<>a" -> address = OperandDirection.READWRITE
+                        "call" -> funcCall = true
+                        "syscall" -> sysCall = true
                         else -> throw IllegalArgumentException(spec)
                     }
                 }
+
                 if(typespec=="N")
-                    result[null] = InstructionFormat(null, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, valueIn, fpvalueIn)
+                    result[null] = InstructionFormat(null, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, address, immediate, funcCall, sysCall)
                 if('B' in typespec)
-                    result[IRDataType.BYTE] = InstructionFormat(IRDataType.BYTE, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, valueIn, fpvalueIn)
+                    result[IRDataType.BYTE] = InstructionFormat(IRDataType.BYTE, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, address, immediate, funcCall, sysCall)
                 if('W' in typespec)
-                    result[IRDataType.WORD] = InstructionFormat(IRDataType.WORD, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, valueIn, fpvalueIn)
+                    result[IRDataType.WORD] = InstructionFormat(IRDataType.WORD, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, address, immediate, funcCall, sysCall)
                 if('F' in typespec)
-                    result[IRDataType.FLOAT] = InstructionFormat(IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, valueIn, fpvalueIn)
+                    result[IRDataType.FLOAT] = InstructionFormat(IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1, reg2, fpreg1, fpreg2, address, immediate, funcCall, sysCall)
             }
             return result
         }
@@ -534,54 +490,57 @@ data class InstructionFormat(val datatype: IRDataType?,
   <X  =  X is not modified (readonly value)
   >X  =  X is overwritten with output value (write value)
   <>X =  X is modified (read + written)
-  TODO: also encode if *memory* is read/written/modified?
+  where X is one of:
+     r0... = integer register
+     fr0... = fp register
+     a = memory address
+     i = immediate value
  */
-@Suppress("BooleanLiteralArgument")
 val instructionFormats = mutableMapOf(
     Opcode.NOP        to InstructionFormat.from("N"),
-    Opcode.LOAD       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<v     | F,>fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.LOADM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<v     | F,>fr1,<v"),
+    Opcode.LOAD       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<i     | F,>fr1,<i"),
+    Opcode.LOADM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<a     | F,>fr1,<a"),
     Opcode.LOADI      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2    | F,>fr1,<r1"),
-    Opcode.LOADX      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2,<v | F,>fr1,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.LOADIX     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2,<v | F,>fr1,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.LOADX      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2,<a | F,>fr1,<r1,<a"),
+    Opcode.LOADIX     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2,<a | F,>fr1,<r1,<a"),
     Opcode.LOADR      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2    | F,>fr1,<fr2"),
-    Opcode.LOADCPU    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1"),
-    Opcode.STOREM     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v     | F,<fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.STORECPU   to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1"),
+    Opcode.STOREM     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,>a     | F,<fr1,>a"),
     Opcode.STOREI     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2    | F,<fr1,<r1"),
-    Opcode.STOREX     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v | F,<fr1,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.STOREIX    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v | F,<fr1,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.STOREZM    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v         | F,<v"),
-    Opcode.STOREZCPU  to InstructionFormat.from("BW"),
+    Opcode.STOREX     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,>a | F,<fr1,<r1,>a"),
+    Opcode.STOREIX    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,>a | F,<fr1,<r1,>a"),
+    Opcode.STOREZM    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>a         | F,>a"),
     Opcode.STOREZI    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1        | F,<r1"),
-    Opcode.STOREZX    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v     | F,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.JUMP       to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.JUMPA      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.CALL       to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.CALLRVAL   to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v     | F,<fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.SYSCALL    to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
+    Opcode.STOREZX    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,>a     | F,<r1,>a"),
+    Opcode.JUMP       to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.JUMPA      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.CALL       to InstructionFormat.from("N,call"),
+    Opcode.SYSCALL    to InstructionFormat.from("N,syscall"),
     Opcode.RETURN     to InstructionFormat.from("N"),
-    Opcode.RETURNREG  to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1        | F,<fr1"),
-    Opcode.BSTCC      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTCS      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTEQ      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTNE      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTNEG     to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTPOS     to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTVC      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BSTVS      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<v"),
-    Opcode.BZ         to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.BNZ        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.BGZS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.BGEZS      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.BLZS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.BLEZS      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.BEQ        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v"),
-    Opcode.BNE        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v"),
-    Opcode.BGT        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v"),
-    Opcode.BGTS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v"),
-    Opcode.BGE        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v"),
-    Opcode.BGES       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<v"),
+    Opcode.RETURNR    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1        | F,>fr1"),
+    Opcode.BSTCC      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTCS      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTEQ      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTNE      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTNEG     to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTPOS     to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTVC      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BSTVS      to InstructionFormat.from("N,<a"),
+    Opcode.BEQR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<a"),
+    Opcode.BEQ        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BNER       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<a"),
+    Opcode.BNE        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGTR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGT        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BLT        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGTSR      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGTS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BLTS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGER       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGE        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BLE        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGESR      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2,<a"),
+    Opcode.BGES       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
+    Opcode.BLES       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<i,<a"),
     Opcode.SZ         to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2"),
     Opcode.SNZ        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2"),
     Opcode.SEQ        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
@@ -595,66 +554,66 @@ val instructionFormats = mutableMapOf(
     Opcode.SGE        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
     Opcode.SGES       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
     Opcode.INC        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1      | F,<>fr1"),
-    Opcode.INCM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v        | F,<v"),
+    Opcode.INCM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a       | F,<>a"),
     Opcode.DEC        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1      | F,<>fr1"),
-    Opcode.DECM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v        | F,<v"),
+    Opcode.DECM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a       | F,<>a"),
     Opcode.NEG        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1      | F,<>fr1"),
-    Opcode.NEGM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v        | F,<v"),
+    Opcode.NEGM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a       | F,<>a"),
     Opcode.ADDR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2  | F,<>fr1,<fr2"),
-    Opcode.ADD        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v   | F,<>fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.ADDM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v    | F,<fr1,<v"),
+    Opcode.ADD        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i   | F,<>fr1,<i"),
+    Opcode.ADDM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a   | F,<fr1,<>a"),
     Opcode.SUBR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2  | F,<>fr1,<fr2"),
-    Opcode.SUB        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v   | F,<>fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.SUBM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v    | F,<fr1,<v"),
+    Opcode.SUB        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i   | F,<>fr1,<i"),
+    Opcode.SUBM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a   | F,<fr1,<>a"),
     Opcode.MULR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2  | F,<>fr1,<fr2"),
-    Opcode.MUL        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v   | F,<>fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.MULM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v    | F,<fr1,<v"),
+    Opcode.MUL        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i   | F,<>fr1,<i"),
+    Opcode.MULM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a   | F,<fr1,<>a"),
     Opcode.DIVR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.DIV        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.DIVM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.DIV        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i"),
+    Opcode.DIVM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.DIVSR      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2  | F,<>fr1,<fr2"),
-    Opcode.DIVS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v   | F,<>fr1,<v"),
-    Opcode.DIVSM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v    | F,<fr1,<v"),
+    Opcode.DIVS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i   | F,<>fr1,<i"),
+    Opcode.DIVSM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a   | F,<fr1,<>a"),
     Opcode.SQRT       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2   | F,>fr1,<fr2"),
     Opcode.SGN        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2   | F,>fr1,<fr2"),
     Opcode.MODR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.MOD        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.MOD        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i"),
     Opcode.DIVMODR    to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.DIVMOD     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.DIVMOD     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i"),
     Opcode.CMP        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<r2"),
     Opcode.EXT        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
     Opcode.EXTS       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
     Opcode.ANDR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.AND        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.ANDM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.AND        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i"),
+    Opcode.ANDM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.ORR        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.OR         to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.ORM        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.OR         to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i"),
+    Opcode.ORM        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.XORR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.XOR        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<v"),
-    Opcode.XORM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.XOR        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<i"),
+    Opcode.XORM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.INV        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.INVM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.INVM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.ASRN       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.ASRNM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.ASRNM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.LSRN       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.LSRNM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.LSRNM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.LSLN       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.LSLNM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<v"),
+    Opcode.LSLNM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1,<>a"),
     Opcode.ASR        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.ASRM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.ASRM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.LSR        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.LSRM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.LSRM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.LSL        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.LSLM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.LSLM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.ROR        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.RORM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.RORM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.ROXR       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.ROXRM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.ROXRM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.ROL        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.ROLM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.ROLM       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
     Opcode.ROXL       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1"),
-    Opcode.ROXLM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<v"),
+    Opcode.ROXLM      to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>a"),
 
     Opcode.FFROMUB    to InstructionFormat.from("F,>fr1,<r1"),
     Opcode.FFROMSB    to InstructionFormat.from("F,>fr1,<r1"),
@@ -678,16 +637,23 @@ val instructionFormats = mutableMapOf(
     Opcode.FCEIL      to InstructionFormat.from("F,>fr1,<fr2"),
 
     Opcode.MSIG       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1,<r2"),
-    Opcode.PUSH       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1"),
-    Opcode.POP        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1"),
+    Opcode.PUSH       to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<r1       | F,<fr1"),
+    Opcode.POP        to InstructionFormat.from("BW,>r1       | F,>fr1"),
     Opcode.CONCAT     to InstructionFormat.from("BW,<>r1,<r2"),
     Opcode.CLC        to InstructionFormat.from("N"),
     Opcode.SEC        to InstructionFormat.from("N"),
     Opcode.BREAKPOINT to InstructionFormat.from("N"),
-    Opcode.BINARYDATA to InstructionFormat.from("N"),
 )
 
 
+class FunctionCallArgs(
+    var arguments: List<ArgumentSpec>,
+    val returns: RegSpec?
+) {
+    class RegSpec(val dt: IRDataType, val registerNum: Int, val cpuRegister: RegisterOrStatusflag?)
+    class ArgumentSpec(val name: String, val address: Int?, val reg: RegSpec)
+}
+
 data class IRInstruction(
     val opcode: Opcode,
     val type: IRDataType?=null,
@@ -695,11 +661,12 @@ data class IRInstruction(
     val reg2: Int?=null,        // 0-$ffff
     val fpReg1: Int?=null,      // 0-$ffff
     val fpReg2: Int?=null,      // 0-$ffff
-    val value: Int?=null,       // 0-$ffff
-    val fpValue: Float?=null,
-    val labelSymbol: String?=null,          // symbolic label name as alternative to value (so only for Branch/jump/call Instructions!)
-    val binaryData: Collection<UByte>?=null,
-    var branchTarget: IRCodeChunkBase? = null    // will be linked after loading
+    val immediate: Int?=null,   // 0-$ff or $ffff if word
+    val immediateFp: Float?=null,
+    val address: Int?=null,       // 0-$ffff
+    val labelSymbol: String?=null,          // symbolic label name as alternative to address (so only for Branch/jump/call Instructions!)
+    var branchTarget: IRCodeChunkBase? = null,    // Will be linked after loading in IRProgram.linkChunks()! This is the chunk that the branch labelSymbol points to.
+    val fcallArgs: FunctionCallArgs? = null       // will be set for the CALL and SYSCALL instructions.
 ) {
     // reg1 and fpreg1 can be IN/OUT/INOUT (all others are readonly INPUT)
     // This knowledge is useful in IL assembly optimizers to see how registers are used.
@@ -715,17 +682,6 @@ data class IRInstruction(
         require(fpReg1==null || fpReg1 in 0..65536) {"fpReg1 out of bounds"}
         require(fpReg2==null || fpReg2 in 0..65536) {"fpReg2 out of bounds"}
         if(reg1!=null && reg2!=null) require(reg1!=reg2) {"reg1 must not be same as reg2"}  // note: this is ok for fpRegs as these are always the same type
-        if(value!=null && opcode !in OpcodesWithMemoryAddressAsValue) {
-            when (type) {
-                IRDataType.BYTE -> require(value in -128..255) {"value out of range for byte: $value"}
-                IRDataType.WORD -> require(value in -32768..65535) {"value out of range for word: $value"}
-                IRDataType.FLOAT, null -> {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        require((opcode==Opcode.BINARYDATA && binaryData!=null) || (opcode!=Opcode.BINARYDATA && binaryData==null)) {
-            "binarydata inconsistency"
-        }
 
         val formats = instructionFormats.getValue(opcode)
         require (type != null || formats.containsKey(null)) { "missing type" }
@@ -739,65 +695,108 @@ data class IRInstruction(
         if(format.reg2==OperandDirection.UNUSED) require(reg2==null) { "invalid reg2" }
         if(format.fpReg1==OperandDirection.UNUSED) require(fpReg1==null) { "invalid fpReg1" }
         if(format.fpReg2==OperandDirection.UNUSED) require(fpReg2==null) { "invalid fpReg2" }
-
-        if (type==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if(format.fpValueIn) require(fpValue!=null || labelSymbol!=null) {"missing a fp-value or labelsymbol"}
-        } else {
-            if(format.valueIn) require(value!=null || labelSymbol!=null) {"missing a value or labelsymbol"}
-            require(fpReg1==null && fpReg2==null) {"integer point instruction can't use floating point registers"}
+        if(format.immediate) {
+            if(type==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                require(immediateFp !=null) {"missing immediate fp value"}
+            else
+                require(immediate!=null || labelSymbol!=null) {"missing immediate value or labelsymbol"}
+        }
+        if(type!=IRDataType.FLOAT)
+            require(fpReg1==null && fpReg2==null) {"int instruction can't use fp reg"}
+        if(format.address!=OperandDirection.UNUSED)
+            require(address!=null || labelSymbol!=null) {"missing an address or labelsymbol"}
+        if(format.immediate && (immediate!=null || immediateFp!=null)) {
+            if(opcode!=Opcode.SYSCALL) {
+                when (type) {
+                    IRDataType.BYTE -> require(immediate in -128..255) { "immediate value out of range for byte: $immediate" }
+                    IRDataType.WORD -> require(immediate in -32768..65535) { "immediate value out of range for word: $immediate" }
+                    IRDataType.FLOAT, null -> {}
+                }
+            }
         }
-
-
         reg1direction = format.reg1
         reg2direction = format.reg2
         fpReg1direction = format.fpReg1
         fpReg2direction = format.fpReg2
 
-        if(opcode in setOf(Opcode.BEQ, Opcode.BNE,
-                Opcode.BGT, Opcode.BGTS,
-                Opcode.BGE, Opcode.BGES,
-                Opcode.SEQ, Opcode.SNE, Opcode.SLT, Opcode.SLTS,
-                Opcode.SGT, Opcode.SGTS, Opcode.SLE, Opcode.SLES,
-                Opcode.SGE, Opcode.SGES)) {
-            if(type==IRDataType.FLOAT)
-                require(fpReg1!=fpReg2) {"$opcode: fpReg1 and fpReg2 should be different"}
-            else
-                require(reg1!=reg2) {"$opcode: reg1 and reg2 should be different"}
+        if(opcode==Opcode.SYSCALL) {
+            require(immediate!=null) {
+                "syscall needs immediate integer for the syscall number"
+            }
         }
     }
 
     fun addUsedRegistersCounts(
-        readRegs: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
-        writeRegs: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
-        readFpRegs: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
-        writeFpRegs: MutableMap<Int, Int>
+        readRegsCounts: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
+        writeRegsCounts: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
+        readFpRegsCounts: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
+        writeFpRegsCounts: MutableMap<Int, Int>,
+        regsTypes: MutableMap<Int, MutableSet<IRDataType>>
     ) {
         when (this.reg1direction) {
             OperandDirection.UNUSED -> {}
-            OperandDirection.READ -> readRegs[this.reg1!!] = readRegs.getValue(this.reg1)+1
-            OperandDirection.WRITE -> writeRegs[this.reg1!!] = writeRegs.getValue(this.reg1)+1
+            OperandDirection.READ -> {
+                readRegsCounts[this.reg1!!] = readRegsCounts.getValue(this.reg1)+1
+                if(type!=null) {
+                    var types = regsTypes[this.reg1]
+                    if(types==null) types = mutableSetOf()
+                    types += type
+                    regsTypes[this.reg1] = types
+                }
+            }
+            OperandDirection.WRITE -> {
+                writeRegsCounts[this.reg1!!] = writeRegsCounts.getValue(this.reg1)+1
+                if(type!=null) {
+                    var types = regsTypes[this.reg1]
+                    if(types==null) types = mutableSetOf()
+                    types += type
+                    regsTypes[this.reg1] = types
+                }
+            }
             OperandDirection.READWRITE -> {
-                readRegs[this.reg1!!] = readRegs.getValue(this.reg1)+1
-                writeRegs[this.reg1] = writeRegs.getValue(this.reg1)+1
+                readRegsCounts[this.reg1!!] = readRegsCounts.getValue(this.reg1)+1
+                if(type!=null) {
+                    var types = regsTypes[this.reg1]
+                    if(types==null) types = mutableSetOf()
+                    types += type
+                    regsTypes[this.reg1] = types
+                }
+                writeRegsCounts[this.reg1] = writeRegsCounts.getValue(this.reg1)+1
+                if(type!=null) {
+                    var types = regsTypes[this.reg1]
+                    if(types==null) types = mutableSetOf()
+                    types += type
+                    regsTypes[this.reg1] = types
+                }
             }
         }
         when (this.reg2direction) {
             OperandDirection.UNUSED -> {}
-            OperandDirection.READ -> writeRegs[this.reg2!!] = writeRegs.getValue(this.reg2)+1
+            OperandDirection.READ -> {
+                writeRegsCounts[this.reg2!!] = writeRegsCounts.getValue(this.reg2)+1
+                if(type!=null) {
+                    var types = regsTypes[this.reg2]
+                    if(types==null) types = mutableSetOf()
+                    types += type
+                    regsTypes[this.reg2] = types
+                }
+            }
             else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("reg2 can only be read")
         }
         when (this.fpReg1direction) {
             OperandDirection.UNUSED -> {}
-            OperandDirection.READ -> readFpRegs[this.fpReg1!!] = readFpRegs.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
-            OperandDirection.WRITE -> writeFpRegs[this.fpReg1!!] = writeFpRegs.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
+            OperandDirection.READ -> {
+                readFpRegsCounts[this.fpReg1!!] = readFpRegsCounts.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
+            }
+            OperandDirection.WRITE -> writeFpRegsCounts[this.fpReg1!!] = writeFpRegsCounts.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
             OperandDirection.READWRITE -> {
-                readFpRegs[this.fpReg1!!] = readFpRegs.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
-                writeFpRegs[this.fpReg1] = writeFpRegs.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
+                readFpRegsCounts[this.fpReg1!!] = readFpRegsCounts.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
+                writeFpRegsCounts[this.fpReg1] = writeFpRegsCounts.getValue(this.fpReg1)+1
             }
         }
         when (this.fpReg2direction) {
             OperandDirection.UNUSED -> {}
-            OperandDirection.READ -> readFpRegs[this.fpReg2!!] = readFpRegs.getValue(this.fpReg2)+1
+            OperandDirection.READ -> readFpRegsCounts[this.fpReg2!!] = readFpRegsCounts.getValue(this.fpReg2)+1
             else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("fpReg2 can only be read")
         }
     }
@@ -811,32 +810,84 @@ data class IRInstruction(
             IRDataType.FLOAT -> result.add(".f ")
             else -> result.add(" ")
         }
-        reg1?.let {
-            result.add("r$it")
-            result.add(",")
-        }
-        reg2?.let {
-            result.add("r$it")
-            result.add(",")
-        }
-        fpReg1?.let {
-            result.add("fr$it")
-            result.add(",")
-        }
-        fpReg2?.let {
-            result.add("fr$it")
-            result.add(",")
-        }
-        value?.let {
-            result.add(it.toHex())
-            result.add(",")
-        }
-        fpValue?.let {
-            result.add(it.toString())
-            result.add(",")
-        }
-        labelSymbol?.let {
-            result.add(it)
+
+        if(this.fcallArgs!=null) {
+            immediate?.let { result.add(it.toHex()) }       // syscall
+            labelSymbol?.let { result.add(it) }             // regular subroutine call
+            address?.let { result.add(address.toHex()) }    // romcall
+            result.add("(")
+            fcallArgs.arguments.forEach {
+                val location = if(it.address==null) {
+                    if(it.name.isBlank()) "" else it.name+"="
+                } else "${it.address}="
+
+                val cpuReg = if(it.reg.cpuRegister==null) "" else {
+                    if(it.reg.cpuRegister.registerOrPair!=null)
+                        "@"+it.reg.cpuRegister.registerOrPair.toString()
+                    else
+                        "@"+it.reg.cpuRegister.statusflag.toString()
+                }
+
+                when(it.reg.dt) {
+                    IRDataType.BYTE -> result.add("${location}r${it.reg.registerNum}.b$cpuReg,")
+                    IRDataType.WORD -> result.add("${location}r${it.reg.registerNum}.w$cpuReg,")
+                    IRDataType.FLOAT -> result.add("${location}fr${it.reg.registerNum}.f$cpuReg,")
+                }
+            }
+            if(result.last().endsWith(',')) {
+                result.add(result.removeLast().trimEnd(','))
+            }
+            result.add(")")
+            val returns = fcallArgs.returns
+            if(returns!=null) {
+                result.add(":")
+                when (returns.dt) {
+                    IRDataType.BYTE -> result.add("r${returns.registerNum}.b")
+                    IRDataType.WORD -> result.add("r${returns.registerNum}.w")
+                    IRDataType.FLOAT -> result.add("fr${returns.registerNum}.f")
+                }
+                if(returns.cpuRegister!=null) {
+                    val cpuReg =
+                        if(returns.cpuRegister.registerOrPair!=null)
+                            returns.cpuRegister.registerOrPair.toString()
+                        else
+                            returns.cpuRegister.statusflag.toString()
+                    result.add("@"+cpuReg)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+
+            reg1?.let {
+                result.add("r$it")
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            reg2?.let {
+                result.add("r$it")
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            fpReg1?.let {
+                result.add("fr$it")
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            fpReg2?.let {
+                result.add("fr$it")
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            immediate?.let {
+                result.add(it.toHex())
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            immediateFp?.let {
+                result.add(it.toString())
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            address?.let {
+                result.add(it.toHex())
+                result.add(",")
+            }
+            labelSymbol?.let {
+                result.add(it)
+            }
         }
         if(result.last() == ",")
             result.removeLast()

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/IRProgram.kt

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class IRProgram(val name: String,
     }
 
     fun addBlock(block: IRBlock) {
-        require(blocks.all { it.name != block.name}) { "duplicate block ${block.name} ${block.position}" }
+        require(blocks.all { it.label != block.label}) { "duplicate block ${block.label} ${block.position}" }
         blocks.add(block)
     }
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class IRProgram(val name: String,
 
                         // link all jump and branching instructions to their target
                         chunk.instructions.forEach {
-                            if(it.opcode in OpcodesThatBranch && it.opcode!=Opcode.RETURN && it.opcode!=Opcode.RETURNREG && it.labelSymbol!=null)
+                            if(it.opcode in OpcodesThatBranch && it.opcode!=Opcode.RETURN && it.opcode!=Opcode.RETURNR && it.labelSymbol!=null)
                                 it.branchTarget = labeledChunks.getValue(it.labelSymbol)
                             // note: branches with an address value cannot be linked to something...
                         }
@@ -170,7 +170,10 @@ class IRProgram(val name: String,
     fun validate() {
         blocks.forEach { block ->
             if(block.isNotEmpty()) {
-                block.children.filterIsInstance<IRInlineAsmChunk>().forEach { chunk -> require(chunk.instructions.isEmpty()) }
+                block.children.filterIsInstance<IRInlineAsmChunk>().forEach { chunk ->
+                    require(chunk.instructions.isEmpty())
+                    require(!chunk.isIR) { "inline IR-asm should have been converted into regular code chunk"}
+                }
                 block.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>().forEach { sub ->
                     if(sub.chunks.isNotEmpty()) {
                         require(sub.chunks.first().label == sub.label) { "first chunk in subroutine should have sub name (label) as its label" }
@@ -179,15 +182,18 @@ class IRProgram(val name: String,
                         if (chunk is IRCodeChunk) {
                             require(chunk.instructions.isNotEmpty() || chunk.label != null)
                             if(chunk.instructions.lastOrNull()?.opcode in OpcodesThatJump)
-                                require(chunk.next == null) { "chunk ending with a jump shouldn't be linked to next" }
+                                require(chunk.next == null) { "chunk ending with a jump or return shouldn't be linked to next" }
                             else {
                                 // if chunk is NOT the last in the block, it needs to link to next.
                                 val isLast = sub.chunks.last() === chunk
                                 require(isLast || chunk.next != null) { "chunk needs to be linked to next" }
                             }
                         }
-                        else
+                        else {
                             require(chunk.instructions.isEmpty())
+                            if(chunk is IRInlineAsmChunk)
+                                require(!chunk.isIR) { "inline IR-asm should have been converted into regular code chunk"}
+                        }
                         chunk.instructions.forEach {
                             if(it.labelSymbol!=null && it.opcode in OpcodesThatBranch)
                                 require(it.branchTarget != null) { "branching instruction to label should have branchTarget set" }
@@ -199,19 +205,29 @@ class IRProgram(val name: String,
     }
 
     fun registersUsed(): RegistersUsed {
-        val readRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        val readFpRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        val writeRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        val writeFpRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val readRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val regsTypes = mutableMapOf<Int, MutableSet<IRDataType>>()
+        val readFpRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val writeRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val writeFpRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
 
         fun addUsed(usedRegisters: RegistersUsed) {
-            usedRegisters.readRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> readRegs[reg] = readRegs.getValue(reg) + count }
-            usedRegisters.writeRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> writeRegs[reg] = writeRegs.getValue(reg) + count }
-            usedRegisters.readFpRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> readFpRegs[reg] = readFpRegs.getValue(reg) + count }
-            usedRegisters.writeFpRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> writeFpRegs[reg] = writeFpRegs.getValue(reg) + count }
+            usedRegisters.readRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> readRegsCounts[reg] = readRegsCounts.getValue(reg) + count }
+            usedRegisters.writeRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> writeRegsCounts[reg] = writeRegsCounts.getValue(reg) + count }
+            usedRegisters.readFpRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> readFpRegsCounts[reg] = readFpRegsCounts.getValue(reg) + count }
+            usedRegisters.writeFpRegs.forEach{ (reg, count) -> writeFpRegsCounts[reg] = writeFpRegsCounts.getValue(reg) + count }
+            usedRegisters.regsTypes.forEach{ (reg, types) ->
+                var t = regsTypes[reg]
+                if(t==null) t = mutableSetOf()
+                t += types
+                regsTypes[reg] = t
+            }
+        }
+
+        globalInits.instructions.forEach {
+            it.addUsedRegistersCounts(readRegsCounts, writeRegsCounts, readFpRegsCounts, writeFpRegsCounts, regsTypes)
         }
 
-        globalInits.instructions.forEach { it.addUsedRegistersCounts(readRegs, writeRegs, readFpRegs, writeFpRegs) }
         blocks.forEach {block ->
             block.children.forEach { child ->
                 when(child) {
@@ -223,14 +239,74 @@ class IRProgram(val name: String,
                 }
             }
         }
+        return RegistersUsed(readRegsCounts, writeRegsCounts, readFpRegsCounts, writeFpRegsCounts, regsTypes)
+    }
 
-        return RegistersUsed(readRegs, writeRegs, readFpRegs, writeFpRegs)
+    fun convertAsmChunks() {
+        fun convert(asmChunk: IRInlineAsmChunk): IRCodeChunks {
+            val chunks = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+            var chunk = IRCodeChunk(asmChunk.label, null)
+            asmChunk.assembly.lineSequence().forEach {
+                val parsed = parseIRCodeLine(it.trim())
+                parsed.fold(
+                    ifLeft = { instruction -> chunk += instruction },
+                    ifRight = { label ->
+                        val lastChunk = chunk
+                        if(chunk.isNotEmpty() || chunk.label!=null)
+                            chunks += chunk
+                        chunk = IRCodeChunk(label, null)
+                        val lastInstr = lastChunk.instructions.lastOrNull()
+                        if(lastInstr==null || lastInstr.opcode !in OpcodesThatJump)
+                            lastChunk.next = chunk
+                    }
+                )
+            }
+            if(chunk.isNotEmpty() || chunk.label!=null)
+                chunks += chunk
+            chunks.lastOrNull()?.let {
+                val lastInstr = it.instructions.lastOrNull()
+                if(lastInstr==null || lastInstr.opcode !in OpcodesThatJump)
+                    it.next = asmChunk.next
+            }
+            return chunks
+        }
+
+        blocks.forEach { block ->
+            val chunkReplacementsInBlock = mutableListOf<Pair<IRCodeChunkBase, IRCodeChunks>>()
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRInlineAsmChunk>().forEach { asmchunk ->
+                if(asmchunk.isIR) chunkReplacementsInBlock += asmchunk to convert(asmchunk)
+                // non-IR asm cannot be converted
+            }
+            chunkReplacementsInBlock.reversed().forEach { (old, new) ->
+                val index = block.children.indexOf(old)
+                block.children.removeAt(index)
+                new.reversed().forEach { block.children.add(index, it) }
+            }
+            chunkReplacementsInBlock.clear()
+
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>().forEach { sub ->
+                val chunkReplacementsInSub = mutableListOf<Pair<IRCodeChunkBase, IRCodeChunks>>()
+                sub.chunks.filterIsInstance<IRInlineAsmChunk>().forEach { asmchunk ->
+                    if(asmchunk.isIR) chunkReplacementsInSub += asmchunk to convert(asmchunk)
+                    // non-IR asm cannot be converted
+                }
+
+                chunkReplacementsInSub.reversed().forEach { (old, new) ->
+                    val index = sub.chunks.indexOf(old)
+                    sub.chunks.removeAt(index)
+                    new.reversed().forEach { sub.chunks.add(index, it) }
+                }
+                chunkReplacementsInSub.clear()
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
 class IRBlock(
-    val name: String,
+    val label: String,
     val address: UInt?,
+    val library: Boolean,
+    val forceOutput: Boolean,
     val alignment: BlockAlignment,
     val position: Position
 ) {
@@ -333,12 +409,13 @@ class IRCodeChunk(label: String?, next: IRCodeChunkBase?): IRCodeChunkBase(label
     override fun isEmpty() = instructions.isEmpty()
     override fun isNotEmpty() = instructions.isNotEmpty()
     override fun usedRegisters(): RegistersUsed {
-        val readRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        val readFpRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        val writeRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        val writeFpRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-        instructions.forEach { it.addUsedRegistersCounts(readRegs, writeRegs, readFpRegs, writeFpRegs) }
-        return RegistersUsed(readRegs, writeRegs, readFpRegs, writeFpRegs)
+        val readRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val regsTypes = mutableMapOf<Int, MutableSet<IRDataType>>()
+        val readFpRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val writeRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        val writeFpRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+        instructions.forEach { it.addUsedRegistersCounts(readRegsCounts, writeRegsCounts, readFpRegsCounts, writeFpRegsCounts, regsTypes) }
+        return RegistersUsed(readRegsCounts, writeRegsCounts, readFpRegsCounts, writeFpRegsCounts, regsTypes)
     }
 
     operator fun plusAssign(ins: IRInstruction) {
@@ -373,7 +450,7 @@ class IRInlineBinaryChunk(label: String?,
     // note: no instructions, data is in the property
     override fun isEmpty() = data.isEmpty()
     override fun isNotEmpty() = data.isNotEmpty()
-    override fun usedRegisters() = RegistersUsed(emptyMap(), emptyMap(), emptyMap(), emptyMap())
+    override fun usedRegisters() = RegistersUsed(emptyMap(), emptyMap(), emptyMap(), emptyMap(), emptyMap())
 }
 
 typealias IRCodeChunks = List<IRCodeChunkBase>
@@ -384,9 +461,11 @@ class RegistersUsed(
     val writeRegs: Map<Int, Int>,
     val readFpRegs: Map<Int, Int>,
     val writeFpRegs: Map<Int, Int>,
+    val regsTypes: Map<Int, Set<IRDataType>>
 ) {
+
     override fun toString(): String {
-        return "read=$readRegs, write=$writeRegs, readFp=$readFpRegs, writeFp=$writeFpRegs"
+        return "read=$readRegs, write=$writeRegs, readFp=$readFpRegs, writeFp=$writeFpRegs, types=$regsTypes"
     }
 
     fun isEmpty() = readRegs.isEmpty() && writeRegs.isEmpty() && readFpRegs.isEmpty() && writeFpRegs.isEmpty()
@@ -394,20 +473,23 @@ class RegistersUsed(
 }
 
 private fun registersUsedInAssembly(isIR: Boolean, assembly: String): RegistersUsed {
-    val readRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-    val readFpRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-    val writeRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
-    val writeFpRegs = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+    val readRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+    val regsTypes = mutableMapOf<Int, MutableSet<IRDataType>>()
+    val readFpRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+    val writeRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
+    val writeFpRegsCounts = mutableMapOf<Int, Int>().withDefault { 0 }
 
     if(isIR) {
         assembly.lineSequence().forEach { line ->
-            val result = parseIRCodeLine(line.trim(), null, mutableMapOf())
-            result.fold(
-                ifLeft = { it.addUsedRegistersCounts(readRegs, writeRegs, readFpRegs, writeFpRegs) },
-                ifRight = { /* labels can be skipped */ }
-            )
+            val t = line.trim()
+            if(t.isNotEmpty()) {
+                val result = parseIRCodeLine(t)
+                result.fold(
+                    ifLeft = { it.addUsedRegistersCounts(readRegsCounts, writeRegsCounts,readFpRegsCounts, writeFpRegsCounts, regsTypes) },
+                    ifRight = { /* labels can be skipped */ }
+                )
+            }
         }
     }
-
-    return RegistersUsed(readRegs, writeRegs, readFpRegs, writeFpRegs)
+    return RegistersUsed(readRegsCounts, writeRegsCounts, readFpRegsCounts, writeFpRegsCounts, regsTypes)
 }

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/IRSymbolTable.kt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import prog8.code.*
 import prog8.code.ast.PtVariable
 import prog8.code.core.DataType
 import prog8.code.core.ZeropageWish
+import prog8.code.core.internedStringsModuleName
 
 
 // In the Intermediate Representation, all nesting has been removed.
@@ -120,4 +121,15 @@ class IRSymbolTable(sourceSt: SymbolTable?) {
     }
 
     fun getAsmSymbols(): Map<String, String> = asmSymbols
+
+    fun removeTree(label: String) {
+        val prefix = "$label."
+        val vars = table.filter { it.key.startsWith(prefix) }
+        vars.forEach {
+            // check if attempt is made to delete interned strings, if so, refuse that.
+            if(!it.key.startsWith(internedStringsModuleName)) {
+                table.remove(it.key)
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

intermediate/src/prog8/intermediate/Utils.kt

@@ -1,56 +1,49 @@
 package prog8.intermediate
 
 import prog8.code.*
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
+import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
-fun getTypeString(dt : DataType): String {
-    return when(dt) {
-        DataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
-        DataType.BYTE -> "byte"
-        DataType.UWORD -> "uword"
-        DataType.WORD -> "word"
-        DataType.FLOAT -> "float"
-        DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte[]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte[]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword[]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word[]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float[]"
-        else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-    }
+fun getTypeString(dt : DataType): String = when(dt) {
+    DataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
+    DataType.BYTE -> "byte"
+    DataType.UWORD -> "uword"
+    DataType.WORD -> "word"
+    DataType.FLOAT -> "float"
+    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte[]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte[]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword[]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word[]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float[]"
+    else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
 }
 
-fun getTypeString(memvar: StMemVar): String {
-    return when(memvar.dt) {
-        DataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
-        DataType.BYTE -> "byte"
-        DataType.UWORD -> "uword"
-        DataType.WORD -> "word"
-        DataType.FLOAT -> "float"
-        DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte[${memvar.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte[${memvar.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword[${memvar.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word[${memvar.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float[${memvar.length}]"
-        else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-    }
+fun getTypeString(memvar: StMemVar): String = when(memvar.dt) {
+    DataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
+    DataType.BYTE -> "byte"
+    DataType.UWORD -> "uword"
+    DataType.WORD -> "word"
+    DataType.FLOAT -> "float"
+    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte[${memvar.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte[${memvar.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword[${memvar.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word[${memvar.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float[${memvar.length}]"
+    else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
 }
 
-fun getTypeString(variable : StStaticVariable): String {
-    return when(variable.dt) {
-        DataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
-        DataType.BYTE -> "byte"
-        DataType.UWORD -> "uword"
-        DataType.WORD -> "word"
-        DataType.FLOAT -> "float"
-        DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte[${variable.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte[${variable.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword[${variable.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word[${variable.length}]"
-        DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float[${variable.length}]"
-        else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-    }
+fun getTypeString(variable : StStaticVariable): String = when(variable.dt) {
+    DataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
+    DataType.BYTE -> "byte"
+    DataType.UWORD -> "uword"
+    DataType.WORD -> "word"
+    DataType.FLOAT -> "float"
+    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte[${variable.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte[${variable.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword[${variable.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word[${variable.length}]"
+    DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float[${variable.length}]"
+    else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
 }
 
 fun convertIRType(typestr: String): IRDataType? {
@@ -84,9 +77,7 @@ fun parseIRValue(value: String): Float {
 private val instructionPattern = Regex("""([a-z]+)(\.b|\.w|\.f)?(.*)""", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE)
 private val labelPattern = Regex("""_([a-zA-Z\d\._]+):""")
 
-fun parseIRCodeLine(line: String, location: Pair<IRCodeChunk, Int>?, placeholders: MutableMap<Pair<IRCodeChunk, Int>, String>): Either<IRInstruction, String> {
-    // Note: this function is used from multiple places:
-    // the IR File Reader but also the VirtualMachine itself to make sense of any inline vmasm blocks.
+fun parseIRCodeLine(line: String): Either<IRInstruction, String> {
     val labelmatch = labelPattern.matchEntire(line.trim())
     if(labelmatch!=null)
         return right(labelmatch.groupValues[1])     // it's a label.
@@ -101,141 +92,201 @@ fun parseIRCodeLine(line: String, location: Pair<IRCodeChunk, Int>?, placeholder
     }
     var type: IRDataType? = convertIRType(typestr)
     val formats = instructionFormats.getValue(opcode)
-    val format: InstructionFormat
-    if(type !in formats) {
-        type = IRDataType.BYTE
-        format = if(type !in formats)
-            formats.getValue(null)
-        else
+    val format: InstructionFormat =
+        if(type !in formats) {
+            type = IRDataType.BYTE
+            if(type !in formats)
+                formats.getValue(null)
+            else
+                formats.getValue(type)
+        } else {
             formats.getValue(type)
-    } else {
-        format = formats.getValue(type)
-    }
+        }
 
     // parse the operands
-    val operands = rest.lowercase().split(",").toMutableList()
+    val operands = if(rest.isBlank()) emptyList() else rest.split(",").map{ it.trim() }.toMutableList()
     var reg1: Int? = null
     var reg2: Int? = null
-    var reg3: Int? = null
     var fpReg1: Int? = null
     var fpReg2: Int? = null
-    var fpReg3: Int? = null
-    var value: Float? = null
-    var operand: String?
+    var immediateInt: Int? = null
+    var immediateFp: Float? = null
+    var address: Int? = null
     var labelSymbol: String? = null
 
-    fun parseValueOrPlaceholder(operand: String, location: Pair<IRCodeChunk, Int>?, rest: String, restIndex: Int): Float? {
+    fun parseValueOrPlaceholder(operand: String): Float? {
         return if(operand[0].isLetter()) {
-            labelSymbol = rest.split(",")[restIndex].trim()
-            if(location!=null)
-                placeholders[location] = labelSymbol!!
             null
         } else {
             parseIRValue(operand)
         }
     }
-
-    if(operands.isNotEmpty() && operands[0].isNotEmpty()) {
-        operand = operands.removeFirst().trim()
-        if(operand[0]=='r')
-            reg1 = operand.substring(1).toInt()
-        else if(operand[0]=='f' && operand[1]=='r')
-            fpReg1 = operand.substring(2).toInt()
-        else {
-            value = parseValueOrPlaceholder(operand, location, rest, 0)
-            operands.clear()
-        }
-        if(operands.isNotEmpty()) {
-            operand = operands.removeFirst().trim()
-            if(operand[0]=='r')
-                reg2 = operand.substring(1).toInt()
-            else if(operand[0]=='f' && operand[1]=='r')
-                fpReg2 = operand.substring(2).toInt()
-            else {
-                value = parseValueOrPlaceholder(operand, location, rest, 1)
-                operands.clear()
-            }
-            if(operands.isNotEmpty()) {
-                operand = operands.removeFirst().trim()
-                if(operand[0]=='r')
-                    reg3 = operand.substring(1).toInt()
-                else if(operand[0]=='f' && operand[1]=='r')
-                    fpReg3 = operand.substring(2).toInt()
-                else {
-                    value = parseValueOrPlaceholder(operand, location, rest, 2)
-                    operands.clear()
-                }
-                if(operands.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    throw IRParseException("unexpected even more operands? $operands  rest=$rest'")
+    if(format.sysCall) {
+        val call = parseCall(rest)
+        val syscallNum = parseIRValue(call.target).toInt()
+        return left(IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, immediate = syscallNum, fcallArgs = FunctionCallArgs(call.args, call.returns)))
+    } else if (format.funcCall) {
+        val call = parseCall(rest)
+        return left(IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol = call.target, fcallArgs = FunctionCallArgs(call.args, call.returns)))
+    } else {
+        operands.forEach { oper ->
+            if (oper[0] == '&')
+                throw IRParseException("address-of should be done with normal LOAD <symbol>")
+            else if (oper[0] in "rR") {
+                if (reg1 == null) reg1 = oper.substring(1).toInt()
+                else if (reg2 == null) reg2 = oper.substring(1).toInt()
+                else throw IRParseException("too many register operands")
+            } else if (oper[0] in "fF" && oper[1] in "rR") {
+                if (fpReg1 == null) fpReg1 = oper.substring(2).toInt()
+                else if (fpReg2 == null) fpReg2 = oper.substring(2).toInt()
+                else throw IRParseException("too many fp register operands")
+            } else if (oper[0].isDigit() || oper[0] == '$' || oper[0] == '%' || oper[0] == '-' || oper.startsWith("0x")) {
+                val value = parseIRValue(oper)
+                if (format.immediate) {
+                    if (immediateInt == null && immediateFp == null) {
+                        if (type == IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                            immediateFp = value
+                        else
+                            immediateInt = value.toInt()
+                    } else {
+                        address = value.toInt()
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    address = value.toInt()
                 }
+            } else {
+                if (!oper[0].isLetter())
+                    throw IRParseException("expected symbol name: $oper")
+                labelSymbol = oper
+                val value = parseValueOrPlaceholder(oper)
+                if (value != null)
+                    address = value.toInt()
             }
         }
     }
 
-    // shift the operands back into place
-    while(reg1==null && reg2!=null) {
-        reg1 = reg2
-        reg2 = reg3
-        reg3 = null
-    }
-    while(fpReg1==null && fpReg2!=null) {
-        fpReg1 = fpReg2
-        fpReg2 = fpReg3
-        fpReg3 = null
-    }
-    if(reg3!=null)
-        throw IRParseException("too many reg arguments $line")
-    if(fpReg3!=null)
-        throw IRParseException("too many fpreg arguments $line")
-
     if(type!=null && type !in formats)
         throw IRParseException("invalid type code for $line")
     if(format.reg1!=OperandDirection.UNUSED && reg1==null)
         throw IRParseException("needs reg1 for $line")
     if(format.reg2!=OperandDirection.UNUSED && reg2==null)
         throw IRParseException("needs reg2 for $line")
-    if(format.valueIn && value==null && labelSymbol==null)
-        throw IRParseException("needs value or symbol for $line")
+    if(format.fpReg1!=OperandDirection.UNUSED && fpReg1==null)
+        throw IRParseException("needs fpReg1 for $line")
+    if(format.fpReg2!=OperandDirection.UNUSED && fpReg2==null)
+        throw IRParseException("needs fpReg2 for $line")
+    if(format.address!=OperandDirection.UNUSED && address==null && labelSymbol==null)
+        throw IRParseException("needs address or symbol for $line")
     if(format.reg1==OperandDirection.UNUSED && reg1!=null)
         throw IRParseException("invalid reg1 for $line")
     if(format.reg2==OperandDirection.UNUSED && reg2!=null)
         throw IRParseException("invalid reg2 for $line")
-    if(value!=null && opcode !in OpcodesWithMemoryAddressAsValue) {
+    if(format.fpReg1==OperandDirection.UNUSED && fpReg1!=null)
+        throw IRParseException("invalid fpReg1 for $line")
+    if(format.fpReg2==OperandDirection.UNUSED && fpReg2!=null)
+        throw IRParseException("invalid fpReg2 for $line")
+    if(format.immediate && opcode!=Opcode.SYSCALL) {
+        if(immediateInt==null && immediateFp==null && labelSymbol==null)
+            throw IRParseException("needs value or symbol for $line")
         when (type) {
             IRDataType.BYTE -> {
-                if (value < -128 || value > 255)
-                    throw IRParseException("value out of range for byte: $value")
+                if (immediateInt!=null && (immediateInt!! < -128 || immediateInt!! > 255))
+                    throw IRParseException("immediate value out of range for byte: $immediateInt")
             }
             IRDataType.WORD -> {
-                if (value < -32768 || value > 65535)
-                    throw IRParseException("value out of range for word: $value")
+                if (immediateInt!=null && (immediateInt!! < -32768 || immediateInt!! > 65535))
+                    throw IRParseException("immediate value out of range for word: $immediateInt")
             }
             IRDataType.FLOAT -> {}
             null -> {}
         }
     }
-    var floatValue: Float? = null
-    var intValue: Int? = null
 
-    if(format.valueIn && value!=null)
-        intValue = value.toInt()
-    if(format.fpValueIn && value!=null)
-        floatValue = value
+    if(format.address!=OperandDirection.UNUSED && address==null && labelSymbol==null)
+        throw IRParseException("requires address or symbol for $line")
 
-    if(opcode in OpcodesForCpuRegisters) {
-        val reg = rest.split(',').last().lowercase().trim()
-        if(reg !in setOf(
-                "a", "x", "y",
-                "ax", "ay", "xy",
-                "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3",
-                "r4", "r5", "r6", "r7",
-                "r8", "r9", "r10","r11",
-                "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15",
-                "pc", "pz", "pv","pn"))
-            throw IRParseException("invalid cpu reg: $reg")
-
-        return left(IRInstruction(opcode, type, reg1, labelSymbol = reg))
+    if(labelSymbol!=null) {
+        if (labelSymbol!![0] == 'r' && labelSymbol!![1].isDigit())
+            throw IRParseException("labelsymbol confused with register?: $labelSymbol")
     }
 
-    return left(IRInstruction(opcode, type, reg1, reg2, fpReg1, fpReg2, intValue, floatValue, labelSymbol = labelSymbol))
+    return left(IRInstruction(opcode, type, reg1, reg2, fpReg1, fpReg2, immediateInt, immediateFp, address, labelSymbol = labelSymbol))
+}
+
+private class ParsedCall(
+    val target: String,
+    val args: List<FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec>,
+    val returns: FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec?
+)
+
+private fun parseCall(rest: String): ParsedCall {
+
+    fun parseRegspec(reg: String): FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec {
+        val pattern = Regex("f?r([0-9]+)\\.(.)(@.{1,2})?$")
+        val match = pattern.matchEntire(reg) ?: throw IRParseException("invalid regspec $reg")
+        val num =  match.groups[1]!!.value.toInt()
+        val type = when(match.groups[2]!!.value) {
+            "b" -> IRDataType.BYTE
+            "w" -> IRDataType.WORD
+            "f" -> IRDataType.FLOAT
+            else -> throw IRParseException("invalid type spec in $reg")
+        }
+        val cpuRegister: RegisterOrStatusflag? =
+            if(match.groups[3]!=null) {
+                val cpuRegStr = match.groups[3]!!.value.drop(1)
+                parseRegisterOrStatusflag(cpuRegStr)
+            } else null
+        return FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(type, num, cpuRegister)
+    }
+
+    fun parseArgs(args: String): List<FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec> {
+        if(args.isBlank())
+            return emptyList()
+        return args.split(',').map {
+            if(it.contains('=')) {
+                val (argVar, argReg) = it.split('=')
+                FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec(argVar, null, parseRegspec(argReg))   // address will be set later
+            } else {
+                FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec("", null, parseRegspec(it))   // address will be set later
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    val pattern = Regex("(?<target>.+?)\\((?<arglist>.*?)\\)(:(?<returns>.+?))?")
+    val match = pattern.matchEntire(rest.replace(" ","")) ?: throw IRParseException("invalid call spec $rest")
+    val target = match.groups["target"]!!.value
+    val args = match.groups["arglist"]!!.value
+    val arguments = parseArgs(args)
+    val returns = match.groups["returns"]?.value
+    return ParsedCall(
+        target,
+        arguments,
+        if(returns==null) null else parseRegspec(returns)
+    )
+}
+
+
+internal fun parseRegisterOrStatusflag(regs: String): RegisterOrStatusflag {
+    var reg: RegisterOrPair? = null
+    var sf: Statusflag? = null
+    try {
+        reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regs)
+    } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
+        sf = Statusflag.valueOf(regs)
+    }
+    return RegisterOrStatusflag(reg, sf)
+}
+
+
+fun irType(type: DataType): IRDataType {
+    return when(type) {
+        DataType.BOOL,
+        DataType.UBYTE,
+        DataType.BYTE -> IRDataType.BYTE
+        DataType.UWORD,
+        DataType.WORD -> IRDataType.WORD
+        DataType.FLOAT -> IRDataType.FLOAT
+        in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> IRDataType.WORD
+        else -> throw AssemblyError("no IR datatype for $type")
+    }
 }

intermediate/test/TestIRFileInOut.kt

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ load.b r1,42
 </CODE>
 </INITGLOBALS>
 
-<BLOCK NAME="main" ADDRESS="" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[examples/test.p8: line 2 col 2-5]">
+<BLOCK NAME="main" ADDRESS="" LIBRARY="false" FORCEOUTPUT="false" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[examples/test.p8: line 2 col 2-5]">
 <SUB NAME="main.start" RETURNTYPE="" POS="[examples/test.p8: line 4 col 6-8]">
 <PARAMS>
 </PARAMS>
@@ -85,14 +85,13 @@ return
 </SUB>
 </BLOCK>
 
-<BLOCK NAME="sys" ADDRESS="" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[library:/prog8lib/virtual/syslib.p8: line 3 col 2-4]">
+<BLOCK NAME="sys" ADDRESS="" LIBRARY="false" FORCEOUTPUT="false" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[library:/prog8lib/virtual/syslib.p8: line 3 col 2-4]">
 <SUB NAME="sys.wait" RETURNTYPE="" POS="[library:/prog8lib/virtual/syslib.p8: line 15 col 6-8]">
 <PARAMS>
 uword sys.wait.jiffies
 </PARAMS>
 <INLINEASM LABEL="sys.wait" IR="true" POS="[library:/prog8lib/virtual/syslib.p8: line 17 col 10-13]">
             loadm.w r0,sys.wait.jiffies
-            syscall 13
 </INLINEASM>
 <CODE>
 return

intermediate/test/TestInstructions.kt

@@ -15,35 +15,41 @@ class TestInstructions: FunSpec({
         ins.fpReg1direction shouldBe OperandDirection.UNUSED
         ins.reg1 shouldBe null
         ins.reg2 shouldBe null
-        ins.value shouldBe null
+        ins.address shouldBe null
+        ins.immediate shouldBe null
+        ins.immediateFp shouldBe null
         ins.labelSymbol shouldBe null
         ins.toString() shouldBe "nop"
     }
 
     test("with value") {
-        val ins = IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 99)
-        ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.BZ
+        val ins = IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0, address = 99)
+        ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.BEQ
         ins.type shouldBe IRDataType.BYTE
         ins.reg1direction shouldBe OperandDirection.READ
         ins.fpReg1direction shouldBe OperandDirection.UNUSED
         ins.reg1 shouldBe 42
         ins.reg2 shouldBe null
-        ins.value shouldBe 99
+        ins.address shouldBe 99
+        ins.immediate shouldBe 0
+        ins.immediateFp shouldBe null
         ins.labelSymbol shouldBe null
-        ins.toString() shouldBe "bz.b r42,$63"
+        ins.toString() shouldBe "beq.b r42,0,$63"
     }
 
     test("with label") {
-        val ins = IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=11, labelSymbol = "a.b.c")
-        ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.BZ
+        val ins = IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=11, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = "a.b.c")
+        ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.BEQ
         ins.type shouldBe IRDataType.WORD
         ins.reg1direction shouldBe OperandDirection.READ
         ins.fpReg1direction shouldBe OperandDirection.UNUSED
         ins.reg1 shouldBe 11
         ins.reg2 shouldBe null
-        ins.value shouldBe null
+        ins.address shouldBe null
+        ins.immediate shouldBe 0
+        ins.immediateFp shouldBe null
         ins.labelSymbol shouldBe "a.b.c"
-        ins.toString() shouldBe "bz.w r11,a.b.c"
+        ins.toString() shouldBe "beq.w r11,0,a.b.c"
     }
 
     test("with output registers") {
@@ -56,7 +62,9 @@ class TestInstructions: FunSpec({
         ins.fpReg2direction shouldBe OperandDirection.UNUSED
         ins.reg1 shouldBe 11
         ins.reg2 shouldBe 22
-        ins.value shouldBe null
+        ins.address shouldBe null
+        ins.immediate shouldBe null
+        ins.immediateFp shouldBe null
         ins.labelSymbol shouldBe null
         ins.toString() shouldBe "addr.w r11,r22"
 
@@ -69,7 +77,9 @@ class TestInstructions: FunSpec({
         ins2.fpReg2direction shouldBe OperandDirection.UNUSED
         ins2.reg1 shouldBe 11
         ins2.reg2 shouldBe 22
-        ins2.value shouldBe null
+        ins.address shouldBe null
+        ins.immediate shouldBe null
+        ins.immediateFp shouldBe null
         ins2.labelSymbol shouldBe null
         ins2.toString() shouldBe "sqrt.b r11,r22"
     }
@@ -86,7 +96,9 @@ class TestInstructions: FunSpec({
         ins.fpReg2 shouldBe 2
         ins.reg1 shouldBe null
         ins.reg2 shouldBe null
-        ins.value shouldBe null
+        ins.address shouldBe null
+        ins.immediate shouldBe null
+        ins.immediateFp shouldBe null
         ins.labelSymbol shouldBe null
         ins.toString() shouldBe "fsin.f fr1,fr2"
     }
@@ -94,19 +106,19 @@ class TestInstructions: FunSpec({
 
     test("missing type should fail") {
         shouldThrow<IllegalArgumentException> {
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, reg1=42, value=99)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, reg1=42, address=99)
         }
     }
 
     test("missing registers should fail") {
         shouldThrowWithMessage<IllegalArgumentException>("missing reg1") {
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, value=99)
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.BYTE, immediate = 0, address=99)
         }
     }
 
-    test("missing value should fail") {
-        shouldThrowWithMessage<IllegalArgumentException>("missing a value or labelsymbol") {
-            IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42)
+    test("missing address should fail") {
+        shouldThrowWithMessage<IllegalArgumentException>("missing an address or labelsymbol") {
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.BYTE, immediate = 0, reg1=42)
         }
     }
 

syntax-files/Vim/prog8_builtins.vim

@@ -680,7 +680,6 @@ syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.vpoke_or\>"
 syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.vpoke_and\>"
 syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.vpoke_xor\>"
 syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.vload\>"
-syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.FB_set_pixels_from_buf\>"
 syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.init_system\>"
 syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.init_system_phase2\>"
 syn match prog8BuiltInFunc "\<cx16\.set_irq\>"

virtualmachine/src/prog8/vm/GraphicsWindow.kt

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ internal class BitmapScreenPanel(private val drawImage: BufferedImage, val pixel
 
     override fun paint(graphics: Graphics) {
         val g2d = graphics as Graphics2D
-        g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR)
+        g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR)
         g2d.drawImage(drawImage, 0, 0, size.width, size.height, null)
         Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync()
     }

virtualmachine/src/prog8/vm/Registers.kt

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package prog8.vm
  */
 class Registers {
     private val registers = Array<UShort>(65536) { 0u }
-    private val floatRegisters = Array(65535) { 0f }
+    private val floatRegisters = Array(65536) { 0f }
     var cpuA: UByte = 0u
     var cpuX: UByte = 0u
     var cpuY: UByte = 0u

virtualmachine/src/prog8/vm/SysCalls.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.vm
 
 import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
-import prog8.intermediate.SyscallRegisterBase
+import prog8.intermediate.FunctionCallArgs
+import prog8.intermediate.IRDataType
 import kotlin.math.min
 
 /*
@@ -81,25 +82,59 @@ enum class Syscall {
     RNDF,
     STRING_CONTAINS,
     BYTEARRAY_CONTAINS,
-    WORDARRAY_CONTAINS
+    WORDARRAY_CONTAINS;
+
+    companion object {
+        private val VALUES = values()
+        fun fromInt(value: Int) = VALUES[value]
+    }
 }
 
 object SysCalls {
-    fun call(call: Syscall, vm: VirtualMachine) {
+    private fun getArgValues(argspec: List<FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec>, vm: VirtualMachine): List<Comparable<Nothing>> {
+        return argspec.map {
+            when(it.reg.dt) {
+                IRDataType.BYTE -> vm.registers.getUB(it.reg.registerNum)
+                IRDataType.WORD -> vm.registers.getUW(it.reg.registerNum)
+                IRDataType.FLOAT -> vm.registers.getFloat(it.reg.registerNum)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun returnValue(returns: FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec, value: Comparable<Nothing>, vm: VirtualMachine) {
+        val vv: Float = when(value) {
+            is UByte -> value.toFloat()
+            is UShort -> value.toFloat()
+            is UInt -> value.toFloat()
+            is Byte -> value.toFloat()
+            is Short -> value.toFloat()
+            is Int -> value.toFloat()
+            is Float -> value
+            else -> (value as Number).toFloat()
+        }
+        when(returns.dt) {
+            IRDataType.BYTE -> vm.registers.setUB(returns.registerNum, vv.toInt().toUByte())
+            IRDataType.WORD -> vm.registers.setUW(returns.registerNum, vv.toInt().toUShort())
+            IRDataType.FLOAT -> vm.registers.setFloat(returns.registerNum, vv)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun call(call: Syscall, callspec: FunctionCallArgs, vm: VirtualMachine) {
 
         when(call) {
             Syscall.RESET -> {
                 vm.reset(false)
             }
             Syscall.EXIT ->{
-                vm.exit(vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt())
+                val exitValue = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UByte
+                vm.exit(exitValue.toInt())
             }
             Syscall.PRINT_C -> {
-                val char = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                print(Char(char))
+                val char = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UByte
+                print(Char(char.toInt()))
             }
             Syscall.PRINT_S -> {
-                var addr = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
+                var addr = (getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UShort).toInt()
                 while(true) {
                     val char = vm.memory.getUB(addr).toInt()
                     if(char==0)
@@ -109,35 +144,52 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.PRINT_U8 -> {
-                print(vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase))
+                val value = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single()
+                print(value)
             }
             Syscall.PRINT_U16 -> {
-                print(vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase))
+                val value = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single()
+                print(value)
             }
             Syscall.INPUT -> {
+                val (address, maxlen) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
                 var input = readln()
-                val maxlen = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
-                if(maxlen>0)
-                    input = input.substring(0, min(input.length, maxlen))
-                vm.memory.setString(vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt(), input, true)
-                vm.registers.setUW(0, input.length.toUShort())
+                val maxlenvalue = (maxlen as UByte).toInt()
+                if(maxlenvalue>0)
+                    input = input.substring(0, min(input.length, maxlenvalue))
+                vm.memory.setString((address as UShort).toInt(), input, true)
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, input.length, vm)
             }
             Syscall.SLEEP -> {
-                val duration = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toLong()
-                Thread.sleep(duration)
+                val duration = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UShort
+                Thread.sleep(duration.toLong())
+            }
+            Syscall.GFX_ENABLE -> {
+                val mode = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UByte
+                vm.gfx_enable(mode)
+            }
+            Syscall.GFX_CLEAR -> {
+                val color = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UByte
+                vm.gfx_clear(color)
+            }
+            Syscall.GFX_PLOT -> {
+                val (x,y,color) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                vm.gfx_plot(x as UShort, y as UShort, color as UByte)
+            }
+            Syscall.GFX_GETPIXEL -> {
+                val (x,y) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val color = vm.gfx_getpixel(x as UShort, y as UShort)
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, color, vm)
             }
-            Syscall.GFX_ENABLE -> vm.gfx_enable()
-            Syscall.GFX_CLEAR -> vm.gfx_clear()
-            Syscall.GFX_PLOT -> vm.gfx_plot()
-            Syscall.GFX_GETPIXEL ->vm.gfx_getpixel()
             Syscall.WAIT -> {
-                val millis = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toLong() * 1000/60
-                Thread.sleep(millis)
+                val time = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UShort
+                Thread.sleep(time.toLong() * 1000/60)
             }
             Syscall.WAITVSYNC -> vm.waitvsync()
             Syscall.SORT_UBYTE -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length-1, 1).map {
                     vm.memory.getUB(it)
                 }.sorted()
@@ -146,8 +198,9 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.SORT_BYTE -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length-1, 1).map {
                     vm.memory.getSB(it)
                 }.sorted()
@@ -156,8 +209,9 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.SORT_UWORD -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2).map {
                     vm.memory.getUW(it)
                 }.sorted()
@@ -166,8 +220,9 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.SORT_WORD -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2).map {
                     vm.memory.getSW(it)
                 }.sorted()
@@ -176,8 +231,9 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.REVERSE_BYTES -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length-1, 1).map {
                     vm.memory.getUB(it)
                 }.reversed()
@@ -186,8 +242,9 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.REVERSE_WORDS -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2).map {
                     vm.memory.getUW(it)
                 }.reversed()
@@ -196,8 +253,9 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.REVERSE_FLOATS -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val array = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*4-2, 4).map {
                     vm.memory.getFloat(it)
                 }.reversed()
@@ -206,151 +264,154 @@ object SysCalls {
                 }
             }
             Syscall.ANY_BYTE -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val addresses = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2)
                 if(addresses.any { vm.memory.getUB(it).toInt()!=0 })
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
             }
             Syscall.ANY_WORD -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val addresses = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2)
                 if(addresses.any { vm.memory.getUW(it).toInt()!=0 })
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
             }
             Syscall.ANY_FLOAT -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val addresses = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*4-2, 4)
                 if(addresses.any { vm.memory.getFloat(it).toInt()!=0 })
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
             }
             Syscall.ALL_BYTE -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val addresses = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2)
                 if(addresses.all { vm.memory.getUB(it).toInt()!=0 })
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
             }
             Syscall.ALL_WORD -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val addresses = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*2-2, 2)
                 if(addresses.all { vm.memory.getUW(it).toInt()!=0 })
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
             }
             Syscall.ALL_FLOAT -> {
-                val address = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt()
-                val length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
+                val (addressV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val address = (addressV as UShort).toInt()
+                val length = (lengthV as UByte).toInt()
                 val addresses = IntProgression.fromClosedRange(address, address+length*4-2, 4)
                 if(addresses.all { vm.memory.getFloat(it).toInt()!=0 })
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
             }
             Syscall.PRINT_F -> {
-                val value = vm.registers.getFloat(SyscallRegisterBase)
+                val value = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as Float
                 print(value)
             }
             Syscall.STR_TO_UWORD -> {
-                val stringAddr = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase)
+                val stringAddr = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UShort
                 val string = vm.memory.getString(stringAddr.toInt()).takeWhile { it.isDigit() }
                 val value = try {
                     string.toUShort()
                 } catch(_: NumberFormatException) {
                     0u
                 }
-                vm.registers.setUW(0, value)
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, value, vm)
             }
             Syscall.STR_TO_WORD -> {
-                val stringAddr = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase)
-                val string = vm.memory.getString(stringAddr.toInt()).takeWhile { it.isDigit() }
+                val stringAddr = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as UShort
+                val memstring = vm.memory.getString(stringAddr.toInt())
+                val match = Regex("^[+-]?\\d+").find(memstring) ?: return returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
                 val value = try {
-                    string.toShort()
+                    match.value.toShort()
                 } catch(_: NumberFormatException) {
                     0
                 }
-                vm.registers.setSW(0, value)
+                return returnValue(callspec.returns!!, value, vm)
             }
             Syscall.COMPARE_STRINGS -> {
-                val firstAddr = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase)
-                val secondAddr = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase+1)
+                val (firstV, secondV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val firstAddr = firstV as UShort
+                val secondAddr = secondV as UShort
                 val first = vm.memory.getString(firstAddr.toInt())
                 val second = vm.memory.getString(secondAddr.toInt())
                 val comparison = first.compareTo(second)
                 if(comparison==0)
-                    vm.registers.setSB(0, 0)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0, vm)
                 else if(comparison<0)
-                    vm.registers.setSB(0, -1)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, -1, vm)
                 else
-                    vm.registers.setSB(0, 1)
+                    returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1, vm)
             }
             Syscall.RNDFSEED -> {
-                val seed = vm.registers.getFloat(SyscallRegisterBase)
+                val seed = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm).single() as Float
                 if(seed>0)  // always use negative seed, this mimics the behavior on CBM machines
                     vm.randomSeedFloat(-seed)
                 else
                     vm.randomSeedFloat(seed)
             }
             Syscall.RNDSEED -> {
-                val seed1 = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase)
-                val seed2 = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase+1)
-                vm.randomSeed(seed1, seed2)
+                val (seed1, seed2) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                vm.randomSeed(seed1 as UShort, seed2 as UShort)
             }
             Syscall.RND -> {
-                vm.registers.setUB(0, vm.randomGenerator.nextInt().toUByte())
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, vm.randomGenerator.nextInt().toUByte(), vm)
             }
             Syscall.RNDW -> {
-                vm.registers.setUW(0, vm.randomGenerator.nextInt().toUShort())
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, vm.randomGenerator.nextInt().toUShort(), vm)
             }
             Syscall.RNDF -> {
-                vm.registers.setFloat(0, vm.randomGeneratorFloats.nextFloat())
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, vm.randomGeneratorFloats.nextFloat(), vm)
             }
             Syscall.STRING_CONTAINS -> {
-                val char = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase).toInt().toChar()
-                val stringAddr = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase+1)
+                val (charV, addr) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                val stringAddr = addr as UShort
+                val char = (charV as UByte).toInt().toChar()
                 val string = vm.memory.getString(stringAddr.toInt())
-                vm.registers.setUB(0, if(char in string) 1u else 0u)
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, if(char in string) 1u else 0u, vm)
             }
             Syscall.BYTEARRAY_CONTAINS -> {
-                val value = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase)
-                var array = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
-                var length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+2)
+                val (value, arrayV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                var length = lengthV as UByte
+                var array = (arrayV as UShort).toInt()
                 while(length>0u) {
-                    if(vm.memory.getUB(array)==value) {
-                        vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
-                        return
-                    }
+                    if(vm.memory.getUB(array)==value)
+                        return returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1u, vm)
                     array++
                     length--
                 }
-                vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0u, vm)
             }
             Syscall.WORDARRAY_CONTAINS -> {
-                // r0.w = value,  r1.w = array,  r2.b = array length
-                val value = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase)
-                var array = vm.registers.getUW(SyscallRegisterBase+1).toInt()
-                var length = vm.registers.getUB(SyscallRegisterBase+2)
+                val (value, arrayV, lengthV) = getArgValues(callspec.arguments, vm)
+                var length = lengthV as UByte
+                var array = (arrayV as UShort).toInt()
                 while(length>0u) {
-                    if(vm.memory.getUW(array)==value) {
-                        vm.registers.setUB(0, 1u)
-                        return
-                    }
+                    if(vm.memory.getUW(array)==value)
+                        return returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 1u, vm)
                     array += 2
                     length--
                 }
-                vm.registers.setUB(0, 0u)
+                returnValue(callspec.returns!!, 0u, vm)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("missing syscall ${call.name}")
         }

virtualmachine/src/prog8/vm/VmProgramLoader.kt

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ import prog8.intermediate.*
 
 class VmProgramLoader {
     private val placeholders = mutableMapOf<Pair<IRCodeChunk, Int>, String>()      // program chunk+index to symbolname
+    private val subroutines = mutableMapOf<String, IRSubroutine>()                 // label to subroutine node
 
     fun load(irProgram: IRProgram, memory: Memory): List<IRCodeChunk> {
-        placeholders.clear()
         irProgram.validate()
+        placeholders.clear()
+        subroutines.clear()
         val allocations = VmVariableAllocator(irProgram.st, irProgram.encoding, irProgram.options.compTarget)
         val variableAddresses = allocations.allocations.toMutableMap()
         val programChunks = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunk>()
@@ -36,41 +38,37 @@ class VmProgramLoader {
         val chunkReplacements = mutableListOf<Pair<IRCodeChunkBase, IRCodeChunk>>()
         irProgram.blocks.forEach { block ->
             if(block.address!=null)
-                throw IRParseException("blocks cannot have a load address for vm: ${block.name}")
+                throw IRParseException("blocks cannot have a load address for vm: ${block.label}")
 
             block.children.forEach { child ->
                 when(child) {
                     is IRAsmSubroutine -> throw IRParseException("vm does not support asmsubs (use normal sub): ${child.label}")
                     is IRCodeChunk -> programChunks += child
-                    is IRInlineAsmChunk -> {
-                        val replacement = addAssemblyToProgram(child, programChunks, variableAddresses)
-                        chunkReplacements += replacement
-                    }
-                    is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> throw IRParseException("inline binary data not yet supported in the VM")  // TODO
+                    is IRInlineAsmChunk -> throw IRParseException("encountered unconverted inline assembly chunk")
+                    is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> throw IRParseException("inline binary data not yet supported in the VM")
                     is IRSubroutine -> {
+                        subroutines[child.label] = child
                         child.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
                             when (chunk) {
-                                is IRInlineAsmChunk -> {
-                                    val replacement = addAssemblyToProgram(chunk, programChunks, variableAddresses)
-                                    chunkReplacements += replacement
-                                }
-                                is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> throw IRParseException("inline binary data not yet supported in the VM")  // TODO
+                                is IRInlineAsmChunk -> throw IRParseException("encountered unconverted inline assembly chunk")
+                                is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> throw IRParseException("inline binary data not yet supported in the VM")
                                 is IRCodeChunk -> programChunks += chunk
                                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird chunk type")
                             }
-                        }                    }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         pass2translateSyscalls(programChunks)
-        pass2replaceLabelsByProgIndex(programChunks, variableAddresses)
+        pass2replaceLabelsByProgIndex(programChunks, variableAddresses, subroutines)
         phase2relinkReplacedChunks(chunkReplacements, programChunks)
 
         programChunks.forEach {
             it.instructions.forEach { ins ->
                 if (ins.labelSymbol != null && ins.opcode !in OpcodesThatBranch)
-                    require(ins.value != null) { "instruction with labelSymbol for a var should have value set to var's memory address" }
+                    require(ins.address != null) { "instruction with labelSymbol for a var should have value set to the memory address" }
             }
         }
 
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ class VmProgramLoader {
             chunk.instructions.withIndex().forEach { (index, ins) ->
                 if(ins.opcode == Opcode.SYSCALL) {
                     // convert IR Syscall to VM Syscall
-                    val vmSyscall = when(ins.value!!) {
+                    val vmSyscall = when(ins.immediate!!) {
                         IMSyscall.SORT_UBYTE.number -> Syscall.SORT_UBYTE
                         IMSyscall.SORT_BYTE.number -> Syscall.SORT_BYTE
                         IMSyscall.SORT_UWORD.number -> Syscall.SORT_UWORD
@@ -124,7 +122,7 @@ class VmProgramLoader {
                     }
 
                     if(vmSyscall!=null)
-                        chunk.instructions[index] = ins.copy(value = vmSyscall.ordinal)
+                        chunk.instructions[index] = ins.copy(immediate = vmSyscall.ordinal)
                 }
 
                 val label = ins.labelSymbol
@@ -137,7 +135,8 @@ class VmProgramLoader {
 
     private fun pass2replaceLabelsByProgIndex(
         chunks: MutableList<IRCodeChunk>,
-        variableAddresses: MutableMap<String, Int>
+        variableAddresses: MutableMap<String, Int>,
+        subroutines: MutableMap<String, IRSubroutine>
     ) {
         for((ref, label) in placeholders) {
             val (chunk, line) = ref
@@ -148,25 +147,49 @@ class VmProgramLoader {
                     val (symbol, indexStr) = label.split('+')
                     val index = indexStr.toInt()
                     val address = variableAddresses.getValue(symbol) + index
-                    chunk.instructions[line] = chunk.instructions[line].copy(value = address)
+                    chunk.instructions[line] = chunk.instructions[line].copy(address = address)
                 } else {
                     // placeholder is not a variable, so it must be a label of a code chunk instead
                     val target: IRCodeChunk? = chunks.firstOrNull { it.label==label }
                     val opcode = chunk.instructions[line].opcode
                     if(target==null)
                         throw IRParseException("placeholder not found in variables nor labels: $label")
-                    else if(opcode in OpcodesThatBranch) {
-                        chunk.instructions[line] = chunk.instructions[line].copy(branchTarget = target, value = null)
-                    } else if(opcode in OpcodesWithMemoryAddressAsValue) {
+                    else if(opcode in OpcodesThatBranch)
+                        chunk.instructions[line] = chunk.instructions[line].copy(branchTarget = target, address = null)
+                    else
                         throw IRParseException("vm cannot yet load a label address as a value: ${chunk.instructions[line]}")        // TODO
-                    } else {
-                        throw IRParseException("vm cannot yet load a label address as a value: ${chunk.instructions[line]}")        // TODO
-                    }
                 }
             } else {
-                chunk.instructions[line] = chunk.instructions[line].copy(value = replacement)
+                chunk.instructions[line] = chunk.instructions[line].copy(address = replacement)
             }
         }
+
+        subroutines.forEach {
+            it.value.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
+                chunk.instructions.withIndex().forEach { (index, ins) ->
+                    if(ins.opcode==Opcode.CALL) {
+                        val fcallspec = ins.fcallArgs!!
+                        val argsWithAddresses = fcallspec.arguments.map { arg ->
+                            if(arg.address!=null)
+                                arg
+                            else {
+                                val address = variableAddresses.getValue(ins.labelSymbol + "." + arg.name)
+                                FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec(arg.name, address, arg.reg)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        fcallspec.arguments = argsWithAddresses
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private val functionCallOpcodes = setOf(Opcode.CALL, Opcode.SYSCALL, Opcode.JUMP, Opcode.JUMPA)
+    private fun findCall(it: IRCodeChunk, startIndex: Int): IRInstruction {
+        var idx = startIndex
+        while(it.instructions[idx].opcode !in functionCallOpcodes)
+            idx++
+        return it.instructions[idx]
     }
 
     private fun varsToMemory(
@@ -300,26 +323,4 @@ class VmProgramLoader {
             require(variable.onetimeInitializationStringValue==null) { "in vm/ir, strings should have been converted into bytearrays." }
         }
     }
-
-
-    private fun addAssemblyToProgram(
-        asmChunk: IRInlineAsmChunk,
-        chunks: MutableList<IRCodeChunk>,
-        symbolAddresses: MutableMap<String, Int>,
-    ): Pair<IRCodeChunkBase, IRCodeChunk> {
-        if(asmChunk.isIR) {
-            val chunk = IRCodeChunk(asmChunk.label, asmChunk.next)
-            asmChunk.assembly.lineSequence().forEach {
-                val parsed = parseIRCodeLine(it.trim(), Pair(chunk, chunk.instructions.size), placeholders)
-                parsed.fold(
-                    ifLeft = { instruction -> chunk += instruction },
-                    ifRight = { label -> symbolAddresses[label] = chunk.instructions.size }
-                )
-            }
-            chunks += chunk
-            return Pair(asmChunk, chunk)
-        } else {
-            throw IRParseException("vm currently does not support real inlined assembly (only IR): ${asmChunk.label}")
-        }
-    }
 }

virtualmachine/test/TestVm.kt

@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ class TestVm: FunSpec( {
 
     test("vm execution: modify memory") {
         val program = IRProgram("test", IRSymbolTable(null), getTestOptions(), VMTarget())
-        val block = IRBlock("testmain", null, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
+        val block = IRBlock("testmain", null, false, false, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
         val startSub = IRSubroutine("testmain.testsub", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
         val code = IRCodeChunk(startSub.label, null)
         code += IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP)
-        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=1, value=12345)
-        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=1, value=1000)
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=1, immediate=12345)
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=1, address=1000)
         code += IRInstruction(Opcode.RETURN)
         startSub += code
         block += startSub
@@ -70,25 +70,9 @@ class TestVm: FunSpec( {
         vm.stepCount shouldBe code.instructions.size
     }
 
-    test("vm asmbinary not supported") {
-        val program = IRProgram("test", IRSymbolTable(null), getTestOptions(), VMTarget())
-        val block = IRBlock("testmain", null, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
-        val startSub = IRSubroutine("testmain.testsub", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
-        val code = IRCodeChunk(startSub.label, null)
-        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.BINARYDATA, binaryData = listOf(1u,2u,3u))
-        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.RETURN)
-        startSub += code
-        block += startSub
-        program.addBlock(block)
-        val vm = VirtualMachine(program)
-        shouldThrowWithMessage<NotImplementedError>("An operation is not implemented: BINARYDATA not yet supported in VM") {
-            vm.run()
-        }
-    }
-
     test("asmsub not supported in vm even with IR") {
         val program = IRProgram("test", IRSymbolTable(null), getTestOptions(), VMTarget())
-        val block = IRBlock("main", null, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
+        val block = IRBlock("main", null, false, false, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
         val startSub = IRAsmSubroutine(
             "main.asmstart",
             0x2000u,
@@ -129,7 +113,7 @@ class TestVm: FunSpec( {
 <INITGLOBALS>
 </INITGLOBALS>
 
-<BLOCK NAME="main" ADDRESS="" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[unittest: line 42 col 1-9]">
+<BLOCK NAME="main" ADDRESS="" LIBRARY="false" FORCEOUTPUT="false" ALIGN="NONE" POS="[unittest: line 42 col 1-9]">
 </BLOCK>
 </PROGRAM>
 """