workaround for the joystick_get() irq problem

Move code used for all Commodore systems to new package

.idea/compiler.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="CompilerConfiguration">
+    <option name="BUILD_PROCESS_HEAP_SIZE" value="1200" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml

@@ -3,14 +3,11 @@
     <option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
     <inspection_tool class="DuplicatedCode" enabled="true" level="WEAK WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
       <Languages>
-        <language minSize="100" isEnabled="false" name="JavaScript" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="Groovy" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="Style Sheets" />
         <language minSize="70" name="Kotlin" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="TypeScript" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="ActionScript" />
+        <language isEnabled="false" name="Groovy" />
       </Languages>
     </inspection_tool>
+    <inspection_tool class="PyInterpreterInspection" enabled="false" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="false" />
     <inspection_tool class="SpellCheckingInspection" enabled="true" level="TYPO" enabled_by_default="true">
       <option name="processCode" value="false" />
       <option name="processLiterals" value="true" />

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
   <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
-    <option name="jvmTarget" value="1.8" />
+    <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
     <modules>
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />

README.md

@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@ https://prog8.readthedocs.io/
 What does Prog8 provide?
 ------------------------
 
-- big reduction of source code length over raw assembly
+- reduction of source code length over raw assembly
+- fast execution speed due to compilation to native assembly code. It's possible to write certain raster interrupt 'demoscene' effects purely in Prog8.
 - modularity, symbol scoping, subroutines
 - various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, floats, strings)
-- automatic variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
-- subroutines with an input- and output parameter signature
-- no stack frame allocations because parameters and local variables are automatically allocated statically
-- constant folding in expressions and other high-level program optimizations
+- automatic static variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
+- subroutines with input parameters and result values
+- high-level program optimizations
+- small program boilerplate/compilersupport overhead
+- Programs can be run multiple times without reloading because of automatic variable (re)initializations.
 - conditional branches
 - floating point operations  (requires the C64 Basic ROM routines for this)
 - 'when' statement to provide a concise jump table alternative to if/elseif chains
@@ -37,9 +39,9 @@ What does Prog8 provide?
 - many built-in functions such as ``sin``, ``cos``, ``rnd``, ``abs``, ``min``, ``max``, ``sqrt``, ``msb``, ``rol``, ``ror``, ``swap``, ``sort`` and ``reverse``
 - various powerful built-in libraries to do I/O, number conversions, graphics and more  
 - convenience abstractions for low level aspects such as ZeroPage handling, program startup, explicit memory addresses
-- fast execution speed due to compilation to native assembly code
 - inline assembly allows you to have full control when every cycle or byte matters
 - supports the sixteen 'virtual' 16-bit registers R0 .. R15 from the Commander X16, and provides them also on the C64.
+- encode strings and characters into petscii or screencodes as desired (C64/Cx16)
 
 *Rapid edit-compile-run-debug cycle:*
 
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ What does Prog8 provide?
 
 - "c64": Commodore-64  (6510 CPU = almost a 6502)
 - "cx16": [CommanderX16](https://www.commanderx16.com)  (65c02 CPU)
-- If you only use standard kernel and prog8 library routines, it is possible to compile the *exact same program* for both machines (just change the compiler target flag)!
+- If you only use standard kernal and prog8 library routines, it is possible to compile the *exact same program* for both machines (just change the compiler target flag)!
 
 
 

compiler/build.gradle

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 plugins {
     id 'java'
     id 'application'
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.4.21"
-    id 'org.jetbrains.dokka' version "0.9.18"
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.4.32"
     id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '6.1.0'
 }
 
@@ -18,14 +17,12 @@ repositories {
 def prog8version = rootProject.file('compiler/res/version.txt').text.trim()
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':parser')
+    implementation project(':compilerAst')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.8'
-    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli:0.3.1'
+    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli:0.3.2'
     // implementation 'net.razorvine:ksim65:1.8'
     // implementation "com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.2.4"
-    implementation project(':parser')
 
     testImplementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit5"
     testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.3.2'
@@ -36,6 +33,7 @@ dependencies {
 compileKotlin {
     kotlinOptions {
         jvmTarget = "11"
+        useIR = true
         // verbose = true
         // freeCompilerArgs += "-XXLanguage:+NewInference"
     }
@@ -44,6 +42,7 @@ compileKotlin {
 compileTestKotlin {
     kotlinOptions {
         jvmTarget = "11"
+        useIR = true
     }
 }
 
@@ -97,11 +96,6 @@ test {
 }
 
 
-dokka {
-    outputFormat = 'html'
-    outputDirectory = "$buildDir/kdoc"
-}
-
 task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
     gradleVersion = '6.7'
 }

compiler/compiler.iml

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="FacetManager">
+    <facet type="Python" name="Python">
+      <configuration sdkName="Python 3.9" />
+    </facet>
+  </component>
   <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
     <exclude-output />
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
@@ -11,9 +16,9 @@
     <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="parser" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="unittest-libs" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="kotlinx-cli-jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="antlr-runtime-4.9" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Python 3.9 interpreter library" level="application" />
   </component>
 </module>

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/floats.asm

@@ -428,7 +428,9 @@ var_fac1_greater_f	.proc
 		cmp  #1
 		beq  +
 		lda  #0
-+		rts
+		rts
++		lda  #1
+		rts
 		.pend
 
 var_fac1_greatereq_f	.proc

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/floats.p8

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ romsub $bc58 = ABS()                                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
 romsub $bf71 = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
 romsub $bf74 = SQRA() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; fac1 = SQRT(fac2)
 romsub $bfed = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
-romsub $bfb4 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1
+romsub $bfb4 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1 (fac1 = -fac1)
 romsub $e097 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
 romsub $e264 = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
 romsub $e26b = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/graphics.p8

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 %import textio
 
 ; bitmap pixel graphics module for the C64
-; only black/white monchrome 320x200 for now
+; only black/white monochrome 320x200 for now
 ; assumes bitmap screen memory is $2000-$3fff
 
 graphics {
@@ -39,30 +39,28 @@ graphics {
             swap(x1, x2)
             swap(y1, y2)
         }
-        word @zp dx = x2-x1 as word
-        word @zp dy = y2-y1
+        word @zp dx = (x2 as word)-x1
+        word @zp dy = (y2 as word)-y1
 
         if dx==0 {
-            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy)+1 as ubyte)
+            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy) as ubyte +1)
             return
         }
         if dy==0 {
             if x1>x2
                 x1=x2
-            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx)+1 as uword)
+            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx) as uword +1)
             return
         }
 
-        ; TODO rewrite the rest in optimized assembly
-
         word @zp d = 0
         ubyte positive_ix = true
         if dx < 0 {
             dx = -dx
             positive_ix = false
         }
-        dx *= 2
-        dy *= 2
+        word @zp dx2 = dx*2
+        word @zp dy2 = dy*2
         internal_plotx = x1
 
         if dx >= dy {
@@ -72,10 +70,10 @@ graphics {
                     if internal_plotx==x2
                         return
                     internal_plotx++
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -84,10 +82,10 @@ graphics {
                     if internal_plotx==x2
                         return
                     internal_plotx--
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -99,10 +97,10 @@ graphics {
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         internal_plotx++
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -111,10 +109,10 @@ graphics {
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         internal_plotx--
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             }

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/syslib.p8

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ c64 {
         &ubyte  TIME_HI         = $a0       ; software jiffy clock, hi byte
         &ubyte  TIME_MID        = $a1       ;  .. mid byte
         &ubyte  TIME_LO         = $a2       ;    .. lo byte. Updated by IRQ every 1/60 sec
-        &ubyte  STATUS          = $90       ; kernel status variable for I/O
+        &ubyte  STATUS          = $90       ; kernal status variable for I/O
         &ubyte  STKEY           = $91       ; various keyboard statuses (updated by IRQ)
         &ubyte  SFDX            = $cb       ; current key pressed (matrix value) (updated by IRQ)
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ c64 {
 
 ; ---- C64 ROM kernal routines ----
 
-romsub $AB1E = STROUT(uword strptr @ AY) clobbers(A, X, Y)      ; print null-terminated string (use c64scr.print instead)
+romsub $AB1E = STROUT(uword strptr @ AY) clobbers(A, X, Y)      ; print null-terminated string (use txt.print instead)
 romsub $E544 = CLEARSCR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; clear the screen
 romsub $E566 = HOMECRSR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; cursor to top left of screen
 romsub $EA31 = IRQDFRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; default IRQ routine
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ romsub $FFAE = UNLSN() clobbers(A)                              ; command serial
 romsub $FFB1 = LISTEN(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)             ; command serial bus device to LISTEN
 romsub $FFB4 = TALK(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)               ; command serial bus device to TALK
 romsub $FFB7 = READST() -> ubyte @ A                            ; read I/O status word
-romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte address @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
+romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte secondary @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
 romsub $FFBD = SETNAM(ubyte namelen @ A, str filename @ XY)     ; set filename parameters
 romsub $FFC0 = OPEN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @A      ; (via 794 ($31A)) open a logical file
 romsub $FFC3 = CLOSE(ubyte logical @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)         ; (via 796 ($31C)) close a logical file
@@ -211,10 +211,10 @@ romsub $FFC9 = CHKOUT(ubyte logical @ X) clobbers(A,X)          ; (via 800 ($320
 romsub $FFCC = CLRCHN() clobbers(A,X)                           ; (via 802 ($322)) restore default devices
 romsub $FFCF = CHRIN() clobbers(X, Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; (via 804 ($324)) input a character (for keyboard, read a whole line from the screen) A=byte read.
 romsub $FFD2 = CHROUT(ubyte char @ A)                           ; (via 806 ($326)) output a character
-romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
-romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A                    ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
+romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, uword @ XY     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
+romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A          ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
 romsub $FFDB = SETTIM(ubyte low @ A, ubyte middle @ X, ubyte high @ Y)      ; set the software clock
-romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock
+romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock (A=lo,X=mid,Y=high)
 romsub $FFE1 = STOP() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Pz, ubyte @ A      ; (via 808 ($328)) check the STOP key (and some others in A)
 romsub $FFE4 = GETIN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A    ; (via 810 ($32A)) get a character
 romsub $FFE7 = CLALL() clobbers(A,X)                            ; (via 812 ($32C)) close all files
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ asmsub STOP2() -> ubyte @A  {
 }
 
 asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
-    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits for convenience
+    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits in AY for convenience
     %asm {{
         stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
         jsr  c64.RDTIM
@@ -294,6 +294,12 @@ asmsub  init_system()  {
     }}
 }
 
+asmsub  init_system_phase2()  {
+    %asm {{
+        rts     ; no phase 2 steps on the C64
+    }}
+}
+
 asmsub  disable_runstop_and_charsetswitch() clobbers(A) {
     %asm {{
         lda  #$80
@@ -304,27 +310,13 @@ asmsub  disable_runstop_and_charsetswitch() clobbers(A) {
     }}
 }
 
-asmsub  set_irqvec_excl() clobbers(A)  {
-	%asm {{
-		sei
-		lda  #<_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV
-		lda  #>_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV+1
-		cli
-		rts
-_irq_handler	jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_end
-		lda  #$ff
-		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
-		lda  c64.CIA1ICR		; acknowledge CIA1 interrupt
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFEND		; end irq processing - don't call kernel
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  set_irqvec() clobbers(A)  {
+asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	%asm {{
+	        sta  _modified+1
+	        sty  _modified+2
+	        lda  #0
+	        adc  #0
+	        sta  _use_kernal
 		sei
 		lda  #<_irq_handler
 		sta  c64.CINV
@@ -333,9 +325,23 @@ asmsub  set_irqvec() clobbers(A)  {
 		cli
 		rts
 _irq_handler    jsr  _irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
+_modified	jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
 		jsr  _irq_handler_end
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT		; continue with normal kernel irq routine
+		lda  _use_kernal
+		bne  +
+		lda  #$ff
+		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
+		lda  c64.CIA1ICR		; acknowledge CIA1 interrupt
+		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+		pla
+		tay
+		pla
+		tax
+		pla
+		rti
++		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT		; continue with normal kernal irq routine
+
+_use_kernal     .byte  0
 
 _irq_handler_init
 		; save all zp scratch registers and the X register as these might be clobbered by the irq routine
@@ -388,7 +394,7 @@ IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	.word  0
 		}}
 }
 
-asmsub  restore_irqvec() clobbers(A) {
+asmsub  restore_irq() clobbers(A) {
 	%asm {{
 		sei
 		lda  #<c64.IRQDFRT
@@ -404,8 +410,15 @@ asmsub  restore_irqvec() clobbers(A) {
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
+asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword handler @AY, uword rasterpos @R0, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A) {
 	%asm {{
+	        sta  _modified+1
+	        sty  _modified+2
+	        lda  #0
+	        adc  #0
+	        sta  set_irq._use_kernal
+		lda  cx16.r0
+		ldy  cx16.r0+1
 		sei
 		jsr  _setup_raster_irq
 		lda  #<_raster_irq_handler
@@ -416,12 +429,21 @@ asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
 		rts
 
 _raster_irq_handler
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_end
-		lda  #$ff
-		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT
+		jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_init
+_modified	jsr  $ffff              ; modified
+		jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_end
+                lda  #$ff
+                sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
+		lda  set_irq._use_kernal
+		bne  +
+		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+		pla
+		tay
+		pla
+		tax
+		pla
+		rti
++		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT                ; continue with kernal irq routine
 
 _setup_raster_irq
 		pha
@@ -445,28 +467,6 @@ _setup_raster_irq
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  set_rasterirq_excl(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
-	%asm {{
-		sei
-		jsr  set_rasterirq._setup_raster_irq
-		lda  #<_raster_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV
-		lda  #>_raster_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV+1
-		cli
-		rts
-
-_raster_irq_handler
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_end
-		lda  #$ff
-		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFEND		; end irq processing - don't call kernel
-
-	}}
-}
-
 ; ---- end of C64 specific system utility routines ----
 
 }
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ sys {
 
 
     asmsub  reset_system()  {
-        ; Soft-reset the system back to Basic prompt.
+        ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
         %asm {{
             sei
             lda  #14
@@ -489,6 +489,7 @@ sys {
 
     sub wait(uword jiffies) {
         ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
+        ;     note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
         repeat jiffies {
             ubyte jiff = lsb(c64.RDTIM16())
             while jiff==lsb(c64.RDTIM16()) {
@@ -497,6 +498,29 @@ sys {
         }
     }
 
+    asmsub waitvsync() clobbers(A) {
+        ; --- busy wait till the next vsync has occurred (approximately), without depending on custom irq handling.
+        ;     note: a more accurate way to wait for vsync is to set up a vsync irq handler instead.
+        %asm {{
+-           lda  c64.RASTER
+            beq  -
+-           lda  c64.RASTER
+            bne  -
+            bit  c64.SCROLY
+            bmi  -
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
+
+    inline asmsub waitrastborder() {
+        ; --- busy wait till the raster position has reached the bottom screen border (approximately)
+        ;     note: a more accurate way to do this is by using a raster irq handler instead.
+        %asm {{
+-           bit  c64.SCROLY
+            bpl  -
+        }}
+    }
+
     asmsub memcopy(uword source @R0, uword target @R1, uword count @AY) clobbers(A,X,Y) {
         %asm {{
             ldx  cx16.r0

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/textio.p8

@@ -31,6 +31,16 @@ sub spc() {
     txt.chrout(' ')
 }
 
+asmsub column(ubyte col @A) clobbers(A, X, Y) {
+    ; ---- set the cursor on the given column (starting with 0) on the current line
+    %asm {{
+        sec
+        jsr  c64.PLOT
+        tay
+        clc
+        jmp  c64.PLOT
+    }}
+}
 
 asmsub  fill_screen (ubyte char @ A, ubyte color @ Y) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- fill the character screen with the given fill character and character color.
@@ -576,7 +586,7 @@ _colormod	sta  $ffff		; modified
 }
 
 asmsub  plot  (ubyte col @ Y, ubyte row @ A) clobbers(A) {
-	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernel routine, to save the X register.
+	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernal routine, to save the X register.
 	%asm  {{
 		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 		tax

compiler/res/prog8lib/conv.p8

@@ -7,239 +7,213 @@ conv {
 
 ; ----- number conversions to decimal strings ----
 
-asmsub  ubyte2decimal  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
-	; ---- A to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+    str  string_out = "????????????????"       ; result buffer for the string conversion routines
+
+asmsub  str_ub0  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in decimal string form, with left padding 0s (3 positions total)
 	%asm {{
-		ldy  #uword2decimal.ASCII_0_OFFSET
-		bne  uword2decimal.hex_try200
-		rts
+            phx
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2decimal
+            sty  string_out
+            sta  string_out+1
+            stx  string_out+2
+            lda  #0
+            sta  string_out+3
+            plx
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
-	;  ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y to decimal
-	;  output in uword2decimal.decTenThousands, decThousands, decHundreds, decTens, decOnes
-	;  (these are terminated by a zero byte so they can be easily printed)
-	;  also returns Y = 100's, A = 10's, X = 1's
-
+asmsub  str_ub  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-
-;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
-;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
-; routine from http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
-
-;HexToDec99
-; start in A
-; end with A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-
-;HexToDec255
-; start in A
-; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-
-;HexToDec999
-; start with A = high byte, Y = low byte
-; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-; requires 1 extra temp register on top of decOnes, could combine
-; these two if HexToDec65535 was eliminated...
-
-;HexToDec65535
-; start with A/Y (low/high) as 16 bit value
-; end with decTenThousand, decThousand, Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-; (irmen: I store Y and A in decHundreds and decTens too, so all of it can be easily printed)
-
-
-ASCII_0_OFFSET 	= $30
-temp       	    = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1	; byte in zeropage
-hexHigh      	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1	; byte in zeropage
-hexLow       	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1	; byte in zeropage
-
-
-HexToDec65535; SUBROUTINE
-    sty    hexHigh               ;3  @9
-    sta    hexLow                ;3  @12
-    tya
-    tax                          ;2  @14
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @16
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @18   integer divide 1024 (result 0-63)
-
-    cpx    #$A7                  ;2  @20   account for overflow of multiplying 24 from 43,000 ($A7F8) onward,
-    adc    #1                    ;2  @22   we can just round it to $A700, and the divide by 1024 is fine...
-
-    ;at this point we have a number 1-65 that we have to times by 24,
-    ;add to original sum, and Mod 1024 to get a remainder 0-999
-
-
-    sta    temp                  ;3  @25
-    asl    a                     ;2  @27
-    adc    temp                  ;3  @30  x3
-    tay                          ;2  @32
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @34
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @36
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @38
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @40
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @42
-    tax                          ;2  @44
-    tya                          ;2  @46
-    asl    a                     ;2  @48
-    asl    a                     ;2  @50
-    asl    a                     ;2  @52
-    clc                          ;2  @54
-    adc    hexLow                ;3  @57
-    sta    hexLow                ;3  @60
-    txa                          ;2  @62
-    adc    hexHigh               ;3  @65
-    sta    hexHigh               ;3  @68
-    ror    a                     ;2  @70
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @72
-    tay                          ;2  @74    integer divide 1,000 (result 0-65)
-
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @76    split the 1,000 and 10,000 digit
-    tax                          ;2  @78
-    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @82
-    tax                          ;2  @84
-    rol    a                     ;2  @86
-    and    #$0F                  ;2  @88
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    sta    decThousands          ;3  @91
-    txa                          ;2  @93
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @95
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @97
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @99
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    sta    decTenThousands       ;3  @102
-
-    lda    hexLow                ;3  @105
-    cpy    temp                  ;3  @108
-    bmi    _doSubtract           ;2³ @110/111
-    beq    _useZero               ;2³ @112/113
-    adc    #23 + 24              ;2  @114
-_doSubtract
-    sbc    #23                   ;2  @116
-    sta    hexLow                ;3  @119
-_useZero
-    lda    hexHigh               ;3  @122
-    sbc    #0                    ;2  @124
-
-Start100s
-    and    #$03                  ;2  @126
-    tax                          ;2  @128   0,1,2,3
-    cmp    #2                    ;2  @130
-    rol    a                     ;2  @132   0,2,5,7
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    tay                          ;2  @134   Y = Hundreds digit
-
-    lda    hexLow                ;3  @137
-    adc    Mod100Tab,x           ;4  @141    adding remainder of 256, 512, and 256+512 (all mod 100)
-    bcs    hex_doSub200             ;2³ @143/144
-
-hex_try200
-    cmp    #200                  ;2  @145
-    bcc    hex_try100               ;2³ @147/148
-hex_doSub200
-    iny                          ;2  @149
-    iny                          ;2  @151
-    sbc    #200                  ;2  @153
-hex_try100
-    cmp    #100                  ;2  @155
-    bcc    HexToDec99            ;2³ @157/158
-    iny                          ;2  @159
-    sbc    #100                  ;2  @161
-
-HexToDec99; SUBROUTINE
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @163
-    tax                          ;2  @165
-    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @169
-    tax                          ;2  @171
-    rol    a                     ;2  @173
-    and    #$0F                  ;2  @175
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    sta    decOnes               ;3  @178
-    txa                          ;2  @180
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @182
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @184
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @186
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-
-    ; irmen: load X with ones, and store Y and A too, for easy printing afterwards
-    sty  decHundreds
-    sta  decTens
-    ldx  decOnes
-    rts                          ;6  @192   Y=hundreds, A = tens digit, X=ones digit
-
-
-HexToDec999; SUBROUTINE
-    sty    hexLow                ;3  @9
-    jmp    Start100s             ;3  @12
-
-Mod100Tab
-    .byte 0,56,12,56+12
-
-ShiftedBcdTab
-    .byte $00,$01,$02,$03,$04,$08,$09,$0A,$0B,$0C
-    .byte $10,$11,$12,$13,$14,$18,$19,$1A,$1B,$1C
-    .byte $20,$21,$22,$23,$24,$28,$29,$2A,$2B,$2C
-    .byte $30,$31,$32,$33,$34,$38,$39,$3A,$3B,$3C
-    .byte $40,$41,$42,$43,$44,$48,$49,$4A,$4B,$4C
-
-decTenThousands   	.byte  0
-decThousands    	.byte  0
-decHundreds		.byte  0
-decTens			.byte  0
-decOnes   		.byte  0
-			.byte  0		; zero-terminate the decimal output string
-
-    }}
-}
-
-asmsub  byte2decimal  (byte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
-	; ---- A (signed byte) to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
-	;      note: if the number is negative, you have to deal with the '-' yourself!
-	%asm {{
-		cmp  #0
-		bpl  +
-		eor  #255
-		clc
-		adc  #1
-+		jmp  ubyte2decimal
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  ubyte2hex  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @A, ubyte @Y  {
-	; ---- A to hex petscii string in AY (first hex char in A, second hex char in Y)
-	%asm {{
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		phx
+		ldy  #0
+		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		jsr  conv.ubyte2decimal
+_output_byte_digits
+                ; hundreds?
+		cpy  #'0'
+		beq  +
 		pha
-		and  #$0f
-		tax
-		ldy  _hex_digits,x
+		tya
+		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		sta  string_out,y
 		pla
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		tax
-		lda  _hex_digits,x
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-
-_hex_digits	.text "0123456789abcdef"	; can probably be reused for other stuff as well
+		inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		; tens?
++		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                cmp  #'0'
+		beq  +
+		sta  string_out,y
+		iny
++               ; ones.
+                txa
+                sta  string_out,y
+                iny
+                lda  #0
+                sta  string_out,y
+                plx
+                rts
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  uword2hex  (uword value @AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
-	; ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y into 4-character hexadecimal string 'uword2hex.output' (0-terminated)
+asmsub  str_b  (byte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the byte in A in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		tya
-		jsr  ubyte2hex
-		sta  output
-		sty  output+1
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  ubyte2hex
-		sta  output+2
-		sty  output+3
-		rts
-output		.text  "0000", $00      ; 0-terminated output buffer (to make printing easier)
+            phx
+            ldy  #0
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            cmp  #0
+            bpl  +
+            pha
+            lda  #'-'
+            sta  string_out
+            inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            pla
++	    jsr  conv.byte2decimal
+            bra  str_ub._output_byte_digits
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_ubhex  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in hex string form
+	%asm {{
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2hex
+            sta  string_out
+            sty  string_out+1
+            lda  #0
+            sta  string_out+2
+            rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_ubbin  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in binary string form
+	%asm {{
+	    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+	    ldy  #0
+	    sty  string_out+8
+	    ldy  #7
+-	    lsr  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            bcc  +
+            lda  #'1'
+            bne  _digit
++           lda  #'0'
+_digit      sta  string_out,y
+            dey
+	    bpl  -
+	    rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uwbin  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in binary string form
+	%asm {{
+	    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	    tya
+	    jsr  str_ubbin
+	    ldy  #0
+	    sty  string_out+16
+	    ldy  #7
+-	    lsr  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            bcc  +
+            lda  #'1'
+            bne  _digit
++           lda  #'0'
+_digit      sta  string_out+8,y
+            dey
+	    bpl  -
+	    rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uwhex  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in hexadecimal string form (4 digits)
+	%asm {{
+            pha
+            tya
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2hex
+            sta  string_out
+            sty  string_out+1
+            pla
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2hex
+            sta  string_out+2
+            sty  string_out+3
+            lda  #0
+            sta  string_out+4
+            rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uw0  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in decimal string form, with left padding 0s (5 positions total)
+	%asm {{
+	    phx
+	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
+	    ldy  #0
+-           lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+            sta  string_out,y
+            beq  +
+            iny
+            bne  -
++           plx
+	    rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uw  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
+	%asm {{
+	    phx
+	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
+	    ldx  #0
+_output_digits
+	    ldy  #0
+-           lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+            beq  _allzero
+            cmp  #'0'
+            bne  _gotdigit
+            iny
+            bne  -
+_gotdigit   sta  string_out,x
+            inx
+            iny
+            lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+            bne  _gotdigit
+_end        lda  #0
+            sta  string_out,x
+            plx
+            rts
+
+_allzero    lda  #'0'
+            sta  string_out,x
+            inx
+            bne  _end
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_w  (word value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the (signed) word in A/Y in decimal string form, without left padding 0's
+	%asm {{
+	    cpy  #0
+	    bpl  str_uw
+	    phx
+	    pha
+	    lda  #'-'
+	    sta  string_out
+            tya
+            eor  #255
+            tay
+            pla
+            eor  #255
+            clc
+            adc  #1
+            bcc  +
+            iny
++	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
+	    ldx  #1
+	    bne  str_uw._output_digits
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +231,7 @@ asmsub  any2uword(str string @AY) clobbers(Y) -> ubyte @A {
 	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
 	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
 	ldy  #0
-	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1)
+	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
 	ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
 	cmp  #'$'
 	beq  _hex
@@ -520,4 +494,243 @@ _stop
 	}}
 }
 
+
+; ----- low level number conversions to decimal strings ----
+
+asmsub  ubyte2decimal  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+	; ---- A to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+	%asm {{
+		ldy  #uword2decimal.ASCII_0_OFFSET
+		bne  uword2decimal.hex_try200
+		rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+	;  ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y to decimal
+	;  output in uword2decimal.decTenThousands, decThousands, decHundreds, decTens, decOnes
+	;  (these are terminated by a zero byte so they can be easily printed)
+	;  also returns Y = 100's, A = 10's, X = 1's
+
+	%asm {{
+
+;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
+;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
+; routine from http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
+
+;HexToDec99
+; start in A
+; end with A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+
+;HexToDec255
+; start in A
+; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+
+;HexToDec999
+; start with A = high byte, Y = low byte
+; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+; requires 1 extra temp register on top of decOnes, could combine
+; these two if HexToDec65535 was eliminated...
+
+;HexToDec65535
+; start with A/Y (low/high) as 16 bit value
+; end with decTenThousand, decThousand, Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+; (irmen: I store Y and A in decHundreds and decTens too, so all of it can be easily printed)
+
+
+ASCII_0_OFFSET 	= $30
+temp       	    = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1	; byte in zeropage
+hexHigh      	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1	; byte in zeropage
+hexLow       	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1	; byte in zeropage
+
+
+HexToDec65535; SUBROUTINE
+    sty    hexHigh               ;3  @9
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @12
+    tya
+    tax                          ;2  @14
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @16
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @18   integer divide 1024 (result 0-63)
+
+    cpx    #$A7                  ;2  @20   account for overflow of multiplying 24 from 43,000 ($A7F8) onward,
+    adc    #1                    ;2  @22   we can just round it to $A700, and the divide by 1024 is fine...
+
+    ;at this point we have a number 1-65 that we have to times by 24,
+    ;add to original sum, and Mod 1024 to get a remainder 0-999
+
+
+    sta    temp                  ;3  @25
+    asl    a                     ;2  @27
+    adc    temp                  ;3  @30  x3
+    tay                          ;2  @32
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @34
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @36
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @38
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @40
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @42
+    tax                          ;2  @44
+    tya                          ;2  @46
+    asl    a                     ;2  @48
+    asl    a                     ;2  @50
+    asl    a                     ;2  @52
+    clc                          ;2  @54
+    adc    hexLow                ;3  @57
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @60
+    txa                          ;2  @62
+    adc    hexHigh               ;3  @65
+    sta    hexHigh               ;3  @68
+    ror    a                     ;2  @70
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @72
+    tay                          ;2  @74    integer divide 1,000 (result 0-65)
+
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @76    split the 1,000 and 10,000 digit
+    tax                          ;2  @78
+    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @82
+    tax                          ;2  @84
+    rol    a                     ;2  @86
+    and    #$0F                  ;2  @88
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decThousands          ;3  @91
+    txa                          ;2  @93
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @95
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @97
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @99
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decTenThousands       ;3  @102
+
+    lda    hexLow                ;3  @105
+    cpy    temp                  ;3  @108
+    bmi    _doSubtract           ;2³ @110/111
+    beq    _useZero               ;2³ @112/113
+    adc    #23 + 24              ;2  @114
+_doSubtract
+    sbc    #23                   ;2  @116
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @119
+_useZero
+    lda    hexHigh               ;3  @122
+    sbc    #0                    ;2  @124
+
+Start100s
+    and    #$03                  ;2  @126
+    tax                          ;2  @128   0,1,2,3
+    cmp    #2                    ;2  @130
+    rol    a                     ;2  @132   0,2,5,7
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    tay                          ;2  @134   Y = Hundreds digit
+
+    lda    hexLow                ;3  @137
+    adc    Mod100Tab,x           ;4  @141    adding remainder of 256, 512, and 256+512 (all mod 100)
+    bcs    hex_doSub200             ;2³ @143/144
+
+hex_try200
+    cmp    #200                  ;2  @145
+    bcc    hex_try100               ;2³ @147/148
+hex_doSub200
+    iny                          ;2  @149
+    iny                          ;2  @151
+    sbc    #200                  ;2  @153
+hex_try100
+    cmp    #100                  ;2  @155
+    bcc    HexToDec99            ;2³ @157/158
+    iny                          ;2  @159
+    sbc    #100                  ;2  @161
+
+HexToDec99; SUBROUTINE
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @163
+    tax                          ;2  @165
+    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @169
+    tax                          ;2  @171
+    rol    a                     ;2  @173
+    and    #$0F                  ;2  @175
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decOnes               ;3  @178
+    txa                          ;2  @180
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @182
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @184
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @186
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+
+    ; irmen: load X with ones, and store Y and A too, for easy printing afterwards
+    sty  decHundreds
+    sta  decTens
+    ldx  decOnes
+    rts                          ;6  @192   Y=hundreds, A = tens digit, X=ones digit
+
+
+HexToDec999; SUBROUTINE
+    sty    hexLow                ;3  @9
+    jmp    Start100s             ;3  @12
+
+Mod100Tab
+    .byte 0,56,12,56+12
+
+ShiftedBcdTab
+    .byte $00,$01,$02,$03,$04,$08,$09,$0A,$0B,$0C
+    .byte $10,$11,$12,$13,$14,$18,$19,$1A,$1B,$1C
+    .byte $20,$21,$22,$23,$24,$28,$29,$2A,$2B,$2C
+    .byte $30,$31,$32,$33,$34,$38,$39,$3A,$3B,$3C
+    .byte $40,$41,$42,$43,$44,$48,$49,$4A,$4B,$4C
+
+decTenThousands   	.byte  0
+decThousands    	.byte  0
+decHundreds		.byte  0
+decTens			.byte  0
+decOnes   		.byte  0
+			.byte  0		; zero-terminate the decimal output string
+
+    }}
+}
+
+asmsub  byte2decimal  (byte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+	; ---- A (signed byte) to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+	;      note: if the number is negative, you have to deal with the '-' yourself!
+	%asm {{
+		cmp  #0
+		bpl  +
+		eor  #255
+		clc
+		adc  #1
++		jmp  ubyte2decimal
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  ubyte2hex  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @A, ubyte @Y  {
+	; ---- A to hex petscii string in AY (first hex char in A, second hex char in Y)
+	%asm {{
+		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		pha
+		and  #$0f
+		tax
+		ldy  _hex_digits,x
+		pla
+		lsr  a
+		lsr  a
+		lsr  a
+		lsr  a
+		tax
+		lda  _hex_digits,x
+		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		rts
+
+_hex_digits	.text "0123456789abcdef"	; can probably be reused for other stuff as well
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  uword2hex  (uword value @AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y into 4-character hexadecimal string 'uword2hex.output' (0-terminated)
+	%asm {{
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		tya
+		jsr  ubyte2hex
+		sta  output
+		sty  output+1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		jsr  ubyte2hex
+		sta  output+2
+		sty  output+3
+		rts
+output		.text  "0000", $00      ; 0-terminated output buffer (to make printing easier)
+	}}
+}
+
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/floats.p8

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 %option enable_floats
 
 floats {
-	; ---- this block contains C-64 floating point related functions ----
+	; ---- this block contains C-64 compatible floating point related functions ----
+	;      the addresses are from cx16 V39 emulator and roms! they won't work on older versions.
+
 
         const float  PI     = 3.141592653589793
         const float  TWOPI  = 6.283185307179586
@@ -43,46 +45,44 @@ romsub $fe1e = NORMAL() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; normalize fac1 (?)
 romsub $fe24 = LOG() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = LN(fac1)  (natural log)
 romsub $fe27 = FMULT(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; fac1 *= mflpt value from A/Y
 romsub $fe2a = FMULTT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 *= fac2
-romsub $fe33 = CONUPK(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)       ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac2
-romsub $fe36 = MUL10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 *= 10
-romsub $fe3c = DIV10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 /= 10 , CAUTION: result is always positive!
-romsub $fe3f = FDIV(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = mflpt in A/Y / fac1  (remainder in fac2)
-romsub $fe42 = FDIVT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2/fac1  (remainder in fac2)  mind the order of the operands
+romsub $fe30 = CONUPK(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)     ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac2
+romsub $fe33 = MUL10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 *= 10
+romsub $fe36 = DIV10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 /= 10 , CAUTION: result is always positive!
+romsub $fe39 = FDIV(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = mflpt in A/Y / fac1  (remainder in fac2)
+romsub $fe3c = FDIVT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2/fac1  (remainder in fac2)  mind the order of the operands
 
-romsub $fe48 = MOVFM(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)        ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac1
-romsub $fe4b = MOVMF(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,Y)        ; store fac1 to memory  X/Y as 5-byte mflpt
-romsub $fe4e = MOVFA() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac2 to fac1
-romsub $fe51 = MOVAF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2  (rounded)
-romsub $fe54 = MOVEF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
-romsub $fe5a = SIGN() -> ubyte @ A                          ; SIGN(fac1) to A, $ff, $0, $1 for negative, zero, positive
-romsub $fe5d = SGN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SGN(fac1), result of SIGN (-1, 0 or 1)
-romsub $fe60 = FREADSA(byte value @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; 8 bit signed A -> float in fac1
-romsub $fe6c = ABS()                                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
-romsub $fe6f = FCOMP(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; A = compare fac1 to mflpt in A/Y, 0=equal 1=fac1 is greater, 255=fac1 is less than
-romsub $fe78 = INT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; INT() truncates, use FADDH first to round instead of trunc
-romsub $fe7e = FINLOG(byte value @A) clobbers (A, X, Y)           ; fac1 += signed byte in A
-romsub $fe81 = FOUT() clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY             ; fac1 -> string, address returned in AY
-romsub $fe8a = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
-romsub $fe8d = FPWRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2 ** fac1
-; note: there is no FPWR() on the Cx16
-romsub $fe93 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1
-romsub $fe96 = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
-romsub $fe9f = RND2(byte value @A) clobbers(A,X,Y)                ; fac1 = RND(A) float random number generator
-romsub $fea2 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
-romsub $fea5 = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
-romsub $fea8 = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)
-romsub $feab = TAN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = TAN(fac1)
-romsub $feae = ATN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ATN(fac1)
+romsub $fe42 = MOVFM(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac1
+romsub $fe45 = MOVMF(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; store fac1 to memory  X/Y as 5-byte mflpt
+romsub $fe48 = MOVFA() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac2 to fac1
+romsub $fe4b = MOVAF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2  (rounded)
+romsub $fe4e = MOVEF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
+romsub $fe54 = SIGN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A            ; SIGN(fac1) to A, $ff, $0, $1 for negative, zero, positive
+romsub $fe57 = SGN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SGN(fac1), result of SIGN (-1, 0 or 1)
+romsub $fe5a = FREADSA(byte value @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; 8 bit signed A -> float in fac1
+romsub $fe66 = ABS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
+romsub $fe69 = FCOMP(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; A = compare fac1 to mflpt in A/Y, 0=equal 1=fac1 is greater, 255=fac1 is less than
+romsub $fe72 = INT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; INT() truncates, use FADDH first to round instead of trunc
+romsub $fe78 = FINLOG(byte value @A) clobbers (A, X, Y)           ; fac1 += signed byte in A
+romsub $fe7b = FOUT() clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY             ; fac1 -> string, address returned in AY
+romsub $fe81 = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
+romsub $fe84 = FPWRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2 ** fac1
+romsub $fe8a = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1 (fac1 = -fac1)
+romsub $fe8d = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
+romsub $fe96 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
+romsub $fe99 = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
+romsub $fe9c = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)
+romsub $fe9f = TAN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = TAN(fac1)
+romsub $fea2 = ATN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ATN(fac1)
 
 
 asmsub  GIVUAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	; ---- unsigned 16 bit word in A/Y (lo/hi) to fac1
 	%asm {{
         phx
-        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+        sta  _tmp
         sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
         tya
-        ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+        ldy  _tmp
         jsr  GIVAYF                 ; load it as signed... correct afterwards
         lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 	    bpl  +
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ asmsub  GIVUAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	    jsr  FADD
 +	    plx
         rts
+_tmp        .byte 0
 _flt65536    .byte 145,0,0,0,0       ; 65536.0
 	}}
 }
@@ -128,6 +129,14 @@ asmsub  GETADRAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
 	}}
 }
 
+asmsub  FREADUY (ubyte value @Y) {
+    ; -- 8 bit unsigned Y -> float in fac1
+    %asm {{
+        lda  #0
+        jmp  GIVAYF
+    }}
+}
+
 sub  print_f  (float value) {
 	; ---- prints the floating point value (without a newline).
 	%asm {{

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/gfx2.p8

@@ -1,33 +1,42 @@
 %target cx16
 
-; Bitmap pixel graphics module for the CommanderX16
+; Bitmap pixel graphics routines for the CommanderX16
 ; Custom routines to use the full-screen 640x480 and 320x240 screen modes.
-; This only works on the Cx16. No text layer is currently shown, text can be drawn as part of the bitmap itself.
-; Note: for compatible graphics code that words on C64 too, use the "graphics" module instead.
-; Note: there is no color palette manipulation here, you have to do that yourself or use the "palette" module.
+; (These modes are not supported by the documented GRAPH_xxxx kernal routines)
+;
+; No text layer is currently shown, text can be drawn as part of the bitmap itself.
+; Note: for similar graphics routines that also work on the C-64, use the "graphics" module instead.
+; Note: for color palette manipulation, use the "palette" module or write Vera registers yourself.
+; Note: this library implements code for various resolutions and color depths. This takes up memory.
+;       If you're memory constrained you should probably not use this built-in library,
+;       but make a copy in your project only containing the code for the required resolution.
+;
+;
+; SCREEN MODE LIST:
+;   mode 0 = reset back to default text mode
+;   mode 1 = bitmap 320 x 240 monochrome
+;   mode 2 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 4c (TODO not yet implemented)
+;   mode 3 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 16c (TODO not yet implemented)
+;   mode 4 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 256c
+;   mode 5 = bitmap 640 x 480 monochrome
+;   mode 6 = bitmap 640 x 480 x 4c
+;   higher color dephts in highres are not supported due to lack of VRAM
 
 ; TODO can we make a FB vector table and emulation routines for the Cx16s' GRAPH_init() call? to replace the builtin 320x200 fb driver?
 
 gfx2 {
 
     ; read-only control variables:
-    ubyte active_mode = 255
+    ubyte active_mode = 0
     uword width = 0
     uword height = 0
     ubyte bpp = 0
     ubyte monochrome_dont_stipple_flag = false            ; set to false to enable stippling mode in monochrome displaymodes
 
     sub screen_mode(ubyte mode) {
-        ; mode 0 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 1c monochrome
-        ; mode 1 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 256c
-        ; mode 128 = bitmap 640 x 480 x 1c monochrome
-        ; ...other modes?
-
-        ; copy the lower-case charset to the upper part of the vram, so we can use it later to plot text
-
         when mode {
-            0 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 1c
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
                 cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 64
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 64
@@ -38,8 +47,9 @@ gfx2 {
                 height = 240
                 bpp = 1
             }
-            1 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 256c
+            ; TODO modes 2, 3 not yet implemented
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
                 cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 64
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 64
@@ -50,8 +60,8 @@ gfx2 {
                 height = 240
                 bpp = 8
             }
-            128 -> {
-                ; 640 x 480 x 1c
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
                 cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 128
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 128
@@ -62,13 +72,26 @@ gfx2 {
                 height = 480
                 bpp = 1
             }
-            255 -> {
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
+                cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 128
+                cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 128
+                cx16.VERA_L1_CONFIG = %00000101
+                cx16.VERA_L1_MAPBASE = 0
+                cx16.VERA_L1_TILEBASE = %00000001
+                width = 640
+                height = 480
+                bpp = 2
+            }
+            else -> {
                 ; back to default text mode and colors
                 cx16.VERA_CTRL = %10000000      ; reset VERA and palette
                 c64.CINT()      ; back to text mode
                 width = 0
                 height = 0
                 bpp = 0
+                mode = 0
             }
         }
 
@@ -81,21 +104,28 @@ gfx2 {
         monochrome_stipple(false)
         position(0, 0)
         when active_mode {
-            0 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 1c
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 repeat 240/2/8
                     cs_innerloop640()
             }
-            1 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 256c
+            ; TODO mode 2, 3
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
                 repeat 240/2
                     cs_innerloop640()
             }
-            128 -> {
-                ; 640 x 480 x 1c
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 repeat 480/8
                     cs_innerloop640()
             }
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                repeat 480/4
+                    cs_innerloop640()
+            }
+            ; modes 7 and 8 not supported due to lack of VRAM
         }
         position(0, 0)
     }
@@ -130,35 +160,13 @@ gfx2 {
         if length==0
             return
         when active_mode {
-            1 -> {
-                ; 8bpp mode
-                position(x, y)
-                %asm {{
-                    lda  color
-                    phx
-                    ldx  length+1
-                    beq  +
-                    ldy  #0
--                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    iny
-                    bne  -
-                    dex
-                    bne  -
-+                   ldy  length     ; remaining
-                    beq  +
--                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    dey
-                    bne  -
-+                   plx
-                }}
-            }
-            0, 128 -> {
-                ; 1 bpp mode
+            1, 5 -> {
+                ; monochrome modes, either resolution
                 ubyte separate_pixels = (8-lsb(x)) & 7
                 if separate_pixels as uword > length
                     separate_pixels = lsb(length)
                 repeat separate_pixels {
-                    ; this could be  optimized by setting this byte in 1 go but probably not worth it due to code size
+                    ; TODO optimize this by writing a masked byte in 1 go
                     plot(x, y, color)
                     x++
                 }
@@ -200,116 +208,226 @@ _loop                   lda  length
 _done
                     }}
                     repeat separate_pixels {
-                        ; this could be  optimized by setting this byte in 1 go but probably not worth it due to code size
+                        ; TODO optimize this by writing a masked byte in 1 go
                         plot(x, y, color)
                         x++
                     }
                 }
-                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111)   ; vera auto-increment off again
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H &= %00000111   ; vera auto-increment off again
+            }
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                position(x, y)
+                %asm {{
+                    lda  color
+                    phx
+                    ldx  length+1
+                    beq  +
+                    ldy  #0
+-                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                    iny
+                    bne  -
+                    dex
+                    bne  -
++                   ldy  length     ; remaining
+                    beq  +
+-                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                    dey
+                    bne  -
++                   plx
+                }}
+            }
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                ; TODO also mostly usable for lores 4c?
+                color &= 3
+                ubyte[4] colorbits
+                ubyte ii
+                for ii in 3 downto 0 {
+                    colorbits[ii] = color
+                    color <<= 2
+                }
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                %asm {{
+                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    and  #%00000111         ; no auto advance
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL     ; setup vera addr 0
+                    lda  cx16.r1
+                    and  #1
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    lda  cx16.r0
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                    lda  cx16.r0+1
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                    phx
+                    ldx  x
+                }}
+
+                repeat length {
+                    %asm {{
+                        txa
+                        and  #3
+                        tay
+                        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        and  gfx2.plot.mask4c,y
+                        ora  colorbits,y
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        cpy  #%00000011         ; next vera byte?
+                        bne  +
+                        inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                        bne  +
+                        inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
++                       bne  +
+                        inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
++                       inx                     ; next pixel
+                    }}
+                }
+
+                %asm {{
+                    plx
+                }}
             }
         }
     }
 
     sub vertical_line(uword x, uword y, uword height, ubyte color) {
         position(x,y)
-        if active_mode==1 {
-            ; set vera auto-increment to 320 pixel increment (=next line)
-            cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111) | (14<<4)
-            %asm {{
-                ldy  height
-                beq  +
-                lda  color
--               sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                dey
-                bne  -
-+
-            }}
-            return
-        }
-
-        ; note for the 1 bpp modes we can't use vera's auto increment mode because we have to 'or' the pixel data in place.
-        cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111)   ; no auto advance
-        cx16.r15 = gfx2.plot.bits[x as ubyte & 7]           ; bitmask
-        if active_mode>=128
-            cx16.r14 = 640/8
-        else
-            cx16.r14 = 320/8
-        if color {
-            if monochrome_dont_stipple_flag {
-                repeat height {
-                    %asm {{
-                        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                        ora  cx16.r15
-                        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                        lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                        clc
-                        adc  cx16.r14                 ; advance vera ptr to go to the next line
-                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                        lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                        adc  #0
-                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                        ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H     ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
-                        ; adc  #0
-                        ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-                    }}
+        when active_mode {
+            1, 5 -> {
+                ; monochrome, either resolution
+                ; note for the 1 bpp modes we can't use vera's auto increment mode because we have to 'or' the pixel data in place.
+                ; TODO use TWO vera adress pointers simultaneously one for reading, one for writing, so auto-increment IS possible
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H &= %00000111   ; no auto advance
+                cx16.r15 = gfx2.plot.bits[x as ubyte & 7]           ; bitmask
+                if active_mode>=5
+                    cx16.r14 = 640/8
+                else
+                    cx16.r14 = 320/8
+                if color {
+                    if monochrome_dont_stipple_flag {
+                        repeat height {
+                            %asm {{
+                                lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                                ora  cx16.r15
+                                sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                                lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                                clc
+                                adc  cx16.r14                 ; advance vera ptr to go to the next line
+                                sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                                lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                                adc  #0
+                                sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                                ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H     ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
+                                ; adc  #0
+                                ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                            }}
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        ; stippling.
+                        height = (height+1)/2       ; TODO is the line sometimes 1 pixel too long now because of rounding?
+                        %asm {{
+                            lda x
+                            eor y
+                            and #1
+                            bne +
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                            clc
+                            adc  cx16.r14                ; advance vera ptr to go to the next line for correct stipple pattern
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                            adc  #0
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        +
+                            asl  cx16.r14
+                            ldy  height
+                            beq  +
+        -                   lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                            ora  cx16.r15
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                            clc
+                            adc  cx16.r14               ; advance vera data ptr to go to the next-next line
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                            adc  #0
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                            ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H      ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
+                            ; adc  #0
+                            ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                            dey
+                            bne  -
+        +
+                        }}
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    cx16.r15 = ~cx16.r15
+                    repeat height {
+                        %asm {{
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                            and  cx16.r15
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                            clc
+                            adc  cx16.r14             ; advance vera data ptr to go to the next line
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                            adc  #0
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                            ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part:
+                            ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                            ; adc  #0
+                            ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                        }}
+                    }
                 }
-            } else {
-                ; stippling.
-                height = (height+1)/2
+            }
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                ; set vera auto-increment to 320 pixel increment (=next line)
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111 | (14<<4)
                 %asm {{
-                    lda x
-                    eor y
-                    and #1
-                    bne +
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    clc
-                    adc  cx16.r14                ; advance vera ptr to go to the next line for correct stipple pattern
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    adc  #0
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-+
-                    asl  cx16.r14
                     ldy  height
                     beq  +
--                   lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    ora  cx16.r15
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    clc
-                    adc  cx16.r14               ; advance vera data ptr to go to the next-next line
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    adc  #0
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H      ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
-                    ; adc  #0
-                    ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    lda  color
+-                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
                     dey
                     bne  -
 +
                 }}
             }
-        } else {
-            cx16.r15 = ~cx16.r15
-            repeat height {
-                %asm {{
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    and  cx16.r15
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    clc
-                    adc  cx16.r14             ; advance vera data ptr to go to the next line
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    adc  #0
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H      ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
-                    ; adc  #0
-                    ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-                }}
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                ; note for this mode we can't use vera's auto increment mode because we have to 'or' the pixel data in place.
+                ; TODO use TWO vera adress pointers simultaneously one for reading, one for writing, so auto-increment IS possible
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H &= %00000111   ; no auto advance
+                ; TODO also mostly usable for lores 4c?
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+
+                ; TODO optimize this vertical line loop in pure assembly
+                color &= 3
+                color <<= gfx2.plot.shift4c[lsb(x) & 3]
+                ubyte mask = gfx2.plot.mask4c[lsb(x) & 3]
+                repeat height {
+                    ubyte value = cx16.vpeek(lsb(cx16.r1), cx16.r0) & mask | color
+                    cx16.vpoke(lsb(cx16.r1), cx16.r0, value)
+                    %asm {{
+                        ; 24 bits add 160 (640/4)
+                        clc
+                        lda  cx16.r0
+                        adc  #640/4
+                        sta  cx16.r0
+                        lda  cx16.r0+1
+                        adc  #0
+                        sta  cx16.r0+1
+                        bcc  +
+                        inc  cx16.r1
++
+                    }}
+                }
             }
         }
+
     }
 
     sub line(uword @zp x1, uword @zp y1, uword @zp x2, uword @zp y2, ubyte color) {
@@ -320,42 +438,41 @@ _done
             swap(x1, x2)
             swap(y1, y2)
         }
-        word @zp dx = x2-x1 as word
-        word @zp dy = y2-y1 as word
+        word @zp dx = (x2 as word)-x1
+        word @zp dy = (y2 as word)-y1
 
         if dx==0 {
-            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy)+1 as uword, color)
+            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy) as uword +1, color)
             return
         }
         if dy==0 {
             if x1>x2
                 x1=x2
-            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx)+1 as uword, color)
+            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx) as uword +1, color)
             return
         }
 
-        ; TODO rewrite the rest in optimized assembly (or reuse GRAPH_draw_line if we can get the FB replacement vector layer working)
         word @zp d = 0
-        ubyte positive_ix = true
+        cx16.r13 = true      ; 'positive_ix'
         if dx < 0 {
             dx = -dx
-            positive_ix = false
+            cx16.r13 = false
         }
-        dx *= 2
-        dy *= 2
+        word @zp dx2 = dx*2
+        word @zp dy2 = dy*2
         cx16.r14 = x1       ; internal plot X
 
         if dx >= dy {
-            if positive_ix {
+            if cx16.r13 {
                 repeat {
                     plot(cx16.r14, y1, color)
                     if cx16.r14==x2
                         return
                     cx16.r14++
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -364,25 +481,25 @@ _done
                     if cx16.r14==x2
                         return
                     cx16.r14--
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         else {
-            if positive_ix {
+            if cx16.r13 {
                 repeat {
                     plot(cx16.r14, y1, color)
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         cx16.r14++
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -391,10 +508,10 @@ _done
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         cx16.r14--
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -468,11 +585,14 @@ _done
 
     sub plot(uword @zp x, uword y, ubyte color) {
         ubyte[8] bits = [128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1]
+        ubyte[4] mask4c = [%00111111, %11001111, %11110011, %11111100]
+        ubyte[4] shift4c = [6,4,2,0]
         uword addr
         ubyte value
 
         when active_mode {
-            0 -> {
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 %asm {{
                     lda  x
                     eor  y
@@ -490,7 +610,16 @@ _done
                     }
                 }
             }
-            128 -> {
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                void addr_mul_24_for_lores_256c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                cx16.vpoke(lsb(cx16.r1), cx16.r0, color)
+                ; activate vera auto-increment mode so next_pixel() can be used after this
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111 | %00010000
+                color = cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            }
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 %asm {{
                     lda  x
                     eor  y
@@ -508,30 +637,44 @@ _done
                     }
                 }
             }
-            1 -> {
-                void addr_mul_320_add_24(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L
-                value = lsb(cx16.r1)
-                cx16.vpoke(value, cx16.r0, color)
-                ; activate vera auto-increment mode so next_pixel() can be used after this
-                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111) | %00010000
-                color = cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                ; TODO also mostly usable for lores 4c?
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                color &= 3
+                color <<= shift4c[lsb(x) & 3]
+                ; TODO optimize the vera memory manipulation in pure assembly
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H &= %00000111   ; no auto advance
+                value = cx16.vpeek(lsb(cx16.r1), cx16.r0) & mask4c[lsb(x) & 3] | color
+                cx16.vpoke(lsb(cx16.r1), cx16.r0, value)
             }
         }
     }
 
     sub position(uword @zp x, uword y) {
+        ubyte bank
         when active_mode {
-            0 -> {
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 cx16.r0 = y*(320/8) + x/8
                 cx16.vaddr(0, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
             }
-            128 -> {
+            ; TODO modes 2,3
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                void addr_mul_24_for_lores_256c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
+                cx16.vaddr(bank, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
+            }
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 cx16.r0 = y*(640/8) + x/8
                 cx16.vaddr(0, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
             }
-            1 -> {
-                void addr_mul_320_add_24(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L
-                ubyte bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
                 cx16.vaddr(bank, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
             }
         }
@@ -541,6 +684,7 @@ _done
         ; -- sets the next pixel byte to the graphics chip.
         ;    for 8 bpp screens this will plot 1 pixel.
         ;    for 1 bpp screens it will plot 8 pixels at once (color = bit pattern).
+        ;    for 2 bpp screens it will plot 4 pixels at once (color = bit pattern).
         %asm {{
             sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
         }}
@@ -550,6 +694,7 @@ _done
         ; -- sets the next bunch of pixels from a prepared array of bytes.
         ;    for 8 bpp screens this will plot 1 pixel per byte.
         ;    for 1 bpp screens it will plot 8 pixels at once (colors are the bit patterns per byte).
+        ;    for 2 bpp screens it will plot 4 pixels at once (colors are the bit patterns per byte).
         %asm {{
             phx
             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -614,13 +759,13 @@ _done
     sub text(uword @zp x, uword y, ubyte color, uword sctextptr) {
         ; -- Write some text at the given pixel position. The text string must be in screencode encoding (not petscii!).
         ;    You must also have called text_charset() first to select and prepare the character set to use.
-        ;    NOTE: in monochrome (1bpp) screen modes, x position is currently constrained to mulitples of 8 !
+        ;    NOTE: in monochrome (1bpp) screen modes, x position is currently constrained to mulitples of 8 !  TODO allow per-pixel horizontal positioning
         uword chardataptr
         when active_mode {
-            0, 128 -> {
-                ; 1-bitplane modes
+            1, 5 -> {
+                ; monochrome mode, either resolution
                 cx16.r2 = 40
-                if active_mode>=128
+                if active_mode>=5
                     cx16.r2 = 80
                 while @(sctextptr) {
                     chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
@@ -660,12 +805,13 @@ _done
                     sctextptr++
                 }
             }
-            1 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 256c
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
                 while @(sctextptr) {
                     chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
                     cx16.vaddr(charset_bank, chardataptr, 1, 1)
                     repeat 8 {
+                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop fully in assembly
                         position(x,y)
                         y++
                         %asm {{
@@ -689,6 +835,28 @@ _done
                     sctextptr++
                 }
             }
+            6 -> {
+                ; hires 4c
+                while @(sctextptr) {
+                    chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
+                    repeat 8 {
+                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop fully in assembly
+                        ubyte charbits = cx16.vpeek(charset_bank, chardataptr)
+                        repeat 8 {
+                            charbits <<= 1
+                            if_cs
+                                plot(x, y, color)
+                            x++
+                        }
+                        x-=8
+                        chardataptr++
+                        y++
+                    }
+                    x+=8
+                    y-=8
+                    sctextptr++
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -709,48 +877,98 @@ _done
         }}
     }
 
-    asmsub addr_mul_320_add_24(uword address @R0, uword value @AY) clobbers(A) -> uword @R0, ubyte @R1  {
-            %asm {{
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  cx16.r0
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-                lda  cx16.r0+1
-                sta  cx16.r1
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                lda  cx16.r0
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                sta  cx16.r0
-                lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-                clc
-                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                sta  cx16.r0+1
-                bcc  +
-                inc  cx16.r1
-+		        ; now add the value to this 24-bits number
-                lda  cx16.r0
-                clc
-                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sta  cx16.r0
-                lda  cx16.r0+1
-                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                sta  cx16.r0+1
-                bcc  +
-                inc  cx16.r1
-+               lda  cx16.r1
-                rts
-            }}
-        }
+    asmsub addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(uword yy @R2, uword xx @R3)  clobbers(A, Y) -> uword @R0, uword @R1 {
+        ; yy * 160 + xx/4  (24 bits calculation)
+        ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+        %asm {{
+            ldy  #5
+-           asl  cx16.r2
+            rol  cx16.r2+1
+            dey
+            bne  -
+            lda  cx16.r2
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r2+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            asl  cx16.r0
+            rol  cx16.r0+1
+            asl  cx16.r0
+            rol  cx16.r0+1
+
+            ; xx >>= 2  (xx=R3)
+            lsr  cx16.r3+1
+            ror  cx16.r3
+            lsr  cx16.r3+1
+            ror  cx16.r3
+
+            ; add r2 and xx (r3) to r0 (24-bits)
+            stz  cx16.r1
+            clc
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            adc  cx16.r2
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            adc  cx16.r2+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++           clc
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            adc  cx16.r3
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            adc  cx16.r3+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
+
+    asmsub addr_mul_24_for_lores_256c(uword yy @R0, uword xx @AY) clobbers(A) -> uword @R0, ubyte @R1  {
+        ; yy * 320 + xx (24 bits calculation)
+        %asm {{
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            sta  cx16.r1
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            clc
+            adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++           ; now add the value to this 24-bits number
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            clc
+            adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++           lda  cx16.r1
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
 
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/graphics.p8

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 ; Bitmap pixel graphics module for the CommanderX16
 ; wraps the graphics functions that are in ROM.
-; only black/white monchrome 320x200 for now. (i.e. truncated at the bottom)
+; only black/white monochrome 320x200 for now. (i.e. truncated at the bottom)
 ; For full-screen 640x480 or 320x240 graphics, use the "gfx2" module instead. (but that is Cx16-specific)
 ; Note: there is no color palette manipulation here, you have to do that yourself or use the "palette" module.
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/palette.p8

@@ -9,34 +9,46 @@ palette {
     ubyte c
 
     sub set_color(ubyte index, uword color) {
-        cx16.vpoke(1, $fa00+index*2, lsb(color))
-        cx16.vpoke(1, $fa01+index*2, msb(color))
+        vera_palette_ptr = $fa00+index*2
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, lsb(color))
+        vera_palette_ptr++
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, msb(color))
     }
 
-    sub set_rgb4(uword palletteptr, uword num_colors) {
+    sub set_rgb4(uword palette_bytes_ptr, uword num_colors) {
         ; 2 bytes per color entry, the Vera uses this, but the R/GB bytes order is swapped
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
         repeat num_colors {
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr+1, @(palletteptr))
-            palletteptr++
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, @(palletteptr))
-            palletteptr++
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr+1, @(palette_bytes_ptr))
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, @(palette_bytes_ptr))
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
             vera_palette_ptr+=2
         }
     }
 
-    sub set_rgb8(uword palletteptr, uword num_colors) {
+    sub set_rgb(uword palette_words_ptr, uword num_colors) {
+        ; 1 word per color entry (in little endian format so $gb0r)
+        vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
+        repeat num_colors*2 {
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, @(palette_words_ptr))
+            palette_words_ptr++
+            vera_palette_ptr++
+        }
+    }
+
+    sub set_rgb8(uword palette_bytes_ptr, uword num_colors) {
         ; 3 bytes per color entry, adjust color depth from 8 to 4 bits per channel.
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
         ubyte red
         ubyte greenblue
         repeat num_colors {
-            red = @(palletteptr) >> 4
-            palletteptr++
-            greenblue = @(palletteptr) & %11110000
-            palletteptr++
-            greenblue |= @(palletteptr) >> 4    ; add Blue
-            palletteptr++
+            red = @(palette_bytes_ptr) >> 4
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
+            greenblue = @(palette_bytes_ptr) & %11110000
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
+            greenblue |= @(palette_bytes_ptr) >> 4    ; add Blue
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
             cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, greenblue)
             vera_palette_ptr++
             cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, red)
@@ -44,16 +56,16 @@ palette {
         }
     }
 
-    sub set_monochrome() {
+    sub set_monochrome(uword screencolorRGB, uword drawcolorRGB) {
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
-        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 0)
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, lsb(screencolorRGB))   ; G,B
         vera_palette_ptr++
-        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 0)
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, msb(screencolorRGB))   ; R
         vera_palette_ptr++
         repeat 255 {
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 255)
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, lsb(drawcolorRGB)) ; G,B
             vera_palette_ptr++
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 255)
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, msb(drawcolorRGB)) ; R
             vera_palette_ptr++
         }
     }
@@ -88,7 +100,7 @@ palette {
         $666,  ; 12 = medium grey
         $9D8,  ; 13 = light green
         $65B,  ; 14 = light blue
-        $999  ; 15 = light grey
+        $999   ; 15 = light grey
     ]
 
     uword[] C64_colorpalette_pepto = [  ; # this is Pepto's Commodore-64 palette  http://www.pepto.de/projects/colorvic/
@@ -107,7 +119,7 @@ palette {
         $777,  ; 12 = medium grey
         $af9,  ; 13 = light green
         $76e,  ; 14 = light blue
-        $bbb  ; 15 = light grey
+        $bbb   ; 15 = light grey
     ]
 
     uword[] C64_colorpalette_light = [  ; this is a lighter palette

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/syslib.p8

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ romsub $FF8D = VECTOR(uword userptr @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)     ; re
 romsub $FF90 = SETMSG(ubyte value @ A)                          ; set Kernal message control flag
 romsub $FF93 = SECOND(ubyte address @ A) clobbers(A)            ; (alias: LSTNSA) send secondary address after LISTEN
 romsub $FF96 = TKSA(ubyte address @ A) clobbers(A)              ; (alias: TALKSA) send secondary address after TALK
-romsub $FF99 = MEMTOP(uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY     ; read/set top of memory  pointer.   NOTE: as a Cx16 extension, also returns the number of RAM memory banks in register A !  See MEMTOP2
+romsub $FF99 = MEMTOP(uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY     ; read/set top of memory  pointer.   NOTE: as a Cx16 extension, also returns the number of RAM memory banks in register A !  See cx16.numbanks()
 romsub $FF9C = MEMBOT(uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY     ; read/set bottom of memory  pointer
 romsub $FF9F = SCNKEY() clobbers(A,X,Y)                         ; scan the keyboard
 romsub $FFA2 = SETTMO(ubyte timeout @ A)                        ; set time-out flag for IEEE bus
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ romsub $FFAE = UNLSN() clobbers(A)                              ; command serial
 romsub $FFB1 = LISTEN(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)             ; command serial bus device to LISTEN
 romsub $FFB4 = TALK(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)               ; command serial bus device to TALK
 romsub $FFB7 = READST() -> ubyte @ A                            ; read I/O status word
-romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte address @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
+romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte secondary @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
 romsub $FFBD = SETNAM(ubyte namelen @ A, str filename @ XY)     ; set filename parameters
 romsub $FFC0 = OPEN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @A      ; (via 794 ($31A)) open a logical file
 romsub $FFC3 = CLOSE(ubyte logical @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)         ; (via 796 ($31C)) close a logical file
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ romsub $FFC9 = CHKOUT(ubyte logical @ X) clobbers(A,X)          ; (via 800 ($320
 romsub $FFCC = CLRCHN() clobbers(A,X)                           ; (via 802 ($322)) restore default devices
 romsub $FFCF = CHRIN() clobbers(X, Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; (via 804 ($324)) input a character (for keyboard, read a whole line from the screen) A=byte read.
 romsub $FFD2 = CHROUT(ubyte char @ A)                           ; (via 806 ($326)) output a character
-romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
-romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A                    ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
+romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, uword @ XY     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
+romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A          ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
 romsub $FFDB = SETTIM(ubyte low @ A, ubyte middle @ X, ubyte high @ Y)      ; set the software clock
-romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock
+romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock (A=lo,X=mid,Y=high)
 romsub $FFE1 = STOP() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Pz, ubyte @ A      ; (via 808 ($328)) check the STOP key (and some others in A)
 romsub $FFE4 = GETIN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A    ; (via 810 ($32A)) get a character
 romsub $FFE7 = CLALL() clobbers(A,X)                            ; (via 812 ($32C)) close all files
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ asmsub STOP2() -> ubyte @A  {
 }
 
 asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
-    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits for convenience
+    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits in AY for convenience
     %asm {{
         phx
         jsr  c64.RDTIM
@@ -87,25 +87,15 @@ asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
     }}
 }
 
-asmsub MEMTOP2() -> ubyte @A {
-    ; -- uses MEMTOP's cx16 extension to query the number of available RAM banks.
-    %asm {{
-        phx
-        sec
-        jsr  c64.MEMTOP
-        plx
-        rts
-    }}
-}
-
 }
 
 cx16 {
 
-; 65c02 hardware vectors:
-    &uword  NMI_VEC         = $FFFA     ; 6502 nmi vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
-    &uword  RESET_VEC       = $FFFC     ; 6502 reset vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
-    &uword  IRQ_VEC         = $FFFE     ; 6502 interrupt vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
+; irq and hardware vectors:
+    &uword  CINV            = $0314     ; IRQ vector (in ram)
+    &uword  NMI_VEC         = $FFFA     ; 65c02 nmi vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
+    &uword  RESET_VEC       = $FFFC     ; 65c02 reset vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
+    &uword  IRQ_VEC         = $FFFE     ; 65c02 interrupt vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
 
 
 ; the sixteen virtual 16-bit registers
@@ -171,7 +161,7 @@ cx16 {
 
 ; I/O
 
-    const uword  via1   = $9f60                  ;VIA 6522 #1
+    const uword  via1   = $9f00                  ;VIA 6522 #1
     &ubyte  d1prb	= via1+0
     &ubyte  d1pra	= via1+1
     &ubyte  d1ddrb	= via1+2
@@ -189,7 +179,7 @@ cx16 {
     &ubyte  d1ier	= via1+14
     &ubyte  d1ora	= via1+15
 
-    const uword  via2   = $9f70                  ;VIA 6522 #2
+    const uword  via2   = $9f10                  ;VIA 6522 #2
     &ubyte  d2prb	= via2+0
     &ubyte  d2pra	= via2+1
     &ubyte  d2ddrb	= via2+2
@@ -207,6 +197,11 @@ cx16 {
     &ubyte  d2ier	= via2+14
     &ubyte  d2ora	= via2+15
 
+    &ubyte  ym2151adr	= $9f40
+    &ubyte  ym2151dat	= $9f41
+
+    const uword  extdev	= $9f60
+
 
 ; ---- Commander X-16 additions on top of C64 kernal routines ----
 ; spelling of the names is taken from the Commander X-16 rom sources
@@ -293,16 +288,25 @@ romsub $fecc = monitor()  clobbers(A,X,Y)
 inline asmsub rombank(ubyte rombank @A) {
     ; -- set the rom banks
     %asm {{
-        sta  $01            ; rom bank register (new)
-        sta  cx16.d1prb     ; rom bank register (old)
+        sta  $01            ; rom bank register (v39+, used to be cx16.d1prb $9f60 in v38)
     }}
 }
 
 inline asmsub rambank(ubyte rambank @A) {
     ; -- set the ram bank
     %asm {{
-        sta  $00            ; ram bank register (new)
-        sta  cx16.d1pra     ; ram bank register (old)
+        sta  $00            ; ram bank register (v39+, used to be cx16.d1pra $9f61 in v38)
+    }}
+}
+
+asmsub numbanks() -> ubyte @A {
+    ; -- uses MEMTOP's cx16 extension to query the number of available RAM banks. (each is 8 Kb)
+    %asm {{
+        phx
+        sec
+        jsr  c64.MEMTOP
+        plx
+        rts
     }}
 }
 
@@ -349,75 +353,126 @@ asmsub vaddr(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte addrsel @R1, byte autoIncrO
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers(A) {
-        ; -- write a single byte to VERA's video memory
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            sty  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- write a single byte to VERA's video memory
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        sty  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke_or(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers (A) {
-        ; -- or a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            tya
-            ora  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- or a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        tya
+        ora  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke_and(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers(A) {
-        ; -- and a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            tya
-            and  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- and a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        tya
+        and  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke_xor(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers (A) {
-        ; -- xor a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            tya
-            eor  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- xor a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        tya
+        eor  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
+asmsub vload(str name @R0, ubyte device @Y, ubyte bank @A, uword address @R1) -> ubyte @A {
+    ; -- like the basic command VLOAD "filename",device,bank,address
+    ;    loads a file into video memory in the given bank:address, returns success in A
+    ;    !! NOTE !! the V38 ROMs contain a bug in the LOAD code that makes the load address not work correctly,
+    ;               it works fine when loading from local filesystem
+    %asm {{
+        ; -- load a file into video ram
+        phx
+        pha
+        tya
+        tax
+        lda  #1
+        ldy  #0
+        jsr  c64.SETLFS
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        ldy  cx16.r0+1
+        jsr  prog8_lib.strlen
+        tya
+        ldx  cx16.r0
+        ldy  cx16.r0+1
+        jsr  c64.SETNAM
+        pla
+        clc
+        adc  #2
+        ldx  cx16.r1
+        ldy  cx16.r1+1
+        stz  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+        jsr  c64.LOAD
+        bcs  +
+        inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
++       jsr  c64.CLRCHN
+        lda  #1
+        jsr  c64.CLOSE
+        plx
+        lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+        rts
+    }}
+}
+
+inline asmsub joystick_get2(ubyte joynr @A) clobbers(Y) -> uword @AX  {
+    ; convenience routine to get the joystick state without requiring inline assembly that deals with the multiple return values.
+    ; Also disables interrupts to avoid the IRQ race condition mentioned here: https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-rom/issues/203
+    ; TODO once that issue is resolved, this routine can be redefined as:  romsub $ff56 = joystick_get2(ubyte joynr @A) clobbers(Y) -> uword @AX
+    %asm {{
+        sei
+        jsr  cx16.joystick_get
+        cli
+    }}
+}
+
+
 sub FB_set_pixels_from_buf(uword buffer, uword count) {
     %asm {{
             ; -- This is replacement code for the normal FB_set_pixels subroutine in ROM
@@ -453,17 +508,15 @@ _loop       ldy  #0
 }
 
 ; ---- system stuff -----
-asmsub init_system()  {
+asmsub  init_system()  {
     ; Initializes the machine to a sane starting state.
     ; Called automatically by the loader program logic.
     %asm {{
         sei
         cld
-        ;stz  $00
-        ;stz  $01
-        ;stz  d1prb      ; select rom bank 0
         lda  #$80
         sta  VERA_CTRL
+        stz  $01        ; select rom bank 0 (enable kernal)
         jsr  c64.IOINIT
         jsr  c64.RESTOR
         jsr  c64.CINT
@@ -485,8 +538,177 @@ asmsub init_system()  {
     }}
 }
 
+asmsub  init_system_phase2()  {
+    %asm {{
+        sei
+        lda  cx16.CINV
+        sta  restore_irq._orig_irqvec
+        lda  cx16.CINV+1
+        sta  restore_irq._orig_irqvec+1
+        cli
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
+asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
+	%asm {{
+	        sta  _modified+1
+	        sty  _modified+2
+	        lda  #0
+	        adc  #0
+	        sta  _use_kernal
+		sei
+		lda  #<_irq_handler
+		sta  cx16.CINV
+		lda  #>_irq_handler
+		sta  cx16.CINV+1
+                lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+                ora  #%00000001     ; enable the vsync irq
+                sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+		cli
+		rts
+
+_irq_handler    jsr  _irq_handler_init
+_modified	jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
+		jsr  _irq_handler_end
+		lda  _use_kernal
+		bne  +
+		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+		lda  cx16.VERA_ISR
+		ora  #1
+		sta  cx16.VERA_ISR      ; clear Vera Vsync irq status
+		ply
+		plx
+		pla
+		rti
++		jmp  (restore_irq._orig_irqvec)   ; continue with normal kernal irq routine
+
+_use_kernal     .byte  0
+
+_irq_handler_init
+		; save all zp scratch registers and the X register as these might be clobbered by the irq routine
+		stx  IRQ_X_REG
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		; stack protector; make sure we don't clobber the top of the evaluation stack
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		cld
+		rts
+
+_irq_handler_end
+		; restore all zp scratch registers and the X register
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+		ldx  IRQ_X_REG
+		rts
+
+IRQ_X_REG		.byte  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPB1	.byte  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPREG	.byte  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1	.word  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	.word  0
+
+		}}
+}
+
+
+asmsub  restore_irq() clobbers(A) {
+	%asm {{
+	    sei
+	    lda  _orig_irqvec
+	    sta  cx16.CINV
+	    lda  _orig_irqvec+1
+	    sta  cx16.CINV+1
+	    lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+	    and  #%11110000     ; disable all Vera IRQs
+	    ora  #%00000001     ; enable only the vsync Irq
+	    sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+	    cli
+	    rts
+_orig_irqvec    .word  0
+        }}
+}
+
+asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword handler @AY, uword rasterpos @R0) clobbers(A) {
+	%asm {{
+            sta  _modified+1
+            sty  _modified+2
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            ldy  cx16.r0+1
+            sei
+            lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+            and  #%11110000     ; clear other IRQs
+            ora  #%00000010     ; enable the line (raster) irq
+            sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            ldy  cx16.r0+1
+            jsr  set_rasterline
+            lda  #<_raster_irq_handler
+            sta  cx16.CINV
+            lda  #>_raster_irq_handler
+            sta  cx16.CINV+1
+            cli
+            rts
+
+_raster_irq_handler
+            jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_init
+_modified   jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
+            jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_end
+            ; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+            lda  cx16.VERA_ISR
+            ora  #%00000010
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ISR      ; clear Vera line irq status
+            ply
+            plx
+            pla
+            rti
+        }}
+}
+
+asmsub  set_rasterline(uword line @AY) {
+    %asm {{
+        sta  cx16.VERA_IRQ_LINE_L
+        lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        and  #%01111111
+        sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        tya
+        lsr  a
+        ror  a
+        and  #%10000000
+        ora  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        rts
+    }}
+}
+
+}
+
+
 sys {
     ; ------- lowlevel system routines --------
 
@@ -494,11 +716,10 @@ sys {
 
 
     asmsub reset_system() {
-        ; Soft-reset the system back to Basic prompt.
+        ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
         %asm {{
             sei
-            stz  $01            ; bank the kernal in (new rom bank register)
-            stz  cx16.d1prb     ; bank the kernal in (old rom bank register)
+            stz  $01            ; bank the kernal in
             jmp  (cx16.RESET_VEC)
         }}
     }
@@ -513,6 +734,21 @@ sys {
         }
     }
 
+    asmsub waitvsync() clobbers(A, X, Y) {
+        ; --- busy wait till the next vsync has occurred (approximately), without depending on custom irq handling.
+        ;     note: system vsync irq handler has to be active for this routine to work.
+        ;     note 2: a more accurate way to wait for vsync is to set up a vsync irq handler instead.
+        %asm {{
+            jsr  c64.RDTIM
+            sta  _mod + 1
+            inc  _mod + 1
+_loop       jsr  c64.RDTIM
+_mod        cmp  #255       ; modified
+            bne  _loop
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
+
     inline asmsub memcopy(uword source @R0, uword target @R1, uword count @AY) clobbers(A,X,Y) {
         %asm {{
             sta  cx16.r2

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/textio.p8

@@ -31,6 +31,16 @@ sub spc() {
     txt.chrout(' ')
 }
 
+asmsub column(ubyte col @A) clobbers(A, X, Y) {
+    ; ---- set the cursor on the given column (starting with 0) on the current line
+    %asm {{
+        sec
+        jsr  c64.PLOT
+        tay
+        clc
+        jmp  c64.PLOT
+    }}
+}
 
 asmsub  fill_screen (ubyte char @ A, ubyte color @ Y) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- fill the character screen with the given fill character and character color.
@@ -410,7 +420,7 @@ _print_byte_digits
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		pla
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
-		jmp  _ones
+		bra  _ones
 +       pla
         cmp  #'0'
         beq  _ones
@@ -433,7 +443,7 @@ asmsub  print_b  (byte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 +		pla
 		jsr  conv.byte2decimal
-		jmp  print_ub._print_byte_digits
+		bra  print_ub._print_byte_digits
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -484,7 +494,7 @@ asmsub  print_uwbin  (uword value @ AY, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		jsr  print_ubbin
 		pla
 		clc
-		jmp  print_ubbin
+		bra  print_ubbin
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -497,7 +507,7 @@ asmsub  print_uwhex  (uword value @ AY, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		jsr  print_ubhex
 		pla
 		clc
-		jmp  print_ubhex
+		bra  print_ubhex
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -560,7 +570,7 @@ asmsub  print_w  (word value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		adc  #1
 		bcc  +
 		iny
-+		jmp  print_uw
++		bra  print_uw
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -588,95 +598,126 @@ asmsub  input_chars  (uword buffer @ AY) clobbers(A) -> ubyte @ Y  {
 asmsub  setchr  (ubyte col @X, ubyte row @Y, ubyte character @A) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- sets the character in the screen matrix at the given position
 	%asm {{
-		pha
-		txa
-		asl  a
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-		pla
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            pha
+            txa
+            asl  a
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            pla
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 asmsub  getchr  (ubyte col @A, ubyte row @Y) -> ubyte @ A {
 	; ---- get the character in the screen matrix at the given location
 	%asm  {{
-		asl  a
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            asl  a
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 asmsub  setclr  (ubyte col @X, ubyte row @Y, ubyte color @A) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- set the color in A on the screen matrix at the given position
+	;      note: on the CommanderX16 this allows you to set both Fg and Bg colors;
+	;            use the high nybble in A to set the Bg color!
 	%asm {{
-		pha
-		txa
-		asl  a
-		ina
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-		pla
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            pha
+            txa
+            asl  a
+            ina
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            pla
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 asmsub  getclr  (ubyte col @A, ubyte row @Y) -> ubyte @ A {
 	; ---- get the color in the screen color matrix at the given location
 	%asm  {{
-		asl  a
-		ina
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            asl  a
+            ina
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 sub  setcc  (ubyte column, ubyte row, ubyte char, ubyte charcolor)  {
 	; ---- set char+color at the given position on the screen
+	;      note: color handling is the same as on the C64: it only sets the foreground color.
+	;            use setcc2 if you want Cx-16 specific feature of setting both Bg+Fg colors.
 	%asm {{
-	    phx
-		lda  column
-		asl  a
-		tax
-		ldy  row
-		lda  charcolor
-		and  #$0f
-	    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-        stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-        stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-        sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  char
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-        inx
-        stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-        stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-        sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-        and  #$f0
-        ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		plx
-		rts
+            phx
+            lda  column
+            asl  a
+            tax
+            ldy  row
+            lda  charcolor
+            and  #$0f
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  char
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            inx
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            and  #$f0
+            ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            plx
+            rts
+    }}
+}
+
+sub  setcc2  (ubyte column, ubyte row, ubyte char, ubyte colors)  {
+	; ---- set char+color at the given position on the screen
+	;      note: on the CommanderX16 this allows you to set both Fg and Bg colors;
+	;            use the high nybble in A to set the Bg color!
+	%asm {{
+            phx
+            lda  column
+            asl  a
+            tax
+            ldy  row
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  char
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            inx
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  colors
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            plx
+            rts
     }}
 }
 
 asmsub  plot  (ubyte col @ Y, ubyte row @ A) clobbers(A) {
-	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernel routine, to save the X register.
+	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernal routine, to save the X register.
 	%asm  {{
 		phx
 		tax

compiler/res/prog8lib/diskio.p8

@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ io_error:
         c64.SETNAM(string.length(filenameptr), filenameptr)
         c64.SETLFS(1, drivenumber, 0)
         uword end_address = address + size
+        first_byte = 0      ; result var reuse
 
         %asm {{
             lda  address
@@ -381,7 +382,6 @@ io_error:
             plp
         }}
 
-        first_byte = 0      ; result var reuse
         if_cc
             first_byte = c64.READST()==0
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/math.asm

@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ randseed	.proc
 		.pend
 
 
-randbyte	.proc
-	; -- 8-bit pseudo random number generator into A
+fast_randbyte	.proc
+	; -- fast but bad 8-bit pseudo random number generator into A
 		lda  _seed
 		beq  _eor
 		asl  a
@@ -263,6 +263,10 @@ _seed		.byte  $3a
 
 		.pend
 
+randbyte        .proc
+	; -- 8 bit pseudo random number generator into A (by just reusing randword)
+		jmp  randword
+		.pend
 
 randword	.proc
 	; -- 16 bit pseudo random number generator into AY
@@ -1262,7 +1266,7 @@ mul_word_100	.proc
 		.pend
 
 mul_word_320	.proc
-		; AY = A * 256 + A * 64	 (msb doesn't matter)
+		; AY = A * 256 + A * 64	 (msb in Y doesn't matter)
 		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 		ldy  #0
 		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
@@ -1537,3 +1541,71 @@ _negative	lsr  a
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+
+square          .proc
+; -- calculate square root of signed word in AY, result in AY
+; routine by Lee Davsion, source: http://6502.org/source/integers/square.htm
+; using this routine is about twice as fast as doing a regular multiplication.
+;
+; Calculates the 16 bit unsigned integer square of the signed 16 bit integer in
+; Numberl/Numberh.  The result is always in the range 0 to 65025 and is held in
+; Squarel/Squareh
+;
+; The maximum input range is only +/-255 and no checking is done to ensure that
+; this is so.
+;
+; This routine is useful if you are trying to draw circles as for any circle
+;
+; x^2+y^2=r^2 where x and y are the co-ordinates of any point on the circle and
+; r is the circle radius
+
+numberl = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1       ; number to square low byte
+numberh = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1     ; number to square high byte
+squarel = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2       ; square low byte
+squareh = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1     ; square high byte
+tempsq = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1        ; temp byte for intermediate result
+
+	sta  numberl
+	sty  numberh
+	stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+
+        lda     #$00        ; clear a
+        sta     squarel     ; clear square low byte
+                            ; (no need to clear the high byte, it gets shifted out)
+        lda	numberl     ; get number low byte
+	ldx	numberh     ; get number high  byte
+	bpl	_nonneg      ; if +ve don't negate it
+                            ; else do a two's complement
+	eor	#$ff        ; invert
+        sec	            ; +1
+	adc	#$00        ; and add it
+
+_nonneg:
+	sta	tempsq      ; save abs(number)
+	ldx	#$08        ; set bit count
+
+_nextr2bit:
+	asl	squarel     ; low byte *2
+	rol	squareh     ; high byte *2+carry from low
+	asl	a           ; shift number byte
+	bcc	_nosqadd     ; don't do add if c = 0
+	tay                 ; save a
+	clc                 ; clear carry for add
+	lda	tempsq      ; get number
+	adc	squarel     ; add number^2 low byte
+	sta	squarel     ; save number^2 low byte
+	lda	#$00        ; clear a
+	adc	squareh     ; add number^2 high byte
+	sta	squareh     ; save number^2 high byte
+	tya                 ; get a back
+
+_nosqadd:
+	dex                 ; decrement bit count
+	bne	_nextr2bit   ; go do next bit
+
+	lda  squarel
+	ldy  squareh
+	ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	rts
+
+		.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_funcs.asm

@@ -387,6 +387,14 @@ func_sqrt16_into_A	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_fastrnd8_stack	.proc
+	; -- put a random ubyte on the estack (using fast but bad RNG)
+		jsr  math.fast_randbyte
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_rnd_stack	.proc
 	; -- put a random ubyte on the estack
 		jsr  math.randbyte
@@ -432,6 +440,7 @@ func_min_ub_stack	.proc
 func_min_b_into_A	.proc
 		; -- min(barray) -> A.  (array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1, num elements in A)
 		tay
+		dey
 		lda  #127
 		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 -		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
@@ -548,6 +557,7 @@ func_min_w_stack	.proc
 func_max_ub_into_A	.proc
 		; -- max(ubarray) -> A  (array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1, num elements in A)
 		tay
+		dey
 		lda  #0
 		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 -		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
@@ -1078,3 +1088,28 @@ _loop_hi	ldy  _index_first
 		.pend
 
 
+func_peekw   .proc
+	; -- read the word value on the address in AY
+	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+	ldy  #0
+	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	pha
+	iny
+	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	tay
+	pla
+	rts
+	.pend
+
+
+func_pokew   .proc
+	; -- store the word value in AY in the address in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	ldy  #0
+	sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	iny
+	lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	rts
+	.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_lib.asm

@@ -1071,3 +1071,15 @@ sign_extend_AY_byte	.proc
 		pla
 		rts
 		.pend
+
+strlen          .proc
+        ; -- returns the number of bytes in the string in AY, in Y.
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		ldy  #0
+-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+		beq  +
+		iny
+		bne  -
++		rts
+		.pend

compiler/res/version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-6.0
+6.5-BETA

compiler/src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package prog8
 
-import kotlinx.cli.*
+import kotlinx.cli.ArgParser
+import kotlinx.cli.ArgType
+import kotlinx.cli.default
+import kotlinx.cli.multiple
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationResult
 import prog8.compiler.compileProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems
 import java.nio.file.Path
@@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ fun pathFrom(stringPath: String, vararg rest: String): Path  = FileSystems.getDe
 
 
 private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
-    val cli = ArgParser("prog8compiler")
-    val startEmulator by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName="emu", description = "auto-start emulator after successful compilation")
-    val outputDir by cli.option(ArgType.String, shortName = "out", description = "directory for output files instead of current directory").default(".")
-    val dontWriteAssembly by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "noasm", description="don't create assembly code")
-    val dontOptimize by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "noopt", description = "don't perform any optimizations")
-    val watchMode by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "watch", description = "continuous compilation mode (watches for file changes), greatly increases compilation speed")
-    val slowCodegenWarnings by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "slowwarn", description="show debug warnings about slow/problematic assembly code generation")
-    val compilationTarget by cli.option(ArgType.String, shortName = "target", description = "target output of the compiler, currently '${C64Target.name}' and '${Cx16Target.name}' available").default(C64Target.name)
+    val cli = ArgParser("prog8compiler", prefixStyle = ArgParser.OptionPrefixStyle.JVM)
+    val startEmulator by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "emu", description = "auto-start emulator after successful compilation")
+    val outputDir by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "out", description = "directory for output files instead of current directory").default(".")
+    val dontWriteAssembly by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noasm", description="don't create assembly code")
+    val dontOptimize by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noopt", description = "don't perform any optimizations")
+    val watchMode by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "watch", description = "continuous compilation mode (watches for file changes), greatly increases compilation speed")
+    val slowCodegenWarnings by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "slowwarn", description="show debug warnings about slow/problematic assembly code generation")
+    val compilationTarget by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "target", description = "target output of the compiler, currently '${C64Target.name}' and '${Cx16Target.name}' available").default(C64Target.name)
     val moduleFiles by cli.argument(ArgType.String, fullName = "modules", description = "main module file(s) to compile").multiple(999)
 
     try {
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
                 if (compilationResult.programName.isEmpty())
                     println("\nCan't start emulator because no program was assembled.")
                 else {
-                    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.launchEmulator(compilationResult.programName)
+                    compilationResult.compTarget.machine.launchEmulator(compilationResult.programName)
                 }
             }
         }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/base/Extensions.kt

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.base
-
-import prog8.ast.Module
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.processing.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger
-
-
-internal fun Program.checkValid(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val checker = AstChecker(this, compilerOptions, errors)
-    checker.visit(this)
-}
-
-internal fun Program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val fixer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(this, errors)
-    fixer.visit(this)
-    fixer.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val reorder = StatementReorderer(this, errors)
-    reorder.visit(this)
-    reorder.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.addTypecasts(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val caster = TypecastsAdder(this, errors)
-    caster.visit(this)
-    caster.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.verifyFunctionArgTypes() {
-    val fixer = VerifyFunctionArgTypes(this)
-    fixer.visit(this)
-}
-
-internal fun Module.checkImportedValid() {
-    val imr = ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover()
-    imr.visit(this, this.parent)
-    imr.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-
-    val checker2 = AstIdentifiersChecker(this, errors)
-    checker2.visit(this)
-
-    if(errors.isEmpty()) {
-        val transforms = AstVariousTransforms(this)
-        transforms.visit(this)
-        transforms.applyModifications()
-        val lit2decl = LiteralsToAutoVars(this)
-        lit2decl.visit(this)
-        lit2decl.applyModifications()
-    }
-
-    if (modules.map { it.name }.toSet().size != modules.size) {
-        throw FatalAstException("modules should all be unique")
-    }
-}
-
-internal fun Program.variousCleanups() {
-    val process = VariousCleanups()
-    process.visit(this)
-    process.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.moveMainAndStartToFirst() {
-    // the module containing the program entrypoint is moved to the first in the sequence.
-    // the "main" block containing the entrypoint is moved to the top in there,
-    // and finally the entrypoint subroutine "start" itself is moved to the top in that block.
-
-    val directives = modules[0].statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>()
-    val start = this.entrypoint()
-    if(start!=null) {
-        val mod = start.definingModule()
-        val block = start.definingBlock()
-        if(!modules.remove(mod))
-            throw FatalAstException("module wrong")
-        modules.add(0, mod)
-        mod.remove(block)
-        var afterDirective = mod.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
-        if(afterDirective<0)
-            mod.statements.add(block)
-        else
-            mod.statements.add(afterDirective, block)
-        block.remove(start)
-        afterDirective = block.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
-        if(afterDirective<0)
-            block.statements.add(start)
-        else
-            block.statements.add(afterDirective, start)
-
-        // overwrite the directives in the module containing the entrypoint
-        for(directive in directives) {
-            modules[0].statements.removeAll { it is Directive && it.directive == directive.directive }
-            modules[0].statements.add(0, directive)
-        }
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover.kt

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-
-
-internal class ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover: AstWalker() {
-    /**
-     * Most global directives don't apply for imported modules, so remove them
-     */
-
-    private val moduleLevelDirectives = listOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address")
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
-    override fun before(directive: Directive, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(directive.directive in moduleLevelDirectives) {
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(directive, parent as INameScope))
-        }
-        return noModifications
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VariousCleanups.kt

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
-import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
-import prog8.ast.statements.NopStatement
-
-
-internal class VariousCleanups: AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
-    override fun before(nopStatement: NopStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(nopStatement, parent as INameScope))
-    }
-
-    override fun before(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return if(parent is INameScope)
-            listOf(ScopeFlatten(scope, parent as INameScope))
-        else
-            noModifications
-    }
-
-    class ScopeFlatten(val scope: AnonymousScope, val into: INameScope) : IAstModification {
-        override fun perform() {
-            val idx = into.statements.indexOf(scope)
-            if(idx>=0) {
-                into.statements.addAll(idx+1, scope.statements)
-                into.statements.remove(scope)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun before(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(typecast.expression is NumericLiteralValue) {
-            val value = (typecast.expression as NumericLiteralValue).cast(typecast.type)
-            if(value.isValid)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, value.valueOrZero(), parent))
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger.kt

@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
 
-internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
-
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
+internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         subroutineVariables.add(decl.name to decl)
         if (decl.value == null && !decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
-            // a numeric vardecl without an initial value is initialized with zero,
-            // unless there's already an assignment below, that initializes the value
+            // A numeric vardecl without an initial value is initialized with zero,
+            // unless there's already an assignment below, that initializes the value.
+            // This allows you to restart the program and have the same starting values of the variables
             if(decl.allowInitializeWithZero)
             {
                 val nextAssign = decl.definingScope().nextSibling(decl) as? Assignment
-                if (nextAssign != null && nextAssign.target.isSameAs(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), Position.DUMMY)))
+                if (nextAssign != null && nextAssign.target isSameAs IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), Position.DUMMY))
                     decl.value = null
-                else
+                else {
                     decl.value = decl.zeroElementValue()
+                }
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         // But it can only be done if the target variable IS NOT OCCURRING AS AN OPERAND ITSELF.
         if(!assignment.isAugmentable
                 && assignment.target.identifier != null
-                && assignment.target.isInRegularRAM(program.namespace)) {
+                && compTarget.isInRegularRAM(assignment.target, program)) {
             val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
             if (binExpr != null && binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
                 if (binExpr.left !is BinaryExpression) {
@@ -66,9 +69,11 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
     }
 
     private val subroutineVariables = mutableListOf<Pair<String, VarDecl>>()
+    private val addedIfConditionVars = mutableSetOf<Pair<Subroutine, String>>()
 
     override fun before(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         subroutineVariables.clear()
+        addedIfConditionVars.clear()
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -79,17 +84,22 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         val sub = scope.definingSubroutine()
         if (sub != null) {
             // move vardecls of the scope into the upper scope. Make sure the position remains the same!
-            val numericVarsWithValue = decls.filter { it.value != null && it.datatype in NumericDatatypes }
-            val replaceVardecls =numericVarsWithValue.map {
-                val initValue = it.value!!  // assume here that value has always been set by now
-                it.value = null     // make sure no value init assignment for this vardecl will be created later (would be superfluous)
-                val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(it.name), it.position), null, null, it.position)
-                val assign = Assignment(target, initValue, it.position)
-                initValue.parent = assign
-                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(it, assign, scope)
+            val replacements = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+            val movements = mutableListOf<IAstModification.InsertFirst>()
+
+            for(decl in decls) {
+                if(decl.value!=null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
+                    val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
+                    val assign = Assignment(target, decl.value!!, decl.position)
+                    replacements.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, scope))
+                    decl.value = null
+                    decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
+                } else {
+                    replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
+                }
+                movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, sub))
             }
-            val moveVardeclsUp = decls.map { IAstModification.InsertFirst(it, sub) }
-            return replaceVardecls + moveVardeclsUp
+            return replacements + movements
         }
         return noModifications
     }
@@ -106,7 +116,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         }
 
 
-        // add the implicit return statement at the end (if it's not there yet), but only if it's not a kernel routine.
+        // add the implicit return statement at the end (if it's not there yet), but only if it's not a kernal routine.
         // and if an assembly block doesn't contain a rts/rti, and some other situations.
         val mods = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
         val returnStmt = Return(null, subroutine.position)
@@ -153,16 +163,6 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         // The only place for now where we can do this is for:
         //    asmsub register pair parameter.
 
-        if(typecast.type in WordDatatypes) {
-            val fcall = typecast.parent as? IFunctionCall
-            if (fcall != null) {
-                val sub = fcall.target.targetStatement(program.namespace) as? Subroutine
-                if (sub != null && sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         if(sourceDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
             if(typecast.type==DataType.UWORD) {
                 if(typecast.expression is IdentifierReference) {
@@ -193,9 +193,53 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
             val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(ifStatement.condition, "!=", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, ifStatement.condition.position), ifStatement.condition.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(ifStatement.condition, booleanExpr, ifStatement))
         }
+
+        if((binExpr.left as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number==0)
+            throw CompilerException("if 0==X should have been swapped to if X==0")
+
+        // split the conditional expression into separate variables if the operand(s) is not simple.
+        // DISABLED FOR NOW AS IT GENEREATES LARGER CODE IN THE SIMPLE CASES LIKE    IF X {...}  or  IF NOT X {...}
+//        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+//        if(!binExpr.left.isSimple) {
+//            val sub = binExpr.definingSubroutine()!!
+//            val (variable, isNew, assignment) = addIfOperandVar(sub, "left", binExpr.left)
+//            if(isNew)
+//                modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(variable, sub))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, assignment, parent as INameScope))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), binExpr.position), binExpr))
+//            addedIfConditionVars.add(Pair(sub, variable.name))
+//        }
+//        if(!binExpr.right.isSimple) {
+//            val sub = binExpr.definingSubroutine()!!
+//            val (variable, isNew, assignment) = addIfOperandVar(sub, "right", binExpr.right)
+//            if(isNew)
+//                modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(variable, sub))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, assignment, parent as INameScope))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), binExpr.position), binExpr))
+//            addedIfConditionVars.add(Pair(sub, variable.name))
+//        }
+//        return modifications
         return noModifications
     }
 
+//    private fun addIfOperandVar(sub: Subroutine, side: String, operand: Expression): Triple<VarDecl, Boolean, Assignment> {
+//        val dt = operand.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+//        val varname = "prog8_ifvar_${side}_${dt.name.toLowerCase()}"
+//        val tgt = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(varname), operand.position), null, null, operand.position)
+//        val assign = Assignment(tgt, operand, operand.position)
+//        if(Pair(sub, varname) in addedIfConditionVars) {
+//            val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, dt, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, varname, null, null, false, true, operand.position)
+//            return Triple(vardecl, false, assign)
+//        }
+//        val existing = sub.statements.firstOrNull { it is VarDecl && it.name == varname} as VarDecl?
+//        return if (existing == null) {
+//            val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, dt, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, varname, null, null, false, true, operand.position)
+//            Triple(vardecl, true, assign)
+//        } else {
+//            Triple(existing, false, assign)
+//        }
+//    }
+
     override fun after(untilLoop: UntilLoop, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val binExpr = untilLoop.condition as? BinaryExpression
         if(binExpr==null || binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
@@ -215,4 +259,93 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         }
         return noModifications
     }
+
+    override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource==listOf("cmp")) {
+            // if the datatype of the arguments of cmp() are different, cast the byte one to word.
+            val arg1 = functionCallStatement.args[0]
+            val arg2 = functionCallStatement.args[1]
+            val dt1 = arg1.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            val dt2 = arg2.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            if(dt1 in ByteDatatypes) {
+                if(dt2 in ByteDatatypes)
+                    return noModifications
+                val cast1 = TypecastExpression(arg1, if(dt1==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, true, functionCallStatement.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg1, cast1, functionCallStatement))
+            } else {
+                if(dt2 in WordDatatypes)
+                    return noModifications
+                val cast2 = TypecastExpression(arg2, if(dt2==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, true, functionCallStatement.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg2, cast2, functionCallStatement))
+            }
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+
+        val containingStatement = getContainingStatement(arrayIndexedExpression)
+        if(getComplexArrayIndexedExpressions(containingStatement).size > 1) {
+            errors.err("it's not possible to use more than one complex array indexing expression in a single statement; break it up via a temporary variable for instance", containingStatement.position)
+            return noModifications
+        }
+
+
+        val index = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr
+        if(index !is NumericLiteralValue && index !is IdentifierReference) {
+            // replace complex indexing expression with a temp variable to hold the computed index first
+            return getAutoIndexerVarFor(arrayIndexedExpression)
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun getComplexArrayIndexedExpressions(stmt: Statement): List<ArrayIndexedExpression> {
+
+        class Searcher : IAstVisitor {
+            val complexArrayIndexedExpressions = mutableListOf<ArrayIndexedExpression>()
+            override fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
+                val ix = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr
+                if(ix !is NumericLiteralValue && ix !is IdentifierReference)
+                    complexArrayIndexedExpressions.add(arrayIndexedExpression)
+            }
+
+            override fun visit(branchStatement: BranchStatement) {}
+
+            override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop) {}
+
+            override fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement) {
+                ifStatement.condition.accept(this)
+            }
+
+            override fun visit(untilLoop: UntilLoop) {
+                untilLoop.condition.accept(this)
+            }
+        }
+
+        val searcher = Searcher()
+        stmt.accept(searcher)
+        return searcher.complexArrayIndexedExpressions
+    }
+
+    private fun getContainingStatement(expression: Expression): Statement {
+        var node: Node = expression
+        while(node !is Statement)
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return node
+    }
+
+    private fun getAutoIndexerVarFor(expr: ArrayIndexedExpression): MutableList<IAstModification> {
+        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+        val statement = expr.containingStatement()
+        // replace the indexer with just the variable (simply use a cx16 virtual register r9, that we HOPE is not used for other things in the expression...)
+        // assign the indexing expression to the helper variable, but only if that hasn't been done already
+        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("cx16", "r9"), expr.indexer.position), null, null, expr.indexer.position)
+        val assign = Assignment(target, expr.indexer.indexExpr, expr.indexer.position)
+        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.definingScope()))
+        modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.indexer.indexExpr, target.identifier!!.copy(), expr.indexer))
+        return modifications
+    }
+
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Compiler.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,30 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
+import prog8.ast.AstToSourceCode
+import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.AstException
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
+import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.*
+import prog8.compiler.functions.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.asmGeneratorFor
+import prog8.optimizer.*
+import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
+import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
+import prog8.parser.moduleName
 import java.io.File
 import java.io.InputStream
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.system.exitProcess
+import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
+
 
 enum class OutputType {
     RAW,
@@ -28,7 +49,8 @@ data class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                               val zeropage: ZeropageType,
                               val zpReserved: List<IntRange>,
                               val floats: Boolean,
-                              val noSysInit: Boolean) {
+                              val noSysInit: Boolean,
+                              val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
     var slowCodegenWarnings = false
     var optimize = false
 }
@@ -36,26 +58,288 @@ data class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
 
 class CompilerException(message: String?) : Exception(message)
 
-fun Number.toHex(): String {
-    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
-    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
-    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
-    // negative values are prefixed with '-'.
-    val integer = this.toInt()
-    if(integer<0)
-        return '-' + abs(integer).toHex()
-    return when (integer) {
-        in 0 until 16 -> integer.toString()
-        in 0 until 0x100 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
-        in 0 until 0x10000 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> throw CompilerException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
+class CompilationResult(val success: Boolean,
+                        val programAst: Program,
+                        val programName: String,
+                        val compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+                        val importedFiles: List<Path>)
+
+
+fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
+                   optimize: Boolean,
+                   writeAssembly: Boolean,
+                   slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
+                   compilationTarget: String,
+                   outputDir: Path): CompilationResult {
+    var programName = ""
+    lateinit var programAst: Program
+    lateinit var importedFiles: List<Path>
+    val errors = ErrorReporter()
+
+    val compTarget =
+        when(compilationTarget) {
+            C64Target.name -> C64Target
+            Cx16Target.name -> Cx16Target
+            else -> {
+                System.err.println("invalid compilation target")
+                exitProcess(1)
+            }
+        }
+
+    try {
+        val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
+            // import main module and everything it needs
+            val (ast, compilationOptions, imported) = parseImports(filepath, errors, compTarget)
+            compilationOptions.slowCodegenWarnings = slowCodegenWarnings
+            compilationOptions.optimize = optimize
+            programAst = ast
+            importedFiles = imported
+            processAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
+            if (compilationOptions.optimize)
+                optimizeAst(programAst, errors, BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions), compTarget, compilationOptions)
+            postprocessAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
+
+            // printAst(programAst)
+
+            if(writeAssembly)
+                programName = writeAssembly(programAst, errors, outputDir, compilationOptions)
+        }
+        System.out.flush()
+        System.err.flush()
+        println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${totalTime / 1000.0} sec.")
+        return CompilationResult(true, programAst, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
+
+    } catch (px: ParsingFailedError) {
+        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        System.err.println(px.message)
+        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+    } catch (ax: AstException) {
+        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        System.err.println(ax.toString())
+        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+    } catch (x: Exception) {
+        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        println("\n* internal error *")
+        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+        System.out.flush()
+        throw x
+    } catch (x: NotImplementedError) {
+        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        println("\n* internal error: missing feature/code *")
+        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+        System.out.flush()
+        throw x
     }
+
+    val failedProgram = Program("failed", mutableListOf(), BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions), compTarget)
+    return CompilationResult(false, failedProgram, programName, compTarget, emptyList())
+}
+
+private class BuiltinFunctionsFacade(functions: Map<String, FSignature>): IBuiltinFunctions {
+    lateinit var program: Program
+
+    override val names = functions.keys
+    override val purefunctionNames = functions.filter { it.value.pure }.map { it.key }.toSet()
+
+    override fun constValue(name: String, args: List<Expression>, position: Position, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue? {
+        val func = BuiltinFunctions[name]
+        if(func!=null) {
+            val exprfunc = func.constExpressionFunc
+            if(exprfunc!=null) {
+                return try {
+                    exprfunc(args, position, program, memsizer)
+                } catch(x: NotConstArgumentException) {
+                    // const-evaluating the builtin function call failed.
+                    null
+                } catch(x: CannotEvaluateException) {
+                    // const-evaluating the builtin function call failed.
+                    null
+                }
+            }
+            else if(func.known_returntype==null)
+                return null  // builtin function $name can't be used here because it doesn't return a value
+        }
+        return null
+    }
+    override fun returnType(name: String, args: MutableList<Expression>) =
+        builtinFunctionReturnType(name, args, program)
+}
+
+private fun parseImports(filepath: Path, errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
+    val compilationTargetName = compTarget.name
+    println("Compiler target: $compilationTargetName. Parsing...")
+    val importer = ModuleImporter()
+    val bf = BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions)
+    val programAst = Program(moduleName(filepath.fileName), mutableListOf(), bf, compTarget)
+    bf.program = programAst
+    importer.importModule(programAst, filepath, compTarget, compilationTargetName)
+    errors.report()
+
+    val importedFiles = programAst.modules.filter { !it.source.startsWith("@embedded@") }.map { it.source }
+    val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(programAst, compTarget)
+    if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
+        throw ParsingFailedError("${programAst.modules.first().position} BASIC launcher requires output type PRG.")
+
+    // depending on the machine and compiler options we may have to include some libraries
+    for(lib in compTarget.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, compilationTargetName))
+        importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, lib, compTarget, compilationTargetName)
+
+    // always import prog8_lib and math
+    importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, "math", compTarget, compilationTargetName)
+    importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, "prog8_lib", compTarget, compilationTargetName)
+    errors.report()
+    return Triple(programAst, compilerOptions, importedFiles)
+}
+
+private fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program, compTarget: ICompilationTarget): CompilationOptions {
+    val mainModule = program.mainModule
+    val outputType = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%output" }
+            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
+    val launcherType = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%launcher" }
+            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
+    val zpoption: String? = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zeropage" }
+            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
+    val allOptions = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%option" }.flatMap { (it as Directive).args }.toSet()
+    val floatsEnabled = allOptions.any { it.name == "enable_floats" }
+    val noSysInit = allOptions.any { it.name == "no_sysinit" }
+    var zpType: ZeropageType =
+            if (zpoption == null)
+                if(floatsEnabled) ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE else ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
+            else
+                try {
+                    ZeropageType.valueOf(zpoption)
+                } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
+                    ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
+                    // error will be printed by the astchecker
+                }
+
+    if (zpType==ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE && compTarget.name == Cx16Target.name) {
+        System.err.println("Warning: zp option floatsafe changed to basicsafe for cx16 target")
+        zpType = ZeropageType.BASICSAFE
+    }
+
+    val zpReserved = mainModule.statements
+            .asSequence()
+            .filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zpreserved" }
+            .map { (it as Directive).args }
+            .map { it[0].int!!..it[1].int!! }
+            .toList()
+
+    if(outputType!=null && !OutputType.values().any {it.name==outputType}) {
+        System.err.println("invalid output type $outputType")
+        exitProcess(1)
+    }
+    if(launcherType!=null && !LauncherType.values().any {it.name==launcherType}) {
+        System.err.println("invalid launcher type $launcherType")
+        exitProcess(1)
+    }
+
+    return CompilationOptions(
+            if (outputType == null) OutputType.PRG else OutputType.valueOf(outputType),
+            if (launcherType == null) LauncherType.BASIC else LauncherType.valueOf(launcherType),
+            zpType, zpReserved, floatsEnabled, noSysInit,
+            compTarget
+    )
+}
+
+private fun processAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    // perform initial syntax checks and processings
+    println("Processing for target ${compilerOptions.compTarget.name}...")
+    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.constantFold(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.reorderStatements(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.variousCleanups(programAst, errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+}
+
+private fun optimizeAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, functions: IBuiltinFunctions, compTarget: ICompilationTarget, options: CompilationOptions) {
+    // optimize the parse tree
+    println("Optimizing...")
+
+    val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(programAst, errors, compTarget)
+    remover.visit(programAst)
+    remover.applyModifications()
+
+    while (true) {
+        // keep optimizing expressions and statements until no more steps remain
+        val optsDone1 = programAst.simplifyExpressions()
+        val optsDone2 = programAst.splitBinaryExpressions(compTarget)
+        val optsDone3 = programAst.optimizeStatements(errors, functions, compTarget)
+        programAst.constantFold(errors, compTarget) // because simplified statements and expressions can result in more constants that can be folded away
+        errors.report()
+        if (optsDone1 + optsDone2 + optsDone3 == 0)
+            break
+    }
+
+    val inliner = SubroutineInliner(programAst, errors, options)
+    inliner.visit(programAst)
+    errors.report()
+    if(errors.noErrors()) {
+        inliner.applyModifications()
+        inliner.fixCallsToInlinedSubroutines()
+        val remover2 = UnusedCodeRemover(programAst, errors, compTarget)
+        remover2.visit(programAst)
+        remover2.applyModifications()
+    }
+
+    errors.report()
+}
+
+private fun postprocessAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.variousCleanups(programAst, errors)
+    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)          // check if final tree is still valid
+    errors.report()
+    val callGraph = CallGraph(programAst)
+    callGraph.checkRecursiveCalls(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.verifyFunctionArgTypes()
+    programAst.moveMainAndStartToFirst()
+}
+
+private fun writeAssembly(programAst: Program,
+                          errors: IErrorReporter,
+                          outputDir: Path,
+                          compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): String {
+    // asm generation directly from the Ast
+    programAst.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+
+    // printAst(programAst)
+
+    compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.initializeZeropage(compilerOptions)
+    val assembly = asmGeneratorFor(compilerOptions.compTarget,
+            programAst,
+            errors,
+            compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.zeropage,
+            compilerOptions,
+            outputDir).compileToAssembly()
+    assembly.assemble(compilerOptions)
+    errors.report()
+    return assembly.name
+}
+
+fun printAst(programAst: Program) {
+    println()
+    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print, programAst)
+    printer.visit(programAst)
+    println()
 }
 
 fun loadAsmIncludeFile(filename: String, source: Path): String {
     return if (filename.startsWith("library:")) {
         val resource = tryGetEmbeddedResource(filename.substring(8))
-                ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("library file '$filename' not found")
+            ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("library file '$filename' not found")
         resource.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
     } else {
         // first try in the isSameAs folder as where the containing file was imported from

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ErrorReporting.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-package prog8.ast.base
+package prog8.compiler
 
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 
 
-class ErrorReporter {
+interface IErrorReporter {
+    fun err(msg: String, position: Position)
+    fun warn(msg: String, position: Position)
+    fun noErrors(): Boolean
+    fun report()
+}
+
+
+internal class ErrorReporter: IErrorReporter {
     private enum class MessageSeverity {
         WARNING,
         ERROR
@@ -13,10 +22,14 @@ class ErrorReporter {
     private val messages = mutableListOf<CompilerMessage>()
     private val alreadyReportedMessages = mutableSetOf<String>()
 
-    fun err(msg: String, position: Position) = messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.ERROR, msg, position))
-    fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) = messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.WARNING, msg, position))
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.ERROR, msg, position))
+    }
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.WARNING, msg, position))
+    }
 
-    fun handle() {
+    override fun report() {
         var numErrors = 0
         var numWarnings = 0
         messages.forEach {
@@ -40,5 +53,5 @@ class ErrorReporter {
             throw ParsingFailedError("There are $numErrors errors and $numWarnings warnings.")
     }
 
-    fun isEmpty() = messages.isEmpty()
+    override fun noErrors() = messages.none { it.severity==MessageSeverity.ERROR }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt

@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler
-
-import prog8.ast.AstToSourceCode
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.optimizer.*
-import prog8.optimizer.UnusedCodeRemover
-import prog8.optimizer.constantFold
-import prog8.optimizer.optimizeStatements
-import prog8.optimizer.simplifyExpressions
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
-import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
-import prog8.parser.moduleName
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.system.exitProcess
-import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
-
-
-class CompilationResult(val success: Boolean,
-                        val programAst: Program,
-                        val programName: String,
-                        val importedFiles: List<Path>)
-
-
-fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
-                   optimize: Boolean,
-                   writeAssembly: Boolean,
-                   slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
-                   compilationTarget: String,
-                   outputDir: Path): CompilationResult {
-    var programName = ""
-    lateinit var programAst: Program
-    lateinit var importedFiles: List<Path>
-    val errors = ErrorReporter()
-
-    when(compilationTarget) {
-        C64Target.name -> CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
-        Cx16Target.name -> CompilationTarget.instance = Cx16Target
-        else -> {
-            System.err.println("invalid compilation target")
-            exitProcess(1)
-        }
-    }
-
-    try {
-        val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
-            // import main module and everything it needs
-            val (ast, compilationOptions, imported) = parseImports(filepath, errors)
-            compilationOptions.slowCodegenWarnings = slowCodegenWarnings
-            compilationOptions.optimize = optimize
-            programAst = ast
-            importedFiles = imported
-            processAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
-            if (compilationOptions.optimize)
-                optimizeAst(programAst, errors)
-            postprocessAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
-
-            // printAst(programAst)
-
-            if(writeAssembly)
-                programName = writeAssembly(programAst, errors, outputDir, compilationOptions)
-        }
-        System.out.flush()
-        System.err.flush()
-        println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${totalTime / 1000.0} sec.")
-        return CompilationResult(true, programAst, programName, importedFiles)
-
-    } catch (px: ParsingFailedError) {
-        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        System.err.println(px.message)
-        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-    } catch (ax: AstException) {
-        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        System.err.println(ax.toString())
-        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-    } catch (x: Exception) {
-        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        println("\n* internal error *")
-        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-        System.out.flush()
-        throw x
-    } catch (x: NotImplementedError) {
-        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        println("\n* internal error: missing feature/code *")
-        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-        System.out.flush()
-        throw x
-    }
-
-    return CompilationResult(false, Program("failed", mutableListOf()), programName, emptyList())
-}
-
-private fun parseImports(filepath: Path, errors: ErrorReporter): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
-    println("Compiler target: ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}. Parsing...")
-    val importer = ModuleImporter()
-    val programAst = Program(moduleName(filepath.fileName), mutableListOf())
-    importer.importModule(programAst, filepath)
-    errors.handle()
-
-    val importedFiles = programAst.modules.filter { !it.source.startsWith("@embedded@") }.map { it.source }
-
-    val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(programAst)
-    if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
-        throw ParsingFailedError("${programAst.modules.first().position} BASIC launcher requires output type PRG.")
-
-    // depending on the machine and compiler options we may have to include some libraries
-    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, importer, programAst)
-
-    // always import prog8_lib and math
-    importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, "math")
-    importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, "prog8_lib")
-    errors.handle()
-    return Triple(programAst, compilerOptions, importedFiles)
-}
-
-private fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program): CompilationOptions {
-    val mainModule = program.modules.first()
-    val outputType = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%output" }
-            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
-    val launcherType = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%launcher" }
-            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
-    val zpoption: String? = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zeropage" }
-            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
-    val allOptions = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%option" }.flatMap { (it as Directive).args }.toSet()
-    val floatsEnabled = allOptions.any { it.name == "enable_floats" }
-    val noSysInit = allOptions.any { it.name == "no_sysinit" }
-    var zpType: ZeropageType =
-            if (zpoption == null)
-                if(floatsEnabled) ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE else ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
-            else
-                try {
-                    ZeropageType.valueOf(zpoption)
-                } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
-                    ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
-                    // error will be printed by the astchecker
-                }
-
-    if (zpType==ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE && CompilationTarget.instance.name == Cx16Target.name) {
-        System.err.println("Warning: Cx16 target must use zp option basicsafe instead of floatsafe")
-        zpType = ZeropageType.BASICSAFE
-    }
-
-    val zpReserved = mainModule.statements
-            .asSequence()
-            .filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zpreserved" }
-            .map { (it as Directive).args }
-            .map { it[0].int!!..it[1].int!! }
-            .toList()
-
-    if(outputType!=null && !OutputType.values().any {it.name==outputType}) {
-        System.err.println("invalid output type $outputType")
-        exitProcess(1)
-    }
-    if(launcherType!=null && !LauncherType.values().any {it.name==launcherType}) {
-        System.err.println("invalid launcher type $launcherType")
-        exitProcess(1)
-    }
-
-    return CompilationOptions(
-            if (outputType == null) OutputType.PRG else OutputType.valueOf(outputType),
-            if (launcherType == null) LauncherType.BASIC else LauncherType.valueOf(launcherType),
-            zpType, zpReserved, floatsEnabled, noSysInit
-    )
-}
-
-private fun processAst(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-    // perform initial syntax checks and processings
-    println("Processing for target ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}...")
-    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.constantFold(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.reorderStatements(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.variousCleanups()
-    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-}
-
-private fun optimizeAst(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    // optimize the parse tree
-    println("Optimizing...")
-    while (true) {
-        // keep optimizing expressions and statements until no more steps remain
-        val optsDone1 = programAst.simplifyExpressions()
-        val optsDone2 = programAst.splitBinaryExpressions()
-        val optsDone3 = programAst.optimizeStatements(errors)
-        programAst.constantFold(errors) // because simplified statements and expressions can result in more constants that can be folded away
-        errors.handle()
-        if (optsDone1 + optsDone2 + optsDone3 == 0)
-            break
-    }
-
-    val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(programAst, errors)
-    remover.visit(programAst)
-    remover.applyModifications()
-    errors.handle()
-}
-
-private fun postprocessAst(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.variousCleanups()
-    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors)          // check if final tree is still valid
-    errors.handle()
-    val callGraph = CallGraph(programAst)
-    callGraph.checkRecursiveCalls(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.verifyFunctionArgTypes()
-    programAst.moveMainAndStartToFirst()
-}
-
-private fun writeAssembly(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, outputDir: Path,
-                          compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): String {
-    // asm generation directly from the Ast,
-    programAst.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-
-    // printAst(programAst)
-
-    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.initializeZeropage(compilerOptions)
-    val assembly = CompilationTarget.instance.asmGenerator(
-            programAst,
-            errors,
-            CompilationTarget.instance.machine.zeropage,
-            compilerOptions,
-            outputDir).compileToAssembly()
-    assembly.assemble(compilerOptions)
-    errors.handle()
-    return assembly.name
-}
-
-fun printAst(programAst: Program) {
-    println()
-    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print, programAst)
-    printer.visit(programAst)
-    println()
-}
-

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Zeropage.kt

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
 
     fun available() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) 0 else free.size
 
-    fun allocate(scopedname: String, datatype: DataType, position: Position?, errors: ErrorReporter): Int {
+    fun allocate(scopedname: String, datatype: DataType, position: Position?, errors: IErrorReporter): Int {
         assert(scopedname.isEmpty() || !allocations.values.any { it.first==scopedname } ) {"scopedname can't be allocated twice"}
 
         if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstChecker.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Module
@@ -6,17 +6,22 @@ import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.ZeropageType
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 import java.io.File
 
 internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                           private val compilerOptions: CompilationOptions,
-                          private val errors: ErrorReporter) : IAstVisitor {
+                          private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                          private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget
+) : IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
         assert(program === this.program)
@@ -37,17 +42,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        // there can be an optional single 'irq' block with a 'irq' subroutine in it,
-        // which will be used as the 60hz irq routine in the vm if it's present
-        val irqBlocks = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { it is Block && it.name=="irq" }.map { it as Block }
-        if(irqBlocks.size>1)
-            errors.err("more than one 'irq' block", irqBlocks[0].position)
-        for(irqBlock in irqBlocks) {
-            val irqSub = irqBlock.subScope("irq") as? Subroutine
-            if (irqSub != null) {
-                if (irqSub.parameters.isNotEmpty() || irqSub.returntypes.isNotEmpty())
-                    errors.err("irq entrypoint subroutine can't have parameters and/or return values", irqSub.position)
-            }
+        if(compilerOptions.floats) {
+            if (compilerOptions.zeropage !in setOf(ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
+                errors.err("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'", program.mainModule.position)
         }
 
         super.visit(program)
@@ -79,7 +76,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(expectedReturnValues.size==1 && returnStmt.value!=null) {
             val valueDt = returnStmt.value!!.inferType(program)
             if(!valueDt.isKnown) {
-                errors.err("return value type mismatch", returnStmt.value!!.position)
+                errors.err("return value type mismatch or unknown symbol", returnStmt.value!!.position)
             } else {
                 if (expectedReturnValues[0] != valueDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT))
                     errors.err("type $valueDt of return value doesn't match subroutine's return type ${expectedReturnValues[0]}", returnStmt.value!!.position)
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(iterableDt !in IterableDatatypes && forLoop.iterable !is RangeExpr) {
             errors.err("can only loop over an iterable type", forLoop.position)
         } else {
-            val loopvar = forLoop.loopVar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+            val loopvar = forLoop.loopVar.targetVarDecl(program)
             if(loopvar==null || loopvar.type== VarDeclType.CONST) {
                 errors.err("for loop requires a variable to loop with", forLoop.position)
             } else {
@@ -127,7 +124,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     else -> errors.err("loop variable must be numeric type", forLoop.position)
                 }
-                if(errors.isEmpty()) {
+                if(errors.noErrors()) {
                     // check loop range values
                     val range = forLoop.iterable as? RangeExpr
                     if(range!=null) {
@@ -150,21 +147,24 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(jump: Jump) {
-        if(jump.identifier!=null) {
-            val targetStatement = checkFunctionOrLabelExists(jump.identifier, jump)
+        val ident = jump.identifier
+        if(ident!=null) {
+            val targetStatement = checkFunctionOrLabelExists(ident, jump)
             if(targetStatement!=null) {
                 if(targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder)
                     errors.err("can't jump to a builtin function", jump.position)
             }
         }
 
-        if(jump.address!=null && (jump.address < 0 || jump.address > 65535))
+        val addr = jump.address
+        if(addr!=null && (addr < 0 || addr > 65535))
             errors.err("jump address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", jump.position)
         super.visit(jump)
     }
 
     override fun visit(block: Block) {
-        if(block.address!=null && (block.address<0 || block.address>65535)) {
+        val addr = block.address
+        if(addr!=null && (addr<0 || addr>65535)) {
             errors.err("block memory address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", block.position)
         }
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 else -> false
             }
             if (!ok) {
-                errors.err("statement occurs in a block, where it will never be executed. Use it in a subroutine instead.", statement.position)
+                errors.err("non-declarative statement occurs in block scope, where it will never be executed. Move it to a subroutine instead.", statement.position)
                 break
             }
         }
@@ -209,13 +209,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(uniqueNames.size!=subroutine.parameters.size)
             err("parameter names must be unique")
 
-        if(subroutine.inline) {
-            if (subroutine.containsDefinedVariables())
-                err("can't inline a subroutine that defines variables")
-            if (!subroutine.isAsmSubroutine && subroutine.parameters.isNotEmpty())
-                err("can't inline a non-asm subroutine that has parameters")
-        }
-
         super.visit(subroutine)
 
         // user-defined subroutines can only have zero or one return type
@@ -224,13 +217,13 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             err("subroutines can only have one return value")
 
         // subroutine must contain at least one 'return' or 'goto'
-        // (or if it has an asm block, that must contain a 'rts' or 'jmp')
+        // (or if it has an asm block, that must contain a 'rts' or 'jmp' or 'bra')
         if(subroutine.statements.count { it is Return || it is Jump } == 0) {
             if (subroutine.amountOfRtsInAsm() == 0) {
                 if (subroutine.returntypes.isNotEmpty()) {
                     // for asm subroutines with an address, no statement check is possible.
                     if (subroutine.asmAddress == null && !subroutine.inline)
-                        err("non-inline subroutine has result value(s) and thus must have at least one 'return' or 'goto' in it (or 'rts' / 'jmp' in case of %asm)")
+                        err("non-inline subroutine has result value(s) and thus must have at least one 'return' or 'goto' in it (or rts/jmp/bra in case of %asm)")
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -315,9 +308,11 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         RegisterOrPair.R13,
                         RegisterOrPair.R14,
                         RegisterOrPair.R15 -> { /* no sensible way to count this */ }
-                        null ->
-                            if(p.statusflag!=null)
-                                statusflagCounts[p.statusflag] = statusflagCounts.getValue(p.statusflag) + 1
+                        null -> {
+                            val statusf = p.statusflag
+                            if (statusf != null)
+                                statusflagCounts[statusf] = statusflagCounts.getValue(statusf) + 1
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -342,10 +337,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             if(statusFlagsNoCarry.isNotEmpty())
                 err("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
 
-            val carryParameter = subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.singleOrNull { it.statusflag==Statusflag.Pc }
-            if(carryParameter!=null && carryParameter !== subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.last())
-                err("carry parameter has to come last")
-
         } else {
             // Pass-by-reference datatypes can not occur as parameters to a subroutine directly
             // Instead, their reference (address) should be passed (as an UWORD).
@@ -376,13 +367,13 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
     override fun visit(assignment: Assignment) {
         if(assignment.value is FunctionCall) {
-            val stmt = (assignment.value as FunctionCall).target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+            val stmt = (assignment.value as FunctionCall).target.targetStatement(program)
             if (stmt is Subroutine) {
                 val idt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
                 if(!idt.isKnown) {
                      errors.err("return type mismatch", assignment.value.position)
                 }
-                if(stmt.returntypes.size <= 1 && stmt.returntypes.single() isNotAssignableTo idt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE)) {
+                if(stmt.returntypes.isEmpty() || (stmt.returntypes.size == 1 && stmt.returntypes.single() isNotAssignableTo idt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE))) {
                     errors.err("return type mismatch", assignment.value.position)
                 }
             }
@@ -390,7 +381,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         val targetIdent = assignment.target.identifier
         if(targetIdent!=null) {
-            val targetVar = targetIdent.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+            val targetVar = targetIdent.targetVarDecl(program)
             if(targetVar?.struct != null) {
                 val sourceStructLv = assignment.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
                 if (sourceStructLv != null) {
@@ -399,7 +390,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 } else {
                     val sourceIdent = assignment.value as? IdentifierReference
                     if (sourceIdent != null) {
-                        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+                        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program)
                         if (sourceVar?.struct != null) {
                             if (sourceVar.struct !== targetVar.struct)
                                 errors.err("assignment of different struct types", assignment.position)
@@ -487,7 +478,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(addressOf: AddressOf) {
-        val variable=addressOf.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+        val variable=addressOf.identifier.targetVarDecl(program)
         if(variable!=null
             && variable.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes
             && variable.type!=VarDeclType.MEMORY
@@ -501,7 +492,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         fun err(msg: String, position: Position?=null) = errors.err(msg, position ?: decl.position)
 
         // the initializer value can't refer to the variable itself (recursive definition)
-        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexVar?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true)
+        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true)
             err("recursive var declaration")
 
         // CONST can only occur on simple types (byte, word, float)
@@ -747,7 +738,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     err("this directive may only occur in a block or at module level")
                 if(directive.args.isEmpty())
                     err("missing option directive argument(s)")
-                else if(directive.args.map{it.name in setOf("enable_floats", "force_output", "no_sysinit")}.any { !it })
+                else if(directive.args.map{it.name in setOf("enable_floats", "force_output", "no_sysinit", "align_word", "align_page")}.any { !it })
                     err("invalid option directive argument(s)")
             }
             "%target" -> {
@@ -782,7 +773,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         fun isPassByReferenceElement(e: Expression): Boolean {
             if(e is IdentifierReference) {
-                val decl = e.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                val decl = e.targetVarDecl(program)!!
                 return decl.datatype in PassByReferenceDatatypes
             }
             return e is StringLiteralValue
@@ -790,7 +781,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         if(array.parent is VarDecl) {
             if (!array.value.all { it is NumericLiteralValue || it is AddressOf || isPassByReferenceElement(it) })
-                errors.err("array literal for variable initialization contains invalid types", array.position)
+                errors.err("array literal for variable initialization contains non-constant elements", array.position)
         } else if(array.parent is ForLoop) {
             if (!array.value.all { it.constValue(program) != null })
                 errors.err("array literal for iteration must contain constants. Try using a separate array variable instead?", array.position)
@@ -935,12 +926,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 errors.warn("sgn() of unsigned type is always 0 or 1, this is perhaps not what was intended", functionCall.args.first().position)
         }
 
-        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCall, functionCall.definingScope(), program)
+        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCall, program)
         if(error!=null)
             errors.err(error, functionCall.position)
 
         // check the functions that return multiple returnvalues.
-        val stmt = functionCall.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val stmt = functionCall.target.targetStatement(program)
         if (stmt is Subroutine) {
             if (stmt.returntypes.size > 1) {
                 // Currently, it's only possible to handle ONE (or zero) return values from a subroutine.
@@ -961,6 +952,20 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
+        // functions that don't return a value, can't be used in an expression or assignment
+        if(targetStatement is Subroutine) {
+            if(targetStatement.returntypes.isEmpty()) {
+                if(functionCall.parent is Expression || functionCall.parent is Assignment)
+                    errors.err("subroutine doesn't return a value", functionCall.position)
+            }
+        }
+        else if(targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
+            if(builtinFunctionReturnType(targetStatement.name, functionCall.args, program).isUnknown) {
+                if(functionCall.parent is Expression || functionCall.parent is Assignment)
+                    errors.err("function doesn't return a value", functionCall.position)
+            }
+        }
+
         super.visit(functionCall)
     }
 
@@ -998,7 +1003,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope(), program)
+        val error =
+            VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCallStatement, program)
         if(error!=null) {
             errors.err(error, functionCallStatement.args.firstOrNull()?.position ?: functionCallStatement.position)
         }
@@ -1025,7 +1031,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     errors.err("swap requires args of numerical type", position)
             }
             else if(target.name=="all" || target.name=="any") {
-                if((args[0] as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)?.datatype == DataType.STR) {
+                if((args[0] as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program)?.datatype == DataType.STR) {
                     errors.err("any/all on a string is useless (is always true unless the string is empty)", position)
                 }
                 if(args[0].inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STR) == DataType.STR) {
@@ -1039,6 +1045,28 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     if (!argIDt.isKnown)
                         return
                 }
+
+                // check that cx16 virtual registers aren't used as arguments in a conflicting way
+                val params = target.asmParameterRegisters.withIndex().toList()
+                for(arg in args.withIndex()) {
+                    var ident: IdentifierReference? = null
+                    if(arg.value is IdentifierReference)
+                        ident = arg.value as IdentifierReference
+                    else if(arg.value is FunctionCall) {
+                        val fcall = arg.value as FunctionCall
+                        if(fcall.target.nameInSource == listOf("lsb") || fcall.target.nameInSource == listOf("msb"))
+                            ident = fcall.args[0] as? IdentifierReference
+                    }
+                    if(ident!=null && ident.nameInSource[0] == "cx16" && ident.nameInSource[1].startsWith("r")) {
+                        val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(ident.nameInSource[1].toUpperCase())
+                        val same = params.filter { it.value.registerOrPair==reg }
+                        for(s in same) {
+                            if(s.index!=arg.index) {
+                                errors.err("conflicting register $reg used as argument but is also a target register for another parameter", ident.position)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1058,7 +1086,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
         } else if(postIncrDecr.target.arrayindexed != null) {
-            val target = postIncrDecr.target.arrayindexed?.arrayvar?.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+            val target = postIncrDecr.target.arrayindexed?.arrayvar?.targetStatement(program)
             if(target==null) {
                 errors.err("undefined symbol", postIncrDecr.position)
             }
@@ -1073,7 +1101,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
-        val target = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val target = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetStatement(program)
         if(target is VarDecl) {
             if(target.datatype !in IterableDatatypes)
                 errors.err("indexing requires an iterable variable", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
@@ -1096,15 +1124,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             errors.err("indexing requires a variable to act upon", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
 
         // check index value 0..255
-        val dtxNum = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexNum?.inferType(program)?.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-        if(dtxNum!=null && dtxNum != DataType.UBYTE && dtxNum != DataType.BYTE)
+        val dtxNum = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr.inferType(program)
+        if(!dtxNum.istype(DataType.UBYTE) && !dtxNum.istype(DataType.BYTE))
             errors.err("array indexing is limited to byte size 0..255", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-        val dtxVar = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexVar?.inferType(program)?.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-        if(dtxVar!=null && dtxVar != DataType.UBYTE && dtxVar != DataType.BYTE)
-            errors.err("array indexing is limited to byte size 0..255", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-
-        if(arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression!=null)
-            throw FatalAstException("array indexer should have been replaced with a temp var @ ${arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.position}")
 
         super.visit(arrayIndexedExpression)
     }
@@ -1113,12 +1135,18 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val conditionType = whenStatement.condition.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
         if(conditionType !in IntegerDatatypes)
             errors.err("when condition must be an integer value", whenStatement.position)
-        val choiceValues = whenStatement.choiceValues(program)
-        val occurringValues = choiceValues.map {it.first}
-        val tally = choiceValues.associate { it.second to occurringValues.count { ov->it.first==ov} }
-        tally.filter { it.value>1 }.forEach {
-            errors.err("choice value occurs multiple times", it.key.position)
+        val tally = mutableSetOf<Int>()
+        for((choices, choiceNode) in whenStatement.choiceValues(program)) {
+            if(choices!=null) {
+                for (c in choices) {
+                    if(c in tally)
+                        errors.err("choice value already occurs earlier", choiceNode.position)
+                    else
+                        tally.add(c)
+                }
+            }
         }
+
         if(whenStatement.choices.isEmpty())
             errors.err("empty when statement", whenStatement.position)
 
@@ -1165,7 +1193,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun checkFunctionOrLabelExists(target: IdentifierReference, statement: Statement): Statement? {
-        val targetStatement = target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val targetStatement = target.targetStatement(program)
         if(targetStatement is Label || targetStatement is Subroutine || targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder)
             return targetStatement
         else if(targetStatement==null)
@@ -1255,7 +1283,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
                     // check if the floating point values are all within range
                     val doubles = value.value.map {it.constValue(program)?.number!!.toDouble()}.toDoubleArray()
-                    if(doubles.any { it < CompilationTarget.instance.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || it > CompilationTarget.instance.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE })
+                    if(doubles.any { it < compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || it > compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE })
                         return err("floating point value overflow")
                     return true
                 }
@@ -1329,7 +1357,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val array = value.value.map {
             when (it) {
                 is NumericLiteralValue -> it.number.toInt()
-                is AddressOf -> it.identifier.heapId(program.namespace)
+                is AddressOf -> it.identifier.hashCode() and 0xffff
                 is TypecastExpression -> {
                     val constVal = it.expression.constValue(program)
                     val cast = constVal?.cast(it.type)
@@ -1383,12 +1411,15 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 if(sourceDatatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
                     val structLv = sourceValue as ArrayLiteralValue
                     val numValues = structLv.value.size
-                    val targetstruct = target.identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.struct!!
+                    val targetstruct = target.identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program)!!.struct!!
                     return targetstruct.numberOfElements == numValues
                 }
                 false
             }
-            else -> errors.err("cannot assign new value to variable of type $targetDatatype", position)
+            else -> {
+                errors.err("cannot assign new value to variable of type $targetDatatype", position)
+                false
+            }
         }
 
         if(result)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstExtensions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
+import prog8.compiler.BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+
+
+internal fun Program.checkValid(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
+    val checker = AstChecker(this, compilerOptions, errors, compTarget)
+    checker.visit(this)
+}
+
+internal fun Program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
+    val fixer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(this, errors, compTarget)
+    fixer.visit(this)
+    while(errors.noErrors() && fixer.applyModifications()>0) {
+        fixer.visit(this)
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val reorder = StatementReorderer(this, errors)
+    reorder.visit(this)
+    if(errors.noErrors()) {
+        reorder.applyModifications()
+        reorder.visit(this)
+        if(errors.noErrors())
+            reorder.applyModifications()
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun Program.addTypecasts(errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val caster = TypecastsAdder(this, errors)
+    caster.visit(this)
+    caster.applyModifications()
+}
+
+internal fun Program.verifyFunctionArgTypes() {
+    val fixer = VerifyFunctionArgTypes(this)
+    fixer.visit(this)
+}
+
+internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
+
+    val checker2 = AstIdentifiersChecker(this, errors, compTarget)
+    checker2.visit(this)
+
+    if(errors.noErrors()) {
+        val transforms = AstVariousTransforms(this)
+        transforms.visit(this)
+        transforms.applyModifications()
+        val lit2decl = LiteralsToAutoVars(this)
+        lit2decl.visit(this)
+        lit2decl.applyModifications()
+    }
+
+    if (modules.map { it.name }.toSet().size != modules.size) {
+        throw FatalAstException("modules should all be unique")
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun Program.variousCleanups(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val process = VariousCleanups(program, errors)
+    process.visit(this)
+    if(errors.noErrors())
+        process.applyModifications()
+}
+
+
+internal fun Program.moveMainAndStartToFirst() {
+    // the module containing the program entrypoint is moved to the first in the sequence.
+    // the "main" block containing the entrypoint is moved to the top in there,
+    // and finally the entrypoint subroutine "start" itself is moved to the top in that block.
+
+    val directives = modules[0].statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>()
+    val start = this.entrypoint()
+    val mod = start.definingModule()
+    val block = start.definingBlock()
+    if(!modules.remove(mod))
+        throw FatalAstException("module wrong")
+    modules.add(0, mod)
+    mod.remove(block)
+    var afterDirective = mod.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
+    if(afterDirective<0)
+        mod.statements.add(block)
+    else
+        mod.statements.add(afterDirective, block)
+    block.remove(start)
+    afterDirective = block.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
+    if(afterDirective<0)
+        block.statements.add(start)
+    else
+        block.statements.add(afterDirective, start)
+
+    // overwrite the directives in the module containing the entrypoint
+    for(directive in directives) {
+        modules[0].statements.removeAll { it is Directive && it.directive == directive.directive }
+        modules[0].statements.add(0, directive)
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.NumericDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
-internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val errors: ErrorReporter) : IAstVisitor {
+internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : IAstVisitor {
     private var blocks = mutableMapOf<String, Block>()
 
     private fun nameError(name: String, position: Position, existing: Statement) {
@@ -22,7 +28,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
     }
 
     override fun visit(block: Block) {
-        if(block.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames)
+        if(block.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${block.name}'", block.position)
 
         val existing = blocks[block.name]
@@ -44,8 +50,8 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
     override fun visit(directive: Directive) {
         if(directive.directive=="%target") {
             val compatibleTarget = directive.args.single().name
-            if (compatibleTarget != CompilationTarget.instance.name)
-                errors.err("module's compilation target ($compatibleTarget) differs from active target (${CompilationTarget.instance.name})", directive.position)
+            if (compatibleTarget != compTarget.name)
+                errors.err("module's compilation target ($compatibleTarget) differs from active target (${compTarget.name})", directive.position)
         }
 
         super.visit(directive)
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
         if(decl.name in BuiltinFunctions)
             errors.err("builtin function cannot be redefined", decl.position)
 
-        if(decl.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames)
+        if(decl.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
 
         if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
     }
 
     override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
-        if(subroutine.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames) {
+        if(subroutine.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames) {
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
         } else if(subroutine.name in BuiltinFunctions) {
             // the builtin functions can't be redefined
@@ -136,7 +142,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
     }
 
     override fun visit(label: Label) {
-        if(label.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames)
+        if(label.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${label.name}'", label.position)
 
         if(label.name in BuiltinFunctions) {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstVariousTransforms.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
+import prog8.ast.statements.ParameterVarDecl
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 
 
 internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
 
     override fun before(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // is it a struct variable? then define all its struct members as mangled names,
@@ -17,16 +22,14 @@ internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
             val decls = decl.flattenStructMembers()
             decls.add(decl)
             val result = AnonymousScope(decls, decl.position)
-            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
-                    decl, result, parent
-            ))
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, result, parent))
         }
 
         return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // For non-kernel subroutines and non-asm parameters:
+        // For non-kernal subroutines and non-asm parameters:
         // inject subroutine params as local variables (if they're not there yet).
         val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols()
         val namesInSub = symbolsInSub.map{ it.first }.toSet()

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/LiteralsToAutoVars.kt

@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.ast.statements.WhenChoice
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 
 
 internal class LiteralsToAutoVars(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
 
     override fun after(string: StringLiteralValue, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         if(string.parent !is VarDecl && string.parent !is WhenChoice) {
-            // replace the literal string by a identifier reference to a new local vardecl
-            val vardecl = VarDecl.createAuto(string)
-            val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(vardecl.name), vardecl.position)
-            return listOf(
-                    IAstModification.ReplaceNode(string, identifier, parent),
-                    IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl, string.definingScope())
-            )
+            // replace the literal string by a identifier reference to the interned string
+            val scopedName = program.internString(string)
+            val identifier = IdentifierReference(scopedName, string.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(string, identifier, parent))
         }
         return noModifications
     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/ReflectionAstWalker.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 
 /*

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/StatementReorderer.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.*
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
-internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
     // Reorders the statements in a way the compiler needs.
     // - 'main' block must be the very first statement UNLESS it has an address set.
     // - library blocks are put last.
@@ -20,7 +23,6 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
     // - sorts the choices in when statement.
     // - insert AddressOf (&) expression where required (string params to a UWORD function param etc).
 
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
     private val directivesToMove = setOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address", "%option")
 
     override fun after(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
@@ -82,12 +84,11 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
 
     override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
 
-        val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+        val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
         if(arrayVar!=null && arrayVar.datatype ==  DataType.UWORD) {
             // rewrite   pointervar[index]  into  @(pointervar+index)
             val indexer = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer
-            val index = (indexer.indexNum ?: indexer.indexVar)!!
-            val add = BinaryExpression(arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar, "+", index, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
+            val add = BinaryExpression(arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar, "+", indexer.indexExpr, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
             return if(parent is AssignTarget) {
                 // we're part of the target of an assignment, we have to actually change the assign target itself
                 val memwrite = DirectMemoryWrite(add, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
@@ -99,23 +100,7 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
             }
         }
 
-        when (val expr2 = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression) {
-            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexNum = expr2
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression = null
-                return noModifications
-            }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexVar = expr2
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression = null
-                return noModifications
-            }
-            is Expression -> {
-                // replace complex indexing with a temp variable
-                return getAutoIndexerVarFor(arrayIndexedExpression)
-            }
-            else -> return noModifications
-        }
+        return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(expr: BinaryExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
@@ -140,7 +125,7 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
                 }
                 is IFunctionCall -> {
                     val argnum = parent.args.indexOf(expr)
-                    when (val callee = parent.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
+                    when (val callee = parent.target.targetStatement(program)) {
                         is Subroutine -> {
                             val paramType = callee.parameters[argnum].type
                             if(leftDt isAssignableTo paramType) {
@@ -164,41 +149,41 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
                 else -> return noModifications
             }
         }
+        else if(expr.operator in logicalOperators) {
+            // make sure that logical expressions like "var and other-logical-expression
+            // is rewritten as "var!=0 and other-logical-expression", to avoid bitwise boolean and
+            // generating the wrong results later
+
+            fun wrapped(expr: Expression): Expression =
+                BinaryExpression(expr, "!=", NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position), expr.position)
+
+            fun isLogicalExpr(expr: Expression?): Boolean {
+                if(expr is BinaryExpression && expr.operator in (logicalOperators + comparisonOperators))
+                    return true
+                if(expr is PrefixExpression && expr.operator in logicalOperators)
+                    return true
+                return false
+            }
+
+            return if(isLogicalExpr(expr.left)) {
+                if(isLogicalExpr(expr.right))
+                    noModifications
+                else
+                    listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, wrapped(expr.right), expr))
+            } else {
+                if(isLogicalExpr(expr.right))
+                    listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, wrapped(expr.left), expr))
+                else {
+                    listOf(
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, wrapped(expr.left), expr),
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, wrapped(expr.right), expr)
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    private fun getAutoIndexerVarFor(expr: ArrayIndexedExpression): MutableList<IAstModification> {
-        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
-        val subroutine = expr.definingSubroutine()!!
-        val statement = expr.containingStatement()
-        val indexerVarPrefix = "prog8_autovar_index_"
-        val repo = subroutine.asmGenInfo.usedAutoArrayIndexerForStatements
-
-        // TODO make this a bit smarter so it can reuse indexer variables. BUT BEWARE of scoping+initialization problems then
-        // add another loop index var to be used for this expression
-        val indexerVarName = "$indexerVarPrefix${expr.indexer.hashCode()}"
-        val indexerVar = AsmGenInfo.ArrayIndexerInfo(indexerVarName, expr.indexer)
-        repo.add(indexerVar)
-        // create the indexer var at block level scope
-        val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE,
-                null, indexerVarName, null, null, isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = expr.position)
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl, subroutine))
-
-        // replace the indexer with just the variable
-        // assign the indexing expression to the helper variable, but only if that hasn't been done already
-        val indexerExpression = expr.indexer.origExpression!!
-        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(indexerVar.name), indexerExpression.position), null, null, indexerExpression.position)
-        val assign = Assignment(target, indexerExpression, indexerExpression.position)
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.definingScope()))
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.SetExpression( {
-            expr.indexer.indexVar = it as IdentifierReference
-            expr.indexer.indexNum = null
-            expr.indexer.origExpression = null
-        }, target.identifier!!.copy(), expr.indexer))
-
-        return modifications
-    }
-
     override fun after(whenStatement: WhenStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val choices = whenStatement.choiceValues(program).sortedBy {
             it.first?.first() ?: Int.MAX_VALUE
@@ -213,18 +198,15 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
         if(declValue!=null && decl.type== VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
             val declConstValue = declValue.constValue(program)
             if(declConstValue==null) {
-                // move the vardecl (without value) to the scope and replace this with a regular assignment
-                // Unless we're dealing with a floating point variable because that will actually make things less efficient at the moment (because floats are mostly calcualated via the stack)
-                if(decl.datatype!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                    decl.value = null
-                    decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
-                    val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
-                    val assign = Assignment(target, declValue, decl.position)
-                    return listOf(
-                            IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, parent),
-                            IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, decl.definingScope())
-                    )
-                }
+                // move the vardecl (without value) to the scope of the defining subroutine and put a regular assignment in its place here.
+                decl.value = null
+                decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
+                val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
+                val assign = Assignment(target, declValue, decl.position)
+                return listOf(
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, parent),
+                        IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, decl.definingSubroutine() as INameScope)
+                )
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -233,32 +215,23 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
     override fun before(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val valueType = assignment.value.inferType(program)
         val targetType = assignment.target.inferType(program)
-        var assignments = emptyList<Assignment>()
 
         if(targetType.istype(DataType.STRUCT) && (valueType.istype(DataType.STRUCT) || valueType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes )) {
-            assignments = if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
-                flattenStructAssignmentFromStructLiteral(assignment)    //  'structvar = [ ..... ] '
+            if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
+                errors.err("cannot assign array literal here, use separate assignment per field", assignment.position)
             } else {
-                flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(assignment)    //   'structvar1 = structvar2'
+                return copyStructValue(assignment)
             }
         }
 
         if(targetType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes && valueType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes ) {
-            assignments = if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
-                flattenArrayAssignmentFromArrayLiteral(assignment)    //  'arrayvar = [ ..... ] '
+            if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
+                errors.err("cannot assign array literal here, use separate assignment per element", assignment.position)
             } else {
-                flattenArrayAssignmentFromIdentifier(assignment)    //   'arrayvar1 = arrayvar2'
+                return copyArrayValue(assignment)
             }
         }
 
-        if(assignments.isNotEmpty()) {
-            val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
-            val scope = assignment.definingScope()
-            assignments.reversed().mapTo(modifications) { IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, it, scope) }
-            modifications.add(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, scope))
-            return modifications
-        }
-
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -311,113 +284,98 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    private fun flattenArrayAssignmentFromArrayLiteral(assign: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
+    private fun copyArrayValue(assign: Assignment): List<IAstModification> {
         val identifier = assign.target.identifier!!
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        val alv = assign.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-        return flattenArrayAssign(targetVar, alv, identifier, assign.position)
-    }
+        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program)!!
 
-    private fun flattenArrayAssignmentFromIdentifier(assign: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
-        val identifier = assign.target.identifier!!
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        if(targetVar.arraysize==null)
+            errors.err("array has no defined size", assign.position)
+
+        if(assign.value !is IdentifierReference) {
+            errors.err("invalid array value to assign to other array", assign.value.position)
+            return noModifications
+        }
         val sourceIdent = assign.value as IdentifierReference
-        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program)!!
         if(!sourceVar.isArray) {
-            errors.err("value must be an array",  sourceIdent.position)
-            return emptyList()
+            errors.err("value must be an array", sourceIdent.position)
+        } else {
+            if (sourceVar.arraysize!!.constIndex() != targetVar.arraysize!!.constIndex())
+                errors.err("element count mismatch", assign.position)
+            if (sourceVar.datatype != targetVar.datatype)
+                errors.err("element type mismatch", assign.position)
         }
-        val alv = sourceVar.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-        return flattenArrayAssign(targetVar, alv, identifier, assign.position)
+
+        if(!errors.noErrors())
+            return noModifications
+
+        val memcopy = FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("sys", "memcopy"), assign.position),
+            mutableListOf(
+                AddressOf(sourceIdent, assign.position),
+                AddressOf(identifier, assign.position),
+                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(targetVar.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!, assign.position)
+            ),
+            true,
+            assign.position
+        )
+        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assign, memcopy, assign.parent))
     }
 
-    private fun flattenArrayAssign(targetVar: VarDecl, alv: ArrayLiteralValue?, identifier: IdentifierReference, position: Position): List<Assignment> {
-        if(targetVar.arraysize==null) {
-            errors.err("array has no defined size", identifier.position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-
-        if(alv==null || alv.value.size != targetVar.arraysize!!.constIndex()) {
-            errors.err("element count mismatch", position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-
-        // TODO use a pointer loop instead of individual assignments
-        return alv.value.mapIndexed { index, value ->
-            val idx = ArrayIndexedExpression(identifier, ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, index, position), position), position)
-            Assignment(AssignTarget(null, idx, null, position), value, value.position)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenStructAssignmentFromStructLiteral(structAssignment: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
+    private fun copyStructValue(structAssignment: Assignment): List<IAstModification> {
         val identifier = structAssignment.target.identifier!!
-        val identifierName = identifier.nameInSource.single()
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        val struct = targetVar.struct!!
-
-        val slv = structAssignment.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-        if(slv==null || slv.value.size != struct.numberOfElements) {
-            errors.err("element count mismatch", structAssignment.position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-
-        return struct.statements.zip(slv.value).map { (targetDecl, sourceValue) ->
-            targetDecl as VarDecl
-            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, targetDecl.name)
-            val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-            val assign = Assignment(AssignTarget(idref, null, null, structAssignment.position),
-                    sourceValue, sourceValue.position)
-            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-            assign
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(structAssignment: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
-        // TODO use memcopy beyond a certain number of elements
-        val identifier = structAssignment.target.identifier!!
-        val identifierName = identifier.nameInSource.single()
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program)!!
         val struct = targetVar.struct!!
         when (structAssignment.value) {
             is IdentifierReference -> {
-                val sourceVar = (structAssignment.value as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                val sourceVar = (structAssignment.value as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)!!
+                val memsize = struct.memsize(program.memsizer)
                 when {
                     sourceVar.struct!=null -> {
                         // struct memberwise copy
                         val sourceStruct = sourceVar.struct!!
                         if(sourceStruct!==targetVar.struct) {
-                            // structs are not the same in assignment
-                            return listOf()     // error will be printed elsewhere
+                            errors.err("struct type mismatch", structAssignment.position)
+                            return listOf()
                         }
-                        if(struct.statements.size!=sourceStruct.statements.size)
-                            return listOf()     // error will be printed elsewhere
-                        return struct.statements.zip(sourceStruct.statements).map { member ->
-                            val targetDecl = member.first as VarDecl
-                            val sourceDecl = member.second as VarDecl
-                            if(targetDecl.name != sourceDecl.name)
-                                throw FatalAstException("struct member mismatch")
-                            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, targetDecl.name)
-                            val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-                            val sourcemangled = mangledStructMemberName(sourceVar.name, sourceDecl.name)
-                            val sourceIdref = IdentifierReference(listOf(sourcemangled), structAssignment.position)
-                            val assign = Assignment(AssignTarget(idref, null, null, structAssignment.position), sourceIdref, member.second.position)
-                            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-                            assign
+                        if(struct.statements.size!=sourceStruct.statements.size) {
+                            errors.err("struct element count mismatch", structAssignment.position)
+                            return listOf()
                         }
+                        if(memsize!=sourceStruct.memsize(program.memsizer)) {
+                            errors.err("memory size mismatch", structAssignment.position)
+                            return listOf()
+                        }
+                        val memcopy = FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("sys", "memcopy"), structAssignment.position),
+                            mutableListOf(
+                                AddressOf(structAssignment.value as IdentifierReference, structAssignment.position),
+                                AddressOf(identifier, structAssignment.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(memsize, structAssignment.position)
+                            ),
+                            true,
+                            structAssignment.position
+                        )
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(structAssignment, memcopy, structAssignment.parent))
                     }
                     sourceVar.isArray -> {
-                        val array = (sourceVar.value as ArrayLiteralValue).value
-                        if(struct.statements.size!=array.size)
-                            return listOf()     // error will be printed elsewhere
-                        return struct.statements.zip(array).map {
-                            val decl = it.first as VarDecl
-                            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, decl.name)
-                            val targetName = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-                            val target = AssignTarget(targetName, null, null, structAssignment.position)
-                            val assign = Assignment(target, it.second, structAssignment.position)
-                            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-                            assign
+                        val array = sourceVar.value as ArrayLiteralValue
+                        if(struct.statements.size!=array.value.size) {
+                            errors.err("struct element count mismatch", structAssignment.position)
+                            return listOf()
                         }
+                        if(memsize!=array.memsize(program.memsizer)) {
+                            errors.err("memory size mismatch", structAssignment.position)
+                            return listOf()
+                        }
+                        val memcopy = FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("sys", "memcopy"), structAssignment.position),
+                            mutableListOf(
+                                AddressOf(structAssignment.value as IdentifierReference, structAssignment.position),
+                                AddressOf(identifier, structAssignment.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(memsize, structAssignment.position)
+                            ),
+                            true,
+                            structAssignment.position
+                        )
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(structAssignment, memcopy, structAssignment.parent))
                     }
                     else -> {
                         throw FatalAstException("can only assign arrays or structs to structs")
@@ -425,7 +383,7 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporte
                 }
             }
             is ArrayLiteralValue -> {
-                throw IllegalArgumentException("not going to flatten a structLv assignment here")
+                throw IllegalArgumentException("not going to do a structLv assignment here")
             }
             else -> throw FatalAstException("strange struct value")
         }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/TypecastsAdder.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
-class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
     /*
      * Make sure any value assignments get the proper type casts if needed to cast them into the target variable's type.
      * (this includes function call arguments)
      */
 
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val declValue = decl.value
         if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR && declValue!=null && decl.struct==null) {
@@ -106,18 +106,18 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
     }
 
     override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope())
+        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCallStatement)
     }
 
     override fun after(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCall, functionCall.definingScope())
+        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCall)
     }
 
-    private fun afterFunctionCallArgs(call: IFunctionCall, scope: INameScope): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+    private fun afterFunctionCallArgs(call: IFunctionCall): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // see if a typecast is needed to convert the arguments into the required parameter's type
         val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
 
-        when(val sub = call.target.targetStatement(scope)) {
+        when(val sub = call.target.targetStatement(program)) {
             is Subroutine -> {
                 sub.parameters.zip(call.args).forEachIndexed { index, pair ->
                     val argItype = pair.second.inferType(program)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VariousCleanups.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+
+
+internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter): AstWalker() {
+
+    override fun before(nopStatement: NopStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(nopStatement, parent as INameScope))
+    }
+
+    override fun before(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return if(parent is INameScope)
+            listOf(ScopeFlatten(scope, parent as INameScope))
+        else
+            noModifications
+    }
+
+    class ScopeFlatten(val scope: AnonymousScope, val into: INameScope) : IAstModification {
+        override fun perform() {
+            val idx = into.statements.indexOf(scope)
+            if(idx>=0) {
+                into.statements.addAll(idx+1, scope.statements)
+                scope.statements.forEach { it.parent = into as Node }
+                into.statements.remove(scope)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun before(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return before(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, parent, functionCallStatement.position)
+    }
+
+    override fun before(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return before(functionCall as IFunctionCall, parent, functionCall.position)
+    }
+
+    private fun before(functionCall: IFunctionCall, parent: Node, position: Position): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(functionCall.target.nameInSource==listOf("peek")) {
+            // peek(a) is synonymous with @(a)
+            val memread = DirectMemoryRead(functionCall.args.single(), position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCall as Node, memread, parent))
+        }
+        if(functionCall.target.nameInSource==listOf("poke")) {
+            // poke(a, v) is synonymous with @(a) = v
+            val tgt = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(functionCall.args[0], position), position)
+            val assign = Assignment(tgt, functionCall.args[1], position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCall as Node, assign, parent))
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(typecast.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $typecast")
+
+        if(typecast.expression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+            val value = (typecast.expression as NumericLiteralValue).cast(typecast.type)
+            if(value.isValid)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, value.valueOrZero(), parent))
+        }
+
+        val sourceDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program)
+        if(sourceDt.istype(typecast.type))
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(subroutine.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $subroutine")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(assignment.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $assignment")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(assignTarget: AssignTarget, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(assignTarget.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $assignTarget")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(decl.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $decl")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(scope.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $scope")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(returnStmt: Return, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(returnStmt.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $returnStmt")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(identifier: IdentifierReference, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(identifier.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $identifier")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VerifyFunctionArgTypes.kt

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall) {
-        val error = checkTypes(functionCall as IFunctionCall, functionCall.definingScope(), program)
+        val error = checkTypes(functionCall as IFunctionCall, program)
         if(error!=null)
             throw CompilerException(error)
     }
 
     override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) {
-        val error = checkTypes(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, functionCallStatement.definingScope(), program)
+        val error = checkTypes(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, program)
         if (error!=null)
             throw CompilerException(error)
     }
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
             return false
         }
 
-        fun checkTypes(call: IFunctionCall, scope: INameScope, program: Program): String? {
+        fun checkTypes(call: IFunctionCall, program: Program): String? {
             val argITypes = call.args.map { it.inferType(program) }
             val firstUnknownDt = argITypes.indexOfFirst { it.isUnknown }
             if(firstUnknownDt>=0)
                 return "argument ${firstUnknownDt+1} invalid argument type"
             val argtypes = argITypes.map { it.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) }
-            val target = call.target.targetStatement(scope)
+            val target = call.target.targetStatement(program)
             if (target is Subroutine) {
                 if(call.args.size != target.parameters.size)
                     return "invalid number of arguments"

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-package prog8.functions
+package prog8.compiler.functions
 
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import kotlin.math.*
 class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Set<DataType>)
 
 
-typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program) -> NumericLiteralValue
+typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer) -> NumericLiteralValue
 
 
 class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ class FSignature(val name: String,
     }
 }
 
+@Suppress("UNUSED_ANONYMOUS_PARAMETER")
 private val functionSignatures: List<FSignature> = listOf(
         // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
     FSignature("rol"         , false, listOf(FParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
@@ -95,42 +97,48 @@ private val functionSignatures: List<FSignature> = listOf(
     FSignature("ror2"        , false, listOf(FParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
     FSignature("sort"        , false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
     FSignature("reverse"     , false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    FSignature("cmp"         , false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypes), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypes)), null),
         // these few have a return value depending on the argument(s):
-    FSignature("max"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMax) },    // type depends on args
-    FSignature("min"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMin) },    // type depends on args
-    FSignature("sum"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinSum) },      // type depends on args
+    FSignature("max"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMax) },    // type depends on args
+    FSignature("min"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMin) },    // type depends on args
+    FSignature("sum"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinSum) },      // type depends on args
     FSignature("abs"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), null, ::builtinAbs),      // type depends on argument
     FSignature("len"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), null, ::builtinLen),    // type is UBYTE or UWORD depending on actual length
     FSignature("sizeof"      , true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values().toSet())), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSizeof),
     FSignature("offsetof"    , true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values().toSet())), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinOffsetof),
         // normal functions follow:
     FSignature("sgn"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSgn ),
-    FSignature("sin"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sin) },
+    FSignature("sin"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sin) },
     FSignature("sin8"        , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSin8 ),
     FSignature("sin8u"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSin8u ),
     FSignature("sin16"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.WORD, ::builtinSin16 ),
     FSignature("sin16u"      , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinSin16u ),
-    FSignature("cos"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::cos) },
+    FSignature("cos"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::cos) },
     FSignature("cos8"        , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinCos8 ),
     FSignature("cos8u"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinCos8u ),
     FSignature("cos16"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.WORD, ::builtinCos16 ),
     FSignature("cos16u"      , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinCos16u ),
-    FSignature("tan"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::tan) },
-    FSignature("atan"        , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::atan) },
-    FSignature("ln"          , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::log) },
-    FSignature("log2"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, ::log2) },
-    FSignature("sqrt16"      , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { sqrt(it.toDouble()).toInt() } },
-    FSignature("sqrt"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sqrt) },
-    FSignature("rad"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toRadians) },
-    FSignature("deg"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toDegrees) },
-    FSignature("round"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::round) },
-    FSignature("floor"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::floor) },
-    FSignature("ceil"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::ceil) },
-    FSignature("any"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAny) },
-    FSignature("all"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAll) },
-    FSignature("lsb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x and 255 }},
-    FSignature("msb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x ushr 8 and 255}},
+    FSignature("tan"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::tan) },
+    FSignature("atan"        , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::atan) },
+    FSignature("ln"          , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::log) },
+    FSignature("log2"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, ::log2) },
+    FSignature("sqrt16"      , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { sqrt(it.toDouble()).toInt() } },
+    FSignature("sqrt"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sqrt) },
+    FSignature("rad"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toRadians) },
+    FSignature("deg"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toDegrees) },
+    FSignature("round"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::round) },
+    FSignature("floor"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::floor) },
+    FSignature("ceil"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::ceil) },
+    FSignature("any"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAny) },
+    FSignature("all"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAll) },
+    FSignature("lsb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x and 255 } },
+    FSignature("msb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x ushr 8 and 255} },
     FSignature("mkword"      , true, listOf(FParam("msb", setOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinMkword),
+    FSignature("peek"        , true, listOf(FParam("address", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    FSignature("peekw"       , true, listOf(FParam("address", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    FSignature("poke"        , false, listOf(FParam("address", setOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    FSignature("pokew"       , false, listOf(FParam("address", setOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    FSignature("fastrnd8"    , false, emptyList(), DataType.UBYTE),
     FSignature("rnd"         , false, emptyList(), DataType.UBYTE),
     FSignature("rndw"        , false, emptyList(), DataType.UWORD),
     FSignature("rndf"        , false, emptyList(), DataType.FLOAT),
@@ -266,7 +274,8 @@ private fun collectionArg(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(function(constElements.mapNotNull { it }), args[0].position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     // 1 arg, type = float or int, result type= isSameAs as argument type
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("abs requires one numeric argument", position)
@@ -279,14 +288,14 @@ private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
     }
 }
 
-private fun builtinOffsetof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+private fun builtinOffsetof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     // 1 arg, type = anything, result type = ubyte
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("offsetof requires one argument", position)
     val idref = args[0] as? IdentifierReference
         ?: throw SyntaxError("offsetof argument should be an identifier", position)
 
-    val vardecl = idref.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+    val vardecl = idref.targetVarDecl(program)!!
     val struct = vardecl.struct
     if (struct == null || vardecl.datatype == DataType.STRUCT)
         throw SyntaxError("offsetof can only be used on struct members", position)
@@ -296,12 +305,12 @@ private fun builtinOffsetof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program:
     for(member in struct.statements) {
         if((member as VarDecl).name == membername)
             return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, offset, position)
-        offset += member.datatype.memorySize()
+        offset += memsizer.memorySize(member.datatype)
     }
     throw SyntaxError("undefined struct member", position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     // 1 arg, type = anything, result type = ubyte
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("sizeof requires one argument", position)
@@ -310,17 +319,16 @@ private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
 
     val dt = args[0].inferType(program)
     if(dt.isKnown) {
-        val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program)
                 ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("sizeof", "no target")
 
-        fun structSize(target: StructDecl) =
-                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, target.statements.map { (it as VarDecl).datatype.memorySize() }.sum(), position)
+        fun structSize(target: StructDecl) = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, target.memsize(memsizer), position)
 
         return when {
             dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes -> {
                 val length = (target as VarDecl).arraysize!!.constIndex() ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("sizeof", "unknown array size")
                 val elementDt = ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT))
-                numericLiteral(elementDt.memorySize() * length, position)
+                numericLiteral(memsizer.memorySize(elementDt) * length, position)
             }
             dt.istype(DataType.STRUCT) -> {
                 when (target) {
@@ -330,19 +338,20 @@ private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
                 }
             }
             dt.istype(DataType.STR) -> throw SyntaxError("sizeof str is undefined, did you mean len?", position)
-            else -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT).memorySize(), position)
+            else -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, memsizer.memorySize(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)), position)
         }
     } else {
         throw SyntaxError("sizeof invalid argument type", position)
     }
 }
 
-private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     // note: in some cases the length is > 255 and then we have to return a UWORD type instead of a UBYTE.
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("len requires one argument", position)
 
-    val directMemVar = ((args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead)?.addressExpression as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+    val directMemVar = ((args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead)?.addressExpression as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program)
     var arraySize = directMemVar?.arraysize?.constIndex()
     if(arraySize != null)
         return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, position)
@@ -350,7 +359,7 @@ private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
         return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger((args[0] as ArrayLiteralValue).value.size, position)
     if(args[0] !is IdentifierReference)
         throw SyntaxError("len argument should be an identifier", position)
-    val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+    val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)
             ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "no target vardecl")
 
     return when(target.datatype) {
@@ -361,7 +370,7 @@ private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
             NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
         }
         DataType.STR -> {
-            val refLv = target.value as StringLiteralValue
+            val refLv = target.value as? StringLiteralValue ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "stringsize unknown")
             NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(refLv.value.length, args[0].position)
         }
         DataType.STRUCT -> throw SyntaxError("cannot use len on struct, did you mean sizeof?", args[0].position)
@@ -371,7 +380,8 @@ private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
 }
 
 
-private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 2)
         throw SyntaxError("mkword requires msb and lsb arguments", position)
     val constMsb = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -380,7 +390,8 @@ private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, result, position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin8 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -388,7 +399,8 @@ private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pro
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * sin(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin8u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -396,7 +408,8 @@ private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * sin(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos8 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -404,7 +417,8 @@ private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pro
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * cos(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos8u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -412,7 +426,8 @@ private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * cos(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin16 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -420,7 +435,8 @@ private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, (32767.0 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin16u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -428,7 +444,8 @@ private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos16 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -436,7 +453,8 @@ private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, (32767.0 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos16u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -444,7 +462,8 @@ private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSgn(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSgn(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sgn requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/CompilationTarget.kt

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target
-
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.ErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-internal interface CompilationTarget {
-    val name: String
-    val machine: IMachineDefinition
-    fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
-    fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
-    fun asmGenerator(program: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, zp: Zeropage, options: CompilationOptions, path: Path): IAssemblyGenerator
-
-    companion object {
-        lateinit var instance: CompilationTarget
-    }
-}
-
-
-internal object C64Target: CompilationTarget {
-    override val name = "c64"
-    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
-    override fun asmGenerator(program: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, zp: Zeropage, options: CompilationOptions, path: Path) =
-            AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, path)
-}
-
-internal object Cx16Target: CompilationTarget {
-    override val name = "cx16"
-    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
-    override fun asmGenerator(program: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, zp: Zeropage, options: CompilationOptions, path: Path) =
-            AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, path)
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
+import prog8.ast.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
+import java.io.CharConversionException
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+
+interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
+    val name: String
+    val machine: IMachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
+
+    fun isInRegularRAM(target: AssignTarget, program: Program): Boolean {
+        val memAddr = target.memoryAddress
+        val arrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        val ident = target.identifier
+        when {
+            memAddr != null -> {
+                return when (memAddr.addressExpression) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        machine.isRegularRAMaddress((memAddr.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        val decl = (memAddr.addressExpression as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)
+                        if ((decl?.type == VarDeclType.VAR || decl?.type == VarDeclType.CONST) && decl.value is NumericLiteralValue)
+                            machine.isRegularRAMaddress((decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+                        else
+                            false
+                    }
+                    else -> false
+                }
+            }
+            arrayIdx != null -> {
+                val targetStmt = arrayIdx.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
+                return if (targetStmt?.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY) {
+                    val addr = targetStmt.value as? NumericLiteralValue
+                    if (addr != null)
+                        machine.isRegularRAMaddress(addr.number.toInt())
+                    else
+                        false
+                } else true
+            }
+            ident != null -> {
+                val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+                return if (decl.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY && decl.value is NumericLiteralValue)
+                    machine.isRegularRAMaddress((decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+                else
+                    true
+            }
+            else -> return true
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal object C64Target: ICompilationTarget {
+    override val name = "c64"
+    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        try {
+            if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+            throw AssemblyError("There was a problem converting a string to the target machine's char encoding: ${x.message}")
+        }
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        try {
+            if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
+        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+            throw AssemblyError("There was a problem decoding to a string: ${x.message}")
+        }
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> -9999999
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+internal object Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget {
+    override val name = "cx16"
+    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        try {
+            if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+            throw AssemblyError("There was a problem converting a string to the target machine's char encoding: ${x.message}")
+        }
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        try {
+            if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
+        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+            throw AssemblyError("There was a problem decoding to a string: ${x.message}")
+        }
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> -9999999
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal fun asmGeneratorFor(
+    compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+    program: Program,
+    errors: IErrorReporter,
+    zp: Zeropage,
+    options: CompilationOptions,
+    outputDir: Path
+): IAssemblyGenerator
+{
+    // at the moment we only have one code generation backend (for 6502 and 65c02)
+    return AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, compTarget, outputDir)
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
 
 
-internal interface IMachineFloat {
+interface IMachineFloat {
     fun toDouble(): Double
     fun makeFloatFillAsm(): String
 }
 
-internal enum class CpuType {
+enum class CpuType {
     CPU6502,
     CPU65c02
 }
 
-internal interface IMachineDefinition {
+interface IMachineDefinition {
     val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
     val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
     val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
@@ -32,7 +30,8 @@ internal interface IMachineDefinition {
 
     fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
     fun getFloat(num: Number): IMachineFloat
-    fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, importer: ModuleImporter, program: Program)
+
+    fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String>
     fun launchEmulator(programName: String)
     fun isRegularRAMaddress(address: Int): Boolean
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.c64
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.compiler.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
 import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineFloat
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
 import java.io.IOException
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
@@ -30,9 +28,11 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun getFloat(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
 
-    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, importer: ModuleImporter, program: Program) {
-        if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
-            importer.importLibraryModule(program, "syslib")
+    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions,compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
+        return if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
+            listOf("syslib")
+        else
+            emptyList()
     }
 
     override fun launchEmulator(programName: String) {
@@ -102,13 +102,14 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
                             0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c,
                             0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f, 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a,
                             0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, 0xff
-                            // 0x90-0xfa is 'kernel work storage area'
+                            // 0x90-0xfa is 'kernal work storage area'
                     ))
                 }
 
                 if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
                     // remove the zero page locations used for floating point operations from the free list
                     free.removeAll(listOf(
+                            0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
                             0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a,
                             0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60,
                             0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cbm/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64
+package prog8.compiler.target.cbm
 
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.compiler.OutputType
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.generatedLabelPrefix
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.system.exitProcess
 
-class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path) : IAssemblyProgram {
+class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path, private val compTarget: String) : IAssemblyProgram {
     private val assemblyFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.asm")
     private val prgFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.prg")
     private val binFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.bin")
@@ -23,12 +22,12 @@ class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path) : IAssemblyPro
         val outFile = when (options.output) {
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 command.add("--cbm-prg")
-                println("\nCreating prg for target ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}.")
+                println("\nCreating prg for target $compTarget.")
                 prgFile
             }
             OutputType.RAW -> {
                 command.add("--nostart")
-                println("\nCreating raw binary for target ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}.")
+                println("\nCreating raw binary for target $compTarget.")
                 binFile
             }
         }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cbm/Petscii.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64
+package prog8.compiler.target.cbm
 
 import java.io.CharConversionException
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ object Petscii {
             '\u258c',    //  ▌    0xA1 -> LEFT HALF BLOCK
             '\u2584',    //  ▄    0xA2 -> LOWER HALF BLOCK
             '\u2594',    //  ▔    0xA3 -> UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
-            '\u2581',    //  ▁    0xA4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+            '_',         //  ▁    0xA4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u258f',    //  ▏    0xA5 -> LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u2592',    //  ▒    0xA6 -> MEDIUM SHADE
             '\u2595',    //  ▕    0xA7 -> RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ object Petscii {
             '\u258c',    //  ▌    0xE1 -> LEFT HALF BLOCK
             '\u2584',    //  ▄    0xE2 -> LOWER HALF BLOCK
             '\u2594',    //  ▔    0xE3 -> UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
-            '\u2581',    //  ▁    0xE4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+            '_',         //  ▁    0xE4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u258f',    //  ▏    0xE5 -> LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u2592',    //  ▒    0xE6 -> MEDIUM SHADE
             '\u2595',    //  ▕    0xE7 -> RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ object Petscii {
             '\u258c',    //  ▌    0xA1 -> LEFT HALF BLOCK
             '\u2584',    //  ▄    0xA2 -> LOWER HALF BLOCK
             '\u2594',    //  ▔    0xA3 -> UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
-            '\u2581',    //  ▁    0xA4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+            '_',         //  ▁    0xA4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u258f',    //  ▏    0xA5 -> LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u2592',    //  ▒    0xA6 -> MEDIUM SHADE
             '\u2595',    //  ▕    0xA7 -> RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ object Petscii {
             '\u258c',    //  ▌    0xE1 -> LEFT HALF BLOCK
             '\u2584',    //  ▄    0xE2 -> LOWER HALF BLOCK
             '\u2594',    //  ▔    0xE3 -> UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
-            '\u2581',    //  ▁    0xE4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+            '_',         //  ▁    0xE4 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u258f',    //  ▏    0xE5 -> LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u2592',    //  ▒    0xE6 -> MEDIUM SHADE
             '\u2595',    //  ▕    0xE7 -> RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ object Petscii {
             '\u258c',    //  ▌    0x61 -> LEFT HALF BLOCK
             '\u2584',    //  ▄    0x62 -> LOWER HALF BLOCK
             '\u2594',    //  ▔    0x63 -> UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
-            '\u2581',    //  ▁    0x64 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+            '_',         //  ▁    0x64 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u258f',    //  ▏    0x65 -> LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u2592',    //  ▒    0x66 -> MEDIUM SHADE
             '\u2595',    //  ▕    0x67 -> RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ object Petscii {
             '\u258c',    //  ▌    0x61 -> LEFT HALF BLOCK
             '\u2584',    //  ▄    0x62 -> LOWER HALF BLOCK
             '\u2594',    //  ▔    0x63 -> UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
-            '\u2581',    //  ▁    0x64 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+            '_',         //  ▁    0x64 -> LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u258f',    //  ▏    0x65 -> LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
             '\u2592',    //  ▒    0x66 -> MEDIUM SHADE
             '\u2595',    //  ▕    0x67 -> RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
@@ -1051,49 +1051,75 @@ object Petscii {
 
 
     fun encodePetscii(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): List<Short> {
-        val lookup = if(lowercase) encodingPetsciiLowercase else encodingPetsciiUppercase
-        return text.map {
-            val petscii = lookup[it]
-            petscii?.toShort() ?: when (it) {
+        fun encodeChar(chr: Char, lowercase: Boolean): Short {
+            val screencode = if(lowercase) encodingPetsciiLowercase[chr] else encodingPetsciiUppercase[chr]
+            return screencode?.toShort() ?: when (chr) {
                 '\u0000' -> 0.toShort()
                 in '\u8000'..'\u80ff' -> {
                     // special case: take the lower 8 bit hex value directly
-                    (it.toInt() - 0x8000).toShort()
+                    (chr.toInt() - 0x8000).toShort()
                 }
                 else -> {
                     val case = if (lowercase) "lower" else "upper"
-                    throw CharConversionException("no ${case}case Petscii character for '$it' (${it.toShort()})")
+                    throw CharConversionException("no ${case}Petscii character for '$chr' (${chr.toShort()})")
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        return text.map{
+            try {
+                encodeChar(it, lowercase)
+            } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+                encodeChar(it, !lowercase)
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     fun decodePetscii(petscii: Iterable<Short>, lowercase: Boolean = false): String {
-        val decodeTable = if(lowercase) decodingPetsciiLowercase else decodingPetsciiUppercase
-        return petscii.map { decodeTable[it.toInt()] }.joinToString("")
+        return petscii.map {
+            val code = it.toInt()
+            try {
+                if(lowercase) decodingPetsciiLowercase[code] else decodingPetsciiUppercase[code]
+            } catch(x: CharConversionException) {
+                if(lowercase) decodingPetsciiUppercase[code] else decodingPetsciiLowercase[code]
+            }
+        }.joinToString("")
     }
 
     fun encodeScreencode(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): List<Short> {
-        val lookup = if(lowercase) encodingScreencodeLowercase else encodingScreencodeUppercase
-        return text.map{
-            val screencode = lookup[it]
-            screencode?.toShort() ?: when (it) {
+        fun encodeChar(chr: Char, lowercase: Boolean): Short {
+            val screencode = if(lowercase) encodingScreencodeLowercase[chr] else encodingScreencodeUppercase[chr]
+            return screencode?.toShort() ?: when (chr) {
                 '\u0000' -> 0.toShort()
                 in '\u8000'..'\u80ff' -> {
                     // special case: take the lower 8 bit hex value directly
-                    (it.toInt() - 0x8000).toShort()
+                    (chr.toInt() - 0x8000).toShort()
                 }
                 else -> {
                     val case = if (lowercase) "lower" else "upper"
-                    throw CharConversionException("no ${case}Screencode character for '$it' (${it.toShort()})")
+                    throw CharConversionException("no ${case}Screencode character for '$chr' (${chr.toShort()})")
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        return text.map{
+            try {
+                encodeChar(it, lowercase)
+            } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+                encodeChar(it, !lowercase)
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     fun decodeScreencode(screencode: Iterable<Short>, lowercase: Boolean = false): String {
-        val decodeTable = if(lowercase) decodingScreencodeLowercase else decodingScreencodeUppercase
-        return screencode.map { decodeTable[it.toInt()] }.joinToString("")
+        return screencode.map {
+            val code = it.toInt()
+            try {
+                if (lowercase) decodingScreencodeLowercase[code] else decodingScreencodeUppercase[code]
+            } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+                if (lowercase) decodingScreencodeUppercase[code] else decodingScreencodeLowercase[code]
+            }
+        }.joinToString("")
     }
 
     fun petscii2scr(petscii_code: Short, inverseVideo: Boolean): Short {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/AsmGen.kt

@@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.*
 import prog8.ast.antlr.escape
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.compiler.*
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.FSignature
 import prog8.compiler.target.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyGenerator
-import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyProgram
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.AssemblyProgram
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignment
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.AssignmentAsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.generatedLabelPrefix
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.functions.FSignature
-import java.io.CharConversionException
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.AssemblyProgram
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignment
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AssignmentAsmGen
+import prog8.optimizer.CallGraph
 import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.nio.file.Paths
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
@@ -30,25 +22,27 @@ import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
 
 internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
-                      val errors: ErrorReporter,
+                      val errors: IErrorReporter,
                       val zeropage: Zeropage,
                       val options: CompilationOptions,
+                      private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
                       private val outputDir: Path): IAssemblyGenerator {
 
     // for expressions and augmented assignments:
     val optimizedByteMultiplications = setOf(3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,25,40,50,80,100)
     val optimizedWordMultiplications = setOf(3,5,6,7,9,10,12,15,20,25,40,50,80,100,320)
+    private val callGraph = CallGraph(program)
 
     private val assemblyLines = mutableListOf<String>()
     private val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()     // all float values in the entire program (value -> varname)
     private val allocatedZeropageVariables = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>()
     private val breakpointLabels = mutableListOf<String>()
-    private val builtinFunctionsAsmGen = BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(program, this)
     private val forloopsAsmGen = ForLoopsAsmGen(program, this)
     private val postincrdecrAsmGen = PostIncrDecrAsmGen(program, this)
     private val functioncallAsmGen = FunctionCallAsmGen(program, this)
     private val expressionsAsmGen = ExpressionsAsmGen(program, this)
     private val assignmentAsmGen = AssignmentAsmGen(program, this, expressionsAsmGen)
+    private val builtinFunctionsAsmGen = BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(program, this, assignmentAsmGen)
     internal val loopEndLabels = ArrayDeque<String>()
     private val blockLevelVarInits = mutableMapOf<Block, MutableSet<VarDecl>>()
     internal val slabs = mutableMapOf<String, Int>()
@@ -92,15 +86,17 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        return AssemblyProgram(program.name, outputDir)
+        return AssemblyProgram(program.name, outputDir, compTarget.name)
     }
 
+    internal fun isTargetCpu(cpu: CpuType) = compTarget.machine.cpu == cpu
+    internal fun haveFPWR() = compTarget is Cx16Target
 
     private fun header() {
         val ourName = this.javaClass.name
-        val cpu = when(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu) {
+        val cpu = when(compTarget.machine.cpu) {
             CpuType.CPU6502 -> "6502"
-            CpuType.CPU65c02 -> "65c02"
+            CpuType.CPU65c02 -> "w65c02"
             else -> "unsupported"
         }
 
@@ -113,16 +109,16 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         program.actualLoadAddress = program.definedLoadAddress
         if (program.actualLoadAddress == 0)   // fix load address
             program.actualLoadAddress = if (options.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC)
-                CompilationTarget.instance.machine.BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS else CompilationTarget.instance.machine.RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS
+                compTarget.machine.BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS else compTarget.machine.RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS
 
         // the global prog8 variables needed
-        val zp = CompilationTarget.instance.machine.zeropage
+        val zp = compTarget.machine.zeropage
         out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 = ${zp.SCRATCH_B1}")
         out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG = ${zp.SCRATCH_REG}")
         out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 = ${zp.SCRATCH_W1}    ; word")
         out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 = ${zp.SCRATCH_W2}    ; word")
-        out("P8ESTACK_LO = ${CompilationTarget.instance.machine.ESTACK_LO.toHex()}")
-        out("P8ESTACK_HI = ${CompilationTarget.instance.machine.ESTACK_HI.toHex()}")
+        out("P8ESTACK_LO = ${compTarget.machine.ESTACK_LO.toHex()}")
+        out("P8ESTACK_HI = ${compTarget.machine.ESTACK_HI.toHex()}")
 
         when {
             options.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC -> {
@@ -136,13 +132,15 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 out("+\t.word  0")
                 out("_prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here\n")
                 if(!options.noSysInit)
-                    out("  jsr  ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}.init_system")
+                    out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
+                out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
             }
             options.output == OutputType.PRG -> {
                 out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
                 out("* = ${program.actualLoadAddress.toHex()}\n")
                 if(!options.noSysInit)
-                    out("  jsr  ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}.init_system")
+                    out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
+                out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
             }
             options.output == OutputType.RAW -> {
                 out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
@@ -159,7 +157,16 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 pha""")
         }
 
-        out("  jmp  main.start  ; start program / force start proc to be included")
+        // make sure that on the cx16 and c64, basic rom is banked in again when we exit the program
+        when(compTarget.name) {
+            Cx16Target.name -> {
+                if(options.floats)
+                    out("  lda  #4 |  sta  $01")    // to use floats, make sure Basic rom is banked in
+                out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #4 |  sta  $01 |  rts")
+            }
+            C64Target.name -> out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #31 |  sta  $01 |  rts")
+            else -> jmp("main.start")
+        }
     }
 
     private fun slaballocations() {
@@ -174,7 +181,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
         out("; global float constants")
         for (flt in globalFloatConsts) {
-            val floatFill = CompilationTarget.instance.machine.getFloat(flt.key).makeFloatFillAsm()
+            val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloat(flt.key).makeFloatFillAsm()
             val floatvalue = flt.key
             out("${flt.value}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $floatvalue")
         }
@@ -183,13 +190,17 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
 
     private fun block2asm(block: Block) {
         out("\n\n; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
-        out("${block.name}\t" + (if("force_output" in block.options()) ".block\n" else ".proc\n"))
-
-        if(block.address!=null) {
-            out(".cerror * > ${block.address.toHex()}, 'block address overlaps by ', *-${block.address.toHex()},' bytes'")
-            out("* = ${block.address.toHex()}")
+        if(block.address!=null)
+            out("* = ${block.address!!.toHex()}")
+        else {
+            if("align_word" in block.options())
+                out("\t.align 2")
+            else if("align_page" in block.options())
+                out("\t.align $100")
         }
 
+        out("${block.name}\t" + (if("force_output" in block.options()) ".block\n" else ".proc\n"))
+
         outputSourceLine(block)
         zeropagevars2asm(block.statements)
         memdefs2asm(block.statements)
@@ -244,15 +255,6 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         } else assemblyLines.add(fragment)
     }
 
-    private fun encode(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short> {
-        try {
-            val bytes = if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-            return bytes.plus(0)
-        } catch(x: CharConversionException) {
-            throw AssemblyError("There was a problem converting a string to the target machine's char encoding: ${x.message}")
-        }
-    }
-
     private fun zeropagevars2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
         out("; vars allocated on zeropage")
         val variables = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type==VarDeclType.VAR }
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     try {
                         val errors = ErrorReporter()
                         val address = zeropage.allocate(fullName, variable.datatype, null, errors)
-                        errors.handle()
+                        errors.report()
                         out("${variable.name} = $address\t; auto zp ${variable.datatype}")
                         // make sure we add the var to the set of zpvars for this block
                         allocatedZeropageVariables[fullName] = address to variable.datatype
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
             DataType.STRUCT -> {}       // is flattened
             DataType.STR -> {
                 val str = decl.value as StringLiteralValue
-                outputStringvar(decl, encode(str.value, str.altEncoding))
+                outputStringvar(decl, compTarget.encodeString(str.value, str.altEncoding).plus(0))
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                 val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(decl)
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         }
                 val floatFills = array.map {
                     val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number
-                    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.getFloat(number).makeFloatFillAsm()
+                    compTarget.machine.getFloat(number).makeFloatFillAsm()
                 }
                 out(name)
                 for (f in array.zip(floatFills))
@@ -354,7 +356,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun memdefs2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
-        out("\n; memdefs and kernel subroutines")
+        out("\n; memdefs and kernal subroutines")
         val memvars = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type==VarDeclType.MEMORY || it.type==VarDeclType.CONST }
         for(m in memvars) {
             if(m.value is NumericLiteralValue)
@@ -364,10 +366,11 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
         val asmSubs = statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().filter { it.isAsmSubroutine }
         for(sub in asmSubs) {
-            if(sub.asmAddress!=null) {
+            val addr = sub.asmAddress
+            if(addr!=null) {
                 if(sub.statements.isNotEmpty())
-                    throw AssemblyError("kernel subroutine cannot have statements")
-                out("  ${sub.name} = ${sub.asmAddress.toHex()}")
+                    throw AssemblyError("kernal subroutine cannot have statements")
+                out("  ${sub.name} = ${addr.toHex()}")
             }
         }
     }
@@ -387,7 +390,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 .filter {it.datatype == DataType.STR }
                 .map {
                     val str = it.value as StringLiteralValue
-                    it to encode(str.value, str.altEncoding)
+                    it to compTarget.encodeString(str.value, str.altEncoding).plus(0)
                 }
                 .groupBy({it.second}, {it.first})
         for((encoded, variables) in encodedstringVars) {
@@ -404,8 +407,9 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun outputStringvar(lastvar: VarDecl, encoded: List<Short>) {
-        val string = (lastvar.value as StringLiteralValue).value
-        out("${lastvar.name}\t; ${lastvar.datatype} \"${escape(string).replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"")
+        val sv = lastvar.value as StringLiteralValue
+        val altEncoding = if(sv.altEncoding) "@" else ""
+        out("${lastvar.name}\t; ${lastvar.datatype} $altEncoding\"${escape(sv.value).replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"")
         val outputBytes = encoded.map { "$" + it.toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
         for (chunk in outputBytes.chunked(16))
             out("  .byte  " + chunk.joinToString())
@@ -433,10 +437,10 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         "$" + it.number.toInt().toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                     }
                     is AddressOf -> {
-                        it.identifier.firstStructVarName(program.namespace) ?: asmSymbolName(it.identifier)
+                        it.identifier.firstStructVarName(program) ?: asmSymbolName(it.identifier)
                     }
                     is IdentifierReference -> {
-                        it.firstStructVarName(program.namespace) ?: asmSymbolName(it)
+                        it.firstStructVarName(program) ?: asmSymbolName(it)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird array elt dt")
                 }
@@ -498,17 +502,23 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     internal fun asmSymbolName(identifier: IdentifierReference): String {
-        return if(identifier.memberOfStruct(program.namespace)!=null) {
-            val name = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.name
+        return if(identifier.memberOfStruct(program)!=null) {
+            val name = identifier.targetVarDecl(program)!!.name
             fixNameSymbols(name)
         } else {
             fixNameSymbols(identifier.nameInSource.joinToString("."))
         }
     }
 
+    internal fun asmSymbolName(regs: RegisterOrPair): String =
+        if(regs in Cx16VirtualRegisters)
+            "cx16." + regs.toString().toLowerCase()
+        else
+            throw AssemblyError("no symbol name for register $regs")
+
     internal fun asmVariableName(identifier: IdentifierReference): String {
-        return if(identifier.memberOfStruct(program.namespace)!=null) {
-            val name = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.name
+        return if(identifier.memberOfStruct(program)!=null) {
+            val name = identifier.targetVarDecl(program)!!.name
             fixNameSymbols(name)
         } else {
             fixNameSymbols(identifier.nameInSource.joinToString("."))
@@ -524,9 +534,9 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     internal fun loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar: IdentifierReference): Pair<Boolean, String> {
         // returns if the pointer is already on the ZP itself or not (in the latter case SCRATCH_W1 is used as intermediary)
         val sourceName = asmVariableName(pointervar)
-        val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
         val scopedName = vardecl.makeScopedName(vardecl.name)
-        if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             return if (isZpVar(scopedName)) {
                 // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
                 out("  lda  ($sourceName)")
@@ -561,7 +571,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     private  fun fixNameSymbols(name: String) = name.replace("<", "prog8_").replace(">", "")     // take care of the autogenerated invalid (anon) label names
 
     internal fun saveRegisterLocal(register: CpuRegister, scope: Subroutine) {
-        if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             // just use the cpu's stack for all registers, shorter code
             when (register) {
                 CpuRegister.A -> out("  pha")
@@ -590,7 +600,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         when (register) {
             CpuRegister.A -> out("  pha")
             CpuRegister.X -> {
-                if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) out("  phx")
+                if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) out("  phx")
                 else {
                     if(keepA)
                         out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  txa |  pha  |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
@@ -599,7 +609,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             CpuRegister.Y -> {
-                if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) out("  phy")
+                if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) out("  phy")
                 else {
                     if(keepA)
                         out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  tya |  pha  |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
@@ -611,7 +621,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     internal fun restoreRegisterLocal(register: CpuRegister) {
-        if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             when (register) {
                 // this just used the stack, for all registers. Shorter code.
                 CpuRegister.A -> out("  pla")
@@ -636,7 +646,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 out("  pla")
             }
             CpuRegister.X -> {
-                if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) out("  plx")
+                if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) out("  plx")
                 else {
                     if(keepA)
                         out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  pla |  tax |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
@@ -645,7 +655,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             CpuRegister.Y -> {
-                if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) out("  ply")
+                if (isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) out("  ply")
                 else {
                     if(keepA)
                         out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  pla |  tay |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
@@ -685,7 +695,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
             is Break -> {
                 if(loopEndLabels.isEmpty())
                     throw AssemblyError("break statement out of context  ${stmt.position}")
-                out("  jmp  ${loopEndLabels.peek()}")
+                jmp(loopEndLabels.peek())
             }
             is WhileLoop -> translate(stmt)
             is RepeatLoop -> translate(stmt)
@@ -705,12 +715,15 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         val reg = register.toString().toLowerCase()
         val indexnum = expr.indexer.constIndex()
         if(indexnum!=null) {
-            val indexValue = indexnum * elementDt.memorySize() + if(addOneExtra) 1 else 0
+            val indexValue = indexnum * compTarget.memorySize(elementDt) + if(addOneExtra) 1 else 0
             out("  ld$reg  #$indexValue")
             return
         }
 
-        val indexName = asmVariableName(expr.indexer.indexVar!!)
+        val indexVar = expr.indexer.indexExpr as? IdentifierReference
+            ?: throw AssemblyError("array indexer should have been replaced with a temp var @ ${expr.indexer.position}")
+
+        val indexName = asmVariableName(indexVar)
         if(addOneExtra) {
             // add 1 to the result
             when(elementDt) {
@@ -731,7 +744,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    require(DataType.FLOAT.memorySize()==5)
+                    require(compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)==5)
                     out("""
                                 lda  $indexName
                                 asl  a
@@ -758,7 +771,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    require(DataType.FLOAT.memorySize()==5)
+                    require(compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)==5)
                     out("""
                                 lda  $indexName
                                 asl  a
@@ -782,8 +795,8 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     internal fun translateExpression(indexer: ArrayIndex) =
             expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(indexer)
 
-    internal fun translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(functionCall: FunctionCall, signature: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean) =
-            builtinFunctionsAsmGen.translateFunctioncallExpression(functionCall, signature, resultToStack)
+    internal fun translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(functionCall: FunctionCall, signature: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) =
+            builtinFunctionsAsmGen.translateFunctioncallExpression(functionCall, signature, resultToStack, resultRegister)
 
     internal fun translateFunctionCall(functionCall: FunctionCall) =
             functioncallAsmGen.translateFunctionCall(functionCall)
@@ -808,9 +821,18 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
 
 
     private fun translateSubroutine(sub: Subroutine) {
+        var onlyVariables = false
+
         if(sub.inline) {
-            if(options.optimize)
-                return      // inline subroutines don't exist anymore on their own
+            if(options.optimize) {
+                if(sub.isAsmSubroutine ||callGraph.unused(sub))
+                    return
+
+                // from an inlined subroutine only the local variables are generated,
+                // all other code statements are omitted in the subroutine itself
+                // (they've been inlined at the call site, remember?)
+                onlyVariables = true
+            }
             else if(sub.amountOfRtsInAsm()==0) {
                 // make sure the NOT INLINED subroutine actually does an rts at the end
                 sub.statements.add(Return(null, Position.DUMMY))
@@ -827,7 +849,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
 
             // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
             out("${sub.name}\t.proc")
-            sub.statements.forEach{ translate(it) }
+            sub.statements.forEach { translate(it) }
             out("  .pend\n")
         } else {
             // regular subroutine
@@ -851,8 +873,10 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     clc""")
             }
 
-            out("; statements")
-            sub.statements.forEach{ translate(it) }
+            if(!onlyVariables) {
+                out("; statements")
+                sub.statements.forEach { translate(it) }
+            }
 
             for(removal in removals.toList()) {
                 if(removal.second==sub) {
@@ -907,6 +931,10 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
         checkBooleanExpression(stmt.condition)  // we require the condition to be of the form  'x <comparison> <value>'
         val booleanCondition = stmt.condition as BinaryExpression
 
+        // DISABLED FOR NOW:
+//        if(!booleanCondition.left.isSimple || !booleanCondition.right.isSimple)
+//            throw AssemblyError("both operands for if comparison expression should have been simplified")
+
         if (stmt.elsepart.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
             // empty else
             val endLabel = makeLabel("if_end")
@@ -920,7 +948,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
             val endLabel = makeLabel("if_end")
             expressionsAsmGen.translateComparisonExpressionWithJumpIfFalse(booleanCondition, elseLabel)
             translate(stmt.truepart)
-            out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+            jmp(endLabel)
             out(elseLabel)
             translate(stmt.elsepart)
             out(endLabel)
@@ -942,7 +970,7 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 // endless loop
                 out(repeatLabel)
                 translate(stmt.body)
-                out("  jmp  $repeatLabel")
+                jmp(repeatLabel)
                 out(endLabel)
             }
             is NumericLiteralValue -> {
@@ -962,15 +990,15 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             is IdentifierReference -> {
-                val vardecl = (stmt.iterations as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program.namespace) as VarDecl
+                val vardecl = (stmt.iterations as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program) as VarDecl
                 val name = asmVariableName(stmt.iterations as IdentifierReference)
                 when(vardecl.datatype) {
                     DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
-                        out("  lda  $name")
+                        assignVariableToRegister(name, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         repeatByteCountInA(null, repeatLabel, endLabel, stmt.body)
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
-                        out("  lda  $name |  ldy  $name+1")
+                        assignVariableToRegister(name, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         repeatWordCountInAY(null, repeatLabel, endLabel, stmt.body)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid loop variable datatype $vardecl")
@@ -998,9 +1026,11 @@ internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun repeatWordCountInAY(constIterations: Int?, repeatLabel: String, endLabel: String, body: AnonymousScope) {
+        // note: A/Y must have been loaded with the number of iterations!
         if(constIterations==0)
             return
-        // note: A/Y must have been loaded with the number of iterations already!
+        // no need to explicitly test for 0 iterations as this is done in the count down logic below
+
         val counterVar = makeLabel("repeatcounter")
         out("""
                 sta  $counterVar
@@ -1009,48 +1039,48 @@ $repeatLabel    lda  $counterVar
                 bne  +
                 lda  $counterVar+1
                 beq  $endLabel
-+               lda  $counterVar
+                lda  $counterVar
                 bne  +
                 dec  $counterVar+1
 +               dec  $counterVar
 """)
         translate(body)
-        out("  jmp  $repeatLabel")
-        if(constIterations!=null && constIterations>=16 && zeropage.available() > 1) {
-            // allocate count var on ZP
-            val zpAddr = zeropage.allocate(counterVar, DataType.UWORD, body.position, errors)
-            out("""$counterVar = $zpAddr  ; auto zp UWORD""")
-        } else {
-            out("""
-$counterVar    .word  0""")
-        }
-        out(endLabel)
+        jmp(repeatLabel)
 
+        if(constIterations!=null && constIterations>=16 && zeropage.available() > 1) {
+            // allocate count var on ZP  TODO can be shared with countervars from other subroutines
+            val zpAddr = zeropage.allocate(counterVar, DataType.UWORD, body.position, errors)
+            out("$counterVar = $zpAddr  ; auto zp UWORD")
+        } else {
+            out("$counterVar    .word  0")
+        }
+
+        out(endLabel)
     }
 
     private fun repeatByteCountInA(constIterations: Int?, repeatLabel: String, endLabel: String, body: AnonymousScope) {
+        // note: A must have been loaded with the number of iterations!
         if(constIterations==0)
             return
-        // note: A must have been loaded with the number of iterations already!
-        val counterVar = makeLabel("repeatcounter")
         if(constIterations==null)
-            out("  beq  $endLabel")
-        out("""
-            sta  $counterVar
-$repeatLabel""")
+            out("  beq  $endLabel   ; skip loop if zero iters")
+        val counterVar = makeLabel("repeatcounter")
+        out("  sta  $counterVar")
+        out(repeatLabel)
         translate(body)
         out("""
              dec  $counterVar
              bne  $repeatLabel
              beq  $endLabel""")
+
         if(constIterations!=null && constIterations>=16 && zeropage.available() > 0) {
-            // allocate count var on ZP
+            // allocate count var on ZP  TODO can be shared with countervars from other subroutines
             val zpAddr = zeropage.allocate(counterVar, DataType.UBYTE, body.position, errors)
-            out("""$counterVar = $zpAddr  ; auto zp UBYTE""")
+            out("$counterVar = $zpAddr  ; auto zp UBYTE")
         } else {
-            out("""
-$counterVar    .byte  0""")
+            out("$counterVar    .byte  0")
         }
+
         out(endLabel)
     }
 
@@ -1063,7 +1093,7 @@ $counterVar    .byte  0""")
         out(whileLabel)
         expressionsAsmGen.translateComparisonExpressionWithJumpIfFalse(booleanCondition, endLabel)
         translate(stmt.body)
-        out("  jmp  $whileLabel")
+        jmp(whileLabel)
         out(endLabel)
         loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
@@ -1097,7 +1127,7 @@ $counterVar    .byte  0""")
             if(choice.values==null) {
                 // the else choice
                 translate(choice.statements)
-                out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+                jmp(endLabel)
             } else {
                 choiceBlocks.add(choiceLabel to choice.statements)
                 for (cv in choice.values!!) {
@@ -1116,11 +1146,11 @@ $counterVar    .byte  0""")
                 }
             }
         }
-        out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+        jmp(endLabel)
         for(choiceBlock in choiceBlocks) {
             out(choiceBlock.first)
             translate(choiceBlock.second)
-            out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+            jmp(endLabel)
         }
         out(endLabel)
     }
@@ -1179,7 +1209,7 @@ $counterVar    .byte  0""")
                 val endLabel = makeLabel("branch_end")
                 out("  $instruction  $elseLabel")
                 translate(stmt.truepart)
-                out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+                jmp(endLabel)
                 out(elseLabel)
                 translate(stmt.elsepart)
                 out(endLabel)
@@ -1222,7 +1252,9 @@ $counterVar    .byte  0""")
             "%asmbinary" -> {
                 val offset = if(stmt.args.size>1) ", ${stmt.args[1].int}" else ""
                 val length = if(stmt.args.size>2) ", ${stmt.args[2].int}" else ""
-                out("  .binary \"${stmt.args[0].str}\" $offset $length")
+                val includedSourcePath = stmt.definingModule().source.resolveSibling(stmt.args[0].str)
+                val relPath = Paths.get("").relativize(includedSourcePath)
+                out("  .binary \"./$relPath\" $offset $length")
             }
             "%breakpoint" -> {
                 val label = "_prog8_breakpoint_${breakpointLabels.size+1}"
@@ -1234,27 +1266,28 @@ $label              nop""")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translate(jmp: Jump) {
-        out("  jmp  ${getJumpTarget(jmp)}")
-    }
+    private fun translate(jump: Jump) = jmp(getJumpTarget(jump))
 
-    private fun getJumpTarget(jmp: Jump): String {
+    private fun getJumpTarget(jump: Jump): String {
+        val ident = jump.identifier
+        val label = jump.generatedLabel
+        val addr = jump.address
         return when {
-            jmp.identifier!=null -> {
-                val target = jmp.identifier.targetStatement(program.namespace)
-                val asmName = asmSymbolName(jmp.identifier)
+            ident!=null -> {
+                val target = ident.targetStatement(program)
+                val asmName = asmSymbolName(ident)
                 if(target is Label)
                     "_$asmName"  // prefix with underscore to jump to local label
                 else
                     asmName
             }
-            jmp.generatedLabel!=null -> jmp.generatedLabel
-            jmp.address!=null -> jmp.address.toHex()
+            label!=null -> label
+            addr!=null -> addr.toHex()
             else -> "????"
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translate(ret: Return) {
+    internal fun translate(ret: Return, withRts: Boolean=true) {
         ret.value?.let { returnvalue ->
             val sub = ret.definingSubroutine()!!
             val returnType = sub.returntypes.single()
@@ -1264,16 +1297,18 @@ $label              nop""")
 
             when (returnType) {
                 in NumericDatatypes -> {
-                    assignExpressionToRegister(returnvalue, returnReg.registerOrPair)
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(returnvalue, returnReg.registerOrPair!!)
                 }
                 else -> {
                     // all else take its address and assign that also to AY register pair
                     val addrofValue = AddressOf(returnvalue as IdentifierReference, returnvalue.position)
-                    assignmentAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(addrofValue, returnReg.registerOrPair)
+                    assignmentAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(addrofValue, returnReg.registerOrPair!!)
                 }
             }
         }
-        out("  rts")
+
+        if(withRts)
+            out("  rts")
     }
 
     private fun translate(asm: InlineAssembly) {
@@ -1294,7 +1329,7 @@ $label              nop""")
         // sign extend signed byte on stack to signed word on stack
         when(valueDt) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                if(isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                     out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                 else
                     out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
@@ -1308,7 +1343,7 @@ $label              nop""")
         // sign extend signed byte in a var to a full word in that variable
         when(valueDt) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                if(isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                     out("  stz  $asmvar+1")
                 else
                     out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $asmvar+1")
@@ -1328,10 +1363,17 @@ $label              nop""")
     internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: String): Boolean = scopedName in allocatedZeropageVariables
 
     internal fun isZpVar(variable: IdentifierReference): Boolean {
-        val vardecl = variable.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        val vardecl = variable.targetVarDecl(program)!!
         return vardecl.makeScopedName(vardecl.name) in allocatedZeropageVariables
     }
 
+    internal fun jmp(asmLabel: String) {
+        if(isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+            out("  bra  $asmLabel")     // note: 64tass will convert this automatically to a jmp if the relative distance is too large
+        else
+            out("  jmp  $asmLabel")
+    }
+
     internal fun pointerViaIndexRegisterPossible(pointerOffsetExpr: Expression): Pair<Expression, Expression>? {
         if(pointerOffsetExpr is BinaryExpression && pointerOffsetExpr.operator=="+") {
             val leftDt = pointerOffsetExpr.left.inferType(program)
@@ -1361,39 +1403,44 @@ $label              nop""")
 
     internal fun tryOptimizedPointerAccessWithA(expr: BinaryExpression, write: Boolean): Boolean {
         // optimize pointer,indexregister if possible
+
+        fun evalBytevalueWillClobberA(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+            val dt = expr.inferType(program)
+            if(!dt.istype(DataType.UBYTE) && !dt.istype(DataType.BYTE))
+                return true
+            return when(expr) {
+                is IdentifierReference -> false
+                is NumericLiteralValue -> false
+                is DirectMemoryRead -> expr.addressExpression !is IdentifierReference && expr.addressExpression !is NumericLiteralValue
+                is TypecastExpression -> evalBytevalueWillClobberA(expr.expression)
+                else -> true
+            }
+        }
+
+
         if(expr.operator=="+") {
             val ptrAndIndex = pointerViaIndexRegisterPossible(expr)
             if(ptrAndIndex!=null) {
                 val pointervar = ptrAndIndex.first as? IdentifierReference
                 if(write) {
-                    when(ptrAndIndex.second) {
-                        is NumericLiteralValue, is IdentifierReference -> {
-                            if(pointervar!=null && isZpVar(pointervar)) {
-                                assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.Y)
-                                out("  sta  (${asmSymbolName(pointervar)}),y")
-                            } else {
-                                // copy the pointer var to zp first
-                                assignExpressionToVariable(ptrAndIndex.first, asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
-                                assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.Y)
-                                out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else -> {
-                            // same as above but we need to save the A register
-                            if(pointervar!=null && isZpVar(pointervar)) {
-                                out("  pha")
-                                assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.Y)
-                                out("  pla")
-                                out("  sta  (${asmSymbolName(pointervar)}),y")
-                            } else {
-                                // copy the pointer var to zp first
-                                assignExpressionToVariable(ptrAndIndex.first, asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
-                                out("  pha")
-                                assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.Y)
-                                out("  pla")
-                                out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
-                            }
-                        }
+                    if(pointervar!=null && isZpVar(pointervar)) {
+                        val saveA = evalBytevalueWillClobberA(ptrAndIndex.second)
+                        if(saveA)
+                            out("  pha")
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.Y)
+                        if(saveA)
+                            out("  pla")
+                        out("  sta  (${asmSymbolName(pointervar)}),y")
+                    } else {
+                        // copy the pointer var to zp first
+                        val saveA = evalBytevalueWillClobberA(ptrAndIndex.first) || evalBytevalueWillClobberA(ptrAndIndex.second)
+                        if(saveA)
+                            out("  pha")
+                        assignExpressionToVariable(ptrAndIndex.first, asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
+                        assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.Y)
+                        if(saveA)
+                            out("  pla")
+                        out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
                     }
                 } else {
                     if(pointervar!=null && isZpVar(pointervar)) {
@@ -1411,5 +1458,4 @@ $label              nop""")
         }
         return false
     }
-
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.ArrayIndex
+import prog8.ast.statements.DirectMemoryWrite
+import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignSource
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignment
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.SourceStorageKind
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.TargetStorageKind
+import prog8.compiler.functions.FSignature
+import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
-import prog8.functions.FSignature
 
-internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val assignAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen) {
 
-    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: FunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean) {
-        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, discardResult = false, resultToStack = resultToStack)
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: FunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, discardResult = false, resultToStack = resultToStack, resultRegister = resultRegister)
     }
 
     internal fun translateFunctioncallStatement(fcall: FunctionCallStatement, func: FSignature) {
-        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, discardResult = true, resultToStack = false)
+        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, discardResult = true, resultToStack = false, resultRegister = null)
     }
 
-    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         if (discardResult && func.pure)
             return  // can just ignore the whole function call altogether
 
@@ -34,41 +34,115 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             throw AssemblyError("cannot both discard the result AND put it onto stack")
 
         val sscope = (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine()
+
         when (func.name) {
-            "msb" -> funcMsb(fcall, resultToStack)
-            "lsb" -> funcLsb(fcall, resultToStack)
-            "mkword" -> funcMkword(fcall, resultToStack)
-            "abs" -> funcAbs(fcall, func, resultToStack, sscope)
+            "msb" -> funcMsb(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
+            "lsb" -> funcLsb(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
+            "mkword" -> funcMkword(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
+            "abs" -> funcAbs(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "swap" -> funcSwap(fcall)
-            "min", "max" -> funcMinMax(fcall, func, resultToStack)
-            "sum" -> funcSum(fcall, resultToStack)
-            "any", "all" -> funcAnyAll(fcall, func, resultToStack)
+            "min", "max" -> funcMinMax(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "sum" -> funcSum(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "any", "all" -> funcAnyAll(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "sin8", "sin8u", "sin16", "sin16u",
-            "cos8", "cos8u", "cos16", "cos16u" -> funcSinCosInt(fcall, func, resultToStack, sscope)
-            "sgn" -> funcSgn(fcall, func, resultToStack, sscope)
+            "cos8", "cos8u", "cos16", "cos16u" -> funcSinCosInt(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "sgn" -> funcSgn(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "sin", "cos", "tan", "atan",
             "ln", "log2", "sqrt", "rad",
             "deg", "round", "floor", "ceil",
-            "rndf" -> funcVariousFloatFuncs(fcall, func, resultToStack, sscope)
-            "rnd", "rndw" -> funcRnd(func, resultToStack)
-            "sqrt16" -> funcSqrt16(fcall, func, resultToStack, sscope)
+            "rndf" -> funcVariousFloatFuncs(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "fastrnd8", "rnd", "rndw" -> funcRnd(func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "sqrt16" -> funcSqrt16(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "rol" -> funcRol(fcall)
             "rol2" -> funcRol2(fcall)
             "ror" -> funcRor(fcall)
             "ror2" -> funcRor2(fcall)
             "sort" -> funcSort(fcall)
             "reverse" -> funcReverse(fcall)
-            "memory" -> funcMemory(fcall, discardResult, resultToStack)
-            else -> TODO("missing asmgen for builtin func ${func.name}")
+            "memory" -> funcMemory(fcall, discardResult, resultToStack, resultRegister)
+            "peekw" -> funcPeekW(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
+            "peek" -> throw AssemblyError("peek() should have been replaced by @()")
+            "pokew" -> funcPokeW(fcall)
+            "poke" -> throw AssemblyError("poke() should have been replaced by @()")
+            "cmp" -> funcCmp(fcall)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("missing asmgen for builtin func ${func.name}")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcMemory(fcall: IFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcCmp(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+        val arg1 = fcall.args[0]
+        val arg2 = fcall.args[1]
+        val dt1 = arg1.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val dt2 = arg2.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        if(dt1 in ByteDatatypes) {
+            if(dt2 in ByteDatatypes) {
+                when (arg2) {
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        asmgen.out("  cmp  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(arg2)}")
+                    }
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        asmgen.out("  cmp  #${arg2.number}")
+                    }
+                    is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                        if(arg2.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                            asmgen.out("  cmp  ${arg2.addressExpression.constValue(program)!!.number.toHex()}")
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine())
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                            asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine())
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                    }
+                }
+            } else
+                throw AssemblyError("args for cmp() should have same dt")
+        } else {
+            // dt1 is a word
+            if(dt2 in WordDatatypes) {
+                when (arg2) {
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            cpy  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(arg2)}+1
+                            bne  +
+                            cmp  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(arg2)}
++""")
+                    }
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            cpy  #>${arg2.number}
+                            bne  +
+                            cmp  #<${arg2.number}
++""")
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine())
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                            bne  +
+                            cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
++""")
+                    }
+                }
+            } else
+                throw AssemblyError("args for cmp() should have same dt")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMemory(fcall: IFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         if(discardResult || fcall !is FunctionCall)
             throw AssemblyError("should not discard result of memory allocation at $fcall")
-        val scope = fcall.definingScope()
         val nameRef = fcall.args[0] as IdentifierReference
-        val name = (nameRef.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.value as StringLiteralValue).value
+        val name = (nameRef.targetVarDecl(program)!!.value as StringLiteralValue).value
         val size = (fcall.args[1] as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
 
         val existingSize = asmgen.slabs[name]
@@ -82,39 +156,43 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             if(resultToStack)
                 AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, null)
             else
-                AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.AY, null, program, asmgen)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, fcall.position)
+                AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, null, program, asmgen)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, fcall.position)
         asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
-
-        // remove the variable for the name, it's not used as a variable only as a tag for the assembler.
-        val nameDecl = scope.statements.single { it is VarDecl && it.name==nameRef.nameInSource.single() }
-        asmgen.removals.add(Pair(nameDecl, scope))
         asmgen.slabs[name] = size
     }
 
-    private fun funcSqrt16(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?) {
+    private fun funcSqrt16(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
         if(resultToStack)
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_stack")
-        else
+        else {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_into_A")
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+        }
     }
 
-    private fun funcSinCosInt(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?) {
+    private fun funcSinCosInt(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
         if(resultToStack)
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_stack")
         else
             when(func.name) {
-                "sin8", "sin8u", "cos8", "cos8u" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_into_A")
-                "sin16", "sin16u", "cos16", "cos16u" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_into_AY")
+                "sin8", "sin8u", "cos8", "cos8u" -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_into_A")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                }
+                "sin16", "sin16u", "cos16", "cos16u" -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
             }
     }
 
     private fun funcReverse(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
         val variable = fcall.args.single()
         if (variable is IdentifierReference) {
-            val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+            val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program)!!
             val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
             val numElements = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
             when (decl.datatype) {
@@ -153,7 +231,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
     private fun funcSort(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
         val variable = fcall.args.single()
         if (variable is IdentifierReference) {
-            val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+            val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program)!!
             val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
             val numElements = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
             when (decl.datatype) {
@@ -386,19 +464,20 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
 
     private fun translateRolRorArrayArgs(arrayvar: IdentifierReference, indexer: ArrayIndex, operation: String, dt: Char) {
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(AddressOf(arrayvar, arrayvar.position), "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_target", DataType.UWORD, null)
-        val indexerExpr = if(indexer.indexVar!=null) indexer.indexVar!! else indexer.indexNum!!
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(indexerExpr, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_index", DataType.UBYTE, null)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(indexer.indexExpr, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_index", DataType.UBYTE, null)
     }
 
-    private fun funcVariousFloatFuncs(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?) {
+    private fun funcVariousFloatFuncs(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
         if(resultToStack)
             asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${func.name}_stack")
-        else
+        else {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${func.name}_fac1")
+            assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+        }
     }
 
-    private fun funcSgn(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?) {
+    private fun funcSgn(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
         val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
         if(resultToStack) {
@@ -419,10 +498,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sign_f_into_A")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcAnyAll(fcall: IFunctionCall, function: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcAnyAll(fcall: IFunctionCall, function: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         outputAddressAndLenghtOfArray(fcall.args[0])
         val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
         if(resultToStack) {
@@ -439,10 +519,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_into_A")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcMinMax(fcall: IFunctionCall, function: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcMinMax(fcall: IFunctionCall, function: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         outputAddressAndLenghtOfArray(fcall.args[0])
         val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
         if(resultToStack) {
@@ -456,17 +537,32 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             }
         } else {
             when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_ub_into_A")
-                DataType.ARRAY_B -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_b_into_A")
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_uw_into_AY")
-                DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_w_into_AY")
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_fac1")
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_ub_into_A")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_b_into_A")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_uw_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_w_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_fac1")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+                }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcSum(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcSum(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         outputAddressAndLenghtOfArray(fcall.args[0])
         val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
         if(resultToStack) {
@@ -480,11 +576,26 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             }
         } else {
             when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_ub_into_AY")
-                DataType.ARRAY_B -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_b_into_AY")
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_uw_into_AY")
-                DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_w_into_AY")
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sum_f_fac1")
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_ub_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_b_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_uw_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_w_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sum_f_fac1")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+                }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
         }
@@ -568,10 +679,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
             val elementDt = elementIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
 
-            val firstNum = first.indexer.indexNum
-            val firstVar = first.indexer.indexVar
-            val secondNum = second.indexer.indexNum
-            val secondVar = second.indexer.indexVar
+            val firstNum = first.indexer.indexExpr as? NumericLiteralValue
+            val firstVar = first.indexer.indexExpr as? IdentifierReference
+            val secondNum = second.indexer.indexExpr as? NumericLiteralValue
+            val secondVar = second.indexer.indexExpr as? IdentifierReference
 
             if(firstNum!=null && secondNum!=null) {
                 swapArrayValues(elementDt, arrayVarName1, firstNum, arrayVarName2, secondNum)
@@ -607,12 +718,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 val assignFirst = AsmAssignment(
                         AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, datatype, variableAsmName = "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"),
                         targetFromExpr(first, datatype),
-                        false, first.position
+                        false, program.memsizer, first.position
                 )
                 val assignSecond = AsmAssignment(
                         AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, datatype, variableAsmName = "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1"),
                         targetFromExpr(second, datatype),
-                        false, second.position
+                        false, program.memsizer, second.position
                 )
                 asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignFirst)
                 asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignSecond)
@@ -624,12 +735,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 val assignFirst = AsmAssignment(
                         AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT),
                         targetFromExpr(first, datatype),
-                        false, first.position
+                        false, program.memsizer, first.position
                 )
                 val assignSecond = AsmAssignment(
                         AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT),
                         targetFromExpr(second, datatype),
-                        false, second.position
+                        false, program.memsizer, second.position
                 )
                 asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignFirst)
                 asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignSecond)
@@ -639,8 +750,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
     }
 
     private fun swapArrayValues(elementDt: DataType, arrayVarName1: String, indexValue1: NumericLiteralValue, arrayVarName2: String, indexValue2: NumericLiteralValue) {
-        val index1 = indexValue1.number.toInt() * elementDt.memorySize()
-        val index2 = indexValue2.number.toInt() * elementDt.memorySize()
+        val index1 = indexValue1.number.toInt() * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
+        val index2 = indexValue2.number.toInt() * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
         when(elementDt) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -753,7 +864,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
     }
 
     private fun swapArrayValues(elementDt: DataType, arrayVarName1: String, indexValue1: NumericLiteralValue, arrayVarName2: String, indexName2: IdentifierReference) {
-        val index1 = indexValue1.number.toInt() * elementDt.memorySize()
+        val index1 = indexValue1.number.toInt() * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
         val idxAsmName2 = asmgen.asmVariableName(indexName2)
         when(elementDt) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
@@ -812,7 +923,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
 
     private fun swapArrayValues(elementDt: DataType, arrayVarName1: String, indexName1: IdentifierReference, arrayVarName2: String, indexValue2: NumericLiteralValue) {
         val idxAsmName1 = asmgen.asmVariableName(indexName1)
-        val index2 = indexValue2.number.toInt() * elementDt.memorySize()
+        val index2 = indexValue2.number.toInt() * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
         when(elementDt) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -868,7 +979,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcAbs(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?) {
+    private fun funcAbs(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
         val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
         if(resultToStack) {
@@ -880,40 +991,229 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             }
         } else {
             when (dt) {
-                in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_b_into_A")
-                in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_w_into_AY")
-                DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.abs_f_fac1")
+                in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_b_into_A")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                }
+                in WordDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_w_into_AY")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.abs_f_fac1")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+                }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcRnd(func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcRnd(func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
         when(func.name) {
+            "fastrnd8" -> {
+                if(resultToStack)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_fastrnd8_stack")
+                else {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  math.fast_randbyte")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                }
+            }
             "rnd" -> {
                 if(resultToStack)
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_rnd_stack")
-                else
+                else {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  math.randbyte")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                }
             }
             "rndw" -> {
                 if(resultToStack)
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_rndw_stack")
-                else
+                else {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  math.randword")
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("wrong func")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcMkword(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean) {
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
-        if(resultToStack)
-            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+    private fun funcPokeW(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+        when(val addrExpr = fcall.args[0]) {
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                val addr = addrExpr.number.toHex()
+                asmgen.out("  sta  $addr |  sty  ${addr}+1")
+                return
+            }
+            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr)
+                if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr)) {
+                    // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine()!!)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AX)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            sta  ($varname)
+                            txa
+                            ldy  #1
+                            sta  ($varname),y""")
+                    } else {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            ldy  #0
+                            sta  ($varname),y
+                            txa
+                            iny
+                            sta  ($varname),y""")
+                    }
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+            is BinaryExpression -> {
+                if(addrExpr.operator=="+" && addrExpr.left is IdentifierReference && addrExpr.right is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine()!!)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AX)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr.left as IdentifierReference)
+                    val index = (addrExpr.right as NumericLiteralValue).number.toHex()
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  #$index
+                        sta  ($varname),y
+                        txa
+                        iny
+                        sta  ($varname),y""")
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, null)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY)
+        asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_pokew")
     }
 
-    private fun funcMsb(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcPeekW(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+        when(val addrExpr = fcall.args[0]) {
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                val addr = addrExpr.number.toHex()
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $addr |  ldy  ${addr}+1")
+            }
+            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr)
+                if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr)) {
+                    // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            ldy  #1
+                            lda  ($varname),y
+                            tay
+                            lda  ($varname)""")
+                    } else {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            ldy  #0
+                            lda  ($varname),y
+                            pha
+                            iny
+                            lda  ($varname),y
+                            tay
+                            pla""")
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_peekw")
+                }
+            }
+            is BinaryExpression -> {
+                if(addrExpr.operator=="+" && addrExpr.left is IdentifierReference && addrExpr.right is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr.left as IdentifierReference)
+                    val index = (addrExpr.right as NumericLiteralValue).number.toHex()
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  #$index
+                        lda  ($varname),y
+                        pha
+                        iny
+                        lda  ($varname),y
+                        tay
+                        pla""")
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_peekw")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_peekw")
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(resultToStack){
+            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+        } else {
+            when(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY) {
+                RegisterOrPair.AY -> {}
+                RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
+                RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  tax")
+                in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> asmgen.out("  sta  cx16.${resultRegister.toString().toLowerCase()} |  sty  cx16.${resultRegister.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMkword(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+        if(resultToStack) {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+        } else {
+            val reg = resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY
+            var needAsave = !(fcall.args[0] is DirectMemoryRead || fcall.args[0] is NumericLiteralValue || fcall.args[0] is IdentifierReference)
+            if(!needAsave) {
+                val mr0 = fcall.args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead
+                val mr1 = fcall.args[1] as? DirectMemoryRead
+                if (mr0 != null)
+                    needAsave = mr0.addressExpression !is NumericLiteralValue && mr0.addressExpression !is IdentifierReference
+                if (mr1 != null)
+                    needAsave = needAsave or (mr1.addressExpression !is NumericLiteralValue && mr1.addressExpression !is IdentifierReference)
+            }
+            when(reg) {
+                RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    if(needAsave)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.X)      // msb
+                    if(needAsave)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                }
+                RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    if(needAsave)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+                    if(needAsave)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                }
+                RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    if(needAsave)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+                    if(needAsave)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                    asmgen.out("  tax")
+                }
+                in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  cx16.${reg.toString().toLowerCase()}")
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)      // msb
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  cx16.${reg.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid mkword target reg")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMsb(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val arg = fcall.args.single()
         if (arg.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in WordDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("msb required word argument")
@@ -921,19 +1221,43 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             throw AssemblyError("msb(const) should have been const-folded away")
         if (arg is IdentifierReference) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
-            asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1")
-            if (resultToStack)
-                asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+            if(resultToStack) {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+            } else {
+                when(resultRegister) {
+                    null, RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1")
+                    RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $sourceName+1")
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  ldy  $sourceName+1")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+                }
+            }
         } else {
-            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
-            if (resultToStack)
+            if(resultToStack) {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 asmgen.out("  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
-            else
-                asmgen.out("  tya")
+            } else {
+                when(resultRegister) {
+                    null, RegisterOrPair.A -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        asmgen.out("  tya")
+                    }
+                    RegisterOrPair.X -> {
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AX)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                    }
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> {
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcLsb(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean) {
+    private fun funcLsb(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val arg = fcall.args.single()
         if (arg.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in WordDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("lsb required word argument")
@@ -942,16 +1266,45 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
 
         if (arg is IdentifierReference) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
-            asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
-            if (resultToStack)
-                asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+            if(resultToStack) {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+            } else {
+                when(resultRegister) {
+                    null, RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
+                    RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $sourceName")
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  ldy  $sourceName")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+                }
+            }
         } else {
-            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
-            // NOTE: we rely on the fact that the above assignment to AY, assigns the Lsb to A as the last instruction.
-            //       this is required because the compiler assumes the status bits are set according to what A is (lsb)
-            //       and will not generate another cmp when lsb() is directly used inside a comparison expression.
-            if (resultToStack)
+            if(resultToStack) {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                // NOTE: we rely on the fact that the above assignment to AY, assigns the Lsb to A as the last instruction.
+                //       this is required because the compiler assumes the status bits are set according to what A is (lsb)
+                //       and will not generate another cmp when lsb() is directly used inside a comparison expression.
                 asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+            } else {
+                when(resultRegister) {
+                    null, RegisterOrPair.A -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        // NOTE: we rely on the fact that the above assignment to AY, assigns the Lsb to A as the last instruction.
+                        //       this is required because the compiler assumes the status bits are set according to what A is (lsb)
+                        //       and will not generate another cmp when lsb() is directly used inside a comparison expression.
+                    }
+                    RegisterOrPair.X -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.XY)
+                        // NOTE: we rely on the fact that the above assignment to XY, assigns the Lsb to X as the last instruction.
+                        //       this is required because the compiler assumes the status bits are set according to what X is (lsb)
+                        //       and will not generate another cmp when lsb() is directly used inside a comparison expression.
+                    }
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> {
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args.single(), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        asmgen.out("  tay |  pla |  cpy  #0")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -959,7 +1312,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
         // address in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1,  number of elements in A
         arg as IdentifierReference
         val identifierName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
-        val size = arg.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!
+        val size = arg.targetVarDecl(program)!!.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!
         asmgen.out("""
                     lda  #<$identifierName
                     ldy  #>$identifierName
@@ -1014,7 +1367,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                         }
                     }
                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, conv.dt, null, variableAsmName = varname)
-                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, value.position)
+                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                 }
                 conv.reg != null -> {
@@ -1030,7 +1383,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                         }
                     }
                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(conv.reg, null, program, asmgen)
-                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, value.position)
+                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("callconv")

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.ArrayElementTypes
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import prog8.ast.base.RegisterOrPair
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpr
 import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
 internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
                         lda  $varname
 $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified 
                         beq  $endLabel
-                        $incdec  $varname
-                        jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+                        $incdec  $varname""")
+                    asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                    asmgen.out(endLabel)
 
                 } else {
 
@@ -117,16 +117,15 @@ $modifiedLabel2 cmp  #0    ; modified
                             asmgen.out("""
 +               inc  $varname
                 bne  $loopLabel
-                inc  $varname+1
-                jmp  $loopLabel
-                            """)
+                inc  $varname+1""")
+                            asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
                         } else {
                             asmgen.out("""
 +               lda  $varname
                 bne  +
                 dec  $varname+1
-+               dec  $varname
-                jmp  $loopLabel""")
++               dec  $varname""")
+                            asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
                         }
                         asmgen.out(endLabel)
                     }
@@ -239,7 +238,7 @@ $endLabel""")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         val iterableName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -369,7 +368,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
                     }
                     2 -> {
-                        if(range.last==255) {
+                        if(range.last==255 || range.last==254) {
                             asmgen.out("""
                                 inc  $varname
                                 beq  $endLabel
@@ -377,34 +376,34 @@ $loopLabel""")
                                 bne  $loopLabel""")
                         } else {
                             asmgen.out("""
+                                inc  $varname
+                                inc  $varname
                                 lda  $varname
-                                cmp  #${range.last}
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                inc  $varname
-                                inc  $varname
-                                jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                                cmp  #${range.last+2}
+                                bne  $loopLabel""")
                         }
                     }
                     -2 -> {
                         when (range.last) {
-                            0 -> asmgen.out("""
-                                lda  $varname
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                dec  $varname
-                                dec  $varname
-                                jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                            0 -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    lda  $varname
+                                    beq  $endLabel
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    dec  $varname""")
+                                asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                            }
                             1 -> asmgen.out("""
-                                dec  $varname
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                dec  $varname
-                                bne  $loopLabel""")
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    beq  $endLabel
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    bne  $loopLabel""")
                             else -> asmgen.out("""
-                                lda  $varname
-                                cmp  #${range.last}
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                dec  $varname
-                                dec  $varname
-                                jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    lda  $varname
+                                    cmp  #${range.last-2}
+                                    bne  $loopLabel""")
                         }
                     }
                     else -> {
@@ -415,8 +414,8 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             beq  $endLabel
                             clc
                             adc  #${range.step}
-                            sta  $varname
-                            jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                            sta  $varname""")
+                        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
                     }
                 }
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
@@ -452,9 +451,9 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             sta  $varname
                             lda  $varname+1
                             adc  #>${range.step}
-                            sta  $varname+1
-                            jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+                            sta  $varname+1""")
+                        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                        asmgen.out(endLabel)
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -480,11 +479,10 @@ $loopLabel""")
 $endLabel""")
         } else {
             asmgen.out("""
-                lda  $varname
-                cmp  #${range.last}
-                beq  $endLabel
                 inc  $varname
-                jmp  $loopLabel
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #${range.last+1}
+                bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
         }
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
@@ -505,23 +503,22 @@ $loopLabel""")
                 asmgen.out("""
                     lda  $varname
                     beq  $endLabel
-                    dec  $varname
-                    jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+                    dec  $varname""")
+                asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
             1 -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
                     dec  $varname
-                    jmp  $loopLabel
+                    bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
             }
             else -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
-                    lda  $varname
-                    cmp  #${range.last}
-                    beq  $endLabel
                     dec  $varname
-                    jmp  $loopLabel
+                    lda  $varname
+                    cmp  #${range.last-1}
+                    bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
             }
         }
@@ -546,13 +543,12 @@ $loopLabel""")
             bne  +
             lda  $varname+1
             cmp  #>${range.last}
-            bne  +
             beq  $endLabel
 +           inc  $varname
             bne  $loopLabel
-            inc  $varname+1
-            jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+            inc  $varname+1""")
+        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+        asmgen.out(endLabel)
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
@@ -574,14 +570,13 @@ $loopLabel""")
             bne  +
             lda  $varname+1
             cmp  #>${range.last}
-            bne  +
             beq  $endLabel
 +           lda  $varname
             bne  +
             dec  $varname+1
-+           dec  $varname
-            jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
++           dec  $varname""")
+        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+        asmgen.out(endLabel)
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.Node
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignSource
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignment
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.TargetStorageKind
 
 
 internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
     }
 
     internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
             val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
             val (keepAonEntry: Boolean, keepAonReturn: Boolean) = sub.shouldKeepA()
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
     }
 
     internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
             val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
             val (keepAonEntry: Boolean, keepAonReturn: Boolean) = sub.shouldKeepA()
@@ -52,9 +54,10 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         // NOTE: does NOT output code to save/restore the X register for this call! Every caller should deal with this in their own way!!
         //       (you can use subroutine.shouldSaveX() and saveX()/restoreX() routines as a help for this)
 
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         val subName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(stmt.target)
         if(stmt.args.isNotEmpty()) {
+
             if(sub.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty()) {
                 // via variables
                 for(arg in sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args)) {
@@ -66,18 +69,37 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                     // just a single parameter, no risk of clobbering registers
                     argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), stmt.args[0])
                 } else {
+
+                    fun isNoClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+                        if(expr is AddressOf ||
+                                expr is NumericLiteralValue ||
+                                expr is StringLiteralValue ||
+                                expr is ArrayLiteralValue ||
+                                expr is IdentifierReference)
+                            return true
+
+                        if(expr is FunctionCall) {
+                            if(expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("lsb") || expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("msb"))
+                                return isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
+                            if(expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("mkword"))
+                                return isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
+                        }
+
+                        return false
+                    }
+
                     when {
-                        stmt.args.all {it is AddressOf ||
-                                it is NumericLiteralValue ||
-                                it is StringLiteralValue ||
-                                it is ArrayLiteralValue ||
-                                it is IdentifierReference} -> {
+                        stmt.args.all {isNoClobberRisk(it)} -> {
                             // There's no risk of clobbering for these simple argument types. Optimize the register loading directly from these values.
+                            // register assignment order: 1) cx16 virtual word registers, 2) actual CPU registers, 3) CPU Carry status flag.
                             val argsInfo = sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args).zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters)
-                            val (vregsArgsInfo, otherRegsArgsInfo) = argsInfo.partition { it.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
-                            for(arg in vregsArgsInfo)
+                            val (cx16virtualRegs, args2) = argsInfo.partition { it.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
+                            val (cpuRegs, statusRegs) = args2.partition { it.second.registerOrPair!=null }
+                            for(arg in cx16virtualRegs)
                                 argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
-                            for(arg in otherRegsArgsInfo)
+                            for(arg in cpuRegs)
+                                argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
+                            for(arg in statusRegs)
                                 argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
                         }
                         else -> {
@@ -89,17 +111,24 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             }
         }
 
-        if(sub.inline && asmgen.options.optimize) {
-            if(sub.containsDefinedVariables())
-                throw AssemblyError("can't inline sub with vars")
-            if(!sub.isAsmSubroutine && sub.parameters.isNotEmpty())
-                throw AssemblyError("can't inline a non-asm subroutine with parameters")
-            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name} from ${sub.position}")
-            val statements = sub.statements.filter { it !is ParameterVarDecl && it !is Directive }
-            statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-        }
-        else {
+        if(!sub.inline || !asmgen.options.optimize) {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  $subName")
+        } else {
+            // inline the subroutine.
+            // we do this by copying the subroutine's statements at the call site.
+            // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
+            // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
+            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
+            val statements = sub.statements.filter { it !is ParameterVarDecl && it !is Directive }
+            statements.forEach {
+                if(it is Return) {
+                    asmgen.translate(it, false)     // don't use RTS for the inlined return statement
+                } else {
+                    if(!sub.inline || it !is VarDecl)
+                        asmgen.translate(it)
+                }
+            }
+            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
         }
 
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
@@ -150,12 +179,12 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                                 lda  P8ESTACK_LO$plusIdxStr,x
                                 sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}
                             """)
-                            if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
                         }
-                        in WordDatatypes ->
+                        in WordDatatypes, in IterableDatatypes ->
                             asmgen.out("""
                                 lda  P8ESTACK_LO$plusIdxStr,x
                                 sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}
@@ -240,71 +269,67 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             if(valueDt largerThan requiredDt)
                 throw AssemblyError("can only convert byte values to word param types")
         }
-        when {
-            statusflag!=null -> {
-                if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
-                    throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
-                if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
-                    // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
-                    // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
-                    when(value) {
-                        is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                            val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
-                            asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
-                        }
-                        is IdentifierReference -> {
-                            val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
-                            asmgen.out("""
-            pha
-            lda  $sourceName
-            beq  +
-            sec  
-            bcs  ++
-+           clc
-+           pla
-""")
-                        }
-                        else -> {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                beq  +
-                                sec
-                                bcs  ++
-+                               clc
-+""")
-                        }
+        if (statusflag!=null) {
+            if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
+                throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
+            if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
+                // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
+                // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
+                when(value) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
+                        asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                pha
+                lda  $sourceName
+                beq  +
+                sec  
+                bcs  ++
+    +           clc
+    +           pla
+    """)
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                                    beq  +
+                                    sec
+                                    bcs  ++
+    +                               clc
+    +""")
                     }
                 }
-                else throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
-            }
-            else -> {
-                // via register or register pair
-                register!!
-                if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
-                    // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
-                    val scratchVar = asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, scratchVar, DataType.UBYTE, sub)
-                    asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb(scratchVar, valueDt)
-                    asmgen.assignVariableToRegister(scratchVar, register)
-                }
-                else {
-                    val target: AsmAssignTarget =
-                        if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
-                            AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
-                        else
-                            AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, sub, program, asmgen)
-                    val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
-                        if(value is IdentifierReference) {
-                            val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
-                            AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
-                        } else {
-                            AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
-                        }
+            } else throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
+        }
+        else {
+            // via register or register pair
+            register!!
+            if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
+                // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
+                val scratchVar = asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, scratchVar, DataType.UBYTE, sub)
+                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb(scratchVar, valueDt)
+                asmgen.assignVariableToRegister(scratchVar, register)
+            } else {
+                val target: AsmAssignTarget =
+                    if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
+                    else
+                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, sub, program, asmgen)
+                val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                    if(value is IdentifierReference) {
+                        val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
+                        AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     } else {
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     }
-                    asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, Position.DUMMY))
+                } else {
+                    AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                 }
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY))
             }
         }
     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
 
 
 internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
                 val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.arrayvar)
                 val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-                if(targetArrayIdx.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val indexValue = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()!! * elementDt.memorySize()
+                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when(elementDt) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue" else "  dec  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue")
                         in WordDatatypes -> {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
 
 
 internal enum class TargetStorageKind {
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
                                val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
                                val memory: DirectMemoryRead? = null,
-                               val register: CpuRegister? = null,
+                               val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
                                val number: NumericLiteralValue? = null,
                                val expression: Expression? = null
 )
@@ -119,13 +120,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
             asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstSource(indexer: ArrayIndex, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
-            return when {
-                indexer.indexNum!=null -> fromAstSource(indexer.indexNum!!, program, asmgen)
-                indexer.indexVar!=null -> fromAstSource(indexer.indexVar!!, program, asmgen)
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird indexer")
-            }
-        }
+        fun fromAstSource(indexer: ArrayIndex, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource = fromAstSource(indexer.indexExpr, program, asmgen)
 
         fun fromAstSource(value: Expression, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
             val cv = value.constValue(program)
@@ -138,7 +133,15 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                 is ArrayLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
                 is IdentifierReference -> {
                     val dt = value.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value))
+                    val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
+                    // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
+                    if(dt==DataType.UWORD && varName.toLowerCase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
+                        val regStr = varName.toLowerCase().substring(5)
+                        val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regStr.toUpperCase())
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, register = reg)
+                    } else {
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = varName)
+                    }
                 }
                 is DirectMemoryRead -> {
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, memory = value)
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, array = value)
                 }
                 is FunctionCall -> {
-                    when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
+                    when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program)) {
                         is Subroutine -> {
                             val returnType = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).firstOrNull { rr -> rr.second.registerOrPair != null || rr.second.statusflag!=null }?.first
                                     ?: throw AssemblyError("can't translate zero return values in assignment")
@@ -198,12 +201,13 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
 internal class AsmAssignment(val source: AsmAssignSource,
                              val target: AsmAssignTarget,
                              val isAugmentable: Boolean,
+                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
                              val position: Position) {
 
     init {
         if(target.register !in setOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
             require(source.datatype != DataType.STRUCT) { "must not be placeholder datatype" }
-            require(source.datatype.memorySize() <= target.datatype.memorySize()) {
+            require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
                 "source storage size must be less or equal to target datatype storage size"
             }
     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
 
 
-internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val exprAsmgen: ExpressionsAsmGen) {
+internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                                private val exprAsmgen: ExpressionsAsmGen
+) {
 
     private val augmentableAsmGen = AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(program, this, exprAsmgen, asmgen)
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         val target = AsmAssignTarget.fromAstAssignment(assignment, program, asmgen)
         val source = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(assignment.value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
 
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(source, target, assignment.isAugmentable, assignment.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(source, target, assignment.isAugmentable, program.memsizer, assignment.position)
         target.origAssign = assign
 
         if(assign.isAugmentable)
@@ -64,9 +65,10 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 val value = assign.source.array!!
                 val elementDt = assign.source.datatype
                 val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value.arrayvar)
-                if (value.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
+                val constIndex = value.indexer.constIndex()
+                if (constIndex!=null) {
                     // constant array index value
-                    val indexValue = value.indexer.constIndex()!! * elementDt.memorySize()
+                    val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when (elementDt) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue")
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             SourceStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
                 fun assignViaExprEval(expression: Expression) {
                     assignExpressionToVariable(expression, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, assign.target.scope)
-                    if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION -> {
                 when(val value = assign.source.expression!!) {
                     is AddressOf -> {
-                        val sourceName = value.identifier.firstStructVarName(program.namespace) ?: asmgen.asmVariableName(value.identifier)
+                        val sourceName = value.identifier.firstStructVarName(program) ?: asmgen.asmVariableName(value.identifier)
                         assignAddressOf(assign.target, sourceName)
                     }
                     is NumericLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("source kind should have been literalnumber")
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     is DirectMemoryRead -> throw AssemblyError("source kind should have been memory")
                     is TypecastExpression -> assignTypeCastedValue(assign.target, value.type, value.expression, value)
                     is FunctionCall -> {
-                        when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
+                        when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program)) {
                             is Subroutine -> {
                                 asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(value)
                                 asmgen.translateFunctionCall(value)
@@ -209,34 +211,37 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             }
                             is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
                                 val signature = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(sub.name)
-                                asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(value, signature, false)
-                                val returntype = builtinFunctionReturnType(sub.name, value.args, program)
-                                if(!returntype.isKnown)
-                                    throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-                                when(returntype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
-                                    in ByteDatatypes -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)            // function's byte result is in A
-                                    in WordDatatypes -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)    // function's word result is in AY
-                                    DataType.STR -> {
-                                        when (assign.target.datatype) {
-                                            DataType.STR -> {
-                                                asmgen.out("""
-                                                    pha
-                                                    lda  #<${assign.target.asmVarname}
-                                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                                                    lda  #>${assign.target.asmVarname}
-                                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                                                    pla
-                                                    jsr  prog8_lib.strcpy""")
+                                asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(value, signature, false, assign.target.register)
+                                if(assign.target.register==null) {
+                                    // still need to assign the result to the target variable/etc.
+                                    val returntype = builtinFunctionReturnType(sub.name, value.args, program)
+                                    if(!returntype.isKnown)
+                                        throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+                                    when(returntype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                                        in ByteDatatypes -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)            // function's byte result is in A
+                                        in WordDatatypes -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)    // function's word result is in AY
+                                        DataType.STR -> {
+                                            when (assign.target.datatype) {
+                                                DataType.STR -> {
+                                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                                        pha
+                                                        lda  #<${assign.target.asmVarname}
+                                                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                                        lda  #>${assign.target.asmVarname}
+                                                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                                        pla
+                                                        jsr  prog8_lib.strcpy""")
+                                                }
+                                                DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                                                else -> throw AssemblyError("str return value type mismatch with target")
                                             }
-                                            DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                                            else -> throw AssemblyError("str return value type mismatch with target")
                                         }
+                                        DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                                            // float result from function sits in FAC1
+                                            assignFAC1float(assign.target)
+                                        }
+                                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird result type")
                                     }
-                                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                                        // float result from function sits in FAC1
-                                        assignFAC1float(assign.target)
-                                    }
-                                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird result type")
                                 }
                             }
                             else -> {
@@ -260,7 +265,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 }
             }
             SourceStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, assign.source.register!!)
+                when(assign.source.datatype) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, assign.source.register!!.asCpuRegister())
+                    DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, assign.source.register!!)
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid register dt")
+                }
             }
             SourceStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 assignStackValue(assign.target)
@@ -312,7 +321,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
                     fun assignViaExprEval(addressExpression: Expression) {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpression, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
-                        if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -349,7 +358,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
 
         // special case optimizations
-        if(target.kind==TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
+        if(target.kind== TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
             if(value is IdentifierReference && valueDt != DataType.STRUCT)
                 return assignTypeCastedIdentifier(target.asmVarname, targetDt, asmgen.asmVariableName(value), valueDt)
 
@@ -422,8 +431,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
 
         // give up, do it via eval stack
-        // TODO optimize typecasts for more special cases?
         // note: cannot use assignTypeCastedValue because that is ourselves :P
+        // TODO optimize typecasts for more special cases?
         if(this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
             println("warning: slow stack evaluation used for typecast: $value into $targetDt (target=${target.kind} at ${value.position}")
         asmgen.translateExpression(origTypeCastExpression)      // this performs the actual type cast in translateExpression(Typecast)
@@ -434,7 +443,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         val lsb = FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsb"), value.position), mutableListOf(value), value.position)
         lsb.linkParents(value.parent)
         val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, expression = lsb)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, value.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
@@ -466,7 +475,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
@@ -489,7 +498,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
@@ -562,11 +571,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.STR -> {
-                if (targetDt != DataType.UWORD && targetDt == DataType.STR)
-                    throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string into another incompatitble type")
-                TODO("assign typecasted string into target var")
-            }
+            DataType.STR -> throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string value")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
         }
     }
@@ -585,7 +590,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
@@ -613,7 +618,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
@@ -701,11 +706,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.STR -> {
-                if (targetDt != DataType.UWORD && targetDt == DataType.STR)
-                    throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string into another incompatitble type")
-                TODO("assign typecasted string into target var")
-            }
+            DataType.STR -> throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string value")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
         }
     }
@@ -755,7 +756,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if(target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * target.datatype.memorySize()
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
                     when(target.datatype) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(" inx | lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
@@ -961,7 +962,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 target.array!!
                 if(target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * target.datatype.memorySize()
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
                     when(target.datatype) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(" lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
@@ -1066,11 +1067,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     ldy  #>${target.asmVarname}
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1""")
-                if(target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val index = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!!
-                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$index")
+                val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$constIndex")
                 } else {
-                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $asmvarname")
                 }
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.set_array_float_from_fac1")
@@ -1102,11 +1103,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     ldy  #>${target.asmVarname}
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1""")
-                if(target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val index = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!!
-                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$index")
+                val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$constIndex")
                 } else {
-                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $asmvarname")
                 }
                 asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.set_array_float")
@@ -1149,11 +1150,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     ldy  #>${target.asmVarname}
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1""")
-                if(target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val index = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!!
-                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$index")
+                val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$constIndex")
                 } else {
-                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $asmvarname")
                 }
                 asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.set_array_float")
@@ -1184,7 +1185,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if (target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * target.datatype.memorySize()
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
                 }
                 else {
@@ -1235,11 +1236,20 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     """)
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
-                // TODO optimize slow stack evaluation for this case, see assignVariableUByteIntoWord
-                if(this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
-                    println("warning: slow stack evaluation used for sign-extend byte typecast at ${bytevar.position}")
-                asmgen.translateExpression(wordtarget.origAssign.source.expression!!)
-                assignStackValue(wordtarget)
+                if (wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
+                    val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
+                    asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(DataType.BYTE)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx |  sty  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
+                }
+                else {
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, wordtarget.scope!!)
+                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(wordtarget.array!!, wordtarget.datatype, CpuRegister.X)
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
+                    asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(DataType.BYTE)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname},x |  inx |  tya |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname},x")
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+                }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
                 when(wordtarget.register!!) {
@@ -1288,7 +1298,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         when(wordtarget.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}")
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                     asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
                 else
                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1297,7 +1307,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 if (wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
                     val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
                     asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0  | sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
@@ -1322,7 +1332,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                     asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                 else
                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
@@ -1332,8 +1342,16 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     internal fun assignRegisterByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, register: CpuRegister) {
-        if(target.register !in Cx16VirtualRegisters)
-            require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
+        // we make an exception in the type check for assigning something to a cx16 virtual register
+        if(target.register !in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
+            if(target.kind==TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
+                val parts = target.asmVarname.split('.')
+                if (parts.size != 2 || parts[0] != "cx16")
+                    require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
+            } else {
+                require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
+            }
+        }
 
         when(target.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1361,7 +1379,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         CpuRegister.X -> asmgen.out(" txa")
                         CpuRegister.Y -> asmgen.out(" tya")
                     }
-                    asmgen.out(" ldy  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array!!.indexer.indexVar!!)} |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
+                    val indexVar = target.array!!.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference
+                    asmgen.out(" ldy  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(indexVar)} |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
@@ -1431,7 +1450,15 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname} |  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname} |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${target.asmVarname} |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                    in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $srcReg
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}
+                            lda  $srcReg+1
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
@@ -1441,24 +1468,43 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                            val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  $srcReg
+                                sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx
+                                lda  $srcReg+1
+                                sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1""")
+                        }
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
                 }
                 else {
-                    when(regs) {
-                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pha |  txa |  pha")
-                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  pha")
-                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  txa |  pha |  tya |  pha")
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
-                    }
-                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, DataType.UWORD, CpuRegister.Y, true)
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        pla
-                        sta  ${target.asmVarname},y
-                        dey
-                        pla
-                        sta  ${target.asmVarname},y""")
+                    if (regs !in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
+                        when (regs) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pha |  txa |  pha")
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  pha")
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  txa |  pha |  tya |  pha")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, DataType.UWORD, CpuRegister.Y, true)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            pla
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y
+                            dey
+                            pla
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y""")
+                    } else {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, DataType.UWORD, CpuRegister.Y, true)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $srcReg+1
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y
+                            dey
+                            lda  $srcReg
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y""")
                     }
+                }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
                 when(regs) {
@@ -1472,7 +1518,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                     stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
                                 """)
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> when(target.register!!) {
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> { }
@@ -1484,7 +1530,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                     sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
                                 """)
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> when(target.register!!) {
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> { asmgen.out("  txa") }
@@ -1496,16 +1542,40 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                     sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
                                 """)
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                    in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        if(regs!=target.register) {
+                            when(target.register) {
+                                RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  lda  $srcReg |  ldx  $srcReg+1")
+                                RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  lda  $srcReg |  ldy  $srcReg+1")
+                                RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $srcReg |  ldy  $srcReg+1")
+                                in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                                    val targetReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(target.register!!)
+                                    asmgen.out("  lda  $srcReg |  sta  $targetReg |  lda  $srcReg+1 |  sta  $targetReg+1")
+                                }
+                                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 when(regs) {
-                    RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out(" sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  sty  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                    RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  sty  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY -> throw AssemblyError("can't use X here")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                    in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $srcReg
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            lda  $srcReg+1
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+                            dex""")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("can't store word into memory byte")
@@ -1513,7 +1583,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     private fun assignConstantWord(target: AsmAssignTarget, word: Int) {
-        if(word==0 && CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if(word==0 && asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             // optimize setting zero value for this processor
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1608,7 +1678,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     private fun assignConstantByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, byte: Short) {
-        if(byte==0.toShort() && CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if(byte==0.toShort() && asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             // optimize setting zero value for this cpu
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1678,7 +1748,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected typecasted byte to float")
                 in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                     asmgen.out("  lda  #${byte.toHex()} |  sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1\n")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1\n")
@@ -1699,7 +1769,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             // optimized case for float zero
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("""
                             stz  ${target.asmVarname}
                             stz  ${target.asmVarname}+1
@@ -1718,9 +1788,10 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         """)
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
-                    if (target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                        val indexValue = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!! * DataType.FLOAT.memorySize()
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                    if (constIndex!=null) {
+                        val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("""
                                 stz  ${target.asmVarname}+$indexValue
                                 stz  ${target.asmVarname}+$indexValue+1
@@ -1738,7 +1809,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                 sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$indexValue+4
                             """)
                     } else {
-                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #<${target.asmVarname}
                             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -1783,8 +1854,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                     val arrayVarName = target.asmVarname
-                    if (target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                        val indexValue = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!! * DataType.FLOAT.memorySize()
+                    val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                    if (constIndex!=null) {
+                        val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $constFloat
                             sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue
@@ -1798,7 +1870,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+4
                         """)
                     } else {
-                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #<${constFloat}
                             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -1917,7 +1989,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             when(wordtarget.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                     asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()} |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1933,7 +2005,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                     asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()} |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
@@ -1945,7 +2017,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                     asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(identifier)
                     asmgen.out(" sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1965,7 +2037,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                     asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(identifier)
                     asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
@@ -1983,7 +2055,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             when(addressExpr) {
                 is NumericLiteralValue, is IdentifierReference -> {
                     assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpr, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
-                    if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -1993,7 +2065,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     asmgen.out("  pha")
                     assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpr, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
                     asmgen.out("  pla")
-                    if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -2003,9 +2075,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
         fun storeAIntoPointerVar(pointervar: IdentifierReference) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(pointervar)
-            val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+            val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
             val scopedName = vardecl.makeScopedName(vardecl.name)
-            if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+            if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
                 if (asmgen.isZpVar(scopedName)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
                     asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName)")
@@ -2051,21 +2123,21 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     internal fun assignExpressionToRegister(expr: Expression, register: RegisterOrPair) {
         val src = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(expr, program, asmgen)
         val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, null, program, asmgen)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, expr.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, expr.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
     internal fun assignExpressionToVariable(expr: Expression, asmVarName: String, dt: DataType, scope: Subroutine?) {
         val src = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(expr, program, asmgen)
         val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, scope, variableAsmName = asmVarName)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, expr.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, expr.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
     internal fun assignVariableToRegister(asmVarName: String, register: RegisterOrPair) {
         val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, null, program, asmgen)
         val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, tgt.datatype, variableAsmName = asmVarName)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, Position.DUMMY)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
 
 internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                            private val assignmentAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen,
                                            private val exprAsmGen: ExpressionsAsmGen,
-                                           private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+                                           private val asmgen: AsmGen
+) {
     fun translate(assign: AsmAssignment) {
         require(assign.isAugmentable)
         require(assign.source.kind== SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION)
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, ident)
-                            // TODO more specialized code for types such as memory read etc.  -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable()
+                            memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
                             value is TypecastExpression -> {
                                 if (tryRemoveRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
@@ -200,9 +199,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 with(target.array!!.indexer) {
+                    val indexNum = indexExpr as? NumericLiteralValue
+                    val indexVar = indexExpr as? IdentifierReference
                     when {
                         indexNum!=null -> {
-                            val targetVarName = "${target.asmVarname} + ${indexNum!!.number.toInt()*target.datatype.memorySize()}"
+                            val targetVarName = "${target.asmVarname} + ${indexNum.number.toInt()*program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)}"
                             when(target.datatype) {
                                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
                                     when {
@@ -246,19 +247,19 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             when(target.datatype) {
                                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
                                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.A, null, program, asmgen)
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, value.position)
+                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
                                 }
                                 in WordDatatypes -> {
                                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.AY, null, program, asmgen)
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, value.position)
+                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 }
                                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
                                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null, program, asmgen)
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, value.position)
+                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignFAC1float(target)
                                 }
@@ -269,8 +270,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                 }
             }
-            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg in-place modification")
-            TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack in-place modification")
+            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg in-place modification")
+            TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack in-place modification")
         }
     }
 
@@ -321,7 +322,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
         if(ptrOnZp)
@@ -362,7 +362,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" and  $otherName")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" ora  $otherName")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" eor  $otherName")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
         if(ptrOnZp)
@@ -465,7 +464,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 else
                     asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -541,7 +539,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                 asmgen.out("  eor  $name |  sta  $name")
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -599,7 +596,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  and  $otherName |  sta  $name")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  ora  $otherName |  sta  $name")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  eor  $otherName |  sta  $name")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -632,7 +628,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "<<" -> {
                 if(value>=8) {
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -643,7 +639,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 if(value>0) {
                     if (dt == DataType.UBYTE) {
                         if(value>=8) {
-                            if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -671,7 +667,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  and  #$value |  sta  $name")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  ora  #$value |  sta  $name")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  eor  #$value |  sta  $name")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -693,8 +688,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     sec
                     sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
                     sta  $name""")
-                // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             }
+            // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             else -> {
                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(name, dt, operator, memread)
             }
@@ -724,8 +719,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     bcc  +
                     dec  $name+1
 +""")
-                // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             }
+            // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             else -> {
                 inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(name, dt, operator, memread)
             }
@@ -858,14 +853,14 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "<<" -> {
                 when {
                     value>=16 -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name |  stz  $name+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name |  sta  $name+1")
                     }
                     value==8 -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $name |  sta  $name+1")
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -885,14 +880,14 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     if(dt==DataType.UWORD) {
                         when {
                             value>=16 -> {
-                                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                     asmgen.out("  stz  $name |  stz  $name+1")
                                 else
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name |  sta  $name+1")
                             }
                             value==8 -> {
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  $name+1 |  sta  $name")
-                                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                     asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                                 else
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -941,13 +936,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> {
                 when {
                     value == 0 -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name |  stz  $name+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name |  sta  $name+1")
                     }
                     value and 255 == 0 -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -955,7 +950,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     value < 0x0100 -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $name |  and  #$value |  sta  $name")
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -979,14 +974,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     else -> asmgen.out("  lda  $name |  eor  #<$value |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  eor  #>$value |  sta  $name+1")
                 }
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference) {
         val otherName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
+        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype
         when (valueDt) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> {
                 // the other variable is a BYTE type so optimize for that
@@ -1042,7 +1036,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     "*" -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
@@ -1055,8 +1049,49 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             lda  math.multiply_words.result+1
                             sta  $name+1""")
                     }
-                    "/" -> TODO("div (u)wordvar/bytevar")
-                    "%" -> TODO("(u)word remainder bytevar")
+                    "/" -> {
+                        if(dt==DataType.UWORD) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  $name
+                                ldy  $name+1
+                                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                lda  $otherName
+                                ldy  #0
+                                jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm
+                                sta  $name
+                                sty  $name+1
+                            """)
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  $name
+                                ldy  $name+1
+                                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                lda  $otherName
+                                ldy  #0
+                                jsr  math.divmod_w_asm
+                                sta  $name
+                                sty  $name+1
+                            """)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    "%" -> {
+                        if(valueDt!=DataType.UBYTE || dt!=DataType.UWORD)
+                            throw AssemblyError("remainder of signed integers is not properly defined/implemented, use unsigned instead")
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $name
+                            ldy  $name+1
+                            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                            lda  $otherName
+                            ldy  #0
+                            jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm
+                            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+                            sta  $name
+                            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+                            sta  $name+1
+                        """)                    }
                     "<<" -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $otherName
@@ -1093,7 +1128,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     "&", "and" -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  and  $name |  sta  $name")
                         if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
-                            if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -1101,7 +1136,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     "|", "or" -> asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  ora  $name |  sta  $name")
                     "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  eor  $name |  sta  $name")
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1175,7 +1209,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  and  $otherName |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  and  $otherName+1 |  sta  $name+1")
                     "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  ora  $otherName |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  ora  $otherName+1 |  sta  $name+1")
                     "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  eor  $otherName |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  eor  $otherName+1 |  sta  $name+1")
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1352,7 +1385,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.out("  and  $name |  sta  $name")
                         if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
-                            if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -1366,7 +1399,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.out("  eor  $name |  sta  $name")
                     }
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1407,7 +1439,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("  eor  $name |  sta  $name |  tya |  eor  $name+1 |  sta  $name+1")
                     }
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1455,7 +1486,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     jsr  floats.FDIV
                 """)
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place float modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place float modification $operator")
         }
         asmgen.out("""
@@ -1467,7 +1497,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference, scope: Subroutine) {
-        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
+        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype
         if(valueDt != DataType.FLOAT)
             throw AssemblyError("float variable expected")
 
@@ -1475,7 +1505,16 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope)
         when (operator) {
             "**" -> {
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance is Cx16Target) {
+                if(asmgen.haveFPWR()) {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$name
+                        ldy  #>$name
+                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
+                        lda  #<$otherName
+                        ldy  #>$otherName
+                        jsr  floats.FPWR
+                    """)
+                } else
                     // cx16 doesn't have FPWR() only FPWRT()
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$name
@@ -1486,15 +1525,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         jsr  floats.MOVFM
                         jsr  floats.FPWRT
                     """)
-                } else
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  #<$name
-                        ldy  #>$name
-                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
-                        lda  #<$otherName
-                        ldy  #>$otherName
-                        jsr  floats.FPWR
-                    """)
             }
             "+" -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -1536,7 +1566,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     jsr  floats.FDIV
                 """)
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place float modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place float modification $operator")
         }
         // store Fac1 back into memory
@@ -1553,7 +1582,16 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope)
         when (operator) {
             "**" -> {
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance is Cx16Target) {
+                if(asmgen.haveFPWR()) {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$name
+                        ldy  #>$name
+                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
+                        lda  #<$constValueName
+                        ldy  #>$constValueName
+                        jsr  floats.FPWR
+                    """)
+                } else
                     // cx16 doesn't have FPWR() only FPWRT()
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$name
@@ -1564,15 +1602,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         jsr  floats.MOVFM
                         jsr  floats.FPWRT
                     """)
-                } else
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  #<$name
-                        ldy  #>$name
-                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
-                        lda  #<$constValueName
-                        ldy  #>$constValueName
-                        jsr  floats.FPWR
-                    """)
             }
             "+" -> {
                 if (value == 0.0)
@@ -1621,7 +1650,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     jsr  floats.FDIV
                 """)
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place float modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place float modification $operator")
         }
         // store Fac1 back into memory
@@ -1645,7 +1673,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                             when(target.kind) {
                                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                         asmgen.out(" stz  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
                                     else
                                         asmgen.out(" lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1655,7 +1683,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
                                 }
                                 TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
-                                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                         asmgen.out(" stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                                     else
                                         asmgen.out(" lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
@@ -1731,9 +1759,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place not of ubyte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place not of ubyte array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack not")
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
@@ -1750,9 +1778,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for uword-memory not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place not of uword array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place not of uword array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack not")
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("boolean-not of invalid type")
@@ -1797,9 +1825,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place invert ubyte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place invert ubyte array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack invert")
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
@@ -1814,9 +1842,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for uword-memory invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place invert uword array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place invert uword array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack invert")
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invert of invalid type")
@@ -1835,9 +1863,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}""")
                     }
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("can't in-place negate memory ubyte")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place negate byte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate byte array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack negate")
                 }
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
@@ -1852,10 +1880,10 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sbc  ${target.asmVarname}+1
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place negate word array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate word array")
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for word memory negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack negate")
                 }
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
@@ -1868,8 +1896,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1
                         """)
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place negate float array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack float negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate float array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack float negate")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target kind for float")
                 }
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.cx16
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.compiler.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
 import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
 import java.io.IOException
 
 internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
@@ -27,10 +25,11 @@ internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
 
     override fun getFloat(num: Number) = C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-
-    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, importer: ModuleImporter, program: Program) {
-        if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
-            importer.importLibraryModule(program, "syslib")
+    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
+        return if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
+            listOf("syslib")
+        else
+            emptyList()
     }
 
     override fun launchEmulator(programName: String) {

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/BinExprSplitter.kt

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
 import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
 
-internal class BinExprSplitter(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
+internal class BinExprSplitter(private val program: Program, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
 
 //    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
 // TODO somehow if we do this, the resulting code for some programs (cube3d.p8) gets hundreds of bytes larger...:
@@ -53,17 +53,18 @@ X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
 
 
  */
-            if(binExpr.operator in augmentAssignmentOperators && isSimpleTarget(assignment.target, program.namespace)) {
+            if(binExpr.operator in augmentAssignmentOperators && isSimpleTarget(assignment.target, program)) {
                 if(assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.left || assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.right)
                     return noModifications
 
-                if(isSimpleExpression(binExpr.right) && !assignment.isAugmentable) {
-                    val firstAssign = Assignment(assignment.target, binExpr.left, binExpr.left.position)
+                if(binExpr.right.isSimple && !assignment.isAugmentable) {
+                    val firstAssign = Assignment(assignment.target.copy(), binExpr.left, binExpr.left.position)
                     val targetExpr = assignment.target.toExpression()
                     val augExpr = BinaryExpression(targetExpr, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.right.position)
                     return listOf(
-                            IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, firstAssign, assignment.definingScope()),
-                            IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assignment.value, augExpr, assignment))
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, augExpr, assignment),
+                        IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, firstAssign, assignment.parent as INameScope)
+                    )
                 }
             }
 
@@ -75,12 +76,9 @@ X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    private fun isSimpleExpression(expr: Expression) =
-            expr is IdentifierReference || expr is NumericLiteralValue || expr is AddressOf || expr is DirectMemoryRead || expr is StringLiteralValue || expr is ArrayLiteralValue || expr is RangeExpr
-
-    private fun isSimpleTarget(target: AssignTarget, namespace: INameScope) =
+    private fun isSimpleTarget(target: AssignTarget, program: Program) =
             if (target.identifier!=null || target.memoryAddress!=null)
-                target.isInRegularRAM(namespace)
+                compTarget.isInRegularRAM(target, program)
             else
                 false
 

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/CallGraph.kt

@@ -1,216 +1,119 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.ErrorReporter
-import prog8.ast.base.ParentSentinel
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
 import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.loadAsmIncludeFile
-
-private val alwaysKeepSubroutines = setOf(
-        Pair("main", "start"),
-        Pair("irq", "irq")
-)
-
-private val asmJumpRx = Regex("""[\-+a-zA-Z0-9_ \t]+(jmp|jsr)[ \t]+(\S+).*""", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE)
-private val asmRefRx = Regex("""[\-+a-zA-Z0-9_ \t]+(...)[ \t]+(\S+).*""", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE)
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
 
 
 class CallGraph(private val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
 
-    val imports = mutableMapOf<Module, List<Module>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
-    val importedBy = mutableMapOf<Module, List<Module>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
-    val calls = mutableMapOf<Subroutine, List<Subroutine>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
-    val calledBy = mutableMapOf<Subroutine, List<Node>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
-
-    // TODO  add dataflow graph: what statements use what variables - can be used to eliminate unused vars
-    val usedSymbols = mutableSetOf<Statement>()
+    val imports = mutableMapOf<Module, Set<Module>>().withDefault { setOf() }
+    val importedBy = mutableMapOf<Module, Set<Module>>().withDefault { setOf() }
+    val calls = mutableMapOf<Subroutine, Set<Subroutine>>().withDefault { setOf() }
+    val calledBy = mutableMapOf<Subroutine, Set<Node>>().withDefault { setOf() }
+    private val allIdentifiersAndTargets = mutableMapOf<Pair<IdentifierReference, Position>, Statement>()
+    private val allAssemblyNodes = mutableListOf<InlineAssembly>()
 
     init {
         visit(program)
     }
 
-    fun forAllSubroutines(scope: INameScope, sub: (s: Subroutine) -> Unit) {
-        fun findSubs(scope: INameScope) {
-            scope.statements.forEach {
-                if (it is Subroutine)
-                    sub(it)
-                if (it is INameScope)
-                    findSubs(it)
+    private val usedSubroutines: Set<Subroutine> by lazy {
+        calledBy.keys + program.entrypoint()
+    }
+
+    private val usedBlocks: Set<Block> by lazy {
+        val blocksFromSubroutines = usedSubroutines.map { it.definingBlock() }
+        val blocksFromLibraries = program.allBlocks().filter { it.isInLibrary }
+        val used = mutableSetOf<Block>()
+
+        allIdentifiersAndTargets.forEach {
+            if(it.key.first.definingBlock() in blocksFromSubroutines) {
+                val target = it.value.definingBlock()
+                used.add(target)
             }
         }
-        findSubs(scope)
+
+        used + blocksFromLibraries + program.entrypoint().definingBlock()
     }
 
-    override fun visit(program: Program) {
-        super.visit(program)
-
-        program.modules.forEach {
-            it.importedBy.clear()
-            it.imports.clear()
-
-            it.importedBy.addAll(importedBy.getValue(it))
-            it.imports.addAll(imports.getValue(it))
-        }
-
-        val rootmodule = program.modules.first()
-        rootmodule.importedBy.add(rootmodule)       // don't discard root module
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(block: Block) {
-        if (block.definingModule().isLibraryModule) {
-            // make sure the block is not removed
-            addNodeAndParentScopes(block)
-        }
-
-        super.visit(block)
+    private val usedModules: Set<Module> by lazy {
+        usedBlocks.map { it.definingModule() }.toSet()
     }
 
     override fun visit(directive: Directive) {
         val thisModule = directive.definingModule()
         if (directive.directive == "%import") {
             val importedModule: Module = program.modules.single { it.name == directive.args[0].name }
-            imports[thisModule] = imports.getValue(thisModule).plus(importedModule)
-            importedBy[importedModule] = importedBy.getValue(importedModule).plus(thisModule)
-        } else if (directive.directive == "%asminclude") {
-            val asm = loadAsmIncludeFile(directive.args[0].str!!, thisModule.source)
-            val scope = directive.definingSubroutine()
-            if(scope!=null) {
-                scanAssemblyCode(asm, directive, scope)
-            }
+            imports[thisModule] = imports.getValue(thisModule) + importedModule
+            importedBy[importedModule] = importedBy.getValue(importedModule) + thisModule
         }
 
         super.visit(directive)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference) {
-        // track symbol usage
-        val target = identifier.targetStatement(this.program.namespace)
-        if (target != null) {
-            addNodeAndParentScopes(target)
-        }
-        super.visit(identifier)
-    }
-
-    private fun addNodeAndParentScopes(stmt: Statement) {
-        usedSymbols.add(stmt)
-        var node: Node = stmt
-        do {
-            if (node is INameScope && node is Statement) {
-                usedSymbols.add(node)
-            }
-            node = node.parent
-        } while (node !is Module && node !is ParentSentinel)
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
-        if (Pair(subroutine.definingScope().name, subroutine.name) in alwaysKeepSubroutines
-                || subroutine.definingModule().isLibraryModule) {
-            // make sure the entrypoint is mentioned in the used symbols
-            addNodeAndParentScopes(subroutine)
-        }
-        super.visit(subroutine)
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
-        if (decl.autogeneratedDontRemove || decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT)
-            addNodeAndParentScopes(decl)
-        else if(decl.parent is Block && decl.definingModule().isLibraryModule)
-            addNodeAndParentScopes(decl)
-
-        super.visit(decl)
-    }
-
     override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall) {
-        val otherSub = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
+        val otherSub = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program)
         if (otherSub != null) {
             functionCall.definingSubroutine()?.let { thisSub ->
-                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub).plus(otherSub)
-                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub).plus(functionCall)
+                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub) + otherSub
+                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub) + functionCall
             }
         }
         super.visit(functionCall)
     }
 
     override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) {
-        val otherSub = functionCallStatement.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
+        val otherSub = functionCallStatement.target.targetSubroutine(program)
         if (otherSub != null) {
             functionCallStatement.definingSubroutine()?.let { thisSub ->
-                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub).plus(otherSub)
-                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub).plus(functionCallStatement)
+                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub) + otherSub
+                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub) + functionCallStatement
             }
         }
         super.visit(functionCallStatement)
     }
 
+    override fun visit(addressOf: AddressOf) {
+        val otherSub = addressOf.identifier.targetSubroutine(program)
+        if(otherSub!=null) {
+            addressOf.definingSubroutine()?.let { thisSub ->
+                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub) + otherSub
+                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub) + thisSub
+            }
+        }
+        super.visit(addressOf)
+    }
+
     override fun visit(jump: Jump) {
-        val otherSub = jump.identifier?.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
+        val otherSub = jump.identifier?.targetSubroutine(program)
         if (otherSub != null) {
             jump.definingSubroutine()?.let { thisSub ->
-                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub).plus(otherSub)
-                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub).plus(jump)
+                calls[thisSub] = calls.getValue(thisSub) + otherSub
+                calledBy[otherSub] = calledBy.getValue(otherSub) + jump
             }
         }
         super.visit(jump)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl) {
-        usedSymbols.add(structDecl)
-        usedSymbols.addAll(structDecl.statements)
+    override fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference) {
+        allIdentifiersAndTargets[Pair(identifier, identifier.position)] = identifier.targetStatement(program)!!
     }
 
     override fun visit(inlineAssembly: InlineAssembly) {
-        // parse inline asm for subroutine calls (jmp, jsr)
-        val scope = inlineAssembly.definingSubroutine()
-        scanAssemblyCode(inlineAssembly.assembly, inlineAssembly, scope)
-        super.visit(inlineAssembly)
+        allAssemblyNodes.add(inlineAssembly)
     }
 
-    private fun scanAssemblyCode(asm: String, context: Statement, scope: Subroutine?) {
-        asm.lines().forEach { line ->
-            val matches = asmJumpRx.matchEntire(line)
-            if (matches != null) {
-                val jumptarget = matches.groups[2]?.value
-                if (jumptarget != null && (jumptarget[0].isLetter() || jumptarget[0] == '_')) {
-                    val node = program.namespace.lookup(jumptarget.split('.'), context)
-                    if (node is Subroutine) {
-                        if(scope!=null)
-                            calls[scope] = calls.getValue(scope).plus(node)
-                        calledBy[node] = calledBy.getValue(node).plus(context)
-                    } else if (jumptarget.contains('.')) {
-                        // maybe only the first part already refers to a subroutine
-                        val node2 = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(jumptarget.substringBefore('.')), context)
-                        if (node2 is Subroutine) {
-                            if(scope!=null)
-                                calls[scope] = calls.getValue(scope).plus(node2)
-                            calledBy[node2] = calledBy.getValue(node2).plus(context)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                val matches2 = asmRefRx.matchEntire(line)
-                if (matches2 != null) {
-                    val target = matches2.groups[2]?.value
-                    if (target != null && (target[0].isLetter() || target[0] == '_')) {
-                        if (target.contains('.')) {
-                            val node = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(target.substringBefore('.')), context)
-                            if (node is Subroutine) {
-                                if(scope!=null)
-                                    calls[scope] = calls.getValue(scope).plus(node)
-                                calledBy[node] = calledBy.getValue(node).plus(context)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun checkRecursiveCalls(errors: ErrorReporter) {
+    fun checkRecursiveCalls(errors: IErrorReporter) {
         val cycles = recursionCycles()
         if(cycles.any()) {
             errors.warn("Program contains recursive subroutine calls. These only works in very specific limited scenarios!", Position.DUMMY)
@@ -260,4 +163,39 @@ class CallGraph(private val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
         recStack[sub] = false
         return false
     }
+
+    fun unused(module: Module) = module !in usedModules
+
+    fun unused(sub: Subroutine): Boolean {
+        return sub !in usedSubroutines && !nameInAssemblyCode(sub.name)
+    }
+
+    fun unused(block: Block): Boolean {
+        return block !in usedBlocks && !nameInAssemblyCode(block.name)
+    }
+
+    fun unused(decl: VarDecl): Boolean {
+        if(decl.type!=VarDeclType.VAR || decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT || decl.autogeneratedDontRemove || decl.parent is StructDecl)
+            return false
+
+        if(decl.definingBlock() !in usedBlocks)
+            return false
+
+        val allReferencedVardecls = allIdentifiersAndTargets.filter { it.value is VarDecl }.map { it.value }.toSet()
+        return decl !in allReferencedVardecls && !nameInAssemblyCode(decl.name)
+    }
+
+    private fun nameInAssemblyCode(name: String) = allAssemblyNodes.any { it.assembly.contains(name) }
+
+    inline fun unused(label: Label) = false   // just always output labels
+
+    fun unused(stmt: ISymbolStatement): Boolean {
+        return when(stmt) {
+            is Subroutine -> unused(stmt)
+            is Block -> unused(stmt)
+            is VarDecl -> unused(stmt)
+            is Label -> false   // just always output labels
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstExprEvaluator.kt

@@ -9,28 +9,32 @@ import kotlin.math.pow
 class ConstExprEvaluator {
 
     fun evaluate(left: NumericLiteralValue, operator: String, right: NumericLiteralValue): Expression {
-        return when(operator) {
-            "+" -> plus(left, right)
-            "-" -> minus(left, right)
-            "*" -> multiply(left, right)
-            "/" -> divide(left, right)
-            "%" -> remainder(left, right)
-            "**" -> power(left, right)
-            "&" -> bitwiseand(left, right)
-            "|" -> bitwiseor(left, right)
-            "^" -> bitwisexor(left, right)
-            "and" -> logicaland(left, right)
-            "or" -> logicalor(left, right)
-            "xor" -> logicalxor(left, right)
-            "<" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left < right, left.position)
-            ">" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left > right, left.position)
-            "<=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left <= right, left.position)
-            ">=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left >= right, left.position)
-            "==" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left == right, left.position)
-            "!=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left != right, left.position)
-            "<<" -> shiftedleft(left, right)
-            ">>" -> shiftedright(left, right)
-            else -> throw FatalAstException("const evaluation for invalid operator $operator")
+        try {
+            return when(operator) {
+                "+" -> plus(left, right)
+                "-" -> minus(left, right)
+                "*" -> multiply(left, right)
+                "/" -> divide(left, right)
+                "%" -> remainder(left, right)
+                "**" -> power(left, right)
+                "&" -> bitwiseand(left, right)
+                "|" -> bitwiseor(left, right)
+                "^" -> bitwisexor(left, right)
+                "and" -> logicaland(left, right)
+                "or" -> logicalor(left, right)
+                "xor" -> logicalxor(left, right)
+                "<" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left < right, left.position)
+                ">" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left > right, left.position)
+                "<=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left <= right, left.position)
+                ">=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left >= right, left.position)
+                "==" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left == right, left.position)
+                "!=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left != right, left.position)
+                "<<" -> shiftedleft(left, right)
+                ">>" -> shiftedright(left, right)
+                else -> throw FatalAstException("const evaluation for invalid operator $operator")
+            }
+        } catch (ax: FatalAstException) {
+            throw ExpressionError(ax.message, left.position)
         }
     }
 

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantFoldingOptimizer.kt

@@ -4,14 +4,16 @@ import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
 
-internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
+internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun before(memread: DirectMemoryRead, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // @( &thing )  -->  thing
@@ -221,7 +223,7 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
                     range.step
                 }
 
-            return RangeExpr(fromCast.valueOrZero(), toCast.valueOrZero(), newStep, range.position)
+            return RangeExpr(fromCast.valueOrZero(), toCast.valueOrZero(), newStep, compTarget, range.position)
         }
 
         // adjust the datatype of a range expression in for loops to the loop variable.
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
         val rangeTo = iterableRange.to as? NumericLiteralValue
         if(rangeFrom==null || rangeTo==null) return noModifications
 
-        val loopvar = forLoop.loopVar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace) ?: throw UndefinedSymbolError(forLoop.loopVar)
+        val loopvar = forLoop.loopVar.targetVarDecl(program) ?: throw UndefinedSymbolError(forLoop.loopVar)
 
         val stepLiteral = iterableRange.step as? NumericLiteralValue
         when(loopvar.datatype) {

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantIdentifierReplacer.kt

@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.statements.ArrayIndex
 import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
 import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
 import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
 // Fix up the literal value's type to match that of the vardecl
-internal class VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(private val program: Program, private val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
+internal class VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         try {
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ internal class VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(private val program: Program, privat
 // Replace all constant identifiers with their actual value,
 // and the array var initializer values and sizes.
 // This is needed because further constant optimizations depend on those.
-internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
+internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun after(identifier: IdentifierReference, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // replace identifiers that refer to const value, with the value itself
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
     override fun before(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // the initializer value can't refer to the variable itself (recursive definition)
         // TODO: use call graph for this?
-        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexVar?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true) {
+        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true) {
             errors.err("recursive var declaration", decl.position)
             return noModifications
         }
@@ -92,19 +91,6 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                                 decl
                         ))
                     }
-                } else if(arraysize.constIndex()==null) {
-                    // see if we can calculate the size from other fields
-                    try {
-                        val cval =  arraysize.indexVar?.constValue(program) ?: arraysize.origExpression?.constValue(program)
-                        if (cval != null) {
-                            arraysize.indexVar = null
-                            arraysize.origExpression = null
-                            arraysize.indexNum = cval
-                        }
-                    } catch (x: UndefinedSymbolError) {
-                        errors.err(x.message, x.position)
-                        return noModifications
-                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -191,7 +177,7 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                     if(rangeExpr==null && litval!=null) {
                         // arraysize initializer is a single int, and we know the size.
                         val fillvalue = litval.number.toDouble()
-                        if (fillvalue < CompilationTarget.instance.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || fillvalue > CompilationTarget.instance.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE)
+                        if (fillvalue < compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || fillvalue > compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE)
                             errors.err("float value overflow", litval.position)
                         else {
                             // create the array itself, filled with the fillvalue.

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/ExpressionSimplifier.kt

@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ package prog8.optimizer
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.base.IntegerDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.NumericDatatypes
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.log2
 import kotlin.math.pow
@@ -22,7 +25,6 @@ import kotlin.math.pow
 internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
     private val powersOfTwo = (1..16).map { (2.0).pow(it) }.toSet()
     private val negativePowersOfTwo = powersOfTwo.map { -it }.toSet()
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
 
     override fun after(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val mods = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
@@ -488,9 +490,9 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     if(!idt.isKnown)
                         throw FatalAstException("unknown dt")
                     return NumericLiteralValue(idt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), 0, expr.position)
-                } else if (cv == 2.0) {
+                } else if (cv in powersOfTwo) {
                     expr.operator = "&"
-                    expr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, expr.position)
+                    expr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(cv!!.toInt()-1, expr.position)
                     return null
                 }
             }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt

@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
+import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.ErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
 
-internal fun Program.constantFold(errors: ErrorReporter) {
+internal fun Program.constantFold(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
     val valuetypefixer = VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(this, errors)
     valuetypefixer.visit(this)
-    if(errors.isEmpty()) {
+    if(errors.noErrors()) {
         valuetypefixer.applyModifications()
 
-        val replacer = ConstantIdentifierReplacer(this, errors)
+        val replacer = ConstantIdentifierReplacer(this, errors, compTarget)
         replacer.visit(this)
-        if (errors.isEmpty()) {
+        if (errors.noErrors()) {
             replacer.applyModifications()
 
             valuetypefixer.visit(this)
-            if(errors.isEmpty()) {
+            if(errors.noErrors()) {
                 valuetypefixer.applyModifications()
 
-                val optimizer = ConstantFoldingOptimizer(this)
+                val optimizer = ConstantFoldingOptimizer(this, compTarget)
                 optimizer.visit(this)
-                while (errors.isEmpty() && optimizer.applyModifications() > 0) {
+                while (errors.noErrors() && optimizer.applyModifications() > 0) {
                     optimizer.visit(this)
                 }
 
-                if (errors.isEmpty()) {
+                if (errors.noErrors()) {
                     replacer.visit(this)
                     replacer.applyModifications()
                 }
@@ -33,13 +35,15 @@ internal fun Program.constantFold(errors: ErrorReporter) {
         }
     }
 
-    if(errors.isEmpty())
+    if(errors.noErrors())
         modules.forEach { it.linkParents(namespace) }   // re-link in final configuration
 }
 
 
-internal fun Program.optimizeStatements(errors: ErrorReporter): Int {
-    val optimizer = StatementOptimizer(this, errors)
+internal fun Program.optimizeStatements(errors: IErrorReporter,
+                                        functions: IBuiltinFunctions,
+                                        compTarget: ICompilationTarget): Int {
+    val optimizer = StatementOptimizer(this, errors, functions, compTarget)
     optimizer.visit(this)
     val optimizationCount = optimizer.applyModifications()
 
@@ -54,8 +58,8 @@ internal fun Program.simplifyExpressions() : Int {
     return opti.applyModifications()
 }
 
-internal fun Program.splitBinaryExpressions() : Int {
-    val opti = BinExprSplitter(this)
+internal fun Program.splitBinaryExpressions(compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : Int {
+    val opti = BinExprSplitter(this, compTarget)
     opti.visit(this)
     return opti.applyModifications()
 }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/StatementOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,129 +1,92 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
+import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
 import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 import kotlin.math.floor
 
+internal const val retvarName = "prog8_retval"
+
 
 internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
-                                  private val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+                                  private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                                  private val functions: IBuiltinFunctions,
+                                  private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
 
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-    private val callgraph = CallGraph(program)
-    private val pureBuiltinFunctions = BuiltinFunctions.filter { it.value.pure }
+    private val subsThatNeedReturnVariable = mutableSetOf<Triple<INameScope, DataType, Position>>()
 
-    override fun after(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if("force_output" !in block.options()) {
-            if (block.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
-                errors.warn("removing empty block '${block.name}'", block.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as INameScope))
-            }
-
-            if (block !in callgraph.usedSymbols) {
-                errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as INameScope))
-            }
-        }
-        return noModifications
-    }
 
     override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val forceOutput = "force_output" in subroutine.definingBlock().options()
-        if(subroutine.asmAddress==null && !forceOutput) {
-            if(subroutine.containsNoCodeNorVars() && !subroutine.inline) {
-                errors.warn("removing empty subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
-                val removals = callgraph.calledBy.getValue(subroutine).map {
-                    IAstModification.Remove(it, it.definingScope())
-                }.toMutableList()
-                removals += IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, subroutine.definingScope())
-                return removals
-            }
+        for(returnvar in subsThatNeedReturnVariable) {
+            val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, returnvar.second, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, retvarName, null, null, false, true, returnvar.third)
+            returnvar.first.statements.add(0, decl)
         }
-
-        if(subroutine !in callgraph.usedSymbols && !forceOutput) {
-            errors.warn("removing unused subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, subroutine.definingScope()))
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val forceOutput = "force_output" in decl.definingBlock().options()
-        if(decl !in callgraph.usedSymbols && !forceOutput) {
-            if(decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR)
-                errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
-
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(decl, decl.definingScope()))
-        }
-
+        subsThatNeedReturnVariable.clear()
         return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.size==1 && functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0] in BuiltinFunctions) {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.size==1 && functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0] in functions.names) {
             val functionName = functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0]
-            if (functionName in pureBuiltinFunctions) {
+            if (functionName in functions.purefunctionNames) {
                 errors.warn("statement has no effect (function return value is discarded)", functionCallStatement.position)
                 return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope()))
             }
         }
 
         // printing a literal string of just 2 or 1 characters is replaced by directly outputting those characters
-        // this is a C-64 specific optimization
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource==listOf("c64scr", "print")) {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource==listOf("txt", "print")) {
             val arg = functionCallStatement.args.single()
-            val stringVar: IdentifierReference?
-            stringVar = if(arg is AddressOf) {
+            val stringVar: IdentifierReference? = if(arg is AddressOf) {
                 arg.identifier
             } else {
                 arg as? IdentifierReference
             }
             if(stringVar!=null) {
-                val vardecl = stringVar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                val vardecl = stringVar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
                 val string = vardecl.value as? StringLiteralValue
                 if(string!=null) {
                     val pos = functionCallStatement.position
                     if (string.value.length == 1) {
-                        val firstCharEncoded = CompilationTarget.instance.encodeString(string.value, string.altEncoding)[0]
+                        val firstCharEncoded = compTarget.encodeString(string.value, string.altEncoding)[0]
                         val chrout = FunctionCallStatement(
-                                IdentifierReference(listOf("c64", "CHROUT"), pos),
+                                IdentifierReference(listOf("txt", "chrout"), pos),
                                 mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstCharEncoded.toInt(), pos)),
                                 functionCallStatement.void, pos
                         )
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCallStatement, chrout, parent))
                     } else if (string.value.length == 2) {
-                        val firstTwoCharsEncoded = CompilationTarget.instance.encodeString(string.value.take(2), string.altEncoding)
+                        val firstTwoCharsEncoded = compTarget.encodeString(string.value.take(2), string.altEncoding)
                         val chrout1 = FunctionCallStatement(
-                                IdentifierReference(listOf("c64", "CHROUT"), pos),
+                                IdentifierReference(listOf("txt", "chrout"), pos),
                                 mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstTwoCharsEncoded[0].toInt(), pos)),
                                 functionCallStatement.void, pos
                         )
                         val chrout2 = FunctionCallStatement(
-                                IdentifierReference(listOf("c64", "CHROUT"), pos),
+                                IdentifierReference(listOf("txt", "chrout"), pos),
                                 mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstTwoCharsEncoded[1].toInt(), pos)),
                                 functionCallStatement.void, pos
                         )
-                        val anonscope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), pos)
-                        anonscope.statements.add(chrout1)
-                        anonscope.statements.add(chrout2)
-                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCallStatement, anonscope, parent))
+                        return listOf(
+                            IAstModification.InsertBefore(functionCallStatement, chrout1, parent as INameScope),
+                            IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCallStatement, chrout2, parent)
+                        )
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // if the first instruction in the called subroutine is a return statement, remove the jump altogeter
-        val subroutine = functionCallStatement.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
+        val subroutine = functionCallStatement.target.targetSubroutine(program)
         if(subroutine!=null) {
             val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
             if(first is Return)
@@ -135,7 +98,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
 
     override fun before(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // if the first instruction in the called subroutine is a return statement with constant value, replace with the constant value
-        val subroutine = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
+        val subroutine = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program)
         if(subroutine!=null) {
             val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
             if(first is Return && first.value!=null) {
@@ -203,14 +166,14 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(forLoop, scope, parent))
             }
         }
-        val iterable = (forLoop.iterable as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+        val iterable = (forLoop.iterable as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program)
         if(iterable!=null) {
             if(iterable.datatype==DataType.STR) {
                 val sv = iterable.value as StringLiteralValue
                 val size = sv.value.length
                 if(size==1) {
                     // loop over string of length 1 -> just assign the single character
-                    val character = CompilationTarget.instance.encodeString(sv.value, sv.altEncoding)[0]
+                    val character = compTarget.encodeString(sv.value, sv.altEncoding)[0]
                     val byte = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, character, iterable.position)
                     val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), forLoop.position)
                     scope.statements.add(Assignment(AssignTarget(forLoop.loopVar, null, null, forLoop.position), byte, forLoop.position))
@@ -291,22 +254,10 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    override fun after(whenStatement: WhenStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // remove empty choices
-        class ChoiceRemover(val choice: WhenChoice) : IAstModification {
-            override fun perform() {
-                whenStatement.choices.remove(choice)
-            }
-        }
-        return whenStatement.choices
-                .filter { !it.statements.containsCodeOrVars() }
-                .map { ChoiceRemover(it) }
-    }
-
     override fun after(jump: Jump, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // if the jump is to the next statement, remove the jump
         val scope = jump.definingScope()
-        val label = jump.identifier?.targetStatement(scope)
+        val label = jump.identifier?.targetStatement(program)
         if(label!=null && scope.statements.indexOf(label) == scope.statements.indexOf(jump)+1)
             return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(jump, jump.definingScope()))
 
@@ -390,7 +341,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                 // assignments of the form:  X = X <operator> <expr>
                 // remove assignments that have no effect (such as X=X+0)
                 // optimize/rewrite some other expressions
-                val vardeclDt = (assignment.target.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace))?.type
+                val vardeclDt = (assignment.target.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program))?.type
                 when (bexpr.operator) {
                     "+" -> {
                         if (rightCv == 0.0) {
@@ -400,7 +351,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                                 // replace by several INCs if it's not a memory address (inc on a memory mapped register doesn't work very well)
                                 val incs = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), assignment.position)
                                 repeat(rightCv.toInt()) {
-                                    incs.statements.add(PostIncrDecr(assignment.target, "++", assignment.position))
+                                    incs.statements.add(PostIncrDecr(assignment.target.copy(), "++", assignment.position))
                                 }
                                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assignment, incs, parent))
                             }
@@ -414,7 +365,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                                 // replace by several DECs if it's not a memory address (dec on a memory mapped register doesn't work very well)
                                 val decs = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), assignment.position)
                                 repeat(rightCv.toInt()) {
-                                    decs.statements.add(PostIncrDecr(assignment.target, "--", assignment.position))
+                                    decs.statements.add(PostIncrDecr(assignment.target.copy(), "--", assignment.position))
                                 }
                                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assignment, decs, parent))
                             }
@@ -442,21 +393,17 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun after(returnStmt: Return, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        fun returnViaIntermediary(value: Expression): Iterable<IAstModification>? {
-            val returnDt = returnStmt.definingSubroutine()!!.returntypes.single()
+        fun returnViaIntermediaryVar(value: Expression): Iterable<IAstModification>? {
+            val subr = returnStmt.definingSubroutine()!!
+            val returnDt = subr.returntypes.single()
             if (returnDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                // first assign to intermediary, then return that register
-                val returnValueIntermediary =
-                    when(returnDt) {
-                        DataType.UBYTE -> IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_ub"), returnStmt.position)
-                        DataType.BYTE -> IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_b"), returnStmt.position)
-                        DataType.UWORD -> IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_uw"), returnStmt.position)
-                        DataType.WORD -> IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_w"), returnStmt.position)
-                        else -> throw FatalAstException("weird return dt")
-                    }
-                val tgt = AssignTarget(returnValueIntermediary, null, null, returnStmt.position)
+                // first assign to intermediary variable, then return that
+                subsThatNeedReturnVariable.add(Triple(subr, returnDt, returnStmt.position))
+                val returnValueIntermediary1 = IdentifierReference(listOf(retvarName), returnStmt.position)
+                val returnValueIntermediary2 = IdentifierReference(listOf(retvarName), returnStmt.position)
+                val tgt = AssignTarget(returnValueIntermediary1, null, null, returnStmt.position)
                 val assign = Assignment(tgt, value, returnStmt.position)
-                val returnReplacement = Return(returnValueIntermediary, returnStmt.position)
+                val returnReplacement = Return(returnValueIntermediary2, returnStmt.position)
                 return listOf(
                     IAstModification.InsertBefore(returnStmt, assign, parent as INameScope),
                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(returnStmt, returnReplacement, parent)
@@ -467,12 +414,12 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
 
         when(returnStmt.value) {
             is PrefixExpression -> {
-                val mod = returnViaIntermediary(returnStmt.value!!)
+                val mod = returnViaIntermediaryVar(returnStmt.value!!)
                 if(mod!=null)
                     return mod
             }
             is BinaryExpression -> {
-                val mod = returnViaIntermediary(returnStmt.value!!)
+                val mod = returnViaIntermediaryVar(returnStmt.value!!)
                 if(mod!=null)
                     return mod
             }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/SubroutineInliner.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package prog8.optimizer
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+
+
+internal class SubroutineInliner(private val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): AstWalker() {
+    private var callsToInlinedSubroutines = mutableListOf<Pair<IFunctionCall, Node>>()
+
+    fun fixCallsToInlinedSubroutines() {
+        for((call, parent) in callsToInlinedSubroutines) {
+            val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
+            val intermediateReturnValueVar = sub.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().singleOrNull { it.name.endsWith(retvarName) }
+            if(intermediateReturnValueVar!=null) {
+                val scope = parent.definingScope()
+                if(!scope.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().any { it.name==intermediateReturnValueVar.name}) {
+                    val decl = intermediateReturnValueVar.copy()
+                    scope.statements.add(0, decl)
+                    decl.linkParents(scope as Node)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return if(compilerOptions.optimize && subroutine.inline && !subroutine.isAsmSubroutine)
+            annotateInlinedSubroutineIdentifiers(subroutine)
+        else
+            noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return after(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, parent, functionCallStatement.position)
+    }
+
+    override fun after(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return after(functionCall as IFunctionCall, parent, functionCall.position)
+    }
+
+    private fun after(functionCall: IFunctionCall, parent: Node, position: Position): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val sub = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program)
+        if(sub != null && compilerOptions.optimize && sub.inline && !sub.isAsmSubroutine)
+            callsToInlinedSubroutines.add(Pair(functionCall, parent))
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun annotateInlinedSubroutineIdentifiers(sub: Subroutine): List<IAstModification> {
+        // this adds name prefixes to the identifiers used in the subroutine,
+        // so that the statements can be inlined (=copied) in the call site and still reference
+        // the correct symbols as seen from the scope of the subroutine.
+
+        class Annotator: AstWalker() {
+            var numReturns=0
+
+            override fun before(identifier: IdentifierReference, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+                val stmt = identifier.targetStatement(program)!!
+                if(stmt is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder)
+                    return noModifications
+
+                val prefixed = stmt.makeScopedName(identifier.nameInSource.last()).split('.')
+                val withPrefix = IdentifierReference(prefixed, identifier.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(identifier, withPrefix, parent))
+            }
+
+            override fun before(returnStmt: Return, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+                numReturns++
+                if(parent !== sub || sub.indexOfChild(returnStmt)<sub.statements.size-1)
+                    errors.err("return statement must be the very last statement in the inlined subroutine", sub.position)
+                return noModifications
+            }
+
+            fun theModifications(): List<IAstModification> {
+                return this.modifications.map { it.first }.toList()
+            }
+        }
+
+        val annotator = Annotator()
+        sub.accept(annotator, sub.parent)
+        if(annotator.numReturns>1) {
+            errors.err("inlined subroutine can only have one return statement", sub.position)
+            return noModifications
+        }
+        return annotator.theModifications()
+    }
+
+}

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/UnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -1,46 +1,34 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
 import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.ErrorReporter
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.expressions.PrefixExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
 
-internal class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program, private val errors: ErrorReporter): AstWalker() {
+internal class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program,
+                                 private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                                 private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget): AstWalker() {
 
-    override fun before(program: Program, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val callgraph = CallGraph(program)
-        val removals = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+    private val callgraph = CallGraph(program)
 
-        // remove all subroutines that aren't called, or are empty
-        val entrypoint = program.entrypoint()
-        program.modules.forEach {
-            callgraph.forAllSubroutines(it) { sub ->
-                if (sub !== entrypoint && !sub.isAsmSubroutine && (callgraph.calledBy[sub].isNullOrEmpty() || sub.containsNoCodeNorVars())) {
-                    removals.add(IAstModification.Remove(sub, sub.definingScope()))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filterIsInstance<Block>().forEach { block ->
-            if (block.containsNoCodeNorVars() && "force_output" !in block.options())
-                removals.add(IAstModification.Remove(block, block.definingScope()))
-        }
-
-        // remove modules that are not imported, or are empty (unless it's a library modules)
-        program.modules.forEach {
-            if (!it.isLibraryModule && (it.importedBy.isEmpty() || it.containsNoCodeNorVars()))
-                removals.add(IAstModification.Remove(it, it.definingScope()))
-        }
-
-        return removals
+    override fun before(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return if (!module.isLibraryModule && (module.containsNoCodeNorVars() || callgraph.unused(module)))
+            listOf(IAstModification.Remove(module, module.definingScope()))
+        else
+            noModifications
     }
 
-
     override fun before(breakStmt: Break, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         reportUnreachable(breakStmt, parent as INameScope)
         return emptyList()
@@ -75,15 +63,58 @@ internal class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program, private val error
     }
 
     override fun after(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if("force_output" !in block.options()) {
+            if (block.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
+                if(block.name != program.internedStringsModuleName)
+                    errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as INameScope))
+            }
+            if(callgraph.unused(block)) {
+                errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as INameScope))
+            }
+        }
+
         val removeDoubleAssignments = deduplicateAssignments(block.statements)
         return removeDoubleAssignments.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, block) }
     }
 
     override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val forceOutput = "force_output" in subroutine.definingBlock().options()
+        if (subroutine !== program.entrypoint() && !forceOutput && !subroutine.inline && !subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
+            if(callgraph.unused(subroutine)) {
+                if(!subroutine.definingModule().isLibraryModule)
+                    errors.warn("removing unused subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, subroutine.definingScope()))
+            }
+            if(subroutine.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
+                if(!subroutine.definingModule().isLibraryModule)
+                    errors.warn("removing empty subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
+                val removals = mutableListOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, subroutine.definingScope()))
+                callgraph.calledBy[subroutine]?.let {
+                    for(node in it)
+                        removals.add(IAstModification.Remove(node, node.definingScope()))
+                }
+                return removals
+            }
+        }
+
         val removeDoubleAssignments = deduplicateAssignments(subroutine.statements)
         return removeDoubleAssignments.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, subroutine) }
     }
 
+    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val forceOutput = "force_output" in decl.definingBlock().options()
+        if(!forceOutput && !decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && callgraph.unused(decl)) {
+            if(decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && !decl.definingBlock().isInLibrary)
+                errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
+
+            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(decl, decl.definingScope()))
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
     private fun deduplicateAssignments(statements: List<Statement>): List<Assignment> {
         // removes 'duplicate' assignments that assign the same target directly after another
         val linesToRemove = mutableListOf<Assignment>()
@@ -92,7 +123,7 @@ internal class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program, private val error
             val assign1 = stmtPairs[0] as? Assignment
             val assign2 = stmtPairs[1] as? Assignment
             if (assign1 != null && assign2 != null && !assign2.isAugmentable) {
-                if (assign1.target.isSameAs(assign2.target, program) && assign1.target.isInRegularRAM(program.namespace))  {
+                if (assign1.target.isSameAs(assign2.target, program) && compTarget.isInRegularRAM(assign1.target, program))  {
                     if(assign2.target.identifier==null || !assign2.value.referencesIdentifier(*(assign2.target.identifier!!.nameInSource.toTypedArray())))
                         // only remove the second assignment if its value is a simple expression!
                         when(assign2.value) {

compiler/test/UnitTests.kt

@@ -5,19 +5,24 @@ import org.hamcrest.Matchers.closeTo
 import org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
-import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.ParentSentinel
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.compiler.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
-import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition.CX16Zeropage
 import java.io.CharConversionException
+import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.test.*
 
 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
@@ -50,8 +55,8 @@ class TestCompiler {
         assertEquals("-\$c382", (-50050).toHex())
         assertEquals("-\$ffff", (-65535).toHex())
         assertEquals("-\$ffff", (-65535L).toHex())
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { 65536.toHex()  }
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { 65536L.toHex()  }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { 65536.toHex()  }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { 65536L.toHex()  }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -130,7 +135,7 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testNames() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
 
         zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
@@ -143,37 +148,37 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testZpFloatEnable() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
         }
-        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), true, false))
+        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
             zp2.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
         }
-        val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true, false))
+        val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         zp3.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testZpModesWithFloats() {
-        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false))
-        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
-        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
-        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
-        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false))
-        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true, false))
+        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
+        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
+        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
+        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
+        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
+        C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
-            C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), true, false))
+            C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         }
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
-            C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), true, false))
+            C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testZpDontuse() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         println(zp.free)
         assertEquals(0, zp.available())
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
@@ -183,19 +188,19 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testFreeSpaces() {
-        val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false))
+        val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(18, zp1.available())
-        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
-        assertEquals(89, zp2.available())
-        val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
+        assertEquals(85, zp2.available())
+        val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(125, zp3.available())
-        val zp4 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp4 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(238, zp4.available())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testReservedSpace() {
-        val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(238, zp1.available())
         assertTrue(50 in zp1.free)
         assertTrue(100 in zp1.free)
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
         assertTrue(200 in zp1.free)
         assertTrue(255 in zp1.free)
         assertTrue(199 in zp1.free)
-        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, listOf(50 .. 100, 200..255), false, false))
+        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, listOf(50 .. 100, 200..255), false, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(139, zp2.available())
         assertFalse(50 in zp2.free)
         assertFalse(100 in zp2.free)
@@ -217,7 +222,7 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testBasicsafeAllocation() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(18, zp.available())
 
         assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
@@ -240,7 +245,7 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testFullAllocation() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(238, zp.available())
         val loc = zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
         assertTrue(loc > 3)
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testEfficientAllocation() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(),  true, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(),  true, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(18, zp.available())
         assertEquals(0x04, zp.allocate("", DataType.WORD, null, errors))
         assertEquals(0x06, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
@@ -289,7 +294,7 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 
     @Test
     fun testReservedLocations() {
-        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         assertEquals(zp.SCRATCH_REG, zp.SCRATCH_B1+1, "zp _B1 and _REG must be next to each other to create a word")
     }
 }
@@ -299,9 +304,30 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
 class TestCx16Zeropage {
     @Test
     fun testReservedLocations() {
-        val zp = CX16MachineDefinition.CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false))
+        val zp = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
         assertEquals(zp.SCRATCH_REG, zp.SCRATCH_B1+1, "zp _B1 and _REG must be next to each other to create a word")
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testFreeSpaces() {
+        val zp1 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, Cx16Target))
+        assertEquals(88, zp1.available())
+        val zp3 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
+        assertEquals(175, zp3.available())
+        val zp4 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
+        assertEquals(216, zp4.available())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservedSpace() {
+        val zp1 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
+        assertEquals(216, zp1.available())
+        assertTrue(0x22 in zp1.free)
+        assertTrue(0x80 in zp1.free)
+        assertTrue(0xff in zp1.free)
+        assertFalse(0x02 in zp1.free)
+        assertFalse(0x21 in zp1.free)
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -322,8 +348,8 @@ class TestPetscii {
                 listOf<Short>(72, 69, 76, 76, 79, 32, 0xd7, 0xcf, 0xd2, 0xcc, 0xc4, 32, 49, 50, 51, 32, 64, 33, 0x5c)))
         assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("\uf11a", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0x12)))   // reverse vid
         assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("✓", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0xfa)))
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodePetscii("π", true) }
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodePetscii("♥", true) }
+        assertThat("expect lowercase error fallback", Petscii.encodePetscii("π", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(255)))
+        assertThat("expect lowercase error fallback", Petscii.encodePetscii("♥", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0xd3)))
 
         assertThat(Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(72, 0xd7, 0x5c, 0xfa, 0x12), true), equalTo("hW£✓\uF11A"))
         assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(-1), true) }
@@ -337,7 +363,7 @@ class TestPetscii {
         assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("\uf11a"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0x12)))   // reverse vid
         assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("♥"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0xd3)))
         assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("π"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0xff)))
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodePetscii("✓") }
+        assertThat("expecting fallback", Petscii.encodePetscii("✓"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(250)))
 
         assertThat(Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(72, 0x5c, 0xd3, 0xff)), equalTo("H£♥π"))
         assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(-1)) }
@@ -350,8 +376,8 @@ class TestPetscii {
                 listOf<Short>(0x08, 0x05, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x4f, 0x52, 0x4c, 0x44, 0x20, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x20, 0x00, 0x21, 0x1c)
         ))
         assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0x7a)))
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥", true) }
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodeScreencode("π", true) }
+        assertThat("expect fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(83)))
+        assertThat("expect fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("π", true), equalTo(listOf<Short>(94)))
 
         assertThat(Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(0x08, 0x57, 0x1c, 0x7a), true), equalTo("hW£✓"))
         assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(-1), true) }
@@ -364,8 +390,9 @@ class TestPetscii {
                 listOf<Short>(0x17, 0x0f, 0x12, 0x0c, 0x04, 0x20, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x20, 0x00, 0x21, 0x1c)))
         assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0x53)))
         assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("π"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(0x5e)))
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓") }
-        assertFailsWith<CharConversionException> { Petscii.encodeScreencode("hello") }
+        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("HELLO"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(8, 5, 12, 12, 15)))
+        assertThat("expecting fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("hello"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(8, 5, 12, 12, 15)))
+        assertThat("expecting fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓"), equalTo(listOf<Short>(122)))
 
         assertThat(Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(0x17, 0x1c, 0x53, 0x5e)), equalTo("W£♥π"))
         assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(-1)) }
@@ -401,74 +428,77 @@ class TestPetscii {
 
 
 class TestMemory {
+    private class DummyFunctions: IBuiltinFunctions {
+        override val names: Set<String> = emptySet()
+        override val purefunctionNames: Set<String> = emptySet()
+        override fun constValue(name: String, args: List<Expression>, position: Position, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue? = null
+        override fun returnType(name: String, args: MutableList<Expression>) = InferredTypes.InferredType.unknown()
+    }
+
+    private class DummyMemsizer: IMemSizer {
+        override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int = 0
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_memory_addresses() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
 
         var memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x0000, Position.DUMMY)
         var target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        var scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x1000, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x9fff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xc000, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xcfff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNotInValidRamC64_memory_addresses() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
 
         var memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xa000, Position.DUMMY)
         var target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        var scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xafff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xd000, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xffff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_memory_identifiers() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         var target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0x1000, VarDeclType.VAR)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
         target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0xd020, VarDeclType.VAR)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
         target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0x1000, VarDeclType.CONST)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
         target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0xd020, VarDeclType.CONST)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
         target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0x1000, VarDeclType.MEMORY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -478,89 +508,95 @@ class TestMemory {
         val target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
         return target
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_memory_expression() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val memexpr = PrefixExpression("+", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x1000, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(scope))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_variable() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, null, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(module), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_memmap_variable() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val address = 0x1000
         val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(module), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNotInValidRamC64_memmap_variable() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val address = 0xd020
         val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(module), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_array() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, null, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
         val arrayindexed = ArrayIndexedExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, arrayindexed, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(module), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testInValidRamC64_array_memmapped() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val address = 0x1000
         val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, Position.DUMMY)
         val arrayindexed = ArrayIndexedExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, arrayindexed, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(module), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        assertTrue(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNotValidRamC64_array_memmapped() {
-        CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
         val address = 0xe000
         val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, Position.DUMMY)
         val arrayindexed = ArrayIndexedExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, arrayindexed, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        subroutine.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAM(target.definingScope()))
+        val module = Module("test", mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, false, Path.of(""))
+        val program = Program("test", mutableListOf(module), DummyFunctions(), DummyMemsizer())
+        module.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        assertFalse(C64Target.isInRegularRAM(target, program))
     }
 }

compiler/test/arithmetic/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.PHONY: all clean test
+
+all: test
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.prg *.asm *.vice-*
+
+test: clean
+	p8compile -target cx16 *.p8 >/dev/null
+	for program in *.prg; do \
+		echo "RUNNING:" $$program ; \
+		x16emu -run -prg $$program >/dev/null ; \
+	done

compiler/test/comparisons/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+.PHONY: all clean test
+
+all: test
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.prg *.asm *.vice-* test_*.p8
+
+test: clean generate test_prgs
+
+generate:
+	python make_tests.py
+	p8compile -noopt -target cx16 *.p8 >/dev/null
+
+test_prgs:
+	for program in *.prg; do \
+		echo "RUNNING:" $$program ; \
+		x16emu -run -prg $$program >/dev/null ; \
+	done

compiler/test/comparisons/make_tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+# generates various Prog8 files with a huge amount of number comparion tests,
+# for all supported datatypes and all comparison operators.
+
+import sys
+
+index = 0
+
+
+def minmaxvalues(dt):
+    if dt == "ubyte":
+        return 0, 255
+    elif dt == "uword":
+        return 0, 65535
+    elif dt == "byte":
+        return -128, 127
+    elif dt == "word":
+        return -32768, 32767
+    elif dt == "float":
+        return -99999999, 99999999
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(dt)
+
+
+def gen_test(dt, comparison, left, right, expected):
+    global index
+    etxt = f"{left} {comparison} {right}"
+    if eval(etxt) != expected:
+        raise ValueError("invalid comparison: "+etxt+" for "+dt)
+    if expected:
+        stmt_ok = lambda ix: "num_successes++"
+        stmt_else = lambda ix: f"error({ix})"
+    else:
+        stmt_ok = lambda ix: f"error({ix})"
+        stmt_else = lambda ix: "num_successes++"
+
+    def c(number):
+        if dt not in ("byte", "ubyte"):
+            return f"({number} as {dt})"
+        return str(number)
+
+    print(
+f"""        left = {c(left)}
+        right = {c(right)}
+"""
+    )
+
+    # const <op> const
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if {c(left)} {comparison} {c(right)} {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # const <op> var
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if {c(left)} {comparison} right {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # const <op> expr
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if {c(left)} {comparison} right+zero {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # var <op> const
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if left {comparison} {c(right)} {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # var <op> var
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if left {comparison} right {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # var <op> expr
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if left {comparison} right+zero {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # expr <op> const
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if left+zero {comparison} {c(right)} {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # expr <op> var
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if left+zero {comparison} right {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+    # expr <op> expr
+    index += 1
+    print(
+f"""        ; test #{index}
+        if left+zero {comparison} right+zero {{
+            {stmt_ok(index)}
+        }} else {{
+            {stmt_else(index)}
+        }}
+""")
+
+
+def gen_comp_header(dt, operator):
+    print("        ; tests: ", dt, operator)
+    print("        comparison = \""+operator+"\"")
+    print("        txt.print(datatype)")
+    print("        txt.spc()")
+    print("        txt.print(comparison)")
+    print("        txt.nl()")
+
+
+def gen_comp_equal(dt):
+    minval, maxval = minmaxvalues(dt)
+    gen_comp_header(dt, "==")
+    gen_test(dt, "==", 0, 0, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", 0, 1, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", 100, 100, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", 100, 101, False)
+    if maxval >= 200:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 200, 200, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 200, 201, False)
+    if maxval >= 9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 9999, 9999, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 9999, 10000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0x5000, 0x5000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0x5000, 0x5001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0x5000, 0x4fff, False)
+    if maxval >= 30000:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 30000, 30000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 30000, 30001, False)
+    if maxval >= 40000:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0xf000, 0xf000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0xf000, 0xf001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0xf000, 0xffff, False)
+    if minval < 0:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", 0, -1, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -100, -100, True)
+    if minval < -200:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -200, -200, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -200, -201, False)
+    if minval < -9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -0x5000, -0x5000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -0x5000, -0x5001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -0x5000, -0x4fff, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -9999, -9999, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "==", -9999, -10000, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", minval, minval, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", minval, minval+1, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", maxval, maxval, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "==", maxval, maxval-1, False)
+
+
+def gen_comp_notequal(dt):
+    minval, maxval = minmaxvalues(dt)
+    gen_comp_header(dt, "!=")
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", 0, 0, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", 0, 1, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", 100, 100, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", 100, 101, True)
+    if maxval >= 200:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 200, 200, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 200, 201, True)
+    if maxval >= 9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 9999, 9999, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 9999, 10000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0x5000, 0x5000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0x5000, 0x5001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0x5000, 0x4fff, True)
+    if maxval >= 30000:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 30000, 30000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 30000, 30001, True)
+    if maxval >= 40000:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0xf000, 0xf000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0xf000, 0xf001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0xf000, 0xffff, True)
+    if minval < 0:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", 0, -1, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -100, -100, False)
+    if minval < -200:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -200, -200, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -200, -201, True)
+    if minval < -9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -0x5000, -0x5000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -0x5000, -0x5001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -0x5000, -0x4fff, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -9999, -9999, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "!=", -9999, -10000, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", minval, minval, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", minval, minval+1, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", maxval, maxval, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "!=", maxval, maxval-1, True)
+
+
+def gen_comp_less(dt):
+    minval, maxval = minmaxvalues(dt)
+    gen_comp_header(dt, "<")
+    gen_test(dt, "<", 0, 0, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "<", 0, 1, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "<", 100, 100, False)
+    gen_test(dt, "<", 100, 101, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "<", 100, 99, False)
+    if maxval >= 200:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 200, 200, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 200, 201, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 200, 199, False)
+    if maxval >= 9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 9999, 9999, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 9999, 10000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 9999, 9998, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0x5000, 0x5000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0x5000, 0x5001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0x5000, 0x4fff, False)
+    if maxval >= 30000:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 30000, 30000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 30000, 30001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 30000, 29999, False)
+    if maxval >= 40000:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0xf000, 0xf000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0xf000, 0xf001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0xf000, 0xefff, False)
+    if minval < 0:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", 0, -1, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -100, -100, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -100, -101, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -100, -99, True)
+    if minval < -200:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -200, -200, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -200, -201, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -200, -199, True)
+    if minval < -9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -0x5000, -0x5000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -0x5000, -0x5001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -0x5000, -0x4fff, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -9999, -9999, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -9999, -10000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<", -9999, -9998, True)
+
+
+def gen_comp_greater(dt):
+    minval, maxval = minmaxvalues(dt)
+    gen_comp_header(dt, ">")
+    gen_test(dt, ">", 0, 0, False)
+    gen_test(dt, ">", 0, 1, False)
+    gen_test(dt, ">", 100, 100, False)
+    gen_test(dt, ">", 100, 101, False)
+    gen_test(dt, ">", 100, 99, True)
+    if maxval >= 200:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 200, 200, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 200, 201, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 200, 199, True)
+    if maxval >= 9999:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 9999, 9999, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 9999, 10000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 9999, 9998, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0x5000, 0x5000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0x5000, 0x5001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0x5000, 0x4fff, True)
+    if maxval >= 30000:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 30000, 30000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 30000, 30001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 30000, 29999, True)
+    if maxval >= 40000:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0xf000, 0xf000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0xf000, 0xf001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0xf000, 0xefff, True)
+    if minval < 0:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", 0, -1, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -100, -100, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -100, -101, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -100, -99, False)
+    if minval < -200:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -200, -200, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -200, -201, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -200, -199, False)
+    if minval < -9999:
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -0x5000, -0x5000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -0x5000, -0x5001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -0x5000, -0x4fff, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -9999, -9999, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -9999, -10000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">", -9999, -9998, False)
+
+
+def gen_comp_lessequal(dt):
+    minval, maxval = minmaxvalues(dt)
+    gen_comp_header(dt, "<=")
+    gen_test(dt, "<=", 0, 0, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "<=", 0, 1, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "<=", 100, 100, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "<=", 100, 101, True)
+    gen_test(dt, "<=", 100, 99, False)
+    if maxval >= 200:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 200, 200, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 200, 201, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 200, 199, False)
+    if maxval >= 9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 9999, 9999, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 9999, 10000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 9999, 9998, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0x5000, 0x5000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0x5000, 0x5001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0x5000, 0x4fff, False)
+    if maxval >= 30000:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 30000, 30000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 30000, 30001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 30000, 29999, False)
+    if maxval >= 40000:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0xf000, 0xf000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0xf000, 0xf001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0xf000, 0xefff, False)
+    if minval < 0:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", 0, -1, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -100, -100, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -100, -101, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -100, -99, True)
+    if minval < -200:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -200, -200, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -200, -201, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -200, -199, True)
+    if minval < -9999:
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -0x5000, -0x5000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -0x5000, -0x5001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -0x5000, -0x4fff, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -9999, -9999, True)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -9999, -10000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, "<=", -9999, -9998, True)
+
+
+def gen_comp_greaterequal(dt):
+    minval, maxval = minmaxvalues(dt)
+    gen_comp_header(dt, ">=")
+    gen_test(dt, ">=", 0, 0, True)
+    gen_test(dt, ">=", 0, 1, False)
+    gen_test(dt, ">=", 100, 100, True)
+    gen_test(dt, ">=", 100, 101, False)
+    gen_test(dt, ">=", 100, 99, True)
+    if maxval >= 200:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 200, 200, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 200, 201, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 200, 199, True)
+    if maxval >= 9999:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 9999, 9999, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 9999, 10000, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 9999, 9998, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0x5000, 0x5000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0x5000, 0x5001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0x5000, 0x4fff, True)
+    if maxval >= 30000:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 30000, 30000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 30000, 30001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 30000, 29999, True)
+    if maxval >= 40000:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0xf000, 0xf000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0xf000, 0xf001, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0xf000, 0xefff, True)
+    if minval < 0:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", 0, -1, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -100, -100, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -100, -101, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -100, -99, False)
+    if minval < -200:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -200, -200, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -200, -201, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -200, -199, False)
+    if minval < -9999:
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -0x5000, -0x5000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -0x5000, -0x5001, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -0x5000, -0x4fff, False)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -9999, -9999, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -9999, -10000, True)
+        gen_test(dt, ">=", -9999, -9998, False)
+
+
+def generate_test_routine_equalsnotequals(dt):
+    print(f"""
+    sub test_comparisons() {{
+        {dt}  left
+        {dt}  right
+        {dt}  zero = 0
+""")
+    gen_comp_equal(dt)
+    gen_comp_notequal(dt)
+    print("    }")
+
+
+def generate_test_routine_lessgreater(dt):
+    print(f"""
+    sub test_comparisons() {{
+        {dt}  left
+        {dt}  right
+        {dt}  zero = 0
+""")
+    gen_comp_less(dt)
+    gen_comp_greater(dt)
+    print("    }")
+
+
+def generate_test_routine_lessequalsgreaterequals(dt):
+    print(f"""
+    sub test_comparisons() {{
+        {dt}  left
+        {dt}  right
+        {dt}  zero = 0
+""")
+    gen_comp_lessequal(dt)
+    gen_comp_greaterequal(dt)
+    print("    }")
+
+
+def generate(dt, operators):
+    global index
+    index = 0
+    print(f"""
+%import textio
+%import floats
+%import test_stack
+%zeropage basicsafe
+
+main {{
+    uword num_errors = 0
+    uword num_successes = 0
+    str datatype = "{dt}"
+    uword comparison
+
+    sub start() {{
+        test_comparisons()
+        print_results()
+        test_stack.test()
+    }}
+
+    sub error(uword index) {{
+        txt.print(" ! error in test ")
+        txt.print_uw(index)
+        txt.chrout(' ')
+        txt.print(datatype)
+        txt.chrout(' ')
+        txt.print(comparison)
+        txt.nl()
+        num_errors++
+    }}
+""")
+
+    if operators=="eq":
+        generate_test_routine_equalsnotequals(dt)
+    elif operators=="lt":
+        generate_test_routine_lessgreater(dt)
+    elif operators=="lteq":
+        generate_test_routine_lessequalsgreaterequals(dt)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(operators)
+
+    print(f"""
+    sub print_results() {{
+        txt.nl()
+        txt.print("total {index}: ")
+        txt.print_uw(num_successes)
+        txt.print(" good, ")
+        txt.print_uw(num_errors)
+        txt.print(" errors!\\n")
+    }}
+}}
+""")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    for dt in ["ubyte", "uword", "byte", "word", "float"]:
+        sys.stdout = open(f"test_{dt}_eq.p8", "wt")
+        generate(dt, "eq")
+        sys.stdout = open(f"test_{dt}_lt.p8", "wt")
+        generate(dt, "lt")
+        sys.stdout = open(f"test_{dt}_lteq.p8", "wt")
+        generate(dt, "lteq")

compiler/test/performance/perf10.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy10 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy10num) {
         number = 1
         planet10.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy10num-1 {
             nextgalaxy10()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy10() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -576,8 +580,10 @@ galaxy10 {
             planet10.species_look = (seed2_msb ^ msb(seed[1])) & 7   ;bits 0-2 of (w0_hi EOR w1_hi)
             planet10.species_kind = (planet10.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
-
-        planet10.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet10.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet10.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet10.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet10.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf2.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy2 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy2num) {
         number = 1
         planet2.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy2num-1 {
             nextgalaxy2()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy2() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy2 {
             planet2.species_kind = (planet2.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet2.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet2.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet2.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet2.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet2.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf3.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy3 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy3num) {
         number = 1
         planet3.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy3num-1 {
             nextgalaxy3()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy3() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy3 {
             planet3.species_kind = (planet3.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet3.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet3.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet3.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet3.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet3.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf4.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy4 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy4num) {
         number = 1
         planet4.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy4num-1 {
             nextgalaxy4()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy4() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy4 {
             planet4.species_kind = (planet4.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet4.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet4.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet4.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet4.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet4.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf5.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy5 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy5num) {
         number = 1
         planet5.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy5num-1 {
             nextgalaxy5()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy5() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy5 {
             planet5.species_kind = (planet5.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet5.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet5.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet5.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet5.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet5.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf6.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy6 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy6num) {
         number = 1
         planet6.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy6num-1 {
             nextgalaxy6()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy6() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy6 {
             planet6.species_kind = (planet6.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet6.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet6.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet6.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet6.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet6.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf7.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy7 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy7num) {
         number = 1
         planet7.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy7num-1 {
             nextgalaxy7()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy7() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy7 {
             planet7.species_kind = (planet7.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet7.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet7.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet7.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet7.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet7.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf8.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy8 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy8num) {
         number = 1
         planet8.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy8num-1 {
             nextgalaxy8()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy8() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -577,7 +581,10 @@ galaxy8 {
             planet8.species_kind = (planet8.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet8.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet8.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet8.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet8.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet8.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perf9.p8

@@ -396,14 +396,18 @@ galaxy9 {
     sub init(ubyte galaxy9num) {
         number = 1
         planet9.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxy9num-1 {
             nextgalaxy9()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy9() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -576,8 +580,10 @@ galaxy9 {
             planet9.species_look = (seed2_msb ^ msb(seed[1])) & 7   ;bits 0-2 of (w0_hi EOR w1_hi)
             planet9.species_kind = (planet9.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
-
-        planet9.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet9.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet9.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet9.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet9.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compiler/test/performance/perftest.p8

@@ -406,14 +406,18 @@ galaxy {
     sub init(ubyte galaxynum) {
         number = 1
         planet.number = 255
-        seed = [base0, base1, base2]
+        seed[0] = base0
+        seed[1] = base1
+        seed[2] = base2
         repeat galaxynum-1 {
             nextgalaxy()
         }
     }
 
     sub nextgalaxy() {
-        seed = [twist(seed[0]), twist(seed[1]), twist(seed[2])]
+        seed[0] = twist(seed[0])
+        seed[1] = twist(seed[1])
+        seed[2] = twist(seed[2])
         number++
         if number==9
             number = 1
@@ -587,7 +591,10 @@ galaxy {
             planet.species_kind = (planet.species_look + (seed2_msb & 3)) & 7      ;Add bits 0-1 of w2_hi to A from previous step, and take bits 0-2 of the result
         }
 
-        planet.goatsoup_seed = [lsb(seed[1]), msb(seed[1]), lsb(seed[2]), seed2_msb]
+        planet.goatsoup_seed[0] = lsb(seed[1])
+        planet.goatsoup_seed[1] = msb(seed[1])
+        planet.goatsoup_seed[2] = lsb(seed[2])
+        planet.goatsoup_seed[3] = seed2_msb
     }
 
     sub tweakseed() {

compilerAst/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+plugins {
+    id 'antlr'
+    id 'java'
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.4.32"
+}
+
+targetCompatibility = 11
+sourceCompatibility = 11
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+
+configurations {
+    // strange antlr plugin issue, see https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/820
+    // this avoids linking in the complete antlr binary jar
+    compile {
+        extendsFrom = extendsFrom.findAll { it != configurations.antlr }
+    }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    antlr 'org.antlr:antlr4:4.9'
+    implementation 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.9'
+    implementation project(':parser')
+
+//    antlr('org.antlr:antlr4:4.9') {
+//        exclude group: 'com.ibm.icu', module: 'icu4j'
+//    }
+}
+
+compileKotlin {
+    kotlinOptions {
+        jvmTarget = "11"
+        useIR = true
+        // verbose = true
+        // freeCompilerArgs += "-XXLanguage:+NewInference"
+    }
+}
+
+compileTestKotlin {
+    kotlinOptions {
+        jvmTarget = "11"
+        useIR = true
+    }
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/src"]
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
+        }
+    }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/test"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
+    gradleVersion = '6.7'
+}

compilerAst/compilerAst.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="openjdk-11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="parser" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="antlr-runtime-4.9" level="project" />
+  </component>
+</module>

compilerAst/src/prog8/ast/AstToSourceCode.kt

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.NumericDatatypes
 import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+
 
 class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
     private var scopelevel = 0
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program):
 
         output(datatypeString(decl.datatype))
         if(decl.arraysize!=null) {
-            decl.arraysize!!.indexNum?.accept(this)
-            decl.arraysize!!.indexVar?.accept(this)
+            decl.arraysize!!.indexExpr.accept(this)
         }
         if(decl.isArray)
             output("]")
@@ -138,8 +137,11 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program):
 
     override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
         output("\n")
+        outputi("")
+        if(subroutine.inline)
+            output("inline ")
         if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            outputi("asmsub ${subroutine.name} (")
+            output("asmsub ${subroutine.name} (")
             for(param in subroutine.parameters.zip(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters)) {
                 val reg =
                         when {
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program):
             }
         }
         else {
-            outputi("sub ${subroutine.name} (")
+            output("sub ${subroutine.name} (")
             for(param in subroutine.parameters) {
                 output("${datatypeString(param.type)} ${param.name}")
                 if(param!==subroutine.parameters.last())
@@ -365,8 +367,7 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program):
     override fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
         arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.accept(this)
         output("[")
-        arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexNum?.accept(this)
-        arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexVar?.accept(this)
+        arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr.accept(this)
         output("]")
     }
 
@@ -413,10 +414,6 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program):
         outputlni("}}")
     }
 
-    override fun visit(builtinFunctionStatementPlaceholder: BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
-        output(builtinFunctionStatementPlaceholder.name)
-    }
-
     override fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement) {
         output("when ")
         whenStatement.condition.accept(this)