symboldumps

added paypal sponsor link

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #github: # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2]
 #patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
-open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
+#open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
 ko_fi: irmen
 #tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
 #community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ ko_fi: irmen
 #otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
 #lfx_crowdfunding: # Replace with a single LFX Crowdfunding project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
 #custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']
+custom: ['https://paypal.me/irmendejong']

.gitignore

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 .idea/workspace.xml
 .idea/discord.xml
 .idea/developer-tools.xml
+.idea/usage.statistics.xml
+.idea/shelf/
 build/
 dist/
 output/
+out/
 .*cache/
 *.directory
 *.prg
@@ -12,7 +15,6 @@ output/
 *.vm.txt
 *.vice-mon-list
 docs/build
-out/
 parser/**/*.interp
 parser/**/*.tokens
 parser/**/*.java
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ compiler/src/prog8/buildversion/*
 .eggs/
 /MANIFEST
 .tox/
+.kotlin/
 __pycache__/
 parser.out
 parsetab.py
@@ -31,7 +34,6 @@ parsetab.py
 compiler/lib/
 
 .gradle
-/prog8compiler.jar
 sd*.img
 *.d64
 

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
+  <component name="Kotlin2JsCompilerArguments">
+    <option name="moduleKind" value="plain" />
+  </component>
   <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
     <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
   </component>
-  <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
-    <option name="version" value="1.9.24" />
+  <component name="KotlinCommonCompilerArguments">
+    <option name="apiVersion" value="2.1" />
+    <option name="languageVersion" value="2.1" />
   </component>
-</project>
+  <component name="KotlinCompilerSettings">
+    <option name="additionalArguments" value="-Xwhen-guards" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
+    <option name="version" value="2.1.10" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/libraries/KotlinJavaRuntime.xml

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="KotlinJavaRuntime" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:2.0.20" />
+    <properties maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:2.1.10" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.0.20.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-2.0.20.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.1.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-2.1.10.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.0.20.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.1.10.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.0.20-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-2.0.20-javadoc.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.1.10-javadoc.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-2.1.10-javadoc.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-javadoc.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.0.20-javadoc.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.1.10-javadoc.jar!/" />
     </JAVADOC>
     <SOURCES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.0.20-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-2.0.20-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-2.1.10-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-2.1.10-sources.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-sources.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.0.20/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.0.20-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/2.1.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-2.1.10-sources.jar!/" />
     </SOURCES>
   </library>
 </component>

.idea/libraries/eclipse_lsp4j.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="eclipse.lsp4j" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.eclipse.lsp4j:org.eclipse.lsp4j:0.23.1" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/lsp4j/org.eclipse.lsp4j/0.23.1/org.eclipse.lsp4j-0.23.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/lsp4j/org.eclipse.lsp4j.jsonrpc/0.23.1/org.eclipse.lsp4j.jsonrpc-0.23.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/google/code/gson/gson/2.11.0/gson-2.11.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/google/errorprone/error_prone_annotations/2.27.0/error_prone_annotations-2.27.0.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/michael_bull_kotlin_result_jvm.xml

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.0" />
+    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.1" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.0.0/kotlin-result-jvm-2.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.0.1/kotlin-result-jvm-2.0.1.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.22/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.22.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.0.0/kotlin-result-jvm-2.0.0-javadoc.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.0.1/kotlin-result-jvm-2.0.1-javadoc.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.22/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.22-javadoc.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-javadoc.jar!/" />
     </JAVADOC>
     <SOURCES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.0.0/kotlin-result-jvm-2.0.0-sources.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/2.0.1/kotlin-result-jvm-2.0.1-sources.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.22/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.22-sources.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0-sources.jar!/" />
     </SOURCES>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
     <option name="perGrammarGenerationSettings">
       <list>
         <PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
-          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/Prog8ANTLR.g4" />
+          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/src/main/antlr/Prog8ANTLR.g4" />
           <option name="autoGen" value="true" />
           <option name="outputDir" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/src/prog8/parser" />
           <option name="libDir" value="" />
           <option name="encoding" value="" />
           <option name="pkg" value="" />
-          <option name="language" value="" />
+          <option name="language" value="Java" />
           <option name="generateListener" value="false" />
         </PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
       </list>
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
     <type id="Python" />
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_17" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-17" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 <project version="4">
   <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
     <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/beanshell/beanshell.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/beanshell/beanshell.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" />
@@ -12,10 +14,10 @@
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/prog8.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/prog8.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" />
     </modules>
   </component>
-</project>
+</project>

Makefile

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 all:
 	gradle installdist installshadowdist
-	@echo "compiler launch script can be found here: compiler/build/install/compiler-shadow/bin/p8compile"
+	@echo "compiler launch script can be found here: compiler/build/install/compiler-shadow/bin/prog8c"
 
 test:
 	gradle build
-	@echo "compiler launch script can be found here: compiler/build/install/compiler-shadow/bin/p8compile"
+	@echo "compiler launch script can be found here: compiler/build/install/compiler-shadow/bin/prog8c"
 

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 [![ko-fi](https://ko-fi.com/img/githubbutton_sm.svg)](https://ko-fi.com/H2H6S0FFF)
+
+PayPal: [![PayPal](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif)](https://paypal.me/irmendejong)
+
 [![Documentation](https://readthedocs.org/projects/prog8/badge/?version=latest)](https://prog8.readthedocs.io/)
 
 Prog8 - Structured Programming Language for 8-bit 6502/65c02 microprocessors
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ which aims to provide many conveniences over raw assembly code (even when using
 
 This project was created over the last couple of years by dedicating thousands of hours of my free time to it, to make it the best I possibly can.
 If you like Prog8, and think it's worth a nice cup of hot coffee or a delicious pizza, 
-you can help me out a little bit over at [ko-fi.com/irmen](https://ko-fi.com/irmen). 
+you can help me out a little bit over at [ko-fi.com/irmen](https://ko-fi.com/irmen) or [PayPal](https://paypal.me/irmendejong)
 
 
 Documentation
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ What does Prog8 provide?
 - modularity, symbol scoping, subroutines. No need for forward declarations.
 - various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, floats, strings)
 - floating point math is supported on certain targets
+- access to most Kernal ROM routines as external subroutine definitions you can call normally
 - strings can contain escaped characters but also many symbols directly if they have a petscii equivalent, such as "♠♥♣♦π▚●○╳". Characters like ^, _, \, {, } and | are also accepted and converted to the closest petscii equivalents.
 - automatic static variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
 - high-level program optimizations
@@ -66,11 +70,15 @@ What does Prog8 provide?
 - conditional branches that map 1:1 to cpu status flags
 - ``when`` statement to provide a concise jump table alternative to if/elseif chains
 - ``in`` expression for concise and efficient multi-value/containment check 
+- ``defer`` statement to help write concise and robust subroutine cleanup logic
 - several specialized built-in functions such as ``lsb``, ``msb``, ``min``, ``max``, ``rol``, ``ror``
 - various powerful built-in libraries to do I/O, number conversions, graphics and more  
+- subroutines can return more than one result value
 - inline assembly allows you to have full control when every cycle or byte matters
 - supports the sixteen 'virtual' 16-bit registers R0 - R15 from the Commander X16 (also available on other targets)
 - encode strings and characters into petscii or screencodes or even other encodings
+- Automatic ROM/RAM bank switching on certain compiler targets when calling routines in other banks
+- 50 Kb of available program RAM size on the C64 by default; because Basic ROM is banked out altogether 
 
 *Rapid edit-compile-run-debug cycle:*
 
@@ -81,11 +89,12 @@ What does Prog8 provide?
 
 *Multiple supported compiler targets* (contributions to improve these or to add support for other machines are welcome!):
 
+- "cx16": [CommanderX16](https://www.commanderx16.com)  (65c02 CPU)
 - "c64": Commodore-64  (6502 like CPU)
 - "c128": Commodore-128  (6502 like CPU - the Z80 cpu mode is not supported)
-- "cx16": [CommanderX16](https://www.commanderx16.com)  (65c02 CPU)
-- "pet32": Commodore PET (experimental)
+- "pet32": Commodore PET (limited support)
 - "atari": Atari 8 bit such as 800XL (experimental)
+- "neo": Neo6502 (experimental)
 - If you only use standard kernal and prog8 library routines, it is possible to compile the *exact same program* for different machines (just change the compiler target flag)
 
 

beanshell/beanshell.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module-library">
+      <library>
+        <CLASSES>
+          <root url="jar://$MODULE_DIR$/lib/bsh-3.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar!/" />
+        </CLASSES>
+        <JAVADOC />
+        <SOURCES />
+      </library>
+    </orderEntry>
+  </component>
+</module>

beanshell/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+plugins {
+    id("application")
+    kotlin("jvm")
+}
+
+val serverMainClassName = "prog8lsp.MainKt"
+val applicationName = "prog8-beanshell"
+
+application {
+    mainClass.set(serverMainClassName)
+    description = "Code completions, diagnostics and more for Prog8"
+    // applicationDefaultJvmArgs = listOf("-DkotlinLanguageServer.version=$version")
+    applicationDistribution.into("bin") {
+        filePermissions {
+            user {
+                read=true
+                execute=true
+                write=true
+            }
+            other.execute = true
+            group.execute = true
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(files("lib/bsh-3.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar"))
+}
+
+configurations.forEach { config ->
+    config.resolutionStrategy {
+        preferProjectModules()
+    }
+}
+
+sourceSets.main {
+    java.srcDir("src")
+    resources.srcDir("resources")
+}
+
+tasks.startScripts {
+    applicationName = "prog8-beanshell"
+}
+
+tasks.register<Exec>("fixFilePermissions") {
+    // When running on macOS or Linux the start script
+    // needs executable permissions to run.
+
+    onlyIf { !System.getProperty("os.name").lowercase().contains("windows") }
+    commandLine("chmod", "+x", "${tasks.installDist.get().destinationDir}/bin/prog8-beanshell")
+}
+
+tasks.installDist {
+    finalizedBy("fixFilePermissions")
+}
+
+tasks.build {
+    finalizedBy("installDist")
+}

beanshell/src/prog8beanshell/CommandLineReader.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package prog8beanshell
+
+import java.io.FilterReader
+import java.io.Reader
+
+
+class CommandLineReader(val input: Reader): FilterReader(input)  {
+    private val normal = 0
+    private val lastCharNL = 1
+    private val sentSemi = 2
+    private var state = lastCharNL
+
+    override fun read(): Int {
+        if (state == sentSemi) {
+            this.state = lastCharNL
+            return 10
+        } else {
+            var b = input.read()
+            while(b==13) b = input.read()
+
+            if (b == 10) {
+                if (this.state == lastCharNL) {
+                    b = 59
+                    this.state = sentSemi
+                } else {
+                    this.state = lastCharNL
+                }
+            } else {
+                this.state = normal
+            }
+
+            return b
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    override fun read(buff: CharArray, off: Int, len: Int): Int {
+        val b = read()
+        if (b == -1) {
+            return -1
+        } else {
+            buff[off] = b.toChar()
+            return 1
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+

beanshell/src/prog8beanshell/Main.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package prog8beanshell
+
+import bsh.FileReader
+import bsh.Interpreter
+
+
+class BeanshellInterpreter {
+
+    fun run(symbols: Map<String, Any>) {
+        val interpreter = Interpreter(CommandLineReader(FileReader(System.`in`)), System.out, System.err, true)
+        interpreter.setExitOnEOF(false)
+        symbols.forEach { (name, value) -> interpreter.set(name, value) }
+        interpreter.run()
+    }
+}
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>) {
+    val i = BeanshellInterpreter()
+    i.run(mapOf(
+        "env" to System.getenv(),
+        "args" to args
+    ))
+}

benchmark-program/Makefile

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-.PHONY:  all clean emu
+.PHONY:  clean run
 
-all:  benchmark.prg
+run:
+	prog8c -target cx16 benchmark.p8
+	x16emu -run -prg benchmark.prg -warp
 
 clean:
 	rm -f *.prg *.PRG *.asm *.vice-* *.BIN *.PAL *.zip *.7z
 
-emu:  benchmark.prg
-	x16emu -run -prg $< -warp
 
-benchmark.prg: benchmark.p8 b_3d.p8 b_adpcm.p8 b_circles.p8 b_life.p8 b_mandelbrot.p8 b_maze.p8 b_queens.p8 b_textelite.p8
-	p8compile $< -target cx16 

benchmark-program/b_3d.p8

@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ rotate3d {
 
 matrix_math {
     ; vertices
-    word[] @split xcoor = [ -40, -40, -40, -40,  40,  40,  40, 40 ]
-    word[] @split ycoor = [ -40, -40,  40,  40, -40, -40,  40, 40 ]
-    word[] @split zcoor = [ -40,  40, -40,  40, -40,  40, -40, 40 ]
+    word[] xcoor = [ -40, -40, -40, -40,  40,  40,  40, 40 ]
+    word[] ycoor = [ -40, -40,  40,  40, -40, -40,  40, 40 ]
+    word[] zcoor = [ -40,  40, -40,  40, -40,  40, -40, 40 ]
 
     ; storage for rotated coordinates
-    word[len(xcoor)] @split rotatedx
-    word[len(ycoor)] @split rotatedy
-    word[len(zcoor)] @split rotatedz
+    word[len(xcoor)] rotatedx
+    word[len(ycoor)] rotatedy
+    word[len(zcoor)] rotatedz
 
     sub rotate_vertices(ubyte ax, ubyte ay, ubyte az) {
         ; rotate around origin (0,0,0)

benchmark-program/b_adpcm.p8

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ adpcm {
 
     ; IMA ADPCM decoder.  Supports mono and stereo streams.
 
-    ubyte[] t_index = [ -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8]
-    uword[] @split t_step = [
+    byte[] t_index = [ -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8]
+    uword[] t_step = [
             7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
             16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31,
             34, 37, 41, 45, 50, 55, 60, 66,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ adpcm {
         ; elif predicted < -32767:
         ;    predicted = - 32767
 
-        index += t_index[nibble]
+        index += t_index[nibble] as ubyte
         if_neg
             index = 0
         else if index >= len(t_step)-1

benchmark-program/b_circles.p8

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-%import gfx2
+%import gfx_lores
 %import math
 
 circles {
     const ubyte MAX_NUM_CIRCLES = 80
     const ubyte GROWTH_RATE = 4
-    uword[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] @split circle_x
-    uword[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] @split circle_y
+    uword[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] circle_x
+    uword[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] circle_y
     ubyte[MAX_NUM_CIRCLES] circle_radius
     ubyte color
     uword total_num_circles
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ circles {
         if use_kernal
             void cx16.set_screen_mode(128)
         else
-            gfx2.screen_mode(1)
+            gfx_lores.graphics_mode()
 
         math.rndseed(12345,6789)
         cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ circles {
                 cx16.GRAPH_clear()
             }
             else
-                gfx2.clear_screen(0)
+                gfx_lores.clear_screen(0)
             total_num_circles += draw_circles(use_kernal, max_time)
         }
 
         if use_kernal
             void cx16.set_screen_mode(3)
         else {
-            gfx2.screen_mode(0)
+            gfx_lores.text_mode()
         }
 
         return total_num_circles
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ circles {
                         cx16.GRAPH_draw_oval(x-radius, y-radius, radius*2, radius*2, true)
                     }
                     else
-                        gfx2.disc(x, y as ubyte, radius, color)
+                        gfx_lores.disc(x, y as ubyte, radius, color)
                     circle_x[num_circles] = x
                     circle_y[num_circles] = y
                     circle_radius[num_circles] = radius

benchmark-program/b_textelite.p8

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 %import textio
 %import conv
-%import string
-%import string
+%import strings
 
 
 textelite {
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ textelite {
 
     sub next_input(str buffer) -> ubyte {
         input_index++
-        return string.copy(inputs[input_index], buffer)
+        return strings.copy(inputs[input_index], buffer)
     }
 }
 
@@ -571,7 +570,7 @@ elite_galaxy {
             ubyte distance = elite_planet.distance(px, py)
             if distance <= max_distance {
                 elite_planet.name = make_current_planet_name()
-                elite_planet.name[0] = string.upperchar(elite_planet.name[0])
+                elite_planet.name[0] = strings.upperchar(elite_planet.name[0])
                 uword tx = elite_planet.x
                 uword ty = elite_planet.y
                 if local {
@@ -743,42 +742,42 @@ elite_galaxy {
 }
 
 elite_planet {
-    str[] words81 = ["fabled", "notable", "well known", "famous", "noted"]
-    str[] words82 = ["very", "mildly", "most", "reasonably", ""]
-    str[] words83 = ["ancient", "\x95", "great", "vast", "pink"]
-    str[] words84 = ["\x9E \x9D plantations", "mountains", "\x9C", "\x94 forests", "oceans"]
-    str[] words85 = ["shyness", "silliness", "mating traditions", "loathing of \x86", "love for \x86"]
-    str[] words86 = ["food blenders", "tourists", "poetry", "discos", "\x8E"]
-    str[] words87 = ["talking tree", "crab", "bat", "lobst", "\xB2"]
-    str[] words88 = ["beset", "plagued", "ravaged", "cursed", "scourged"]
-    str[] words89 = ["\x96 civil war", "\x9B \x98 \x99s", "a \x9B disease", "\x96 earthquakes", "\x96 solar activity"]
-    str[] words8A = ["its \x83 \x84", "the \xB1 \x98 \x99", "its inhabitants' \x9A \x85", "\xA1", "its \x8D \x8E"]
-    str[] words8B = ["juice", "brandy", "water", "brew", "gargle blasters"]
-    str[] words8C = ["\xB2", "\xB1 \x99", "\xB1 \xB2", "\xB1 \x9B", "\x9B \xB2"]
-    str[] words8D = ["fabulous", "exotic", "hoopy", "unusual", "exciting"]
-    str[] words8E = ["cuisine", "night life", "casinos", "sit coms", " \xA1 "]
-    str[] words8F = ["\xB0", "The planet \xB0", "The world \xB0", "This planet", "This world"]
-    str[] words90 = ["n unremarkable", " boring", " dull", " tedious", " revolting"]
-    str[] words91 = ["planet", "world", "place", "little planet", "dump"]
-    str[] words92 = ["wasp", "moth", "grub", "ant", "\xB2"]
-    str[] words93 = ["poet", "arts graduate", "yak", "snail", "slug"]
-    str[] words94 = ["tropical", "dense", "rain", "impenetrable", "exuberant"]
-    str[] words95 = ["funny", "wierd", "unusual", "strange", "peculiar"]
-    str[] words96 = ["frequent", "occasional", "unpredictable", "dreadful", "deadly"]
-    str[] words97 = ["\x82 \x81 for \x8A", "\x82 \x81 for \x8A and \x8A", "\x88 by \x89", "\x82 \x81 for \x8A but \x88 by \x89", "a\x90 \x91"]
-    str[] words98 = ["\x9B", "mountain", "edible", "tree", "spotted"]
-    str[] words99 = ["\x9F", "\xA0", "\x87oid", "\x93", "\x92"]
-    str[] words9A = ["ancient", "exceptional", "eccentric", "ingrained", "\x95"]
-    str[] words9B = ["killer", "deadly", "evil", "lethal", "vicious"]
-    str[] words9C = ["parking meters", "dust clouds", "ice bergs", "rock formations", "volcanoes"]
-    str[] words9D = ["plant", "tulip", "banana", "corn", "\xB2weed"]
-    str[] words9E = ["\xB2", "\xB1 \xB2", "\xB1 \x9B", "inhabitant", "\xB1 \xB2"]
-    str[] words9F = ["shrew", "beast", "bison", "snake", "wolf"]
-    str[] wordsA0 = ["leopard", "cat", "monkey", "goat", "fish"]
-    str[] wordsA1 = ["\x8C \x8B", "\xB1 \x9F \xA2", "its \x8D \xA0 \xA2", "\xA3 \xA4", "\x8C \x8B"]
-    str[] wordsA2 = ["meat", "cutlet", "steak", "burgers", "soup"]
-    str[] wordsA3 = ["ice", "mud", "Zero-G", "vacuum", "\xB1 ultra"]
-    str[] wordsA4 = ["hockey", "cricket", "karate", "polo", "tennis"]
+    str[] @nosplit words81 = ["fabled", "notable", "well known", "famous", "noted"]
+    str[] @nosplit words82 = ["very", "mildly", "most", "reasonably", ""]
+    str[] @nosplit words83 = ["ancient", "\x95", "great", "vast", "pink"]
+    str[] @nosplit words84 = ["\x9E \x9D plantations", "mountains", "\x9C", "\x94 forests", "oceans"]
+    str[] @nosplit words85 = ["shyness", "silliness", "mating traditions", "loathing of \x86", "love for \x86"]
+    str[] @nosplit words86 = ["food blenders", "tourists", "poetry", "discos", "\x8E"]
+    str[] @nosplit words87 = ["talking tree", "crab", "bat", "lobst", "\xB2"]
+    str[] @nosplit words88 = ["beset", "plagued", "ravaged", "cursed", "scourged"]
+    str[] @nosplit words89 = ["\x96 civil war", "\x9B \x98 \x99s", "a \x9B disease", "\x96 earthquakes", "\x96 solar activity"]
+    str[] @nosplit words8A = ["its \x83 \x84", "the \xB1 \x98 \x99", "its inhabitants' \x9A \x85", "\xA1", "its \x8D \x8E"]
+    str[] @nosplit words8B = ["juice", "brandy", "water", "brew", "gargle blasters"]
+    str[] @nosplit words8C = ["\xB2", "\xB1 \x99", "\xB1 \xB2", "\xB1 \x9B", "\x9B \xB2"]
+    str[] @nosplit words8D = ["fabulous", "exotic", "hoopy", "unusual", "exciting"]
+    str[] @nosplit words8E = ["cuisine", "night life", "casinos", "sit coms", " \xA1 "]
+    str[] @nosplit words8F = ["\xB0", "The planet \xB0", "The world \xB0", "This planet", "This world"]
+    str[] @nosplit words90 = ["n unremarkable", " boring", " dull", " tedious", " revolting"]
+    str[] @nosplit words91 = ["planet", "world", "place", "little planet", "dump"]
+    str[] @nosplit words92 = ["wasp", "moth", "grub", "ant", "\xB2"]
+    str[] @nosplit words93 = ["poet", "arts graduate", "yak", "snail", "slug"]
+    str[] @nosplit words94 = ["tropical", "dense", "rain", "impenetrable", "exuberant"]
+    str[] @nosplit words95 = ["funny", "wierd", "unusual", "strange", "peculiar"]
+    str[] @nosplit words96 = ["frequent", "occasional", "unpredictable", "dreadful", "deadly"]
+    str[] @nosplit words97 = ["\x82 \x81 for \x8A", "\x82 \x81 for \x8A and \x8A", "\x88 by \x89", "\x82 \x81 for \x8A but \x88 by \x89", "a\x90 \x91"]
+    str[] @nosplit words98 = ["\x9B", "mountain", "edible", "tree", "spotted"]
+    str[] @nosplit words99 = ["\x9F", "\xA0", "\x87oid", "\x93", "\x92"]
+    str[] @nosplit words9A = ["ancient", "exceptional", "eccentric", "ingrained", "\x95"]
+    str[] @nosplit words9B = ["killer", "deadly", "evil", "lethal", "vicious"]
+    str[] @nosplit words9C = ["parking meters", "dust clouds", "ice bergs", "rock formations", "volcanoes"]
+    str[] @nosplit words9D = ["plant", "tulip", "banana", "corn", "\xB2weed"]
+    str[] @nosplit words9E = ["\xB2", "\xB1 \xB2", "\xB1 \x9B", "inhabitant", "\xB1 \xB2"]
+    str[] @nosplit words9F = ["shrew", "beast", "bison", "snake", "wolf"]
+    str[] @nosplit wordsA0 = ["leopard", "cat", "monkey", "goat", "fish"]
+    str[] @nosplit wordsA1 = ["\x8C \x8B", "\xB1 \x9F \xA2", "its \x8D \xA0 \xA2", "\xA3 \xA4", "\x8C \x8B"]
+    str[] @nosplit wordsA2 = ["meat", "cutlet", "steak", "burgers", "soup"]
+    str[] @nosplit wordsA3 = ["ice", "mud", "Zero-G", "vacuum", "\xB1 ultra"]
+    str[] @nosplit wordsA4 = ["hockey", "cricket", "karate", "polo", "tennis"]
 
     uword[] @shared wordlists = [
         words81, words82, words83, words84, words85, words86, words87, words88,
@@ -840,7 +839,7 @@ elite_planet {
             }
         }
         randname[nx] = 0
-        randname[0] = string.upperchar(randname[0])
+        randname[0] = strings.upperchar(randname[0])
         return randname
     }
 
@@ -912,12 +911,12 @@ elite_planet {
                         source_ptr = source_stack[stack_ptr]
                     } else {
                         if c == $b0 {
-                            @(result_ptr) = string.upperchar(name[0])
+                            @(result_ptr) = strings.upperchar(name[0])
                             result_ptr++
                             concat_string(&name + 1)
                         }
                         else if c == $b1 {
-                            @(result_ptr) = string.upperchar(name[0])
+                            @(result_ptr) = strings.upperchar(name[0])
                             result_ptr++
                             ubyte ni
                             for ni in 1 to len(name) {
@@ -981,7 +980,7 @@ elite_util {
             if pc == 0
                 return true
             ; to lowercase for case insensitive compare:
-            if string.lowerchar(pc)!=string.lowerchar(sc)
+            if strings.lowerchar(pc)!=strings.lowerchar(sc)
                 return false
             prefixptr++
             stringptr++

benchmark-program/benchmark-program.iml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="WEB_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
-    <exclude-output />
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/compiled" />
-    </content>
-    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-  </component>
-</module>

benchmark-program/benchmark.p8

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ main {
         benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = adpcm.decode_benchmark(300)
         benchmark_number++
 
-        announce_benchmark("circles with gfx2")
+        announce_benchmark("circles with gfx_lores")
         benchmark_score[benchmark_number]  = circles.draw(false, 300)
         benchmark_number++
 

build.gradle

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-plugins {
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "$kotlinVersion" apply false
-}
-
-allprojects {
-    repositories {
-        mavenLocal()
-        mavenCentral()
-    }
-}

build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.internal.config.LanguageFeature
+
+
+plugins {
+    kotlin("jvm") version "2.1.10"
+}
+
+allprojects {
+    apply(plugin="kotlin")
+
+    repositories {
+        mavenLocal()
+        mavenCentral()
+    }
+
+    kotlin {
+        compilerOptions {
+            freeCompilerArgs = listOf("-Xwhen-guards")
+            jvmTarget = JvmTarget.JVM_11
+        }
+        sourceSets.all {
+            languageSettings {
+                // enable language features like so:
+                // enableLanguageFeature(LanguageFeature.WhenGuards.name)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    java {
+        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+    }
+}

codeCore/build.gradle

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-
-plugins {
-    id 'java'
-    id 'application'
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
-}
-
-java {
-    targetCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-    sourceCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-}
-
-compileKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-compileTestKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    // should have no dependencies to other modules
-    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.0"
-}
-
-sourceSets {
-    main {
-        java {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/src"
-        }
-        resources {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/res"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// note: there are no unit tests in this module!

codeCore/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+plugins {
+    kotlin("jvm")
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    // should have no dependencies to other modules
+    // implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
+    implementation("com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.1")
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDir("${project.projectDir}/src")
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDir("${project.projectDir}/res")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// note: there are no unit tests in this module!

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 package prog8.code
 
+import prog8.code.ast.PtAsmSub
 import prog8.code.ast.PtNode
 import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
+const val internedStringsModuleName = "prog8_interned_strings"
+
+
 /**
  * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
  * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types), memoryslabs, and labels).
@@ -38,6 +42,7 @@ class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GL
     }
 
     val allVariables: Collection<StStaticVariable> by lazy {
+        // can't be done with a generic function because those don't support local recursive functions yet
         val vars = mutableListOf<StStaticVariable>()
         fun collect(node: StNode) {
             for(child in node.children) {
@@ -52,6 +57,7 @@ class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GL
     }
 
     val allMemMappedVariables: Collection<StMemVar> by lazy {
+        // can't be done with a generic function because those don't support local recursive functions yet
         val vars = mutableListOf<StMemVar>()
         fun collect(node: StNode) {
             for(child in node.children) {
@@ -66,6 +72,7 @@ class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GL
     }
 
     val allMemorySlabs: Collection<StMemorySlab> by lazy {
+        // can't be done with a generic function because those don't support local recursive functions yet
         val vars = mutableListOf<StMemorySlab>()
         fun collect(node: StNode) {
             for(child in node.children) {
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@ enum class StNodeType {
     // MODULE,     // not used with current scoping rules
     BLOCK,
     SUBROUTINE,
-    ROMSUB,
+    EXTSUB,
     LABEL,
     STATICVAR,
     MEMVAR,
@@ -109,7 +116,7 @@ enum class StNodeType {
 
 open class StNode(val name: String,
                   val type: StNodeType,
-                  val astNode: PtNode,
+                  val astNode: PtNode?,
                   val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
 ) {
 
@@ -178,37 +185,54 @@ open class StNode(val name: String,
 
 class StStaticVariable(name: String,
                        val dt: DataType,
-                       val onetimeInitializationNumericValue: Double?,      // regular (every-run-time) initialization is done via regular assignments
-                       val onetimeInitializationStringValue: StString?,
-                       val onetimeInitializationArrayValue: StArray?,
+                       val initializationStringValue: StString?,
+                       val initializationArrayValue: StArray?,
                        val length: Int?,            // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
                        val zpwish: ZeropageWish,    // used in the variable allocator
-                       astNode: PtNode) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, astNode) {
+                       val align: Int,
+                       astNode: PtNode?) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, astNode) {
 
-    val uninitialized = onetimeInitializationArrayValue==null && onetimeInitializationStringValue==null && onetimeInitializationNumericValue==null
+    var initializationNumericValue: Double? = null
+        private set
+
+    fun setOnetimeInitNumeric(number: Double) {
+        // In certain cases the init value of an existing var should be updated,
+        // so we can't ask this as a constructor parameter.
+        // This has to do with the way Prog8 does the (re)initialization of such variables: via code assignment statements.
+        // Certain codegens might want to put them back into the variable directly.
+        // For strings and arrays this doesn't occur - these are always already specced at creation time.
+        initializationNumericValue = number
+    }
+
+    val uninitialized: Boolean
+        get() = initializationArrayValue==null && initializationStringValue==null && initializationNumericValue==null
 
     init {
         if(length!=null) {
-            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue == null)
-            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
-                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.isEmpty() ||onetimeInitializationArrayValue.size==length)
+            require(initializationNumericValue == null)
+            if(initializationArrayValue!=null)
+                require(initializationArrayValue.isEmpty() ||initializationArrayValue.size==length)
         }
-        if(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
-            require(dt in NumericDatatypes || dt==DataType.BOOL)
+        if(initializationNumericValue!=null) {
+            require(dt.isNumericOrBool)
         }
-        if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null) {
-            require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
-            require(length==onetimeInitializationArrayValue.size)
+        if(initializationArrayValue!=null) {
+            require(dt.isArray)
+            require(length == initializationArrayValue.size)
         }
-        if(onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null) {
-            require(dt == DataType.STR)
-            require(length == onetimeInitializationStringValue.first.length+1)
+        if(initializationStringValue!=null) {
+            require(dt.isString)
+            require(length == initializationStringValue.first.length + 1)
+        }
+        if(align > 0) {
+            require(dt.isString || dt.isArray)
+            require(zpwish != ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE && zpwish != ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE)
         }
     }
 }
 
 
-class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, astNode: PtNode) :
+class StConstant(name: String, val dt: BaseDataType, val value: Double, astNode: PtNode?) :
     StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, astNode)
 
 
@@ -216,12 +240,12 @@ class StMemVar(name: String,
                val dt: DataType,
                val address: UInt,
                val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
-               astNode: PtNode) :
+               astNode: PtNode?) :
     StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, astNode) {
 
     init{
-        require(dt!=DataType.BOOL && dt!=DataType.ARRAY_BOOL)
-        if(dt in ArrayDatatypes || dt == DataType.STR)
+        require(!dt.isString)
+        if(dt.isStringly && !dt.isWord)
             requireNotNull(length)
     }
 }
@@ -230,27 +254,33 @@ class StMemorySlab(
     name: String,
     val size: UInt,
     val align: UInt,
-    astNode: PtNode
+    astNode: PtNode?
 ):
     StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB, astNode)
 
 
-class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, astNode: PtNode) :
+class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returns: List<DataType>, astNode: PtNode) :
         StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, astNode)
 
 
-class StRomSub(name: String,
-               val address: UInt?,      // null in case of asmsub, specified in case of romsub
-               val parameters: List<StRomSubParameter>,
-               val returns: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+class StExtSub(name: String,
+               val address: PtAsmSub.Address?,      // null in case of asmsub, specified in case of extsub.
+               val parameters: List<StExtSubParameter>,
+               val returns: List<StExtSubParameter>,
                astNode: PtNode) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, astNode)
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.EXTSUB, astNode)
 
 
 
-class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
-class StRomSubParameter(val register: RegisterOrStatusflag, val type: DataType)
-class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOfSymbol: String?, val boolean: Boolean?)
+class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType, val register: RegisterOrPair?)
+class StExtSubParameter(val register: RegisterOrStatusflag, val type: DataType)
+class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOfSymbol: String?, val boolean: Boolean?) {
+    init {
+        if(number!=null) require(addressOfSymbol==null && boolean==null)
+        if(addressOfSymbol!=null) require(number==null && boolean==null)
+        if(boolean!=null) require(addressOfSymbol==null && number==null)
+    }
+}
 
 typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
 typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTableMaker.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package prog8.code
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
-import kotlin.collections.ArrayDeque
 
 
 class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: CompilationOptions) {
@@ -11,7 +10,8 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
         val st = SymbolTable(program)
 
         BuiltinFunctions.forEach {
-            st.add(StNode(it.key, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, PtIdentifier(it.key, it.value.returnType ?: DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)))
+            val dt = DataType.forDt(it.value.returnType ?: BaseDataType.UNDEFINED)
+            st.add(StNode(it.key, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, PtIdentifier(it.key, dt, Position.DUMMY)))
         }
 
         val scopestack = ArrayDeque<StNode>()
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
 
         if(options.compTarget.name != VMTarget.NAME) {
             listOf(
-                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_B1, null, Position.DUMMY),
-                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_REG, null, Position.DUMMY),
-                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W1, null, Position.DUMMY),
-                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W2, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), options.compTarget.zeropage.SCRATCH_B1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), options.compTarget.zeropage.SCRATCH_REG, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), options.compTarget.zeropage.SCRATCH_W1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), options.compTarget.zeropage.SCRATCH_W2, null, Position.DUMMY),
             ).forEach {
                 it.parent = program
                 st.add(StMemVar(it.name, it.type, it.address, it.arraySize?.toInt(), it))
@@ -39,15 +39,16 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
     private fun addToSt(node: PtNode, scope: ArrayDeque<StNode>) {
         val stNode = when(node) {
             is PtAsmSub -> {
-                val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
-                val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
-                StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
+                val parameters = node.parameters.map { StExtSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
+                val returns = node.returns.map { StExtSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
+                StExtSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
             }
             is PtBlock -> {
                 StNode(node.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, node)
             }
             is PtConstant -> {
-                StConstant(node.name, node.type, node.value, node)
+                require(node.type.isNumericOrBool)
+                StConstant(node.name, node.type.base, node.value, node)
             }
             is PtLabel -> {
                 StNode(node.name, StNodeType.LABEL, node)
@@ -56,8 +57,8 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
                 StMemVar(node.name, node.type, node.address, node.arraySize?.toInt(), node)
             }
             is PtSub -> {
-                val params = node.parameters.map {StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type) }
-                StSub(node.name, params, node.returntype, node)
+                val params = node.parameters.map {StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type, it.register) }
+                StSub(node.name, params, node.returns, node)
             }
             is PtVariable -> {
                 val initialNumeric: Double?
@@ -66,23 +67,26 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
                 val numElements: Int?
                 val value = node.value
                 if(value!=null) {
-                    val number = (value as? PtNumber)?.number
-                    initialNumeric = if(number==0.0) null else number       // 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
                     when (value) {
                         is PtString -> {
                             initialString = StString(value.value, value.encoding)
                             initialArray = null
+                            initialNumeric = null
                             numElements = value.value.length + 1   // include the terminating 0-byte
                         }
                         is PtArray -> {
                             initialArray = makeInitialArray(value)
                             initialString = null
+                            initialNumeric = null
                             numElements = initialArray.size
                             require(node.arraySize?.toInt()==numElements)
                         }
                         else -> {
+                            require(value is PtNumber)
                             initialString = null
                             initialArray = null
+                            val number = value.number
+                            initialNumeric = number
                             numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
                         }
                     }
@@ -95,7 +99,10 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
 //                if(node.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
 //                    ... split array also add _lsb and _msb to symboltable?
 //                }
-                StStaticVariable(node.name, node.type, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, node.zeropage, node)
+                val stVar = StStaticVariable(node.name, node.type, initialString, initialArray, numElements, node.zeropage, node.align.toInt(), node)
+                if(initialNumeric!=null)
+                    stVar.setOnetimeInitNumeric(initialNumeric)
+                stVar
             }
             is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
                 if(node.name=="memory") {
@@ -131,7 +138,6 @@ class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: Comp
                         TODO("address-of array element $it in initial array value")
                     StArrayElement(null, it.identifier.name, null)
                 }
-                is PtIdentifier -> StArrayElement(null, it.name, null)
                 is PtNumber -> StArrayElement(it.number, null, null)
                 is PtBool -> StArrayElement(null, null, it.value)
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid array element $it")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstBase.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package prog8.code.ast
 import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
 import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
 import prog8.code.core.Position
-import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
+import prog8.code.source.SourceCode
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 // New simplified AST for the code generator.
@@ -80,18 +80,11 @@ class PtBlock(name: String,
               val options: Options,
               position: Position
 ) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtStatementContainer {
-    enum class BlockAlignment {
-        NONE,
-        WORD,
-        PAGE
-    }
-
     class Options(val address: UInt? = null,
                   val forceOutput: Boolean = false,
                   val noSymbolPrefixing: Boolean = false,
                   val veraFxMuls: Boolean = false,
-                  val ignoreUnused: Boolean = false,
-                  val alignment: BlockAlignment = BlockAlignment.NONE)
+                  val ignoreUnused: Boolean = false)
 }
 
 
@@ -103,12 +96,20 @@ class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, val isIR: Boolean, position: Positi
 }
 
 
-class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position)
+class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
+    companion object {
+        // all automatically generated labels everywhere need to have the same label name prefix:
+        const val GENERATED_LABEL_PREFIX = "p8_label_gen_"
+    }
+}
 
 
 class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position)
 
 
+class PtAlign(val align: UInt, position: Position): PtNode(position)
+
+
 class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position)
 
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstExpressions.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import java.util.Objects
+import java.util.*
 import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.truncate
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import kotlin.math.truncate
 sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
 
     init {
-        if(type==DataType.UNDEFINED) {
+        if(type.isUndefined) {
             @Suppress("LeakingThis")
             when(this) {
                 is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> { /* void function call */ }
@@ -66,32 +66,31 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
         }
     }
 
-    infix fun isSameAs(target: PtAssignTarget): Boolean {
-        return when {
-            target.memory != null && this is PtMemoryByte-> {
-                target.memory!!.address isSameAs this.address
-            }
-            target.identifier != null && this is PtIdentifier -> {
-                this.name == target.identifier!!.name
-            }
-            target.array != null && this is PtArrayIndexer -> {
-                this.variable.name == target.array!!.variable.name && this.index isSameAs target.array!!.index && this.splitWords==target.array!!.splitWords
-            }
-            else -> false
+    infix fun isSameAs(target: PtAssignTarget): Boolean = when {
+        target.memory != null && this is PtMemoryByte -> {
+            target.memory!!.address isSameAs this.address
         }
+        target.identifier != null && this is PtIdentifier -> {
+            this.name == target.identifier!!.name
+        }
+        target.array != null && this is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+            this.variable.name == target.array!!.variable.name && this.index isSameAs target.array!!.index && this.splitWords==target.array!!.splitWords
+        }
+        else -> false
     }
 
     fun asConstInteger(): Int? = (this as? PtNumber)?.number?.toInt() ?: (this as? PtBool)?.asInt()
+    fun asConstValue(): Double? = (this as? PtNumber)?.number ?: (this as? PtBool)?.asInt()?.toDouble()
 
     fun isSimple(): Boolean {
         return when(this) {
-            is PtAddressOf -> true
+            is PtAddressOf -> this.arrayIndexExpr==null || this.arrayIndexExpr?.isSimple()==true
             is PtArray -> true
             is PtArrayIndexer -> index is PtNumber || index is PtIdentifier
             is PtBinaryExpression -> false
             is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
                 when (name) {
-                    in arrayOf("msb", "lsb", "mkword", "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd") -> this.args.all { it.isSimple() }
+                    in arrayOf("msb", "lsb", "msw", "lsw", "mkword", "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd") -> this.args.all { it.isSimple() }
                     else -> false
                 }
             }
@@ -99,13 +98,14 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
             is PtFunctionCall -> false
             is PtIdentifier -> true
             is PtIrRegister -> true
-            is PtMemoryByte -> address is PtNumber || address is PtIdentifier
+            is PtMemoryByte -> address is PtNumber
             is PtBool -> true
             is PtNumber -> true
             is PtPrefix -> value.isSimple()
             is PtRange -> true
             is PtString -> true
             is PtTypeCast -> value.isSimple()
+            is PtIfExpression -> condition.isSimple() && truevalue.isSimple() && falsevalue.isSimple()
         }
     }
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
     */
 }
 
-class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
+class PtAddressOf(position: Position, val isMsbForSplitArray: Boolean=false) : PtExpression(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), position) {
     val identifier: PtIdentifier
         get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
     val arrayIndexExpr: PtExpression?
@@ -154,15 +154,16 @@ class PtArrayIndexer(elementType: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(el
     val index: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
     val splitWords: Boolean
-        get() = variable.type in SplitWordArrayTypes
+        get() = variable.type.isSplitWordArray
 
     init {
-        require(elementType in NumericDatatypesWithBoolean)
+        require(elementType.isNumericOrBool)
     }
 }
 
 
 class PtArray(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    // children are always one of 3 types: PtBool, PtNumber or PtAddressOf.
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(children, type)
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if(other==null || other !is PtArray)
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ class PtBuiltinFunctionCall(val name: String,
                             position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
     init {
         if(!void)
-            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
+            require(!type.isUndefined)
     }
 
     val args: List<PtExpression>
@@ -198,14 +199,24 @@ class PtBinaryExpression(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Positio
 
     init {
         if(operator in ComparisonOperators + LogicalOperators)
-            require(type==DataType.BOOL)
+            require(type.isBool)
         else
-            require(type!=DataType.BOOL) { "no bool allowed for this operator $operator"}
+            require(!type.isBool) { "no bool allowed for this operator $operator"}
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.BOOL, position) {
+class PtIfExpression(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val condition: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val truevalue: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+    val falsevalue: PtExpression
+        get() = children[2] as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BOOL), position) {
     val needle: PtExpression
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val haystackHeapVar: PtIdentifier?
@@ -214,8 +225,8 @@ class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.BOOL, positi
         get() = children[1] as? PtArray
 
     companion object {
-        val MAX_SIZE_FOR_INLINE_CHECKS_BYTE = 5
-        val MAX_SIZE_FOR_INLINE_CHECKS_WORD = 4
+        const val MAX_SIZE_FOR_INLINE_CHECKS_BYTE = 5
+        const val MAX_SIZE_FOR_INLINE_CHECKS_WORD = 4
     }
 }
 
@@ -226,6 +237,13 @@ class PtFunctionCall(val name: String,
                      position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
     val args: List<PtExpression>
         get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
+
+    init {
+        if(void) require(type.isUndefined) {
+            "void fcall should have undefined datatype"
+        }
+        // note: non-void calls can have UNDEFINED type: if they return more than 1 value
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -238,13 +256,13 @@ class PtIdentifier(val name: String, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExp
 }
 
 
-class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
+class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), position) {
     val address: PtExpression
         get() = children.single() as PtExpression
 }
 
 
-class PtBool(val value: Boolean, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.BOOL, position) {
+class PtBool(val value: Boolean, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BOOL), position) {
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, value)
 
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
@@ -259,21 +277,29 @@ class PtBool(val value: Boolean, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.BOO
 }
 
 
-class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+class PtNumber(type: BaseDataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.forDt(type), position) {
 
     companion object {
         fun fromBoolean(bool: Boolean, position: Position): PtNumber =
-            PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, if(bool) 1.0 else 0.0, position)
+            PtNumber(BaseDataType.UBYTE, if(bool) 1.0 else 0.0, position)
     }
 
     init {
-        if(type==DataType.BOOL)
+        if(type==BaseDataType.BOOL)
             throw IllegalArgumentException("use PtBool instead")
-        if(type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
+        if(type!=BaseDataType.FLOAT) {
             val trunc = truncate(number)
             if (trunc != number)
                 throw IllegalArgumentException("refused truncating of float to avoid loss of precision @$position")
         }
+        when(type) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> require(number in 0.0..255.0)
+            BaseDataType.BYTE -> require(number in -128.0..127.0)
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> require(number in 0.0..65535.0)
+            BaseDataType.WORD -> require(number in -32728.0..32767.0)
+            BaseDataType.LONG -> require(number in -2147483647.0..2147483647.0)
+            else ->  require(type.isNumeric) { "numeric literal type should be numeric: $type" }
+        }
     }
 
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, number)
@@ -281,7 +307,7 @@ class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpre
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         return if(other==null || other !is PtNumber)
             false
-        else if(type!=DataType.BOOL && other.type!=DataType.BOOL)
+        else if(!type.isBool && !other.type.isBool)
             number==other.number
         else
             type==other.type && number==other.number
@@ -298,7 +324,7 @@ class PtPrefix(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpr
         get() = children.single() as PtExpression
 
     init {
-        require(operator in setOf("+", "-", "~", "not")) { "invalid prefix operator: $operator" }
+        require(operator in PrefixOperators) { "invalid prefix operator: $operator" }
     }
 }
 
@@ -330,18 +356,17 @@ class PtRange(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
 
         val fromLv = from as? PtNumber
         val toLv = to as? PtNumber
-        val stepLv = step as? PtNumber
-        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null || stepLv==null)
+        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null)
             return null
         val fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
         val toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
-        val stepVal = stepLv.number.toInt()
+        val stepVal = step.number.toInt()
         return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.STR, position) {
+class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.STR), position) {
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(value, encoding)
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if(other==null || other !is PtString)
@@ -351,15 +376,21 @@ class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) :
 }
 
 
-class PtTypeCast(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+class PtTypeCast(type: BaseDataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.forDt(type), position) {
     val value: PtExpression
         get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+
+    fun copy(): PtTypeCast {
+        val copy = PtTypeCast(type.base, position)
+        if(children[0] is PtIdentifier) {
+            copy.add((children[0] as PtIdentifier).copy())
+        } else {
+            TODO("cannot copy node ${children[0]}")
+        }
+        return copy
+    }
 }
 
 
 // special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally in the Intermediate Code
 class PtIrRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
-
-
-fun constValue(expr: PtExpression): Double? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number else if(expr is PtBool) expr.asInt().toDouble() else null
-fun constIntValue(expr: PtExpression): Int? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number.toInt() else if(expr is PtBool) expr.asInt() else null

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstPrinter.kt

@@ -1,34 +1,41 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.escape
+import prog8.code.core.toHex
 
 /**
  * Produces readable text from a [PtNode] (AST node, usually starting with PtProgram as root),
  * passing it as a String to the specified receiver function.
  */
 fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Unit) {
-    fun type(dt: DataType) = "!${dt.name.lowercase()}!"
+    fun type(dt: DataType) = "!${dt}!"
     fun txt(node: PtNode): String {
         return when(node) {
+            is PtAlign -> "%align ${node.align}"
             is PtAssignTarget -> if(node.void) "<void>" else "<target>"
             is PtAssignment -> "<assign>"
             is PtAugmentedAssign -> "<inplace-assign> ${node.operator}"
             is PtBreakpoint -> "%breakpoint"
             is PtConditionalBranch -> "if_${node.condition.name.lowercase()}"
             is PtAddressOf -> {
-                if(node.isFromArrayElement)
+                if(node.isMsbForSplitArray)
+                    "&>"
+                else if(node.isFromArrayElement)
                     "& array-element"
                 else
                     "&"
             }
             is PtArray -> {
-                val valuelist = node.children.map {
+                val valuelist = node.children.joinToString(", ") {
                     when (it) {
+                        is PtBool -> it.toString()
                         is PtNumber -> it.number.toString()
                         is PtIdentifier -> it.name
-                        else -> "?"
+                        is PtAddressOf -> "& ${it.identifier.name}"
+                        else -> "invalid array element $it"
                     }
-                }.joinToString(", ")
+                }
                 "array len=${node.children.size} ${type(node.type)} [ $valuelist ]"
             }
             is PtArrayIndexer -> "<arrayindexer> ${type(node.type)} ${if(node.splitWords) "[splitwords]" else ""}"
@@ -46,14 +53,14 @@ fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Uni
             is PtIrRegister -> "IRREG#${node.register} ${type(node.type)}"
             is PtMemoryByte -> "@()"
             is PtNumber -> {
-                val numstr = if(node.type == DataType.FLOAT) node.number.toString() else node.number.toHex()
+                val numstr = if(node.type.isFloat) node.number.toString() else node.number.toHex()
                 "$numstr ${type(node.type)}"
             }
             is PtBool -> node.value.toString()
             is PtPrefix -> node.operator
             is PtRange -> "<range>"
             is PtString -> "\"${node.value.escape()}\""
-            is PtTypeCast -> "as ${node.type.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtTypeCast -> "as ${node.type}"
             is PtForLoop -> "for"
             is PtIfElse -> "ifelse"
             is PtIncludeBinary -> "%incbin '${node.file}', ${node.offset}, ${node.length}"
@@ -64,12 +71,7 @@ fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Uni
                     "%asm {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
             }
             is PtJump -> {
-                if(node.identifier!=null)
-                    "goto ${node.identifier.name}"
-                else if(node.address!=null)
-                    "goto ${node.address.toHex()}"
-                else
-                    "???"
+                "goto ${txt(node.target)}"
             }
             is PtAsmSub -> {
                 val params = node.parameters.joinToString(", ") {
@@ -87,54 +89,65 @@ fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Uni
                     }"
                 }
                 val str = if (node.inline) "inline " else ""
-                if(node.address==null) {
+                if(node.address == null) {
                     str + "asmsub ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
                 } else {
-                    str + "romsub ${node.address.toHex()} = ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                    val bank = if(node.address.constbank!=null) "@bank ${node.address.constbank}"
+                        else if(node.address.varbank!=null) "@bank ${node.address.varbank?.name}"
+                        else ""
+                    str + "extsub $bank ${node.address.address.toHex()} = ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
                 }
             }
             is PtBlock -> {
                 val addr = if(node.options.address==null) "" else "@${node.options.address.toHex()}"
-                val align = if(node.options.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE) "" else "align=${node.options.alignment}"
-                "\nblock '${node.name}' $addr $align"
+                "\nblock '${node.name}' $addr"
             }
             is PtConstant -> {
-                val value = when(node.type) {
-                    DataType.BOOL -> if(node.value==0.0) "false" else "true"
-                    in IntegerDatatypes -> node.value.toInt().toString()
+                val value = when {
+                    node.type.isBool -> if(node.value==0.0) "false" else "true"
+                    node.type.isInteger -> node.value.toInt().toString()
                     else -> node.value.toString()
                 }
-                "const ${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = $value"
+                "const ${node.type} ${node.name} = $value"
             }
             is PtLabel -> "${node.name}:"
             is PtMemMapped -> {
-                if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                if(node.type.isArray) {
                     val arraysize = if(node.arraySize==null) "" else node.arraySize.toString()
-                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
-                    "&${eltType.name.lowercase()}[$arraysize] ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                    "&${node.type.elementType()}[$arraysize] ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
                 } else {
-                    "&${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                    "&${node.type} ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
                 }
             }
             is PtSub -> {
-                val params = node.parameters.joinToString(", ") { "${it.type} ${it.name}" }
+                val params = node.parameters.joinToString(", ") {
+                    val reg = if(it.register!=null) "@${it.register}" else ""
+                    "${it.type} ${it.name} $reg"
+                }
                 var str = "sub ${node.name}($params) "
-                if(node.returntype!=null)
-                    str += "-> ${node.returntype.name.lowercase()}"
+                if(node.returns.isNotEmpty())
+                    str += "-> ${node.returns.joinToString(",")}"
                 str
             }
             is PtVariable -> {
-                val split = if(node.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) "@split" else ""
-                val str = if(node.arraySize!=null) {
-                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
-                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[${node.arraySize}] $split ${node.name}"
+                val split = if(node.type.isSplitWordArray) "" else "@nosplit"
+                val align = when(node.align) {
+                    0u -> ""
+                    2u -> "@alignword"
+                    64u -> "@align64"
+                    256u -> "@alignpage"
+                    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid alignment size")
                 }
-                else if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
-                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
-                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[] $split ${node.name}"
+                val str = if(node.arraySize!=null) {
+                    val eltType = node.type.elementType()
+                    "${eltType}[${node.arraySize}] $split $align ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else if(node.type.isArray) {
+                    val eltType = node.type.elementType()
+                    "${eltType}[] $split $align ${node.name}"
                 }
                 else
-                    "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+                    "${node.type} ${node.name}"
                 if(node.value!=null)
                     str + " = " + txt(node.value)
                 else
@@ -145,7 +158,10 @@ fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Uni
             is PtProgram -> "PROGRAM ${node.name}"
             is PtRepeatLoop -> "repeat"
             is PtReturn -> "return"
-            is PtSubroutineParameter -> "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+            is PtSubroutineParameter -> {
+                val reg = if(node.register!=null) "@${node.register}" else ""
+                "${node.type} ${node.name} $reg"
+            }
             is PtWhen -> "when"
             is PtWhenChoice -> {
                 if(node.isElse)
@@ -153,6 +169,9 @@ fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Uni
                 else
                     "->"
             }
+            is PtDefer -> "<defer>"
+            is PtIfExpression -> "<ifexpr>"
+            is PtJmpTable -> "<jmptable>"
         }
     }
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstStatements.kt

@@ -10,33 +10,36 @@ sealed interface IPtSubroutine {
 
 class PtAsmSub(
     name: String,
-    val address: UInt?,
+    val address: Address?,
     val clobbers: Set<CpuRegister>,
     val parameters: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>,
     val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>>,
     val inline: Boolean,
     position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine {
+
+    class Address(val constbank: UByte?, var varbank: PtIdentifier?, val address: UInt)
+}
 
 
 class PtSub(
     name: String,
     val parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>,
-    val returntype: DataType?,
+    val returns: List<DataType>,
     position: Position
 ) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine, IPtStatementContainer {
     init {
-        // params and return value should not be str
-        if(parameters.any{ it.type !in NumericDatatypes && it.type!=DataType.BOOL })
+        // params and return values should not be str
+        if(parameters.any{ !it.type.isNumericOrBool })
             throw AssemblyError("non-numeric/non-bool parameter")
-        if(returntype!=null && returntype !in NumericDatatypes && returntype!=DataType.BOOL)
-            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric/non-bool returntype $returntype")
+        if(returns.any { !it.isNumericOrBool })
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric/non-bool returntype")
         parameters.forEach { it.parent=this }
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtSubroutineParameter(name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNamedNode(name, position)
+class PtSubroutineParameter(name: String, val type: DataType, val register: RegisterOrPair?, position: Position): PtNamedNode(name, position)
 
 
 sealed interface IPtAssignment {
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ sealed interface IPtAssignment {
         get() = children.size>2
 }
 
-class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+class PtAssignment(position: Position, val isVarInitializer: Boolean=false) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
 
 class PtAugmentedAssign(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
 
@@ -113,12 +116,9 @@ class PtIfElse(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
 }
 
 
-class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,     // note: even ad-hoc labels are wrapped as an Identifier to simplify code. Just use dummy type and position.
-             val address: UInt?,
-             position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    init {
-        identifier?.let {it.parent = this }
-    }
+class PtJump(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val target: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
 }
 
 
@@ -130,16 +130,7 @@ class PtRepeatLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
 }
 
 
-class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val hasValue = children.any()
-    val value: PtExpression?
-        get() {
-            return if(children.any())
-                children.single() as PtExpression
-            else
-                null
-        }
-}
+class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position)  // children are all expressions
 
 
 sealed interface IPtVariable {
@@ -148,8 +139,28 @@ sealed interface IPtVariable {
 }
 
 
-class PtVariable(name: String, override val type: DataType, val zeropage: ZeropageWish, val value: PtExpression?, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
+class PtVariable(
+    name: String,
+    override val type: DataType,
+    val zeropage: ZeropageWish,
+    val align: UInt,
+    val value: PtExpression?,
+    val arraySize: UInt?,
+    position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
     init {
+
+        if(value!=null) {
+            require(value is PtArray || value is PtString) { "variable initializer value must only be array or string" }
+            // NOTE: the 6502 code generator expects numerical variables to not have an initialization value,
+            // because that is done via assignment statements. There are no "inline" variables with a given value.
+            // All variables are put into zeropage or into the BSS section and initialized afterwards during program
+            // startup or at the start of the subroutine.
+            // The IR codegen however is different it has a special section <VARIABLESWITHINIT> for all variables
+            // that have a non-zero initialization value, regardless of the datatype. It removes the initialization
+            // assignment and puts the value back into the variable (but only in the symboltable).
+        }
+
         value?.let {it.parent=this}
     }
 }
@@ -160,7 +171,7 @@ class PtConstant(name: String, override val type: DataType, val value: Double, p
 
 class PtMemMapped(name: String, override val type: DataType, val address: UInt, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
     init {
-        require(type!=DataType.BOOL && type!=DataType.ARRAY_BOOL)
+        require(!type.isString)
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,3 +190,9 @@ class PtWhenChoice(val isElse: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
 }
+
+
+class PtDefer(position: Position): PtNode(position), IPtStatementContainer
+
+
+class PtJmpTable(position: Position) : PtNode(position)     // contains only PtIdentifier nodes

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/Verify.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+fun verifyFinalAstBeforeAsmGen(program: PtProgram, options: CompilationOptions, st: SymbolTable, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+/*
+    walkAst(program) { node, _ ->
+        if(node is PtVariable) {
+            if(node.value!=null) {
+                // require(node.type in ArrayDatatypes || node.type==DataType.STR) { "final check before asmgen: only string and array variables can still have an init value ${node.name} ${node.type} ${node.position}"}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+*/
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
-class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
-class ParamConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
+class ReturnConvention(val dt: BaseDataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?)
+class ParamConvention(val dt: BaseDataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
 class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConvention) {
     override fun toString(): String {
         val paramConvs =  params.mapIndexed { index, it ->
@@ -13,35 +13,41 @@ class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConve
         }
         val returnConv =
             when {
-                returns.reg!=null -> returns.reg.toString()
-                returns.floatFac1 -> "floatFAC1"
+                returns.reg == RegisterOrPair.FAC1 -> "floatFAC1"
+                returns.reg != null -> returns.reg.toString()
                 else -> "<no returnvalue>"
             }
         return "CallConvention[" + paramConvs.joinToString() + " ; returns: $returnConv]"
     }
 }
 
-class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Array<DataType>)
+class FParam(val name: String, vararg val possibleDatatypes: BaseDataType)
+
+
+private val IterableDatatypes = arrayOf(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW)
+private val IntegerDatatypes = arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)
+private val NumericDatatypes = arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+
 
 class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
-                      val parameters: List<FParam>,
-                      val returnType: DataType?) {
+                 val returnType: BaseDataType?,
+                 vararg val parameters: FParam) {
 
-    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<DataType>): CallConvention {
+    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<BaseDataType>): CallConvention {
         val returns: ReturnConvention = when (returnType) {
-            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
-            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-            DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, null, true)
-            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType!!, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-            null -> ReturnConvention(null, null, false)
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A)
+            BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.FAC1)
+            in IterableDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType!!, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+            null -> ReturnConvention(null, null)
             else -> {
                 // return type depends on arg type
                 when (val paramType = actualParamTypes.first()) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
-                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, true)
-                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                    else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                    BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                    BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    BaseDataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.FAC1)
+                    in IterableDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -49,16 +55,27 @@ class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
         return when {
             actualParamTypes.isEmpty() -> CallConvention(emptyList(), returns)
             actualParamTypes.size==1 -> {
-                // one parameter goes via register/registerpair
+                // One parameter goes via register/registerpair.
+                // this avoids repeated code for every caller to store the value in the subroutine's argument variable.
+                // (that store is still done, but only coded once at the start at the subroutine itself rather than at every call site).
                 val paramConv = when(val paramType = actualParamTypes[0]) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
-                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    BaseDataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)      // NOTE: for builtin functions, floating point arguments are passed by reference (so you get a pointer in AY)
+                    in IterableDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
                     else -> ParamConvention(paramType, null, false)
                 }
                 CallConvention(listOf(paramConv), returns)
             }
+            actualParamTypes.size==2 && (actualParamTypes[0].isByte && actualParamTypes[1].isWord) -> {
+                TODO("opportunity to pass word+byte arguments in A,Y and X registers but not implemented yet")
+            }
+            actualParamTypes.size==2 && (actualParamTypes[0].isWord && actualParamTypes[1].isByte) -> {
+                TODO("opportunity to pass word+byte arguments in A,Y and X registers but not implemented yet")
+            }
+            actualParamTypes.size==3 && actualParamTypes.all { it.isByte } -> {
+                TODO("opportunity to pass 3 byte arguments in A,Y and X registers but not implemented yet")
+            }
             else -> {
                 // multiple parameters go via variables
                 val paramConvs = actualParamTypes.map { ParamConvention(it, null, true) }
@@ -69,67 +86,63 @@ class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
 }
 
 val BuiltinFunctions: Map<String, FSignature> = mapOf(
-    // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
-    "setlsb"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("variable", arrayOf(DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE))), null),
-    "setmsb"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("variable", arrayOf(DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE))), null),
-    "rol"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "ror"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "rol2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "ror2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    // cmp returns a status in the carry flag, but not a proper return value
-    "cmp"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypes), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypes)), null),
-    "prog8_lib_stringcompare"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("str1", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("str2", arrayOf(DataType.STR))), DataType.BYTE),
-    "prog8_lib_arraycopy"         to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("source", ArrayDatatypes), FParam("target", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
-    "prog8_lib_square_byte"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "prog8_lib_square_word"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "prog8_ifelse_bittest_set"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("variable", ByteDatatypes), FParam("bitnumber", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BOOL),
-    "prog8_ifelse_bittest_notset" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("variable", ByteDatatypes), FParam("bitnumber", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BOOL),
-    "abs"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), null),
-    "abs__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
-    "abs__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
-    "abs__float" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT),
-    "len"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), DataType.UWORD),
-    // normal functions follow:
-    "sizeof"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.entries.toTypedArray())), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "sgn"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), DataType.BYTE),
-    "sqrt"        to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), null),
-    "sqrt__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "sqrt__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "sqrt__float" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT),
-    "divmod"           to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("dividend", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("divisor", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("quotient", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "divmod__ubyte"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("dividend", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("divisor", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("quotient", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
-    "divmod__uword"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("dividend", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("divisor", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("quotient", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "lsb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "msb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "mkword"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("msb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "clamp"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), null),
-    "clamp__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
-    "clamp__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "clamp__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
-    "clamp__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "min"        to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), null),
-    "min__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
-    "min__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "min__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
-    "min__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "max"        to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), null),
-    "max__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
-    "max__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "max__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
-    "max__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "peek"      to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "peekw"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "peekf"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.FLOAT),
-    "poke"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
-    "pokew"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "pokef"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), null),
-    "pokemon"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
-    "rsave"     to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
-    "rrestore"  to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
-    "memory"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("name", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("alignment", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "callfar"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "callfar2"  to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("argA", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("argX", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("argY", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("argC", arrayOf(DataType.BOOL))), DataType.UWORD),
-    "call"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "setlsb"  to FSignature(false, null, FParam("variable", BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "setmsb"  to FSignature(false, null, FParam("variable", BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "rol"     to FSignature(false, null, FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "ror"     to FSignature(false, null, FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "rol2"    to FSignature(false, null, FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "ror2"    to FSignature(false, null, FParam("item", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "cmp"     to FSignature(false, null, FParam("value1", *IntegerDatatypes), FParam("value2", *NumericDatatypes)),  // cmp returns a status in the carry flag, but not a proper return value
+    "prog8_lib_stringcompare"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.BYTE, FParam("str1", BaseDataType.STR), FParam("str2", BaseDataType.STR)),
+    "prog8_lib_square_byte"       to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "prog8_lib_square_word"       to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("value", BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "abs"           to FSignature(true, null, FParam("value", *NumericDatatypes)),
+    "abs__byte"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "abs__word"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("value", BaseDataType.WORD)),
+    "abs__float"    to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.FLOAT, FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
+    "len"           to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("values", *IterableDatatypes)),
+    "sizeof"        to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("object", *BaseDataType.entries.toTypedArray())),
+    "sgn"           to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.BYTE, FParam("value", *NumericDatatypes)),
+    "sqrt"          to FSignature(true, null, FParam("value", *NumericDatatypes)),
+    "sqrt__ubyte"   to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "sqrt__uword"   to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "sqrt__float"   to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.FLOAT, FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
+    "divmod"        to FSignature(false, null, FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("quotient", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("remainder", BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "divmod__ubyte" to FSignature(false, null, FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("quotient", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("remainder", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "divmod__uword" to FSignature(false, null, FParam("dividend", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("divisor", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("quotient", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("remainder", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "lsb"           to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
+    "lsw"           to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
+    "msb"           to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
+    "msw"           to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)),
+    "mkword"        to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("msb", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("lsb", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "clamp"         to FSignature(true, null, FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "clamp__byte"   to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.BYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "clamp__ubyte"  to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "clamp__word"   to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.WORD, FParam("value", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.WORD)),
+    "clamp__uword"  to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("minimum", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("maximum", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "min"           to FSignature(true, null, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "min__byte"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.BYTE, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "min__ubyte"    to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "min__word"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.WORD, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.WORD)),
+    "min__uword"    to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "max"           to FSignature(true, null, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "max__byte"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.BYTE, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.BYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.BYTE)),
+    "max__ubyte"    to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "max__word"     to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.WORD, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.WORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.WORD)),
+    "max__uword"    to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("val1", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("val2", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "peek"          to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "peekw"         to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "peekf"         to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.FLOAT, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "poke"          to FSignature(false, null, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "pokew"         to FSignature(false, null, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "pokef"         to FSignature(false, null, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.FLOAT)),
+    "pokemon"       to FSignature(false, BaseDataType.UBYTE, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("value", BaseDataType.UBYTE)),
+    "rsave"         to FSignature(false, null),
+    "rrestore"      to FSignature(false, null),
+    "memory"        to FSignature(true, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("name", BaseDataType.STR), FParam("size", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("alignment", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "callfar"       to FSignature(false, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("bank", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("arg", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
+    "callfar2"      to FSignature(false, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("bank", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD), FParam("argA", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("argX", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("argY", BaseDataType.UBYTE), FParam("argC", BaseDataType.BOOL)),
+    "call"          to FSignature(false, BaseDataType.UWORD, FParam("address", BaseDataType.UWORD)),
 )
 
 val InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions = setOf(

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/CompilationOptions.kt

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                          val compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
                          // these are set later, based on command line arguments or options in the source code:
                          var loadAddress: UInt,
+                         var memtopAddress: UInt,
                          var warnSymbolShadowing: Boolean = false,
                          var optimize: Boolean = false,
                          var asmQuiet: Boolean = false,
@@ -26,13 +27,14 @@ class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                          var varsGolden: Boolean = false,
                          var slabsHighBank: Int? = null,
                          var slabsGolden: Boolean = false,
-                         var splitWordArrays: Boolean = false,
+                         var dontSplitWordArrays: Boolean = false,
                          var breakpointCpuInstruction: String? = null,
+                         var ignoreFootguns: Boolean = false,
                          var outputDir: Path = Path(""),
                          var symbolDefs: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
 ) {
     init {
-        compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
+        compTarget.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
     }
 
     companion object {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Conversions.kt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ fun Number.toHex(): String {
     //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
     //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
     //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
+    //  larger -> "$12345678"
     // negative values are prefixed with '-'.
     val integer = this.toInt()
     if(integer<0)
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ fun Number.toHex(): String {
         in 0 until 16 -> integer.toString()
         in 0 until 0x100 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
         in 0 until 0x10000 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
+        else -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(8,'0')
     }
 }
 
@@ -27,11 +28,12 @@ fun UInt.toHex(): String {
     //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
     //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
     //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
+    //  larger -> "$12345678"
     return when (this) {
         in 0u until 16u -> this.toString()
         in 0u until 0x100u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
         in 0u until 0x10000u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
+        else -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(8,'0')
     }
 }
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Enumerations.kt

@@ -1,63 +1,230 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
-enum class DataType {
+import java.util.Objects
+
+enum class BaseDataType {
     UBYTE,              // pass by value            8 bits unsigned
     BYTE,               // pass by value            8 bits signed
     UWORD,              // pass by value            16 bits unsigned
     WORD,               // pass by value            16 bits signed
     LONG,               // pass by value            32 bits signed
     FLOAT,              // pass by value            machine dependent
-    BOOL,               // pass by value            bit 0 of a 8 bit byte
+    BOOL,               // pass by value            bit 0 of an 8-bit byte
     STR,                // pass by reference
-    ARRAY_UB,           // pass by reference
-    ARRAY_B,            // pass by reference
-    ARRAY_UW,           // pass by reference
-    ARRAY_UW_SPLIT,     // pass by reference, lo/hi byte split
-    ARRAY_W,            // pass by reference
-    ARRAY_W_SPLIT,      // pass by reference, lo/hi byte split
-    ARRAY_F,            // pass by reference
-    ARRAY_BOOL,         // pass by reference
+    ARRAY,              // pass by reference, subtype is the element type
+    ARRAY_SPLITW,       // pass by reference, split word layout, subtype is the element type (restricted to word types)
     UNDEFINED;
 
-    /**
-     * is the type assignable to the given other type (perhaps via a typecast) without loss of precision?
-     */
-    infix fun isAssignableTo(targetType: DataType) =
-        when(this) {
-            BOOL -> targetType == BOOL
-            UBYTE -> targetType.oneOf(UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, LONG, FLOAT)
-            BYTE -> targetType.oneOf(BYTE, WORD, LONG, FLOAT)
-            UWORD -> targetType.oneOf(UWORD, LONG, FLOAT)
-            WORD -> targetType.oneOf(WORD, LONG, FLOAT)
-            LONG -> targetType.oneOf(LONG, FLOAT)
-            FLOAT -> targetType.oneOf(FLOAT)
-            STR -> targetType.oneOf(STR, UWORD)
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> targetType == this
-            else -> false
-        }
 
-    fun oneOf(vararg types: DataType) = this in types
-
-    infix fun largerThan(other: DataType) =
+    fun largerSizeThan(other: BaseDataType) =
         when {
             this == other -> false
-            this in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> false
-            this in WordDatatypes -> other in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean
-            this == LONG -> other in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean+WordDatatypes
+            this.isByteOrBool -> false
+            this.isWord -> other.isByteOrBool
+            this == LONG -> other.isByteOrBool || other.isWord
             this == STR && other == UWORD || this == UWORD && other == STR -> false
+            this.isArray && other.isArray -> false
+            this.isArray -> other != FLOAT
+            this == STR -> other != FLOAT
             else -> true
         }
 
-    infix fun equalsSize(other: DataType) =
+    fun equalsSize(other: BaseDataType) =
         when {
             this == other -> true
-            this in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> other in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean
-            this in WordDatatypes -> other in WordDatatypes
-            this== STR && other== UWORD || this== UWORD && other== STR -> true
+            this.isArray && other.isArray -> true
+            this.isByteOrBool -> other.isByteOrBool
+            this.isWord -> other.isWord
+            this == STR && other== UWORD || this== UWORD && other== STR -> true
+            this == STR && other.isArray -> true
+            this.isArray && other == STR -> true
             else -> false
         }
 }
 
+val BaseDataType.isByte get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE)
+val BaseDataType.isByteOrBool get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.BOOL)
+val BaseDataType.isWord get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD)
+val BaseDataType.isInteger get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG)
+val BaseDataType.isIntegerOrBool get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.BOOL)
+val BaseDataType.isNumeric get() = this == BaseDataType.FLOAT || this.isInteger
+val BaseDataType.isNumericOrBool get() = this == BaseDataType.BOOL || this.isNumeric
+val BaseDataType.isSigned get() = this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+val BaseDataType.isArray get() = this == BaseDataType.ARRAY || this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW
+val BaseDataType.isSplitWordArray get() = this == BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW
+val BaseDataType.isIterable get() =  this in arrayOf(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW)
+val BaseDataType.isPassByRef get() = this.isIterable
+val BaseDataType.isPassByValue get() = !this.isIterable
+
+
+class DataType private constructor(val base: BaseDataType, val sub: BaseDataType?) {
+
+    init {
+        if(base.isArray) {
+            require(sub != null)
+            if(base.isSplitWordArray)
+                require(sub == BaseDataType.UWORD || sub == BaseDataType.WORD)
+        }
+        else if(base==BaseDataType.STR)
+            require(sub==BaseDataType.UBYTE) { "string subtype should be ubyte" }
+        else
+            require(sub == null) { "only string and array base types can have a subtype"}
+    }
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (this === other) return true
+        if (other !is DataType) return false
+        return base == other.base && sub == other.sub
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(base, sub)
+
+    companion object {
+        private val simpletypes = mapOf(
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE to DataType(BaseDataType.UBYTE, null),
+            BaseDataType.BYTE to DataType(BaseDataType.BYTE, null),
+            BaseDataType.UWORD to DataType(BaseDataType.UWORD, null),
+            BaseDataType.WORD to DataType(BaseDataType.WORD, null),
+            BaseDataType.LONG to DataType(BaseDataType.LONG, null),
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT to DataType(BaseDataType.FLOAT, null),
+            BaseDataType.BOOL to DataType(BaseDataType.BOOL, null),
+            BaseDataType.STR to DataType(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.UBYTE),
+            BaseDataType.UNDEFINED to DataType(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED, null)
+        )
+
+        fun forDt(dt: BaseDataType) = simpletypes.getValue(dt)
+
+        fun arrayFor(elementDt: BaseDataType, splitwordarray: Boolean=true): DataType {
+            val actualElementDt = if(elementDt==BaseDataType.STR) BaseDataType.UWORD else elementDt      // array of strings is actually just an array of UWORD pointers
+            return if(splitwordarray && actualElementDt.isWord)
+                DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW, actualElementDt)
+            else {
+                if(actualElementDt.isNumericOrBool && actualElementDt != BaseDataType.LONG)
+                    DataType(BaseDataType.ARRAY, actualElementDt)
+                else
+                    throw NoSuchElementException("invalid element dt $elementDt")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun elementToArray(splitwords: Boolean = true): DataType {
+        return if (base == BaseDataType.UWORD || base == BaseDataType.WORD || base == BaseDataType.STR) arrayFor(base, splitwords)
+        else arrayFor(base, false)
+    }
+
+    fun elementType(): DataType =
+        if(base.isArray || base==BaseDataType.STR)
+            forDt(sub!!)
+        else
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("not an array")
+
+    override fun toString(): String = when(base) {
+        BaseDataType.ARRAY -> {
+            when(sub) {
+                BaseDataType.BOOL -> "bool[]"
+                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> "float[]"
+                BaseDataType.BYTE -> "byte[]"
+                BaseDataType.WORD -> "word[]"
+                BaseDataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte[]"
+                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword[]"
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW -> {
+            when(sub) {
+                BaseDataType.WORD -> "word[] (split)"
+                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword[] (split)"
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        else -> base.name.lowercase()
+    }
+
+    fun sourceString(): String = when (base) {
+        BaseDataType.BOOL -> "bool"
+        BaseDataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte"
+        BaseDataType.BYTE -> "byte"
+        BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword"
+        BaseDataType.WORD -> "word"
+        BaseDataType.LONG -> "long"
+        BaseDataType.FLOAT -> "float"
+        BaseDataType.STR -> "str"
+        BaseDataType.ARRAY -> {
+            when(sub) {
+                BaseDataType.UBYTE -> "ubyte["
+                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "@nosplit uword["
+                BaseDataType.BOOL -> "bool["
+                BaseDataType.BYTE -> "byte["
+                BaseDataType.WORD -> "@nosplit word["
+                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> "float["
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW -> {
+            when(sub) {
+                BaseDataType.UWORD -> "uword["
+                BaseDataType.WORD -> "word["
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> throw IllegalArgumentException("wrong dt")
+    }
+
+    // is the type assignable to the given other type (perhaps via a typecast) without loss of precision?
+    infix fun isAssignableTo(targetType: DataType) =
+        when(base) {
+            BaseDataType.BOOL -> targetType.base == BaseDataType.BOOL
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+            BaseDataType.BYTE -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+            BaseDataType.WORD -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+            BaseDataType.LONG -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.LONG, BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+            BaseDataType.STR -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.STR, BaseDataType.UWORD)
+            BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW -> targetType.base in arrayOf(BaseDataType.ARRAY, BaseDataType.ARRAY_SPLITW) && targetType.sub == sub
+            BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> false
+        }
+
+    fun largerSizeThan(other: DataType): Boolean = base.largerSizeThan(other.base)
+    fun equalsSize(other: DataType): Boolean = base.equalsSize(other.base)
+
+    val isUndefined = base == BaseDataType.UNDEFINED
+    val isByte = base.isByte
+    val isUnsignedByte = base == BaseDataType.UBYTE
+    val isSignedByte = base == BaseDataType.BYTE
+    val isByteOrBool = base.isByteOrBool
+    val isWord = base.isWord
+    val isUnsignedWord =  base == BaseDataType.UWORD
+    val isSignedWord =  base == BaseDataType.WORD
+    val isInteger = base.isInteger
+    val isIntegerOrBool = base.isIntegerOrBool
+    val isNumeric = base.isNumeric
+    val isNumericOrBool = base.isNumericOrBool
+    val isSigned = base.isSigned
+    val isUnsigned = !base.isSigned
+    val isArray = base.isArray
+    val isBoolArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.BOOL
+    val isByteArray = base.isArray && (sub == BaseDataType.UBYTE || sub == BaseDataType.BYTE)
+    val isUnsignedByteArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.UBYTE
+    val isSignedByteArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.BYTE
+    val isWordArray = base.isArray && (sub == BaseDataType.UWORD || sub == BaseDataType.WORD)
+    val isUnsignedWordArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.UWORD
+    val isSignedWordArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.WORD
+    val isFloatArray = base.isArray && sub == BaseDataType.FLOAT
+    val isString = base == BaseDataType.STR
+    val isBool = base == BaseDataType.BOOL
+    val isFloat = base == BaseDataType.FLOAT
+    val isLong = base == BaseDataType.LONG
+    val isStringly = base == BaseDataType.STR || base == BaseDataType.UWORD || (base == BaseDataType.ARRAY && (sub == BaseDataType.UBYTE || sub == BaseDataType.BYTE))
+    val isSplitWordArray = base.isSplitWordArray
+    val isSplitUnsignedWordArray = base.isSplitWordArray && sub == BaseDataType.UWORD
+    val isSplitSignedWordArray = base.isSplitWordArray && sub == BaseDataType.WORD
+    val isIterable =  base.isIterable
+    val isPassByRef = base.isPassByRef
+    val isPassByValue = base.isPassByValue
+}
+
+
 enum class CpuRegister {
     A,
     X,
@@ -95,6 +262,17 @@ enum class RegisterOrPair {
         else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("no cpu hardware register for $this")
     }
 
+    fun asScopedNameVirtualReg(type: DataType?): List<String> {
+        require(this in Cx16VirtualRegisters)
+        val suffix = when(type?.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BOOL -> "L"
+            BaseDataType.BYTE -> "sL"
+            BaseDataType.WORD -> "s"
+            BaseDataType.UWORD, null -> ""
+            else -> throw kotlin.IllegalArgumentException("invalid register param type")
+        }
+        return listOf("cx16", name.lowercase()+suffix)
+    }
 }       // only used in parameter and return value specs in asm subroutines
 
 enum class Statusflag {
@@ -123,48 +301,6 @@ enum class BranchCondition {
     VC
 }
 
-
-val ByteDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE)
-val ByteDatatypesWithBoolean = ByteDatatypes + DataType.BOOL
-val WordDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
-val IntegerDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.LONG)
-val IntegerDatatypesWithBoolean = IntegerDatatypes + DataType.BOOL
-val NumericDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.LONG, DataType.FLOAT)
-val NumericDatatypesWithBoolean = NumericDatatypes + DataType.BOOL
-val SignedDatatypes =  arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD, DataType.LONG, DataType.FLOAT)
-val ArrayDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_F, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL)
-val StringlyDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.UWORD)
-val SplitWordArrayTypes = arrayOf(DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT)
-val IterableDatatypes = arrayOf(
-    DataType.STR,
-    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B,
-    DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W,
-    DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT,
-    DataType.ARRAY_F, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL
-)
-val PassByValueDatatypes = NumericDatatypesWithBoolean
-val PassByReferenceDatatypes = IterableDatatypes
-val ArrayToElementTypes = mapOf(
-    DataType.STR to DataType.UBYTE,
-    DataType.ARRAY_B to DataType.BYTE,
-    DataType.ARRAY_UB to DataType.UBYTE,
-    DataType.ARRAY_W to DataType.WORD,
-    DataType.ARRAY_UW to DataType.UWORD,
-    DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT to DataType.WORD,
-    DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT to DataType.UWORD,
-    DataType.ARRAY_F to DataType.FLOAT,
-    DataType.ARRAY_BOOL to DataType.BOOL
-)
-val ElementToArrayTypes = mapOf(
-    DataType.BYTE to DataType.ARRAY_B,
-    DataType.UBYTE to DataType.ARRAY_UB,
-    DataType.WORD to DataType.ARRAY_W,
-    DataType.UWORD to DataType.ARRAY_UW,
-    DataType.FLOAT to DataType.ARRAY_F,
-    DataType.BOOL to DataType.ARRAY_BOOL,
-    DataType.STR to DataType.ARRAY_UW          // array of str is just an array of pointers
-)
-
 val Cx16VirtualRegisters = arrayOf(
     RegisterOrPair.R0, RegisterOrPair.R1, RegisterOrPair.R2, RegisterOrPair.R3,
     RegisterOrPair.R4, RegisterOrPair.R5, RegisterOrPair.R6, RegisterOrPair.R7,
@@ -172,7 +308,7 @@ val Cx16VirtualRegisters = arrayOf(
     RegisterOrPair.R12, RegisterOrPair.R13, RegisterOrPair.R14, RegisterOrPair.R15
 )
 
-val CpuRegisters = setOf(
+val CpuRegisters = arrayOf(
     RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.Y,
     RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY
 )
@@ -181,7 +317,8 @@ val CpuRegisters = setOf(
 enum class OutputType {
     RAW,
     PRG,
-    XEX
+    XEX,
+    LIBRARY
 }
 
 enum class CbmPrgLauncherType {
@@ -203,3 +340,9 @@ enum class ZeropageWish {
     DONTCARE,
     NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE
 }
+
+enum class SplitWish {
+    DONTCARE,
+    SPLIT,
+    NOSPLIT
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+enum class CpuType {
+    CPU6502,
+    CPU65C02,
+    VIRTUAL
+}
+
 interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
     val name: String
-    val machine: IMachineDefinition
+
+    val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
+    val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
+    val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
+    val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE: UInt        // this is here, so that certain compiler targets are able to tune this
+    val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
+    val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS: UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
+    val BSSGOLDENRAM_START: UInt
+    val BSSGOLDENRAM_END: UInt
+
+    val cpu: CpuType
+    var zeropage: Zeropage
+    var golden: GoldenRam
+    val libraryPath: Path?
+    val customLauncher: List<String>
+    val additionalAssemblerOptions: String?
+
+    fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
+    fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String
+
+    fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte>
+    fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double
+
+    fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path)
+    fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean
 
     override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
     override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.core
-
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-enum class CpuType {
-    CPU6502,
-    CPU65c02,
-    VIRTUAL
-}
-
-interface IMachineDefinition {
-    val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
-    val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
-    val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
-    val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
-    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
-    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
-    val BSSGOLDENRAM_START: UInt
-    val BSSGOLDENRAM_END: UInt
-
-    val cpu: CpuType
-    var zeropage: Zeropage
-    var golden: GoldenRam
-
-    fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
-    fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String
-
-    fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte>
-    fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double
-
-    fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path)
-    fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IMemSizer.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
 interface IMemSizer {
-    fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int
-    fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int): Int
+    fun memorySize(dt: DataType, numElements: Int?): Int
+
+    fun memorySize(dt: BaseDataType): Int {
+        if(dt.isPassByRef)
+            return memorySize(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), null)      // a pointer size
+        try {
+            return memorySize(DataType.forDt(dt), null)
+        } catch (x: NoSuchElementException) {
+            throw IllegalArgumentException(x.message)
+        }
+    }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IStringEncoding.kt

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ enum class Encoding(val prefix: String) {
     ISO5("iso5"),               // cx16  (iso-8859-5, cyrillic)
     ISO16("iso16"),             // cx16  (iso-8859-16, eastern european)
     CP437("cp437"),             // cx16  (ibm pc, codepage 437)
-    KATAKANA("kata")                 // cx16  (katakana)
+    KATAKANA("kata"),           // cx16  (katakana)
+    C64OS("c64os")              // c64 (C64 OS)
 }
 
 interface IStringEncoding {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/MemoryRegions.kt

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ abstract class MemoryAllocator(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
 abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
 
     abstract val SCRATCH_B1 : UInt      // temp storage for a single byte
-    abstract val SCRATCH_REG : UInt     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    abstract val SCRATCH_REG : UInt     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
     abstract val SCRATCH_W1 : UInt      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     abstract val SCRATCH_W2 : UInt      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
             for (reserved in options.zpReserved)
                 reserve(reserved)
 
-            free.removeAll(setOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1u, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1u))
+            free.removeAll(arrayOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1u, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1u))
         }
     }
 
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
             return Err(MemAllocationError("zero page usage has been disabled"))
 
         val size: Int =
-                when (datatype) {
-                    in IntegerDatatypesWithBoolean -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype)
-                    DataType.STR, in ArrayDatatypes  -> {
+                when {
+                    datatype.isIntegerOrBool -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, null)
+                    datatype.isString || datatype.isArray -> {
                         val memsize = options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
                         if(position!=null)
                             errors.warn("allocating a large value in zeropage; str/array $memsize bytes", position)
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
                             errors.warn("$name: allocating a large value in zeropage; str/array $memsize bytes", Position.DUMMY)
                         memsize
                     }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    datatype.isFloat -> {
                         if (options.floats) {
-                            val memsize = options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                            val memsize = options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT), null)
                             if(position!=null)
                                 errors.warn("allocating a large value in zeropage; float $memsize bytes", position)
                             else
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
                 }
 
         synchronized(this) {
-            if(free.size > 0) {
+            if(free.isNotEmpty()) {
                 if(size==1) {
                     for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
                         if(oneSeparateByteFree(candidate))
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
         require(size>=0)
         free.removeAll(address until address+size.toUInt())
         if(name.isNotEmpty()) {
-            allocatedVariables[name] = when(datatype) {
-                in NumericDatatypes, DataType.BOOL -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
-                DataType.STR -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+            allocatedVariables[name] = when {
+                datatype.isNumericOrBool -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
+                datatype.isString -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+                datatype.isArray -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
             }
         }
@@ -133,8 +133,6 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
         require(size>0)
         return free.containsAll((address until address+size.toUInt()).toList())
     }
-
-    abstract fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
 }
 
 
@@ -150,14 +148,13 @@ class GoldenRam(options: CompilationOptions, val region: UIntRange): MemoryAlloc
         errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {
 
         val size: Int =
-            when (datatype) {
-                in IntegerDatatypesWithBoolean -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype)
-                DataType.STR, in ArrayDatatypes  -> {
-                    options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
-                }
-                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+            when {
+                datatype.isIntegerOrBool -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, null)
+                datatype.isString -> numElements!!
+                datatype.isArray -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
+                datatype.isFloat -> {
                     if (options.floats) {
-                        options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                        options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT), null)
                     } else return Err(MemAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
                 }
                 else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Operators.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
-val AssociativeOperators = setOf("+", "*", "&", "|", "^", "==", "!=", "xor")       // note: and,or are no longer associative because of Shortcircuit/McCarthy evaluation
-val ComparisonOperators = setOf("==", "!=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=")
-val LogicalOperators = setOf("and", "or", "xor", "not", "in")
-val BitwiseOperators = setOf("&", "|", "^", "~")
-val PrefixOperators = setOf("+", "-", "~", "not")
+val AssociativeOperators = arrayOf("+", "*", "&", "|", "^", "==", "!=", "xor")       // note: and,or are not associative because of Shortcircuit/McCarthy evaluation
+val ComparisonOperators = arrayOf("==", "!=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=")
+val LogicalOperators = arrayOf("and", "or", "xor", "not", "in")
+val BitwiseOperators = arrayOf("&", "|", "^", "~")
+val PrefixOperators = arrayOf("+", "-", "~", "not")
 
 fun invertedComparisonOperator(operator: String) =
     when (operator) {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Position.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
-import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.LIBRARYFILEPREFIX
+import prog8.code.source.SourceCode
 import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.absolute
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ data class Position(val file: String, val line: Int, val startCol: Int, val endC
     fun toClickableStr(): String {
         if(this===DUMMY)
             return ""
-        if(file.startsWith(LIBRARYFILEPREFIX))
+        if(SourceCode.isLibraryResource(file))
             return "$file:$line:$startCol:"
         return try {
             val path = Path(file).absolute().normalize().toString()
             "file://$path:$line:$startCol:"
-        } catch(x: InvalidPathException) {
+        } catch(_: InvalidPathException) {
             // this can occur on Windows when the source origin contains "invalid" characters such as ':'
             "file://$file:$line:$startCol:"
         }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/optimize/Optimizer.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 package prog8.code.optimize
 
-import prog8.code.StRomSub
+import prog8.code.StExtSub
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
 
 
-fun optimizeIntermediateAst(program: PtProgram, options: CompilationOptions, st: SymbolTable, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+fun optimizeSimplifiedAst(program: PtProgram, options: CompilationOptions, st: SymbolTable, errors: IErrorReporter) {
     if (!options.optimize)
         return
     while (errors.noErrors() &&
-            (optimizeBitTest(program, options)
-            + optimizeAssignTargets(program, st, errors)) > 0
-    ) {
+        optimizeAssignTargets(program, st) + optimizeWordPlusTimesTwo(program, options) > 0) {
         // keep rolling
     }
 }
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ private fun walkAst(root: PtNode, act: (node: PtNode, depth: Int) -> Boolean) {
 }
 
 
-private fun optimizeAssignTargets(program: PtProgram, st: SymbolTable, errors: IErrorReporter): Int {
+private fun optimizeAssignTargets(program: PtProgram, st: SymbolTable): Int {
     var changes = 0
     walkAst(program) { node: PtNode, depth: Int ->
         if(node is PtAssignment) {
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ private fun optimizeAssignTargets(program: PtProgram, st: SymbolTable, errors: I
             }
             if(functionName!=null) {
                 val stNode = st.lookup(functionName)
-                if (stNode is StRomSub) {
+                if (stNode is StExtSub) {
                     require(node.children.size==stNode.returns.size+1) {
                         "number of targets must match return values"
                     }
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ private fun optimizeAssignTargets(program: PtProgram, st: SymbolTable, errors: I
                 if(node.children.dropLast(1).all { (it as PtAssignTarget).void }) {
                     // all targets are now void, the whole assignment can be discarded and replaced by just a (void) call to the subroutine
                     val index = node.parent.children.indexOf(node)
-                    val voidCall = PtFunctionCall(functionName, true, value.type, value.position)
+                    val voidCall = PtFunctionCall(functionName, true, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED), value.position)
                     value.children.forEach { voidCall.add(it) }
                     node.parent.children[index] = voidCall
                     voidCall.parent = node.parent
@@ -74,50 +73,6 @@ private fun optimizeAssignTargets(program: PtProgram, st: SymbolTable, errors: I
 }
 
 
-private fun optimizeBitTest(program: PtProgram, options: CompilationOptions): Int {
-    if(options.compTarget.machine.cpu == CpuType.VIRTUAL)
-        return 0        // the special bittest optimization is not yet valid for the IR
-
-    var changes = 0
-    var recurse = true
-    walkAst(program) { node: PtNode, depth: Int ->
-        if(node is PtIfElse) {
-            val condition = node.condition as? PtBinaryExpression
-            if(condition!=null && (condition.operator=="==" || condition.operator=="!=")) {
-                if(condition.right.asConstInteger()==0) {
-                    val and = condition.left as? PtBinaryExpression
-                    if(and != null && and.operator=="&" && and.type == DataType.UBYTE) {
-                        val variable = and.left as? PtIdentifier
-                        val bitmask = and.right.asConstInteger()
-                        if(variable!=null && variable.type in ByteDatatypes && (bitmask==128 || bitmask==64)) {
-                            val setOrNot = if(condition.operator=="!=") "set" else "notset"
-                            val index = node.parent.children.indexOf(node)
-                            val bittestCall = PtBuiltinFunctionCall("prog8_ifelse_bittest_$setOrNot", false, true, DataType.BOOL, node.condition.position)
-                            bittestCall.add(variable)
-                            if(bitmask==128)
-                                bittestCall.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 7.0, and.right.position))
-                            else
-                                bittestCall.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 6.0, and.right.position))
-                            val ifElse = PtIfElse(node.position)
-                            ifElse.add(bittestCall)
-                            ifElse.add(node.ifScope)
-                            if(node.hasElse())
-                                ifElse.add(node.elseScope)
-                            node.parent.children[index] = ifElse
-                            ifElse.parent = node.parent
-                            changes++
-                            recurse = false
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        recurse
-    }
-    return changes
-}
-
-
 internal fun isSame(identifier: PtIdentifier, type: DataType, returnedRegister: RegisterOrPair): Boolean {
     if(returnedRegister in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
         val regname = returnedRegister.name.lowercase()
@@ -130,12 +85,12 @@ internal fun isSame(identifier: PtIdentifier, type: DataType, returnedRegister:
             cx16.r?sL  BYTE
             cx16.r?sH  BYTE
          */
-        if(identifier.type in ByteDatatypes && type in ByteDatatypes) {
+        if(identifier.type.isByte && type.isByte) {
             if(identifier.name.startsWith("cx16.$regname") && identifierRegName.startsWith(regname)) {
                 return identifierRegName.substring(2) in arrayOf("", "L", "sL")     // note: not the -H (msb) variants!
             }
         }
-        else if(identifier.type in WordDatatypes && type in WordDatatypes) {
+        else if(identifier.type.isWord && type.isWord) {
             if(identifier.name.startsWith("cx16.$regname") && identifierRegName.startsWith(regname)) {
                 return identifierRegName.substring(2) in arrayOf("", "s")
             }
@@ -143,3 +98,42 @@ internal fun isSame(identifier: PtIdentifier, type: DataType, returnedRegister:
     }
     return false   // there are no identifiers directly corresponding to cpu registers
 }
+
+
+private fun optimizeWordPlusTimesTwo(program: PtProgram, options: CompilationOptions): Int {
+    if(options.compTarget.name== VMTarget.NAME)
+        return 0
+    var changes = 0
+    walkAst(program) { node: PtNode, depth: Int ->
+        if (node is PtBinaryExpression) {
+            if(node.operator=="*" && node.right.type.isWord && node.right.asConstValue()==2.0) {
+                TODO("optimize word + byte*2 (usually already replaced by w+b<<2)")
+            }
+            else if(node.operator=="<<" && node.right.asConstValue()==1.0) {
+                val typecast=node.left as? PtTypeCast
+                if(typecast!=null && typecast.type.isWord && typecast.value is PtIdentifier) {
+                    val addition = node.parent as? PtBinaryExpression
+                    if(addition!=null && (addition.operator=="+" || addition.operator=="-") && addition.type.isWord) {
+                        // word + (byte<<1 as uword) (== word + byte*2)  -->  (word + (byte as word)) + (byte as word)
+                        val parent = addition.parent
+                        val index = parent.children.indexOf(addition)
+                        val addFirst = PtBinaryExpression(addition.operator, addition.type, addition.position)
+                        val addSecond = PtBinaryExpression(addition.operator, addition.type, addition.position)
+                        if(addition.left===node)
+                            addFirst.add(addition.right)
+                        else
+                            addFirst.add(addition.left)
+                        addFirst.add(typecast)
+                        addSecond.add(addFirst)
+                        addSecond.add(typecast.copy())
+                        parent.children[index] = addSecond
+                        addSecond.parent = parent
+                        changes++
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+    return changes
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/source/ImportFileSystem.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package prog8.code.source
+
+import prog8.code.core.Position
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.util.TreeMap
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.absolute
+
+
+// Resource caching "filesystem".
+// Note that it leaves the decision to load a resource or an actual disk file to the caller.
+
+object ImportFileSystem {
+
+    fun expandTilde(path: String): String = if (path.startsWith("~")) {
+        val userHome = System.getProperty("user.home")
+        userHome + path.drop(1)
+    } else {
+        path
+    }
+
+    fun expandTilde(path: Path): Path = Path(expandTilde(path.toString()))
+
+    fun getFile(path: Path, isLibrary: Boolean=false): SourceCode {
+        val normalized = path.absolute().normalize()
+        val cached = cache[normalized.toString()]
+        if (cached != null)
+            return cached
+        val file = SourceCode.File(normalized, isLibrary)
+        cache[normalized.toString()] = file
+        return file
+    }
+
+    fun getResource(name: String): SourceCode {
+        val cached = cache[name]
+        if (cached != null) return cached
+        val resource = SourceCode.Resource(name)
+        cache[name] = resource
+        return resource
+    }
+
+    fun retrieveSourceLine(position: Position): String {
+        if(SourceCode.isLibraryResource(position.file)) {
+            val cached = cache[SourceCode.withoutPrefix(position.file)]
+            if(cached != null)
+                return getLine(cached, position.line)
+        }
+        val cached = cache[position.file]
+        if(cached != null)
+            return getLine(cached, position.line)
+        val path = Path(position.file).absolute().normalize()
+        val cached2 = cache[path.toString()]
+        if(cached2 != null)
+            return getLine(cached2, position.line)
+        throw NoSuchElementException("cannot get source line $position, with path $path")
+    }
+
+    private fun getLine(code: SourceCode, lineIndex: Int): String {
+        var spans = lineSpanCache[code]
+        if(spans==null) {
+            val lineSpans = Regex("^", RegexOption.MULTILINE).findAll(code.text).map { it.range.first }
+            val ends = lineSpans.drop(1) + code.text.length
+            spans = lineSpans.zip(ends).map { (start, end) -> LineSpan(start, end) }.toList().toTypedArray()
+            lineSpanCache[code] = spans
+        }
+        val span = spans[lineIndex - 1]
+        return code.text.substring(span.start, span.end).trim()
+    }
+
+    private class LineSpan(val start: Int, val end: Int)
+
+    private val cache = TreeMap<String, SourceCode>(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER)
+    private val lineSpanCache = mutableMapOf<SourceCode, Array<LineSpan>>()
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/source/SourceCode.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
-package prog8.code.core
+package prog8.code.source
 
-import java.io.File
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import java.text.Normalizer
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.absolute
 import kotlin.io.path.readText
 
-
-const val internedStringsModuleName = "prog8_interned_strings"
-
-
 /**
  * Encapsulates - and ties together - actual source code (=text) and its [origin].
  */
@@ -26,6 +22,11 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
      */
     abstract val isFromFilesystem: Boolean
 
+    /**
+     * Whether this [SourceCode] instance was created from a library module file
+     */
+    abstract val isFromLibrary: Boolean
+
     /**
      * The logical name of the source code unit. Usually the module's name.
      */
@@ -55,14 +56,21 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
         /**
          * filename prefix to designate library files that will be retreived from internal resources rather than disk
          */
-        const val LIBRARYFILEPREFIX = "library:"
-        const val STRINGSOURCEPREFIX = "string:"
-        val curdir: Path = Path(".").toAbsolutePath()
-        fun relative(path: Path): Path = curdir.relativize(path.toAbsolutePath())
-        fun isRegularFilesystemPath(pathString: String) =
-            !(pathString.startsWith(LIBRARYFILEPREFIX) || pathString.startsWith(STRINGSOURCEPREFIX))
-
+        private const val LIBRARYFILEPREFIX = "library:"
+        private const val STRINGSOURCEPREFIX = "string:"
+        val curdir: Path = Path(".").absolute()
+        fun relative(path: Path): Path = curdir.relativize(path.absolute())
+        fun isRegularFilesystemPath(pathString: String) = !isLibraryResource(pathString) && !isStringResource(pathString)
         fun isLibraryResource(path: String) = path.startsWith(LIBRARYFILEPREFIX)
+        fun isStringResource(path: String) = path.startsWith(STRINGSOURCEPREFIX)
+        fun withoutPrefix(path: String): String {
+            return if(isLibraryResource(path))
+                path.removePrefix(LIBRARYFILEPREFIX)
+            else if(isStringResource(path))
+                path.removePrefix(STRINGSOURCEPREFIX)
+            else
+                path
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -73,6 +81,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
         override val text = origText.replace("\\R".toRegex(), "\n")      // normalize line endings
         override val isFromResources = false
         override val isFromFilesystem = false
+        override val isFromLibrary = false
         override val origin = "$STRINGSOURCEPREFIX${System.identityHashCode(text).toString(16)}"
         override val name = "<unnamed-text>"
     }
@@ -80,12 +89,13 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
     /**
      * Get [SourceCode] from the file represented by the specified Path.
      * This immediately reads the file fully into memory.
+     * You can only get an instance of this via the ImportFileSystem object.
      *
      * [origin] will be the given path in absolute and normalized form.
      * @throws NoSuchFileException if the file does not exist
      * @throws FileSystemException if the file cannot be read
      */
-    class File(path: Path): SourceCode() {
+    internal class File(path: Path, override val isFromLibrary: Boolean): SourceCode() {
         override val text: String
         override val origin: String
         override val name: String
@@ -109,12 +119,14 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
 
     /**
      * [origin]: `library:/x/y/z.p8` for a given `pathString` of "x/y/z.p8"
+     * You can only get an instance of this via the ImportFileSystem object.
      */
-    class Resource(pathString: String): SourceCode() {
+    internal class Resource(pathString: String): SourceCode() {
         private val normalized = "/" + Path(pathString).normalize().toMutableList().joinToString("/")
 
         override val isFromResources = true
         override val isFromFilesystem = false
+        override val isFromLibrary = true
         override val origin = "$LIBRARYFILEPREFIX$normalized"
         override val text: String
         override val name: String
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
             if (rscURL == null) {
                 val rscRoot = object {}.javaClass.getResource("/")
                 throw NoSuchFileException(
-                    File(normalized),
+                    java.io.File(normalized),
                     reason = "looked in resources rooted at $rscRoot"
                 )
             }
@@ -141,37 +153,8 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
     class Generated(override val name: String) : SourceCode() {
         override val isFromResources: Boolean = false
         override val isFromFilesystem: Boolean = false
+        override val isFromLibrary: Boolean = false
         override val origin: String = name
         override val text: String = "<generated code node, no text representation>"
     }
-}
-
-
-object SourceLineCache {
-    private val cache = mutableMapOf<String, List<String>>()
-
-    private fun getCachedFile(file: String): List<String> {
-        val existing = cache[file]
-        if(existing!=null)
-            return existing
-        if (SourceCode.isRegularFilesystemPath(file)) {
-            val source = SourceCode.File(Path(file))
-            cache[file] = source.text.split('\n', '\r').map { it.trim() }
-            return cache.getValue(file)
-        } else if(file.startsWith(SourceCode.LIBRARYFILEPREFIX)) {
-            val source = SourceCode.Resource(file.drop(SourceCode.LIBRARYFILEPREFIX.length))
-            cache[file] = source.text.split('\n', '\r').map { it.trim()}
-            return cache.getValue(file)
-        }
-        return emptyList()
-    }
-
-    fun retrieveLine(position: Position): String? {
-        if (position.line>0) {
-            val lines = getCachedFile(position.file)
-            if(lines.isNotEmpty())
-                return lines[position.line-1]
-        }
-        return null
-    }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/AtariTarget.kt

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.atari.AtariMachineDefinition
-
-
-class AtariTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer {
-    override val name = NAME
-    override val machine = AtariMachineDefinition()
-    override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.ATASCII
-
-    companion object {
-        const val NAME = "atari"
-    }
-
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
-        return when(dt) {
-            in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> 1
-            in WordDatatypes, in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> 2
-            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid datatype")
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) =
-        if(arrayDt==DataType.UWORD)
-            numElements    // pointer to bytes.
-        else
-            memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)) * numElements
-
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/C128Target.kt

@@ -1,19 +1,73 @@
 package prog8.code.target
 
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
-import prog8.code.target.c128.C128MachineDefinition
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
+import prog8.code.target.zp.C128Zeropage
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
-class C128Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
+class C128Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
     override val name = NAME
-    override val machine = C128MachineDefinition()
     override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
+    override val libraryPath = null
+    override val customLauncher: List<String> = emptyList()
+    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = null
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "c128"
     }
+
+
+    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
+
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
+    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x1c01u
+    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0xc000u
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u  // TODO
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u    // TODO
+
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
+
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
+
+    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
+        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
+    }
+
+    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
+        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
+        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
+        return m5.toDouble()
+    }
+
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
+            System.err.println("The c128 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
+            return
+        }
+
+        println("\nStarting C-128 emulator x128...")
+        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+        val cmdline = listOf("x128", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
+            "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
+        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+        val process: Process = processb.start()
+        process.waitFor()
+    }
+
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
+
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = C128Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)    // TODO does the c128 have some of this somewhere?
+    }
+
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/C64Target.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,87 @@
 package prog8.code.target
 
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
-import prog8.code.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
+import prog8.code.target.zp.C64Zeropage
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
-class C64Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
+class C64Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.Companion.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
     override val name = NAME
-    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition()
     override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
+    override val libraryPath = null
+    override val customLauncher: List<String> = emptyList()
+    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = null
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "c64"
 
         fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"
     }
+
+
+    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
+
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
+    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
+    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0xcfe0u      // $a000  if floats are used
+    // note that at $cfe0-$cfff are the 16 'virtual registers' R0-R15
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xc000u
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xcfdfu
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u        // no golden ram on C64
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u
+
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
+
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
+
+    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
+        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
+    }
+
+    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
+        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
+        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
+        return m5.toDouble()
+    }
+
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
+            System.err.println("The c64 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
+            return
+        }
+
+        for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
+            println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
+            val viceMonlist = viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
+                "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
+            val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+            val process: Process
+            try {
+                process=processb.start()
+            } catch(_: IOException) {
+                continue  // try the next emulator executable
+            }
+            process.waitFor()
+            break
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
+
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)
+    }
+
 }
 
 
@@ -26,7 +90,6 @@ val CompilationTargets = listOf(
     C128Target.NAME,
     Cx16Target.NAME,
     PETTarget.NAME,
-    AtariTarget.NAME,
     VMTarget.NAME
 )
 
@@ -35,7 +98,6 @@ fun getCompilationTargetByName(name: String) = when(name.lowercase()) {
     C128Target.NAME -> C128Target()
     Cx16Target.NAME -> Cx16Target()
     PETTarget.NAME -> PETTarget()
-    AtariTarget.NAME -> AtariTarget()
     VMTarget.NAME -> VMTarget()
     else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid compilation target")
-}
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/ConfigFileTarget.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package prog8.code.target
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.source.ImportFileSystem.expandTilde
+import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
+import prog8.code.target.zp.ConfigurableZeropage
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.util.*
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.inputStream
+import kotlin.io.path.isDirectory
+import kotlin.io.path.nameWithoutExtension
+
+
+class ConfigFileTarget(
+    override val name: String,
+    override val defaultEncoding: Encoding,
+    override val cpu: CpuType,
+    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS: UInt,
+    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS: UInt,
+    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE: UInt,
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt,
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt,
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START: UInt,
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END: UInt,
+    override val libraryPath: Path,
+    override val customLauncher: List<String>,
+    override val additionalAssemblerOptions: String?,
+    val ioAddresses: List<UIntRange>,
+    val zpScratchB1: UInt,
+    val zpScratchReg: UInt,
+    val zpScratchW1: UInt,
+    val zpScratchW2: UInt,
+    val virtualregistersStart: UInt,
+    val zpFullsafe: List<UIntRange>,
+    val zpKernalsafe: List<UIntRange>,
+    val zpBasicsafe: List<UIntRange>
+): ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(8) {
+
+    companion object {
+
+        private fun Properties.getString(property: String): String {
+            val value = this.getProperty(property, null)
+            if(value!=null)
+                return value
+            throw NoSuchElementException("string property '$property' not found in config file")
+        }
+
+        private fun Properties.getInteger(property: String): UInt {
+            val value = this.getProperty(property, null)
+            if(value!=null) return parseInt(value)
+            throw NoSuchElementException("integer property '$property' not found in config file")
+        }
+
+        private fun parseInt(value: String): UInt {
+            if(value.startsWith("0x"))
+                return value.drop(2).toUInt(16)
+            if(value.startsWith("$"))
+                return value.drop(1).toUInt(16)
+            if(value.startsWith("%"))
+                return value.drop(1).toUInt(2)
+            return value.toUInt()
+        }
+
+        private fun parseAddressRanges(key: String, props: Properties): List<UIntRange> {
+            val rangesStr = props.getString(key)
+            if(rangesStr.isBlank())
+                return emptyList()
+            val result = mutableListOf<UIntRange>()
+            val ranges = rangesStr.split(",").map { it.trim() }
+            for(r in ranges) {
+                if ('-' in r) {
+                    val (fromStr, toStr) = r.split("-")
+                    val from = parseInt(fromStr.trim())
+                    val to = parseInt(toStr.trim())
+                    result.add(from..to)
+                } else {
+                    val address = parseInt(r)
+                    result.add(address..address)
+                }
+            }
+            return result
+        }
+
+        fun fromConfigFile(configfile: Path): ConfigFileTarget {
+            val props = Properties()
+            props.load(configfile.inputStream())
+
+            val cpuString = props.getString("cpu").uppercase()
+            val cpuType = try {
+                CpuType.valueOf(cpuString)
+            } catch (_: IllegalArgumentException) {
+                CpuType.valueOf("CPU$cpuString")
+            }
+            val ioAddresses = parseAddressRanges("io_regions", props)
+            val zpFullsafe = parseAddressRanges("zp_fullsafe", props)
+            val zpKernalsafe = parseAddressRanges("zp_kernalsafe", props)
+            val zpBasicsafe = parseAddressRanges("zp_basicsafe", props)
+
+            val libraryPath = expandTilde(Path(props.getString("library")))
+            if(!libraryPath.isDirectory())
+                throw IOException("invalid library path: $libraryPath")
+
+            val customLauncherStr = props.getProperty("custom_launcher_code", null)
+            val customLauncher =
+                if(customLauncherStr?.isNotBlank()==true)
+                    (customLauncherStr+"\n").lines().map { it.trimEnd() }
+                else emptyList()
+            val assemblerOptionsStr = props.getProperty("assembler_options", "").trim()
+            val assemblerOptions = if(assemblerOptionsStr.isBlank()) null else assemblerOptionsStr
+
+            return ConfigFileTarget(
+                configfile.nameWithoutExtension,
+                Encoding.entries.first { it.prefix==props.getString("encoding") },
+                cpuType,
+                props.getInteger("load_address"),
+                props.getInteger("memtop"),
+                0u,         // used only in a very specific error condition check in a certain scenario...
+                props.getInteger("bss_highram_start"),
+                props.getInteger("bss_highram_end"),
+                props.getInteger("bss_goldenram_start"),
+                props.getInteger("bss_goldenram_end"),
+                libraryPath,
+                customLauncher,
+                assemblerOptions,
+                ioAddresses,
+                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_b1"),
+                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_reg"),
+                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_w1"),
+                props.getInteger("zp_scratch_w2"),
+                props.getInteger("virtual_registers"),
+                zpFullsafe,
+                zpKernalsafe,
+                zpBasicsafe,
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO floats are not yet supported here, just enter some values
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = 9.999999999e97
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -9.999999999e97
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 8
+
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam     // TODO this is not yet used
+
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("floats")
+    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> = TODO("floats")
+    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double = TODO("floats")
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Custom compiler target cannot automatically launch an emulator. Do this manually.")
+    }
+
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = ioAddresses.any { address in it }
+
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = ConfigurableZeropage(
+            zpScratchB1, zpScratchReg, zpScratchW1, zpScratchW2,
+            virtualregistersStart,
+            zpBasicsafe,
+            zpKernalsafe,
+            zpFullsafe,
+            compilerOptions
+        )
+        // note: there's no golden ram yet
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/Cx16Target.kt

@@ -1,19 +1,86 @@
 package prog8.code.target
 
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer
-import prog8.code.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
+import prog8.code.target.zp.CX16Zeropage
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
-class Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
+class Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.Companion.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
     override val name = NAME
-    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition()
     override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
+    override val libraryPath = null
+    override val customLauncher: List<String> = emptyList()
+    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = null
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "cx16"
     }
+
+
+    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU65C02
+
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
+    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
+    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0x9f00u
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xa000u     // hiram bank 1, 8Kb, assumed to be active
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xbfffu       // Rom starts at $c000
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0x0400u
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0x07ffu
+
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
+
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
+
+    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
+        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
+    }
+
+    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
+        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
+        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
+        return m5.toDouble()
+    }
+
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        val emulator: String
+        val extraArgs: List<String>
+
+        when(selectedEmulator) {
+            1 -> {
+                emulator = "x16emu"
+                extraArgs = listOf("-debug")
+            }
+            2 -> {
+                emulator = "box16"
+                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
+            }
+            else -> {
+                System.err.println("Cx16 target only supports x16emu and box16 emulators.")
+                return
+            }
+        }
+
+        println("\nStarting Commander X16 emulator $emulator...")
+        val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-rtc", "-run", "-prg", "${programNameWithPath}.prg") + extraArgs
+        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+        processb.environment()["PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC"] = "10"
+        val process: Process = processb.start()
+        process.waitFor()
+    }
+
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0x9f00u..0x9fffu
+
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, BSSGOLDENRAM_START..BSSGOLDENRAM_END)
+    }
+
+
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/Mflpt5.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-package prog8.code.target.cbm
+package prog8.code.target
 
 import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
-
 data class Mflpt5(val b0: UByte, val b1: UByte, val b2: UByte, val b3: UByte, val b4: UByte) {
 
     companion object {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/NormalMemSizer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package prog8.code.target
+
+import prog8.code.core.BaseDataType
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+
+internal class NormalMemSizer(val floatsize: Int): IMemSizer {
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType, numElements: Int?): Int {
+        if(dt.isArray) {
+            if(numElements==null) return 2      // treat it as a pointer size
+            return when(dt.sub) {
+                BaseDataType.BOOL, BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> numElements
+                BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.STR -> numElements * 2
+                BaseDataType.FLOAT-> numElements * floatsize
+                BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> throw IllegalArgumentException("undefined has no memory size")
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        else if (dt.isString) {
+            if(numElements!=null) return numElements        // treat it as the size of the given string with the length
+            else return 2    // treat it as the size to store a string pointer
+        }
+
+        return when {
+            dt.isByteOrBool -> 1 * (numElements ?: 1)
+            dt.isFloat -> floatsize * (numElements ?: 1)
+            dt.isLong -> throw IllegalArgumentException("long can not yet be put into memory")
+            dt.isUndefined -> throw IllegalArgumentException("undefined has no memory size")
+            else -> 2 * (numElements ?: 1)
+        }
+    }
+
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/PETTarget.kt

@@ -1,19 +1,72 @@
 package prog8.code.target
 
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.CbmMemorySizer
-import prog8.code.target.pet.PETMachineDefinition
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
+import prog8.code.target.zp.PETZeropage
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
-class PETTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by CbmMemorySizer {
+class PETTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(Mflpt5.Companion.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
     override val name = NAME
-    override val machine = PETMachineDefinition()
     override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.PETSCII
+    override val libraryPath = null
+    override val customLauncher: List<String> = emptyList()
+    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = null
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "pet32"
     }
+
+    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
+
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 20u
+    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0401u
+    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0x8000u
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u
+
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
+
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
+
+    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
+        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
+    }
+
+    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
+        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
+        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
+        return m5.toDouble()
+    }
+
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
+            System.err.println("The pet target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
+            return
+        }
+
+        println("\nStarting PET emulator...")
+        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+        val cmdline = listOf("xpet", "-model", "4032", "-ramsize", "32", "-videosize", "40", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
+            "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
+        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+        val process=processb.start()
+        process.waitFor()
+    }
+
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address in 0xe800u..0xe8ffu
+
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = PETZeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)
+    }
+
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/VMTarget.kt

@@ -1,29 +1,130 @@
 package prog8.code.target
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.virtual.VirtualMachineDefinition
+import prog8.code.target.encodings.Encoder
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.isReadable
+import kotlin.io.path.name
+import kotlin.io.path.readText
 
-class VMTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer {
+class VMTarget: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by NormalMemSizer(FLOAT_MEM_SIZE) {
     override val name = NAME
-    override val machine = VirtualMachineDefinition()
     override val defaultEncoding = Encoding.ISO
+    override val libraryPath = null
+    override val customLauncher: List<String> = emptyList()
+    override val additionalAssemblerOptions = null
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "virtual"
+        const val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 8             // 64-bits double
     }
 
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
-        return when(dt) {
-            in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> 1
-            in WordDatatypes, in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> 2
-            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid datatype")
+    override val cpu = CpuType.VIRTUAL
+
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Double.MAX_VALUE.toDouble()
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -Double.MAX_VALUE.toDouble()
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = VMTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+    override val STARTUP_CODE_RESERVED_SIZE = 0u  // not actually used
+    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0u      // not actually used
+    override val PROGRAM_MEMTOP_ADDRESS = 0xffffu  // not actually used
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u          // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u            // not actually used
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u        // not actually used
+    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u          // not actually used
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage    // not actually used
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam     // not actually used
+
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String {
+        // little endian binary representation
+        val bits = num.toDouble().toBits().toULong()
+        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(16, '0')
+        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { "\$" + it }
+        return parts.joinToString(", ")
+    }
+
+    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
+        val bits = num.toBits().toULong()
+        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(16, '0')
+        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { it.toInt(16).toUByte() }
+        return parts
+    }
+
+    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
+        require(bytes.size==8) { "need 8 bytes" }
+        val b0 = bytes[0].toLong() shl (8*7)
+        val b1 = bytes[1].toLong() shl (8*6)
+        val b2 = bytes[2].toLong() shl (8*5)
+        val b3 = bytes[3].toLong() shl (8*4)
+        val b4 = bytes[4].toLong() shl (8*3)
+        val b5 = bytes[5].toLong() shl (8*2)
+        val b6 = bytes[6].toLong() shl (8*1)
+        val b7 = bytes[7].toLong() shl (8*0)
+        return Double.fromBits(b0 or b1 or b2 or b3 or b4 or b5 or b6 or b7)
+    }
+
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        println("\nStarting Virtual Machine...")
+        // to not have external module dependencies in our own module, we launch the virtual machine via reflection
+        val vm = Class.forName("prog8.vm.VmRunner").getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance() as IVirtualMachineRunner
+        val filename = programNameWithPath.name
+        if(programNameWithPath.isReadable()) {
+            vm.runProgram(programNameWithPath.readText())
+        } else {
+            val withExt = programNameWithPath.resolveSibling("$filename.p8ir")
+            if(withExt.isReadable())
+                vm.runProgram(withExt.readText())
+            else
+                throw NoSuchFileException(withExt.toFile(), reason="not a .p8ir file")
         }
     }
 
-    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) =
-        if(arrayDt==DataType.UWORD)
-            numElements    // pointer to bytes.
-        else
-            memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)) * numElements
-}
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = false
+
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = VirtualZeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)
+    }
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType, numElements: Int?): Int {
+        if(dt.isArray) {
+            if(numElements==null) return 2      // treat it as a pointer size
+            return when(dt.sub) {
+                BaseDataType.BOOL, BaseDataType.UBYTE, BaseDataType.BYTE -> numElements
+                BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD, BaseDataType.STR -> numElements * 2
+                BaseDataType.FLOAT-> numElements * FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+                BaseDataType.UNDEFINED -> throw IllegalArgumentException("undefined has no memory size")
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        else if (dt.isString) {
+            if(numElements!=null) return numElements        // treat it as the size of the given string with the length
+            else return 2    // treat it as the size to store a string pointer
+        }
+
+        return when {
+            dt.isByteOrBool -> 1 * (numElements ?: 1)
+            dt.isFloat -> FLOAT_MEM_SIZE * (numElements ?: 1)
+            dt.isLong -> throw IllegalArgumentException("long can not yet be put into memory")
+            dt.isUndefined -> throw IllegalArgumentException("undefined has no memory size")
+            else -> 2 * (numElements ?: 1)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+interface IVirtualMachineRunner {
+    fun runProgram(irSource: String)
+}
+
+private class VirtualZeropage(options: CompilationOptions): Zeropage(options) {
+    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.atari
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class AtariMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = 9.999999999e97
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -9.999999999e97
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 6
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x2000u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u  // TODO
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u    // TODO
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("atari float asm bytes from number")
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> = TODO("atari float to bytes")
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double = TODO("atari bytes to float")
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
-        val emulatorName: String
-        val cmdline: List<String>
-        when(selectedEmulator) {
-            1 -> {
-                emulatorName = "atari800"
-                cmdline = listOf(emulatorName, "-xl", "-xl-rev", "2", "-nobasic", "-run", "${programNameWithPath}.xex")
-            }
-            2 -> {
-                emulatorName = "altirra"
-                cmdline = listOf("Altirra64.exe", "${programNameWithPath.normalize()}.xex")
-            }
-            else -> {
-                System.err.println("Atari target only supports atari800 and altirra emulators.")
-                return
-            }
-        }
-
-        // TODO monlist?
-
-        println("\nStarting Atari800XL emulator $emulatorName...")
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
-        val process: Process = processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu        // TODO
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = AtariZeropage(compilerOptions)
-        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)
-    }
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariZeropage.kt

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.atari
-
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
-import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
-import prog8.code.core.ZeropageType
-
-class AtariZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
-
-    override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0xcbu      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0xccu     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
-    override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xcdu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $cd+$ce
-    override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xcfu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $cf+$d0        TODO is $d0 okay to use?
-
-    init {
-        if (options.floats) {
-            throw InternalCompilerException("Atari target doesn't yet support floating point routines")
-        }
-
-        if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(
-                ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
-                ZeropageType.BASICSAFE,
-                ZeropageType.DONTUSE
-            ))
-            throw InternalCompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
-
-        when (options.zeropage) {
-            ZeropageType.FULL -> {
-                // TODO all atari usable zero page locations, except the ones used by the system's IRQ routine
-                free.addAll(0x00u..0xffu)
-                // TODO atari  free.removeAll(setOf(0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0x91u, 0xc0u, 0xc5u, 0xcbu, 0xf5u, 0xf6u))        // these are updated by IRQ
-            }
-            ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE -> {
-                free.addAll(0x80u..0xffu)       // TODO
-            }
-            ZeropageType.BASICSAFE,
-            ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE -> {
-                free.addAll(0x80u..0xffu)       // TODO
-                free.removeAll(0xd4u .. 0xefu)      // floating point storage
-            }
-            ZeropageType.DONTUSE -> {
-                free.clear()  // don't use zeropage at all
-            }
-        }
-
-        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
-        free.clear()
-        free.addAll(distinctFree)
-
-        removeReservedFromFreePool()
-        retainAllowed()
-    }
-
-    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
-        TODO("Not known if atari can put the virtual regs in ZP")
-    }
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c128/C128MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.c128
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.C64Target
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x1c01u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u  // TODO
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u    // TODO
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
-        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
-            System.err.println("The c128 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
-            return
-        }
-
-        println("\nStarting C-128 emulator x128...")
-        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
-        val cmdline = listOf("x128", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
-                "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
-        val process: Process = processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = C128Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)    // TODO does the c128 have some of this somewhere?
-    }
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.c64
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.C64Target
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
-import java.io.IOException
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xc000u
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xcfffu
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
-        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
-            System.err.println("The c64 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
-            return
-        }
-
-        for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
-            println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
-            val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
-            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
-                    "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
-            val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
-            val process: Process
-            try {
-                process=processb.start()
-            } catch(x: IOException) {
-                continue  // try the next emulator executable
-            }
-            process.waitFor()
-            break
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0xc000u until 0xd000u)
-    }
-
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/CbmMemorySizer.kt

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.cbm
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-
-
-internal object CbmMemorySizer: IMemSizer {
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
-        return when(dt) {
-            in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> 1
-            in WordDatatypes, in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> 2
-            DataType.FLOAT -> Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid datatype")
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) =
-        if(arrayDt==DataType.UWORD)
-            numElements    // pointer to bytes.
-        else
-            memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)) * numElements
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.cx16
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.C64Target
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU65c02
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xa000u     // hiram bank 1, 8Kb, assumed to be active
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xbfffu       // Rom starts at $c000
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0x0400u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0x07ffu
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
-        val emulator: String
-        val extraArgs: List<String>
-
-        when(selectedEmulator) {
-            1 -> {
-                emulator = "x16emu"
-                extraArgs = listOf("-debug")
-            }
-            2 -> {
-                emulator = "box16"
-                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
-            }
-            else -> {
-                System.err.println("Cx16 target only supports x16emu and box16 emulators.")
-                return
-            }
-        }
-
-        println("\nStarting Commander X16 emulator $emulator...")
-        val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-rtc", "-run", "-prg", "${programNameWithPath}.prg") + extraArgs
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
-        processb.environment()["PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC"] = "10"
-        val process: Process = processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0x9f00u..0x9fffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0x0400u until 0x0800u)
-    }
-
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/encodings/C64osEncoding.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+package prog8.code.target.encodings
+
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.Err
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
+import java.io.CharConversionException
+
+object C64osEncoding {
+
+    // decoding:  from C64 OS Screencodes (0-255) to unicode
+    // character table from:
+    // https://www.c64os.com/c64os/usersguide/appendices#charactersets
+
+    private val decodingC64os = charArrayOf(
+        '@'     ,    //  @    0x00 -> COMMERCIAL AT
+        'a'     ,    //  a    0x01 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER A
+        'b'     ,    //  b    0x02 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER B
+        'c'     ,    //  c    0x03 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER C
+        'd'     ,    //  d    0x04 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER D
+        'e'     ,    //  e    0x05 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER E
+        'f'     ,    //  f    0x06 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER F
+        'g'     ,    //  g    0x07 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER G
+        'h'     ,    //  h    0x08 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER H
+        'i'     ,    //  i    0x09 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER I
+        'j'     ,    //  j    0x0A -> LATIN SMALL LETTER J
+        'k'     ,    //  k    0x0B -> LATIN SMALL LETTER K
+        'l'     ,    //  l    0x0C -> LATIN SMALL LETTER L
+        'm'     ,    //  m    0x0D -> LATIN SMALL LETTER M
+        'n'     ,    //  n    0x0E -> LATIN SMALL LETTER N
+        'o'     ,    //  o    0x0F -> LATIN SMALL LETTER O
+        'p'     ,    //  p    0x10 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER P
+        'q'     ,    //  q    0x11 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER Q
+        'r'     ,    //  r    0x12 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER R
+        's'     ,    //  s    0x13 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER S
+        't'     ,    //  t    0x14 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER T
+        'u'     ,    //  u    0x15 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER U
+        'v'     ,    //  v    0x16 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER V
+        'w'     ,    //  w    0x17 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER W
+        'x'     ,    //  x    0x18 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER X
+        'y'     ,    //  y    0x19 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER Y
+        'z'     ,    //  z    0x1A -> LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
+        '['     ,    //  [    0x1B -> LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
+        '\\'    ,    //  \    0x1C -> REVERSE SOLIDUS
+        ']'     ,    //  ]    0x1D -> RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
+        '^'     ,    //  ^    0x1E -> CIRCUMFLEX
+        '_'     ,    //  _    0x1F -> UNDERSCORE
+        ' '     ,    //       0x20 -> SPACE
+        '!'     ,    //  !    0x21 -> EXCLAMATION MARK
+        '"'     ,    //  "    0x22 -> QUOTATION MARK
+        '#'     ,    //  #    0x23 -> NUMBER SIGN
+        '$'     ,    //  $    0x24 -> DOLLAR SIGN
+        '%'     ,    //  %    0x25 -> PERCENT SIGN
+        '&'     ,    //  &    0x26 -> AMPERSAND
+        '\''    ,    //  '    0x27 -> APOSTROPHE
+        '('     ,    //  (    0x28 -> LEFT PARENTHESIS
+        ')'     ,    //  )    0x29 -> RIGHT PARENTHESIS
+        '*'     ,    //  *    0x2A -> ASTERISK
+        '+'     ,    //  +    0x2B -> PLUS SIGN
+        ','     ,    //  ,    0x2C -> COMMA
+        '-'     ,    //  -    0x2D -> HYPHEN-MINUS
+        '.'     ,    //  .    0x2E -> FULL STOP
+        '/'     ,    //  /    0x2F -> SOLIDUS
+        '0'     ,    //  0    0x30 -> DIGIT ZERO
+        '1'     ,    //  1    0x31 -> DIGIT ONE
+        '2'     ,    //  2    0x32 -> DIGIT TWO
+        '3'     ,    //  3    0x33 -> DIGIT THREE
+        '4'     ,    //  4    0x34 -> DIGIT FOUR
+        '5'     ,    //  5    0x35 -> DIGIT FIVE
+        '6'     ,    //  6    0x36 -> DIGIT SIX
+        '7'     ,    //  7    0x37 -> DIGIT SEVEN
+        '8'     ,    //  8    0x38 -> DIGIT EIGHT
+        '9'     ,    //  9    0x39 -> DIGIT NINE
+        ':'     ,    //  :    0x3A -> COLON
+        ';'     ,    //  ;    0x3B -> SEMICOLON
+        '<'     ,    //  <    0x3C -> LESS-THAN SIGN
+        '='     ,    //  =    0x3D -> EQUALS SIGN
+        '>'     ,    //  >    0x3E -> GREATER-THAN SIGN
+        '?'     ,    //  ?    0x3F -> QUESTION MARK
+        '`'     ,    //  `    0x40 -> GRAVE ACCENT
+        'A'     ,    //  A    0x41 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
+        'B'     ,    //  B    0x42 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
+        'C'     ,    //  C    0x43 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
+        'D'     ,    //  D    0x44 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
+        'E'     ,    //  E    0x45 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E
+        'F'     ,    //  F    0x46 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F
+        'G'     ,    //  G    0x47 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
+        'H'     ,    //  H    0x48 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
+        'I'     ,    //  I    0x49 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
+        'J'     ,    //  J    0x4A -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J
+        'K'     ,    //  K    0x4B -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K
+        'L'     ,    //  L    0x4C -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L
+        'M'     ,    //  M    0x4D -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
+        'N'     ,    //  N    0x4E -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N
+        'O'     ,    //  O    0x4F -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O
+        'P'     ,    //  P    0x50 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
+        'Q'     ,    //  Q    0x51 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q
+        'R'     ,    //  R    0x52 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
+        'S'     ,    //  S    0x53 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
+        'T'     ,    //  T    0x54 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
+        'U'     ,    //  U    0x55 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U
+        'V'     ,    //  V    0x56 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V
+        'W'     ,    //  W    0x57 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
+        'X'     ,    //  X    0x58 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
+        'Y'     ,    //  Y    0x59 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
+        'Z'     ,    //  Z    0x5A -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
+        '{'     ,    //  {    0x5B -> LEFT BRACE
+        '|'     ,    //  |    0x5C -> VERTICAL BAR
+        '}'     ,    //  }    0x5D -> RIGHT BRACE
+        '~'     ,    //  ~    0x5E -> TILDE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x5F -> RESERVED
+        '\u00a0',    //       0x60 -> NO-BREAK SPACE (TRANSPARENT)
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x61 -> COMMODORE SYMBOL
+        '\u2191',    //  ↑    0x62 -> UP ARROW
+        '\u2193',    //  ↓    0x63 -> DOWN ARROW
+        '\u2190',    //  ←    0x64 -> LEFT ARROW
+        '\u2192',    //  →    0x65 -> RIGHT ARROW
+        '\u231A',    //  ⌚   0x66 -> WATCH (ANALOG CLOCKFACE)
+        '\u21BB',    //  ↻    0x67 -> CYCLE ARROWS
+        '\u2026',    //  …    0x68 -> ELLIPSIS
+        '\u25a7',    //  ▧    0x69 -> DIAGNONAL STRIPES
+        '\u2610',    //  ☐    0x6A -> CHECKBOX UNCHECKED
+        '\u2611',    //  ☑    0x6B -> CHECKBOX CHECKED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x6C -> RADIO BUTTON UNSELECTED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x6D -> RADIO BUTTON SELECTED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x6E -> UTILITY CLOSE BUTTON
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x6F -> UTILITY TITLE BAR
+        '\u00a9',    //  ©    0x70 -> COPYRIGHT
+        '\u2713',    //  ✓    0x71 -> CHECKMARK
+        '\u2261',    //  ≡    0x72 -> THREE HORIZONTAL STRIPES
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x73 -> TICK TRACK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x74 -> TICK TRACK NUB
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x75 -> TAB CORNER
+        '\u2980',    //  ⦀    0x76 -> THREE VERTICAL STRIPES
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x77 -> CUSTOM 1
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x78 -> CUSTOM 2
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x79 -> CUSTOM 3
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x7A -> CUSTOM 4
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x7B -> CUSTOM 5
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x7C -> CUSTOM 6
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x7D -> CUSTOM 7
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x7E -> CUSTOM 8
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x7F -> CUSTOM 9
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x80 -> REVERSED COMMERCIAL AT
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x81 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER A
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x82 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER B
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x83 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER C
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x84 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER D
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x85 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER E
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x86 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER F
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x87 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER G
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x88 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER H
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x89 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER I
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x8A -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER J
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x8B -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER K
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x8C -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER L
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x8D -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER M
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x8E -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER N
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x8F -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER O
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x90 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER P
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x91 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x92 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER R
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x93 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER S
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x94 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER T
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x95 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER U
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x96 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER V
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x97 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER W
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x98 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER X
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x99 -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x9A -> REVERSED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x9B -> REVERSED LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x9C -> REVERSED REVERSE SOLIDUS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x9D -> REVERSED RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x9E -> REVERSED CIRCUMFLEX
+        '\ufffe',    //       0x9F -> REVERSED UNDERSCORE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA0 -> REVERSED SPACE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA1 -> REVERSED EXCLAMATION MARK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA2 -> REVERSED QUOTATION MARK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA3 -> REVERSED NUMBER SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA4 -> REVERSED DOLLAR SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA5 -> REVERSED PERCENT SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA6 -> REVERSED AMPERSAND
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA7 -> REVERSED APOSTROPHE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA8 -> REVERSED LEFT PARENTHESIS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xA9 -> REVERSED RIGHT PARENTHESIS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xAA -> REVERSED ASTERISK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xAB -> REVERSED PLUS SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xAC -> REVERSED COMMA
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xAD -> REVERSED HYPHEN-MINUS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xAE -> REVERSED FULL STOP
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xAF -> REVERSED SOLIDUS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB0 -> REVERSED DIGIT ZERO
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB1 -> REVERSED DIGIT ONE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB2 -> REVERSED DIGIT TWO
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB3 -> REVERSED DIGIT THREE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB4 -> REVERSED DIGIT FOUR
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB5 -> REVERSED DIGIT FIVE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB6 -> REVERSED DIGIT SIX
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB7 -> REVERSED DIGIT SEVEN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB8 -> REVERSED DIGIT EIGHT
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xB9 -> REVERSED DIGIT NINE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xBA -> REVERSED COLON
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xBB -> REVERSED SEMICOLON
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xBC -> REVERSED LESS-THAN SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xBD -> REVERSED EQUALS SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xBE -> REVERSED GREATER-THAN SIGN
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xBF -> REVERSED QUESTION MARK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC0 -> REVERSED GRAVE ACCENT
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC1 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC2 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC3 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC4 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC5 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC6 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC7 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC8 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xC9 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xCA -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xCB -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xCC -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xCD -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xCE -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xCF -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD0 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD1 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD2 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD3 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD4 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD5 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD6 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD7 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD8 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xD9 -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xDA -> REVERSED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xDB -> REVERSED LEFT BRACE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xDC -> REVERSED VERTICAL BAR
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xDD -> REVERSED RIGHT BRACE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xDE -> REVERSED TILDE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xDF -> RESERVED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE0 -> RESERVED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE1 -> REVERSED COMMODORE SYMBOL
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE2 -> REVERSED UP ARROW
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE3 -> REVERSED DOWN ARROW
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE4 -> REVERSED LEFT ARROW
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE5 -> REVERSED RIGHT ARROW
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE6 -> REVERSED ANALOG CLOCKFACE
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE7 -> REVERSED CYCLE ARROWS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE8 -> REVERSED ELLIPSIS
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xE9 -> REVERSED DIAGONAL STRIPES
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xEA -> REVERSED CHECKBOX UNCHECKED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xEB -> REVERSED CHECKBOX CHECKED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xEC -> REVERSED RADIO BUTTON UNSELECTED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xED -> REVERSED RADIO BUTTON SELECTED
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xEE -> MEMORY CHIP ICON
+        '\u21e7',    //  ⇧    0xEF -> SHIFT SYMBOL
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF0 -> REVERSED COPYRIGHT SYMBOL
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF1 -> REVERSED CHECKMARK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF2 -> REVERSED THREE HORIZONTAL STRIPES
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF3 -> REVERSED TICK TRACK
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF4 -> REVERSED TICK TRACK NUB
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF5 -> REVERSED TAB CORNER
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF6 -> REVERSED THREE VERTICAL STRIPES
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF7 -> CUSTOM 10
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF8 -> CUSTOM 11
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xF9 -> CUSTOM 12
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xFA -> CUSTOM 13
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xFB -> CUSTOM 14
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xFC -> CUSTOM 15
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xFD -> CUSTOM 16
+        '\ufffe',    //       0xFE -> CUSTOM 17
+        '\ufffe'     //       0xFF -> CUSTOM 18
+    )
+
+    // encoding:  from unicode to C64 OS Screencodes (0-255)
+    private val encodingC64os = decodingC64os.withIndex().associate{it.value to it.index}
+
+    private fun replaceSpecial(chr: Char): Char =
+        when(chr) {
+            '\r' -> '\n'        // to make \r (carriage returrn) equivalent to \n (line feed): RETURN ($0d)
+            else -> chr
+        }
+    
+    fun encode(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): Result<List<UByte>, CharConversionException> {
+        fun encodeChar(chr3: Char, lowercase: Boolean): UByte {
+            val chr = replaceSpecial(chr3)
+            val screencode = encodingC64os[chr]
+            return screencode?.toUByte() ?: when (chr) {
+                '\u0000' -> 0u
+                in '\u8000'..'\u80ff' -> {
+                    // special case: take the lower 8 bit hex value directly
+                    (chr.code - 0x8000).toUByte()
+                }
+                else -> {
+                    if(chr.isISOControl())
+                        throw CharConversionException("no c64os character for char #${chr.code}")
+                    else
+                        throw CharConversionException("no c64os character for char #${chr.code} '${chr}'")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return try {
+            Ok(text.map {
+                try {
+                    encodeChar(it, lowercase)
+                } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+                    encodeChar(it, !lowercase)
+                }
+            })
+        } catch(cx: CharConversionException) {
+            Err(cx)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun decode(screencode: Iterable<UByte>, lowercase: Boolean = false): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+        return try {
+            Ok(screencode.map {
+                val code = it.toInt()
+                if(code<0 || code>= decodingC64os.size)
+                    throw CharConversionException("c64os $code out of range 0..${decodingC64os.size-1}")
+                decodingC64os[code]
+            }.joinToString(""))
+        } catch(ce: CharConversionException) {
+            Err(ce)
+        }
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/encodings/Encoder.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-package prog8.code.target
+package prog8.code.target.encodings
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
 import prog8.code.core.Encoding
 import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
 import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
-import prog8.code.target.encodings.*
-
 
 object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
     override val defaultEncoding: Encoding = Encoding.ISO
@@ -20,6 +18,7 @@ object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
             Encoding.ISO16 -> IsoEasternEncoding.encode(str)
             Encoding.CP437 -> Cp437Encoding.encode(str)
             Encoding.KATAKANA -> KatakanaEncoding.encode(str)
+            Encoding.C64OS -> C64osEncoding.encode(str)
             else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unsupported encoding $encoding")
         }
         return coded.fold(
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
             Encoding.ISO16 -> IsoEasternEncoding.decode(bytes)
             Encoding.CP437 -> Cp437Encoding.decode(bytes)
             Encoding.KATAKANA -> KatakanaEncoding.decode(bytes)
+            Encoding.C64OS -> C64osEncoding.decode(bytes)
             else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unsupported encoding $encoding")
         }
         return decoded.fold(
@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
             success = { it }
         )
     }
-}
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/encodings/PetsciiEncoding.kt

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.io.CharConversionException
 
 object PetsciiEncoding {
 
-    // decoding:  from Petscii/Screencodes (0-255) to unicode
+    // decoding:  from Petscii/Screencodes (0-255) to Unicode
     // character tables used from https://github.com/irmen/cbmcodecs2
 
     private val decodingPetsciiLowercase = charArrayOf(
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ object PetsciiEncoding {
             Ok(text.map {
                 try {
                     encodeChar(it, lowercase)
-                } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+                } catch (_: CharConversionException) {
                     encodeChar(it, !lowercase)
                 }
             })
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ object PetsciiEncoding {
             Ok(text.map {
                 try {
                     encodeChar(it, lowercase)
-                } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+                } catch (_: CharConversionException) {
                     encodeChar(it, !lowercase)
                 }
             })
@@ -1157,16 +1157,16 @@ object PetsciiEncoding {
         }
     }
 
-    fun petscii2scr(petscii_code: UByte, inverseVideo: Boolean): Result<UByte, CharConversionException> {
+    fun petscii2scr(petsciicode: UByte, inverseVideo: Boolean): Result<UByte, CharConversionException> {
         val code: UInt = when {
-            petscii_code <= 0x1fu -> petscii_code + 128u
-            petscii_code <= 0x3fu -> petscii_code.toUInt()
-            petscii_code <= 0x5fu -> petscii_code - 64u
-            petscii_code <= 0x7fu -> petscii_code - 32u
-            petscii_code <= 0x9fu -> petscii_code + 64u
-            petscii_code <= 0xbfu -> petscii_code - 64u
-            petscii_code <= 0xfeu -> petscii_code - 128u
-            petscii_code == 255.toUByte() -> 95u
+            petsciicode <= 0x1fu -> petsciicode + 128u
+            petsciicode <= 0x3fu -> petsciicode.toUInt()
+            petsciicode <= 0x5fu -> petsciicode - 64u
+            petsciicode <= 0x7fu -> petsciicode - 32u
+            petsciicode <= 0x9fu -> petsciicode + 64u
+            petsciicode <= 0xbfu -> petsciicode - 64u
+            petsciicode <= 0xfeu -> petsciicode - 128u
+            petsciicode == 255.toUByte() -> 95u
             else -> return Err(CharConversionException("petscii code out of range"))
         }
         if(inverseVideo) {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/pet/PETMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.pet
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.C64Target
-import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class PETMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0401u
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u
-
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
-    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val m5 = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-        return listOf(m5.b0, m5.b1, m5.b2, m5.b3, m5.b4)
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==5) { "need 5 bytes" }
-        val m5 = Mflpt5(bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4])
-        return m5.toDouble()
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
-        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
-            System.err.println("The pet target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
-            return
-        }
-
-        println("\nStarting PET emulator...")
-        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
-        val cmdline = listOf("xpet", "-model", "4032", "-ramsize", "32", "-videosize", "40", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
-                "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
-        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
-        val process=processb.start()
-        process.waitFor()
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address in 0xe800u..0xe8ffu
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = PETZeropage(compilerOptions)
-        // there's no golden ram.
-    }
-
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/virtual/VirtualMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.target.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.isReadable
-import kotlin.io.path.name
-import kotlin.io.path.readText
-
-class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
-
-    override val cpu = CpuType.VIRTUAL
-
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Float.MAX_VALUE.toDouble()
-    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -Float.MAX_VALUE.toDouble()
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 8             // 64-bits double
-    override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0u      // not actually used
-
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u          // not actually used
-    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u            // not actually used
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_START = 0u        // not actually used
-    override val BSSGOLDENRAM_END = 0u          // not actually used
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage    // not actually used
-    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam     // not actually used
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String {
-        // little endian binary representation
-        val bits = num.toDouble().toBits().toULong()
-        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(16, '0')
-        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { "\$" + it }
-        return parts.joinToString(", ")
-    }
-
-    override fun convertFloatToBytes(num: Double): List<UByte> {
-        val bits = num.toBits().toULong()
-        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(16, '0')
-        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { it.toInt(16).toUByte() }
-        return parts
-    }
-
-    override fun convertBytesToFloat(bytes: List<UByte>): Double {
-        require(bytes.size==8) { "need 8 bytes" }
-        val b0 = bytes[0].toLong() shl (8*7)
-        val b1 = bytes[1].toLong() shl (8*6)
-        val b2 = bytes[2].toLong() shl (8*5)
-        val b3 = bytes[3].toLong() shl (8*4)
-        val b4 = bytes[4].toLong() shl (8*3)
-        val b5 = bytes[5].toLong() shl (8*2)
-        val b6 = bytes[6].toLong() shl (8*1)
-        val b7 = bytes[7].toLong() shl (8*0)
-        return Double.fromBits(b0 or b1 or b2 or b3 or b4 or b5 or b6 or b7)
-    }
-
-    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
-        println("\nStarting Virtual Machine...")
-        // to not have external module dependencies in our own module, we launch the virtual machine via reflection
-        val vm = Class.forName("prog8.vm.VmRunner").getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance() as IVirtualMachineRunner
-        val filename = programNameWithPath.name
-        if(programNameWithPath.isReadable()) {
-            vm.runProgram(programNameWithPath.readText())
-        } else {
-            val withExt = programNameWithPath.resolveSibling("$filename.p8ir")
-            if(withExt.isReadable())
-                vm.runProgram(withExt.readText())
-            else
-                throw NoSuchFileException(withExt.toFile(), reason="not a .p8ir file")
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = false
-
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-        zeropage = VirtualZeropage(compilerOptions)
-    }
-}
-
-interface IVirtualMachineRunner {
-    fun runProgram(irSource: String)
-}
-
-private class VirtualZeropage(options: CompilationOptions): Zeropage(options) {
-    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt
-        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
-
-    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() { /* there is no actual zero page in this target to allocate thing in */ }
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/zp/C128Zeropage.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.code.target.c128
+package prog8.code.target.zp
 
 import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
 import prog8.code.core.ZeropageType
 
 
-// reference: "Mapping the C128" zero page chapter.
+// reference: "Mapping the C128" zeropage chapter.
 
 class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
     override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x74u      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x75u     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x75u     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xfbu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xfdu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fd+$fe
 
@@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             ZeropageType.FULL -> {
                 // $00/$01 are data port IO registers, // $02-$09 are storage locations for JSRFAR and such
                 free.addAll(0x0au..0xffu)
-                free.removeAll(listOf(0x90u, 0x91u, 0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0xc0u, 0xccu, 0xcdu, 0xd0u, 0xd1u, 0xd2u, 0xd3u, 0xd4u, 0xd5u, 0xf7u))        // these are updated/used by IRQ
+                free.removeAll(arrayOf(0x90u, 0x91u, 0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0xc0u, 0xccu, 0xcdu, 0xd0u, 0xd1u, 0xd2u, 0xd3u, 0xd4u, 0xd5u, 0xf7u))        // these are updated/used by IRQ
             }
             ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE -> {
                 free.addAll(0x0au..0x8fu)       // BASIC variables
-                free.addAll(listOf(0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
+                free.addAll(arrayOf(0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
                     0xb0u, 0xb1u, 0xb4u, 0xb5u, 0xb6u))
             }
             ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
             ZeropageType.BASICSAFE -> {
-                free.addAll(listOf(0x0bu, 0x0cu, 0x0du, 0x0eu, 0x0fu, 0x10u, 0x11u, 0x12u, 0x16u, 0x17u, 0x18u, 0x19u, 0x1au))
+                free.addAll(arrayOf(0x0bu, 0x0cu, 0x0du, 0x0eu, 0x0fu, 0x10u, 0x11u, 0x12u, 0x16u, 0x17u, 0x18u, 0x19u, 0x1au))
                 free.addAll(0x1bu..0x23u)
-                free.addAll(listOf(0x3fu, 0x40u, 0x41u, 0x42u, 0x43u, 0x44u, 0x47u, 0x48u, 0x49u, 0x4au, 0x4bu, 0x4cu, 0x4fu,
+                free.addAll(arrayOf(0x3fu, 0x40u, 0x41u, 0x42u, 0x43u, 0x44u, 0x47u, 0x48u, 0x49u, 0x4au, 0x4bu, 0x4cu, 0x4fu,
                     0x55u, 0x56u, 0x57u, 0x58u,
                     0x74u, 0x75u, 0x78u, 0x80u, 0x83u, 0x87u, 0x88u, 0x89u, 0x8au, 0x8bu, 0x8cu, 0x8du, 0x8eu, 0x8fu,
                     0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
                 // if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.BASICSAFE) {
                     // can also clobber the FP locations (unconditionally, because the C128 target doesn't support floating point calculations in prog8 at this time0
-                    free.addAll(listOf(0x14u, 0x28u, 0x29u, 0x2au, 0x2bu, 0x2cu,
+                    free.addAll(arrayOf(0x14u, 0x28u, 0x29u, 0x2au, 0x2bu, 0x2cu,
                         0x50u, 0x51u, 0x52u, 0x53u, 0x54u, 0x59u, 0x5au, 0x5bu, 0x5cu, 0x5du, 0x5eu, 0x5fu, 0x60u, 0x61u, 0x62u,
                         0x63u, 0x64u, 0x65u, 0x66u, 0x67u, 0x68u,
                         0x6au, 0x6bu, 0x6cu, 0x6du, 0x6eu, 0x6fu, 0x71u))
@@ -71,8 +71,4 @@ class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
         retainAllowed()
     }
-
-    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
-        TODO("Not known if C128 can put the virtual regs in ZP")
-    }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/zp/C64Zeropage.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.code.target.c64
+package prog8.code.target.zp
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import prog8.code.core.*
 class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
     override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x02u      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x03u     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x03u     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xfbu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xfdu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fd+$fe
 
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
         if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FULL) {
             free.addAll(0x02u..0xffu)
-            free.removeAll(setOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1+1u, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2+1u))
-            free.removeAll(setOf(0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0x91u, 0xc0u, 0xc5u, 0xcbu, 0xf5u, 0xf6u))        // these are updated by IRQ
+            free.removeAll(arrayOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1+1u, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2+1u))
+            free.removeAll(arrayOf(0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0x91u, 0xc0u, 0xc5u, 0xcbu, 0xf5u, 0xf6u))        // these are updated by IRQ
         } else {
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE || options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
-                free.addAll(listOf(
+                free.addAll(arrayOf(
                         0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
                         0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
                         0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
                 // remove the zeropage locations used for floating point operations from the free list
-                free.removeAll(listOf(
+                free.removeAll(arrayOf(
                         0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12,
                         0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a,
                         0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60,
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             if(options.zeropage != ZeropageType.DONTUSE) {
                 // add the free Zp addresses
                 // these are valid for the C-64 but allow BASIC to keep running fully *as long as you don't use tape I/O*
-                free.addAll(listOf(0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0e,
+                free.addAll(arrayOf(0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0e,
                         0x92, 0x96, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9e, 0x9f, 0xa6,
                         0xb0, 0xb1, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xf9).map{it.toUInt()})
             } else {
@@ -79,18 +79,18 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         retainAllowed()
     }
 
-    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+    private fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
         // Note: the 16 virtual registers R0-R15 are not regular allocated variables, they're *memory mapped* elsewhere to fixed addresses.
-        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
+        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zeropage variables, we have to register them here as well.
         // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
         // The base addres is $04.  Unfortunately it cannot be the same as on the Commander X16 ($02).
         for(reg in 0..15) {
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BYTE), 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BYTE), 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
             free.remove((4+reg*2).toUInt())
             free.remove((5+reg*2).toUInt())
         }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/zp/CX16Zeropage.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.code.target.cx16
+package prog8.code.target.zp
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import prog8.code.core.*
 class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
     override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x7au      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x7bu     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x7bu     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0x7cu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $7c+$7d
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0x7eu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $7e+$7f
 
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+    private fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
         // Note: the 16 virtual registers R0-R15 are not regular allocated variables, they're *memory mapped* elsewhere to fixed addresses.
-        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
+        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zeropage variables, we have to register them here as well.
         // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
         for(reg in 0..15) {
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BYTE), 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BYTE), 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
         }
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/zp/ConfigurableZeropage.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package prog8.code.target.zp
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+class ConfigurableZeropage(
+    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt,      // temp storage for a single byte
+    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt,     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt,      // temp storage 1 for a word
+    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt,      // temp storage 2 for a word
+    val virtualRegistersStart: UInt,        // location of 32 bytes for the r0-r15 virtual registers
+    basicsafe: List<UIntRange>,
+    kernalsafe: List<UIntRange>,
+    fullsafe: List<UIntRange>,
+    options: CompilationOptions
+) : Zeropage(options) {
+
+    init {
+        if (options.floats) {
+            TODO("floats")
+        }
+
+        if(SCRATCH_REG!=SCRATCH_B1+1u)
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("Zero page scratch variable REG should be B1+1")
+
+        when (options.zeropage) {
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE -> { /* don't use any zeropage at all */ }
+            ZeropageType.FULL -> fullsafe.forEach { free.addAll(it) }
+            ZeropageType.BASICSAFE -> basicsafe.forEach { free.addAll(it) }
+            ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE -> kernalsafe.forEach { free.addAll(it) }
+            ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE -> TODO("floatsafe")
+        }
+
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
+        free.clear()
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
+
+        removeReservedFromFreePool()
+        allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
+        retainAllowed()
+    }
+
+    private fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+        // Note: the 16 virtual registers R0-R15 are not regular allocated variables, they're *memory mapped* elsewhere to fixed addresses.
+        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zeropage variables, we have to register them here as well.
+        // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
+        for(reg in 0..15) {
+            val address = virtualRegistersStart + (2*reg).toUInt()
+            if(address<=0xffu) {
+                allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation(address, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+                allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation(address, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+                allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation(address, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+                allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation(address+1u, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), 1)    // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+                allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation(address, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BYTE), 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+                allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation(address+1u, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BYTE), 1)     // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/zp/PETZeropage.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.code.target.pet
+package prog8.code.target.zp
 
 import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import prog8.code.core.ZeropageType
 class PETZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
     override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0xb3u      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0xb4u     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0xb4u     // temp storage for a register byte, must be B1+1
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xb6u      // temp storage 1 for a word
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xb8u      // temp storage 2 for a word
 
@@ -52,8 +52,4 @@ class PETZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
         retainAllowed()
     }
-
-    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
-        TODO("Not known if PET can put the virtual regs in ZP")
-    }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/build.gradle

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-plugins {
-    id 'java'
-    id 'application'
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
-}
-
-java {
-    targetCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-    sourceCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-}
-
-compileKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-compileTestKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
-    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.0"
-
-    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.9.1'
-    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-framework-datatest:5.9.1'
-    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.9.2'
-    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
-}
-
-sourceSets {
-    main {
-        java {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/src"
-        }
-        resources {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/res"
-        }
-    }
-    test {
-        java {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-test {
-    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
-    useJUnitPlatform()
-
-    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
-    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
-
-    // Show test results.
-    testLogging {
-        events "skipped", "failed"
-    }
-}

codeGenCpu6502/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+plugins {
+    kotlin("jvm")
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(project(":codeCore"))
+    // implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
+    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
+    implementation("com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.1")
+
+    testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.9.1")
+    testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-framework-datatest:5.9.1")
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.9.1")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher")
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            setSrcDirs(listOf("$projectDir/src"))
+        }
+        resources {
+            setSrcDirs(listOf("$projectDir/res"))
+        }
+    }
+    test {
+        java {
+            setSrcDirs(listOf("$projectDir/test"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+tasks.test {
+    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn("cleanTest")
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events("skipped", "failed")
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 import prog8.code.StConstant
 import prog8.code.StMemVar
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
-import prog8.code.core.IMachineDefinition
+import prog8.code.ast.PtLabel
+import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.org/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
 
 
-internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, symbolTable: SymbolTable): Int {
+internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: ICompilationTarget, symbolTable: SymbolTable): Int {
 
     var numberOfOptimizations = 0
 
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ private fun getLinesBy(lines: MutableList<String>, windowSize: Int) =
 
 private fun optimizeSameAssignments(
     linesByFourteen: Sequence<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
-    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    machine: ICompilationTarget,
     symbolTable: SymbolTable
 ): List<Modification> {
 
@@ -361,15 +362,16 @@ or *_afterif labels.
 This gets generated after certain if conditions, and only the branch instruction is needed in these cases.
          */
 
+        val autoLabelPrefix = PtLabel.GENERATED_LABEL_PREFIX
         if(first=="beq  +" && second=="lda  #1" && third=="+") {
-            if((fourth.startsWith("beq  label_") || fourth.startsWith("bne  label_")) &&
+            if((fourth.startsWith("beq  $autoLabelPrefix") || fourth.startsWith("bne  $autoLabelPrefix")) &&
                 (fourth.endsWith("_shortcut") || fourth.endsWith("_afterif") || fourth.endsWith("_shortcut:") || fourth.endsWith("_afterif:"))) {
                 mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
                 mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
                 mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
             }
-            else if(fourth.startsWith("label_") && (fourth.endsWith("_shortcut") || fourth.endsWith("_shortcut:"))) {
-                if((fifth.startsWith("beq  label_") || fifth.startsWith("bne  label_")) &&
+            else if(fourth.startsWith(autoLabelPrefix) && (fourth.endsWith("_shortcut") || fourth.endsWith("_shortcut:"))) {
+                if((fifth.startsWith("beq  $autoLabelPrefix") || fifth.startsWith("bne  $autoLabelPrefix")) &&
                     (fifth.endsWith("_shortcut") || fifth.endsWith("_afterif") || fifth.endsWith("_shortcut:") || fifth.endsWith("_afterif:"))) {
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
@@ -384,7 +386,7 @@ This gets generated after certain if conditions, and only the branch instruction
 
 private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(
     linesByFour: Sequence<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
-    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    machine: ICompilationTarget,
     symbolTable: SymbolTable
 ): List<Modification> {
     val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
@@ -519,8 +521,10 @@ private fun optimizeJsrRtsAndOtherCombinations(linesByFour: Sequence<List<Indexe
 
         if(!haslabel(second)) {
             if ((" jsr" in first || "\tjsr" in first ) && (" rts" in second || "\trts" in second)) {
-                mods += Modification(lines[0].index, false, lines[0].value.replace("jsr", "jmp"))
-                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+                if("floats.pushFAC" !in first && "floats.popFAC" !in first) {       // these 2 routines depend on being called with JSR!!
+                    mods += Modification(lines[0].index, false, lines[0].value.replace("jsr", "jmp"))
+                    mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+                }
             }
             else if (" rts" in first || "\trts" in first) {
                 if (" jmp" in second || "\tjmp" in second)

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmsubHelpers.kt

@@ -11,18 +11,22 @@ fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: PtAsmSub): List<Int> {
     //  1) cx16 virtual word registers,
     //  2) paired CPU registers,
     //  3) single CPU registers (order Y,X,A),
-    //  4) CPU Carry status flag
+    //  4) floating point registers (FAC1, FAC2),
+    //  5) CPU Carry status flag
     val args = sub.parameters.withIndex()
     val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
     val pairedRegisters = arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
     val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
-    val (singleRegs, rest) = args3.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != null }
+    val (singleRegsMixed, rest) = args3.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != null }
+    val (singleCpuRegs, floatRegs) = singleRegsMixed.partition {it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.FAC1 && it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.FAC2  }
 
     cx16regs.forEach { order += it.index }
     pairedRegs.forEach { order += it.index }
-    singleRegs.sortedBy { it.value.first.registerOrPair!!.asCpuRegister() }.asReversed().forEach { order += it.index }
+    singleCpuRegs.sortedBy { it.value.first.registerOrPair!!.asCpuRegister() }.asReversed().forEach { order += it.index }
     require(rest.all { it.value.first.registerOrPair==null && it.value.first.statusflag!=null})
+    floatRegs.forEach { order += it.index }
     rest.forEach { order += it.index }
     require(order.size==sub.parameters.size)
+
     return order
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
+import prog8.code.ast.PtLabel
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C128Target
 import prog8.code.target.C64Target
+import prog8.code.target.PETTarget
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
@@ -21,15 +24,12 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
 
         val assemblerCommand: List<String>
 
-        when (compTarget.name) {
-            in setOf("c64", "c128", "cx16", "pet32") -> {
+        when(options.output) {
+            OutputType.PRG -> {
                 // CBM machines .prg generation.
 
-                // add "-Wlong-branch"  to see warnings about conversion of branch instructions to jumps (default = do this silently)
-                val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
-                    "-Wall", // "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Werror",
-                    "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "--labels=$viceMonListFile"
-                )
+                val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--cbm-prg", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
+                    "-Wall", "-Wno-implied-reg", "--no-monitor", "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "--labels=$viceMonListFile")
 
                 if(options.warnSymbolShadowing)
                     command.add("-Wshadow")
@@ -40,34 +40,18 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
                     command.add("--quiet")
 
                 if(options.asmListfile) {
-                    command.addAll(listOf("--list=$listFile", "--no-monitor"))
+                    command.add("--list=$listFile")
                 }
 
-                val outFile = when (options.output) {
-                    OutputType.PRG -> {
-                        command.add("--cbm-prg")
-                        println("\nCreating prg for target ${compTarget.name}.")
-                        prgFile
-                    }
-                    OutputType.RAW -> {
-                        command.add("--nostart")
-                        println("\nCreating raw binary for target ${compTarget.name}.")
-                        binFile
-                    }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid output type")
-                }
-                command.addAll(listOf("--output", outFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
+                command.addAll(listOf("--output", prgFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
                 assemblerCommand = command
-
+                println("\nCreating prg for target ${compTarget.name}.")
             }
-            "atari" -> {
+            OutputType.XEX -> {
                 // Atari800XL .xex generation.
 
-                // TODO are these options okay for atari?
-                val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
-                    "-Wall", // "-Werror", "-Wno-strict-bool"
-                    "--no-monitor"
-                )
+                val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--atari-xex", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
+                    "-Wall", "-Wno-implied-reg", "--no-monitor", "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "--labels=$viceMonListFile")
 
                 if(options.warnSymbolShadowing)
                     command.add("-Wshadow")
@@ -80,28 +64,66 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
                 if(options.asmListfile)
                     command.add("--list=$listFile")
 
-                val outFile = when (options.output) {
-                    OutputType.XEX -> {
-                        command.add("--atari-xex")
-                        println("\nCreating xex for target ${compTarget.name}.")
-                        xexFile
-                    }
-                    OutputType.RAW -> {
-                        command.add("--nostart")
-                        println("\nCreating raw binary for target ${compTarget.name}.")
-                        binFile
-                    }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid output type")
+                command.addAll(listOf("--output", xexFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
+                assemblerCommand = command
+                println("\nCreating xex for target ${compTarget.name}.")
+            }
+            OutputType.RAW -> {
+                // Neo6502/headerless raw program generation.
+                val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--nostart", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
+                    "-Wall", "-Wno-implied-reg", "--no-monitor", "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "--labels=$viceMonListFile")
+
+                if(options.warnSymbolShadowing)
+                    command.add("-Wshadow")
+                else
+                    command.add("-Wno-shadow")
+
+                if(options.asmQuiet)
+                    command.add("--quiet")
+
+                if(options.asmListfile)
+                    command.add("--list=$listFile")
+
+                command.addAll(listOf("--output", binFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
+                assemblerCommand = command
+                println("\nCreating raw binary for target ${compTarget.name}.")
+            }
+            OutputType.LIBRARY -> {
+                // CBM machines library (.bin) generation (with or without 2 byte load address header depending on the compilation target machine)
+
+                val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
+                    "-Wall", "-Wno-implied-reg", "--no-monitor", "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "--labels=$viceMonListFile")
+
+                if(options.warnSymbolShadowing)
+                    command.add("-Wshadow")
+                else
+                    command.add("-Wno-shadow")
+
+                if(options.asmQuiet)
+                    command.add("--quiet")
+
+                if(options.asmListfile)
+                    command.add("--list=$listFile")
+
+                if(compTarget.name in listOf(C64Target.NAME, C128Target.NAME, PETTarget.NAME)) {
+                    println("\nCreating binary library file with header for target ${compTarget.name}.")
+                    command.add("--cbm-prg")
+                } else {
+                    println("\nCreating binary library file without header for target ${compTarget.name}.")
+                    command.add("--nostart")       // should be headerless bin, because basic has problems doing a normal LOAD"lib",8,1 - need to use BLOAD
                 }
-                command.addAll(listOf("--output", outFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
+
+                command.addAll(listOf("--output", binFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
                 assemblerCommand = command
             }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid compilation target")
         }
 
+        if(options.compTarget.additionalAssemblerOptions!=null)
+            assemblerCommand.add(options.compTarget.additionalAssemblerOptions!!)
+
         val proc = ProcessBuilder(assemblerCommand).inheritIO().start()
         val result = proc.waitFor()
-        if (result == 0 && compTarget.name!="atari") {
+        if (result == 0) {
             removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist()
             generateBreakpointList()
         }
@@ -109,7 +131,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
     }
 
     private fun removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist() {
-        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+prog8_label_.+?""")
+        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+${PtLabel.GENERATED_LABEL_PREFIX}.+?""")
         val lines = viceMonListFile.toFile().readLines()
         viceMonListFile.toFile().outputStream().bufferedWriter().use {
             for (line in lines) {

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.code.StMemVar
-import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.*
@@ -11,7 +9,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                                       private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                       private val assignAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen) {
 
-    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?): DataType? {
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?): BaseDataType? {
         return translateFunctioncall(fcall, discardResult = false, resultRegister = resultRegister)
     }
 
@@ -19,13 +17,15 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         translateFunctioncall(fcall, discardResult = true, resultRegister = null)
     }
 
-    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?): DataType? {
+    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?): BaseDataType? {
         if (discardResult && fcall.hasNoSideEffects)
             return null  // can just ignore the whole function call altogether
 
         val sscope = fcall.definingISub()
 
         when (fcall.name) {
+            "lsw" -> throw AssemblyError("lsw() should have been removed or replaced by a const value")
+            "msw" -> throw AssemblyError("msw() should have been removed or replaced by a const value")
             "msb" -> funcMsb(fcall, resultRegister)
             "lsb" -> funcLsb(fcall, resultRegister)
             "mkword" -> funcMkword(fcall, resultRegister)
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 memread.parent = fcall
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(memread, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.out("  pha")
-                val memtarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.position, memory=memread)
+                val memtarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), fcall.definingISub(), fcall.position, memory=memread)
                 asmgen.assignExpressionTo(fcall.args[1], memtarget)
                 asmgen.out("  pla")
             }
@@ -66,119 +66,28 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             "callfar" -> funcCallFar(fcall, resultRegister)
             "callfar2" -> funcCallFar2(fcall, resultRegister)
             "call" -> funcCall(fcall)
-            "prog8_ifelse_bittest_set" -> throw AssemblyError("prog8_ifelse_bittest_set() should have been translated as part of an ifElse statement")
-            "prog8_ifelse_bittest_notset" -> throw AssemblyError("prog8_ifelse_bittest_notset() should have been translated as part of an ifElse statement")
             "prog8_lib_stringcompare" -> funcStringCompare(fcall, resultRegister)
-            "prog8_lib_square_byte" -> funcSquare(fcall, DataType.UBYTE, resultRegister)
-            "prog8_lib_square_word" -> funcSquare(fcall, DataType.UWORD, resultRegister)
-            "prog8_lib_arraycopy" -> funcArrayCopy(fcall)
+            "prog8_lib_square_byte" -> funcSquare(fcall, BaseDataType.UBYTE, resultRegister)
+            "prog8_lib_square_word" -> funcSquare(fcall, BaseDataType.UWORD, resultRegister)
             else -> throw AssemblyError("missing asmgen for builtin func ${fcall.name}")
         }
 
         return BuiltinFunctions.getValue(fcall.name).returnType
     }
 
-    private fun funcArrayCopy(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
-        val source = fcall.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val target = fcall.args[1] as PtIdentifier
-
-        val numElements = when(val sourceSymbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(source.name)) {
-            is StStaticVariable -> sourceSymbol.length!!
-            is StMemVar -> sourceSymbol.length!!
-            else -> 0
-        }
-        val sourceAsm = asmgen.asmVariableName(source)
-        val targetAsm = asmgen.asmVariableName(target)
-
-        if(source.type in SplitWordArrayTypes && target.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
-            // split -> split words (copy lsb and msb arrays separately)
-            asmgen.out("""
-                lda  #<${sourceAsm}_lsb
-                ldy  #>${sourceAsm}_lsb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  #<${targetAsm}_lsb
-                ldy  #>${targetAsm}_lsb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-                ldy  #${numElements and 255}
-                jsr  prog8_lib.memcopy_small
-                lda  #<${sourceAsm}_msb
-                ldy  #>${sourceAsm}_msb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  #<${targetAsm}_msb
-                ldy  #>${targetAsm}_msb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-                ldy  #${numElements and 255}
-                jsr  prog8_lib.memcopy_small""")
-        }
-        else if(source.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
-            // split word array to normal word array (copy lsb and msb arrays separately)
-            require(target.type==DataType.ARRAY_UW || target.type==DataType.ARRAY_W)
-            asmgen.out("""
-                lda  #<${sourceAsm}_lsb
-                ldy  #>${sourceAsm}_lsb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  #<${sourceAsm}_msb
-                ldy  #>${sourceAsm}_msb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-                lda  #<${targetAsm}
-                ldy  #>${targetAsm}
-                ldx  #${numElements and 255}
-                jsr  prog8_lib.arraycopy_split_to_normal_words""")
-        }
-        else if(target.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
-            // normal word array to split array
-            require(source.type==DataType.ARRAY_UW || source.type==DataType.ARRAY_W)
-            asmgen.out("""
-                lda  #<${targetAsm}_lsb
-                ldy  #>${targetAsm}_lsb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  #<${targetAsm}_msb
-                ldy  #>${targetAsm}_msb
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-                lda  #<${sourceAsm}
-                ldy  #>${sourceAsm}
-                ldx  #${numElements and 255}
-                jsr  prog8_lib.arraycopy_normal_to_split_words""")
-        }
-        else {
-            // normal array to array copy, various element types
-            val eltsize = asmgen.options.compTarget.memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(source.type))
-            val numBytes = numElements * eltsize
-            asmgen.out("""
-                lda  #<${sourceAsm}
-                ldy  #>${sourceAsm}
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  #<${targetAsm}
-                ldy  #>${targetAsm}
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
-                ldy  #${numBytes and 255}
-                jsr  prog8_lib.memcopy_small""")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun funcSquare(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultType: DataType, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+    private fun funcSquare(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultType: BaseDataType, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         // square of word value is faster with dedicated routine, square of byte just use the regular multiplication routine.
         when (resultType) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)
-                asmgen.out("  tay  |  jsr  math.multiply_bytes")
+                asmgen.out("  tay  |  jsr  prog8_math.multiply_bytes")
                 if(resultRegister!=null)  {
                     assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister, false, fcall.position, null, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, false, false)
                 }
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  math.square")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_math.square")
                 if(resultRegister!=null)  {
                     assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister, false, fcall.position, null, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
@@ -195,11 +104,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.Y, false)
         asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A ,false)
         // math.divmod_ub_asm: -- divide A by Y, result quotient in Y, remainder in A   (unsigned)
-        asmgen.out("  jsr  math.divmod_ub_asm")
+        asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_math.divmod_ub_asm")
         val var2name = asmgen.asmVariableName(fcall.args[2] as PtIdentifier)
         val var3name = asmgen.asmVariableName(fcall.args[3] as PtIdentifier)
-        val divisionTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[2].position, var2name)
-        val remainderTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[3].position, var3name)
+        val divisionTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[2].position, var2name)
+        val remainderTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[3].position, var3name)
         assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(remainderTarget, CpuRegister.A, false, false)
         assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(divisionTarget, CpuRegister.Y, false, false)
     }
@@ -207,11 +116,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     private fun funcDivmodW(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         asmgen.assignWordOperandsToAYAndVar(fcall.args[1], fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
         // math.divmod_uw_asm: -- divide two unsigned words (16 bit each) into 16 bit results
-        //    input:  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 in ZP: 16 bit number, A/Y: 16 bit divisor
-        //    output: P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 in ZP: 16 bit remainder, A/Y: 16 bit division result
-        asmgen.out("  jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm")
+        //    input:  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 in ZP: 16-bit number, A/Y: 16 bit divisor
+        //    output: P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 in ZP: 16-bit remainder, A/Y: 16 bit division result
+        asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_math.divmod_uw_asm")
         val var2name = asmgen.asmVariableName(fcall.args[2] as PtIdentifier)
-        val divisionTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[2].position, var2name)
+        val divisionTarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), fcall.definingISub(), fcall.args[2].position, var2name)
         val remainderVar = asmgen.asmVariableName(fcall.args[3] as PtIdentifier)
         assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(divisionTarget, RegisterOrPair.AY)
         asmgen.out("""
@@ -230,7 +139,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcRsave() {
-        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65C02))
             asmgen.out("""
                 php
                 pha
@@ -250,7 +159,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcRrestore() {
-        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65C02))
             asmgen.out("""
                 plx
                 ply
@@ -287,7 +196,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             return
         }
 
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD)     // jump address
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD))     // jump address
         asmgen.out("""
                 ; push a return address so the jmp becomes indirect jsr
                 lda  #>((+)-1)
@@ -299,15 +208,22 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcCallFar(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        if(asmgen.options.compTarget.name != "cx16")
-            throw AssemblyError("callfar only works on cx16 target at this time")
+        val targetName = asmgen.options.compTarget.name
+        if(targetName !in arrayOf("cx16", "c64", "c128"))
+            throw AssemblyError("callfar only works on cx16, c64 and c128 targets at this time")
 
+        val jsrfar = when(targetName) {
+            "cx16" -> "cx16.JSRFAR"
+            "c64" -> "c64.x16jsrfar"
+            "c128" -> "c128.x16jsrfar"
+            else -> TODO("jsrfar routine")
+        }
         val constBank = fcall.args[0].asConstInteger()
         val constAddress = fcall.args[1].asConstInteger()
         if(constBank!=null && constAddress!=null) {
             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[2], RegisterOrPair.AY)     // uword argument
             asmgen.out("""
-                jsr  cx16.JSRFAR
+                jsr  $jsrfar
                 .word  ${constAddress.toHex()}
                 .byte  $constBank""")
         } else {
@@ -317,7 +233,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             asmgen.out("  sta  (+)+0 |  sty  (+)+1")
             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[2], RegisterOrPair.AY)     // uword argument
             asmgen.out("""
-                jsr  cx16.JSRFAR
+                jsr  $jsrfar
 +               .word  0
 +               .byte  0""")
         }
@@ -329,8 +245,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcCallFar2(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        if(asmgen.options.compTarget.name != "cx16")
-            throw AssemblyError("callfar2 only works on cx16 target at this time")
+        val targetName = asmgen.options.compTarget.name
+        if(targetName !in arrayOf("cx16", "c64", "c128"))
+            throw AssemblyError("callfar2 only works on cx16, c64 and c128 targets at this time")
 
         fun assignArgs() {
             fun assign(value: PtExpression, register: Char) {
@@ -351,12 +268,18 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 TODO("callfar2: support non-const argument values")
         }
 
+        val jsrfar = when(targetName) {
+            "cx16" -> "cx16.JSRFAR"
+            "c64" -> "c64.x16jsrfar"
+            "c128" -> "c128.x16jsrfar"
+            else -> TODO("jsrfar routine")
+        }
         val constBank = fcall.args[0].asConstInteger()
         val constAddress = fcall.args[1].asConstInteger()
         if(constBank!=null && constAddress!=null) {
             assignArgs()
             asmgen.out("""
-                jsr  cx16.JSRFAR
+                jsr  $jsrfar
                 .word  ${constAddress.toHex()}
                 .byte  $constBank""")
         } else {
@@ -366,7 +289,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             asmgen.out("  sta  (+)+0 |  sty  (+)+1")
             assignArgs()
             asmgen.out("""
-                jsr  cx16.JSRFAR
+                jsr  $jsrfar
 +               .word  0
 +               .byte  0""")
         }
@@ -380,8 +303,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     private fun funcCmp(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val arg1 = fcall.args[0]
         val arg2 = fcall.args[1]
-        if(arg1.type in ByteDatatypes) {
-            if(arg2.type in ByteDatatypes) {
+        if(arg1.type.isByte) {
+            if(arg2.type.isByte) {
                 when (arg2) {
                     is PtIdentifier -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
@@ -413,7 +336,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 throw AssemblyError("args for cmp() should have same dt")
         } else {
             // arg1 is a word
-            if(arg2.type in WordDatatypes) {
+            if(arg2.type.isWord) {
                 when (arg2) {
                     is PtIdentifier -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
@@ -451,28 +374,28 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             throw AssemblyError("should not discard result of memory allocation at $fcall")
         val name = (fcall.args[0] as PtString).value
         require(name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name ${fcall.position}"}
-        val slabname = PtIdentifier("prog8_slabs.prog8_memoryslab_$name", DataType.UWORD, fcall.position)
+        val slabname = PtIdentifier("prog8_slabs.prog8_memoryslab_$name", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), fcall.position)
         val addressOf = PtAddressOf(fcall.position)
         addressOf.add(slabname)
         addressOf.parent = fcall
-        val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, expression = addressOf)
+        val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), expression = addressOf)
         val target = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, fcall.position, null, asmgen)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, program.memsizer, fcall.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, listOf(target), program.memsizer, fcall.position)
         asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign, fcall.definingISub())
     }
 
     private fun funcSqrt(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall, scope)
-        when(fcall.args[0].type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+        when(fcall.args[0].type.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_into_A")
                 assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, false, false)
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_into_A")
                 assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, false, false)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sqrt_into_FAC1")
                 assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true, fcall.position, scope, asmgen))
             }
@@ -482,8 +405,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcRor2(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        when (what.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+        when (what.type.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(what, CpuRegister.X)
@@ -506,7 +429,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(what, CpuRegister.X)
@@ -529,8 +452,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcRor(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        when (what.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+        when (what.type.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         if(!what.index.isSimple()) asmgen.out("  php")   // save Carry
@@ -573,7 +496,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         if(!what.index.isSimple()) asmgen.out("  php")   // save Carry
@@ -598,8 +521,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcRol2(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        when (what.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+        when (what.type.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(what, CpuRegister.X)
@@ -622,7 +545,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(what, CpuRegister.X)
@@ -645,8 +568,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcRol(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        when (what.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+        when (what.type.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         if(!what.index.isSimple()) asmgen.out("  php")   // save Carry
@@ -689,7 +612,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
                     is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                         if(!what.index.isSimple()) asmgen.out("  php")   // save Carry
@@ -717,27 +640,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         when(fcall.args[0]) {
             is PtIdentifier -> {
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(fcall.args[0] as PtIdentifier) + if(msb) "+1" else ""
-                target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingSub(), fcall.position, variableAsmName = varname)
-            }
-            is PtNumber -> {
-                val num = (fcall.args[0] as PtNumber).number + if(msb) 1 else 0
-                val mem = PtMemoryByte(fcall.position)
-                mem.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, num, fcall.position))
-                target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingSub(), fcall.position, memory = mem)
-            }
-            is PtAddressOf -> {
-                val mem = PtMemoryByte(fcall.position)
-                if((fcall.args[0] as PtAddressOf).isFromArrayElement)
-                    TODO("address-of arrayelement")
-                if(msb) {
-                    val address = PtBinaryExpression("+", DataType.UWORD, fcall.args[0].position)
-                    address.add(fcall.args[0])
-                    address.add(PtNumber(address.type, 1.0, fcall.args[0].position))
-                    mem.add(address)
-                } else {
-                    mem.add(fcall.args[0])
-                }
-                target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingSub(), fcall.position, memory = mem)
+                target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), fcall.definingSub(), fcall.position, variableAsmName = varname)
             }
             is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                 val indexer = fcall.args[0] as PtArrayIndexer
@@ -745,7 +648,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 val msbAdd: Int
                 if(indexer.splitWords) {
                     val arrayVariable = indexer.variable
-                    indexer.children[0] = PtIdentifier(arrayVariable.name + if(msb) "_msb" else "_lsb", DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayVariable.position)
+                    indexer.children[0] = PtIdentifier(arrayVariable.name + if(msb) "_msb" else "_lsb", DataType.arrayFor(BaseDataType.UBYTE, false), arrayVariable.position)
                     indexer.children[0].parent = indexer
                     elementSize = 1
                     msbAdd = 0
@@ -757,7 +660,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 // double the index because of word array (if not split), add one if msb (if not split)
                 val constIndexNum = (indexer.index as? PtNumber)?.number
                 if(constIndexNum!=null) {
-                    indexer.children[1] = PtNumber(indexer.index.type, constIndexNum*elementSize + msbAdd, indexer.position)
+                    indexer.children[1] = PtNumber(indexer.index.type.base, constIndexNum*elementSize + msbAdd, indexer.position)
                     indexer.children[1].parent = indexer
                 } else {
                     val multipliedIndex: PtExpression
@@ -766,12 +669,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                     } else {
                         multipliedIndex = PtBinaryExpression("<<", indexer.index.type, indexer.position)
                         multipliedIndex.add(indexer.index)
-                        multipliedIndex.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 1.0, indexer.position))
+                        multipliedIndex.add(PtNumber(BaseDataType.UBYTE, 1.0, indexer.position))
                     }
                     if(msbAdd>0) {
                         val msbIndex = PtBinaryExpression("+", indexer.index.type, indexer.position)
                         msbIndex.add(multipliedIndex)
-                        msbIndex.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, msbAdd.toDouble(), indexer.position))
+                        msbIndex.add(PtNumber(BaseDataType.UBYTE, msbAdd.toDouble(), indexer.position))
                         indexer.children[1] = msbIndex
                         msbIndex.parent = indexer
                     } else {
@@ -779,7 +682,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         multipliedIndex.parent=indexer
                     }
                 }
-                target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingSub(), fcall.position, array = indexer)
+                target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), fcall.definingSub(), fcall.position, array = indexer)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("setlsb/setmsb on weird target ${fcall.args[0]}")
         }
@@ -794,12 +697,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcSgn(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall, scope)
-        when (val dt = fcall.args.single().type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_ub_into_A")
-            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_b_into_A")
-            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_uw_into_A")
-            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_w_into_A")
-            DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sign_f_into_A")
+        when (val dt = fcall.args.single().type.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_ub_into_A")
+            BaseDataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_b_into_A")
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_uw_into_A")
+            BaseDataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_w_into_A")
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sign_f_into_A")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
         }
         assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A, true, true)
@@ -807,24 +710,24 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcAbs(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
         translateArguments(fcall, scope)
-        val dt = fcall.args.single().type
+        val dt = fcall.args.single().type.base
         when (dt) {
-            DataType.BYTE -> {
+            BaseDataType.BYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_b_into_A")
                 assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A,false, true)
             }
-            DataType.WORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.WORD -> {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_w_into_AY")
                 assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_abs_f_into_FAC1")
                 assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true, fcall.position, scope, asmgen))
             }
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister?:RegisterOrPair.A, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen))
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister?:RegisterOrPair.AY, false, fcall.position, scope, asmgen))
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
@@ -850,8 +753,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 asmgen.assignConstFloatToPointerAY(number)
             }
             else -> {
-                val tempvar = asmgen.getTempVarName(DataType.FLOAT)
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], tempvar, DataType.FLOAT)
+                val tempvar = asmgen.getTempVarName(BaseDataType.FLOAT)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], tempvar, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT))
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     pha
@@ -878,7 +781,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AX)
-                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65C02)) {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sta  ($varname)
                             txa
@@ -926,7 +829,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.MOVFM")
         if(resultRegister!=null) {
             assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(
-                AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, fcall.definingISub(), fcall.position, null, null, null, resultRegister, null))
+                AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT), fcall.definingISub(), fcall.position, null, null, null, resultRegister, null))
         }
     }
 
@@ -944,7 +847,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr)
                 if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
-                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65C02)) {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             ldy  #1
                             lda  ($varname),y
@@ -994,9 +897,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcClamp(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        val signed = fcall.type in SignedDatatypes
-        when(fcall.type) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> {
+        val signed = fcall.type.isSigned
+        when {
+            fcall.type.isByte -> {
                 assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", fcall.args[1].type)  // minimum
                 assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[2], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1", fcall.args[2].type)  // maximum
                 assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A, signed)    // value
@@ -1004,7 +907,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 val targetReg = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, signed, fcall.position, fcall.definingISub(), asmgen)
                 assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(targetReg, CpuRegister.A, signed, true)
             }
-            in WordDatatypes -> {
+            fcall.type.isWord -> {
                 assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", fcall.args[1].type)  // minimum
                 assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[2], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", fcall.args[2].type)  // maximum
                 assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY, signed)    // value
@@ -1017,9 +920,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcMin(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        val signed = fcall.type in SignedDatatypes
-        when (fcall.type) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> {
+        val signed = fcall.type.isSigned
+        when {
+            fcall.type.isByte -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", fcall.type)     // right
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)          // left
                 asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
@@ -1030,7 +933,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 val targetReg = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, signed, fcall.position, fcall.definingISub(), asmgen)
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, targetReg)
             }
-            in WordDatatypes -> {
+            fcall.type.isWord -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", fcall.type)     // left
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", fcall.type)     // right
                 if(signed) {
@@ -1075,8 +978,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
     }
 
     private fun funcMax(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        val signed = fcall.type in SignedDatatypes
-        if(fcall.type in ByteDatatypes) {
+        val signed = fcall.type.isSigned
+        if(fcall.type.isByte) {
             asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", fcall.type)     // left
             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)          // right
             asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
@@ -1086,7 +989,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 +""")
             val targetReg = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, signed, fcall.position, fcall.definingISub(), asmgen)
             asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, targetReg)
-        } else if(fcall.type in WordDatatypes) {
+        } else if(fcall.type.isWord) {
             asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", fcall.type)     // left
             asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[1], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", fcall.type)     // right
             if(signed) {
@@ -1130,38 +1033,58 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcMkword(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val reg = resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY
-        var needAsave = asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[0])
-        if(!needAsave) {
+        var needAsaveForArg0 = asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[0])
+        if(!needAsaveForArg0) {
             val mr0 = fcall.args[0] as? PtMemoryByte
             val mr1 = fcall.args[1] as? PtMemoryByte
             if (mr0 != null)
-                needAsave =  mr0.address !is PtNumber
+                needAsaveForArg0 =  mr0.address !is PtNumber
             if (mr1 != null)
-                needAsave = needAsave or (mr1.address !is PtNumber)
+                needAsaveForArg0 = needAsaveForArg0 or (mr1.address !is PtNumber)
         }
         when(reg) {
             RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
-                if(needAsave)
-                    asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.X)      // msb
-                if(needAsave)
-                    asmgen.out("  pla")
+                if(needAsaveForArg0 && !asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[1])) {
+                    // first 0 then 1
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.X)      // msb
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                } else if(!needAsaveForArg0 && asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[1])) {
+                    // first 1 then 0
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.X)      // msb
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    if (needAsaveForArg0)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.X)      // msb
+                    if (needAsaveForArg0)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                }
             }
             RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
-                if(needAsave)
-                    asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
-                if(needAsave)
-                    asmgen.out("  pla")
+                if(needAsaveForArg0 && !asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[1])) {
+                    // first 0 then 1
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                } else if(!needAsaveForArg0 && asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[1])) {
+                    // first 1 then 0
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
+                    if (needAsaveForArg0)
+                        asmgen.out("  pha")
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
+                    if (needAsaveForArg0)
+                        asmgen.out("  pla")
+                }
             }
             RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
-                if(needAsave)
+                if (needAsaveForArg0)
                     asmgen.out("  pha")
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
-                if(needAsave)
+                if (needAsaveForArg0)
                     asmgen.out("  pla")
                 asmgen.out("  tax")
             }
@@ -1177,7 +1100,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcMsb(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val arg = fcall.args.single()
-        if (arg.type !in WordDatatypes)
+        if (!arg.type.isWord)
             throw AssemblyError("msb required word argument")
         if (arg is PtNumber)
             throw AssemblyError("msb(const) should have been const-folded away")
@@ -1192,7 +1115,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $sourceName+1 |  ldy  #0")
                 in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                     val regname = resultRegister.name.lowercase()
-                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65C02))
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1 |  sta  cx16.$regname |  stz  cx16.$regname+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1 |  sta  cx16.$regname |  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.$regname+1")
@@ -1200,7 +1123,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
             }
         } else {
-            if(arg is PtArrayIndexer && resultRegister in setOf(null, RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.X)) {
+            if(arg is PtArrayIndexer && resultRegister in arrayOf(null, RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.X)) {
                 // just read the msb byte out of the word array
                 if(arg.splitWords) {
                     val arrayVar = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg.variable)+"_msb"
@@ -1276,7 +1199,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
 
     private fun funcLsb(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val arg = fcall.args.single()
-        if (arg.type !in WordDatatypes)
+        if (!arg.type.isWord)
             throw AssemblyError("lsb required word argument")
         if (arg is PtNumber)
             throw AssemblyError("lsb(const) should have been const-folded away")
@@ -1292,7 +1215,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $sourceName |  ldy  #0")
                 in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                     val regname = resultRegister.name.lowercase()
-                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65C02))
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  cx16.$regname |  stz  cx16.$regname+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  cx16.$regname |  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.$regname+1")
@@ -1300,7 +1223,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
             }
         } else {
-            if(arg is PtArrayIndexer && resultRegister in setOf(null, RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.X)) {
+            if(arg is PtArrayIndexer && resultRegister in arrayOf(null, RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.X)) {
                 // just read the lsb byte out of the word array
                 val arrayVar = if(arg.splitWords) asmgen.asmVariableName(arg.variable)+"_lsb" else asmgen.asmVariableName(arg.variable)
                 when(resultRegister) {
@@ -1357,25 +1280,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun outputAddressAndLengthOfArray(arg: PtIdentifier) {
-        // address goes in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1,  number of elements in A
-        val numElements = when(val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(arg.name)) {
-            is StStaticVariable -> symbol.length!!
-            is StMemVar -> symbol.length!!
-            else -> 0
-        }
-        val identifierName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
-        asmgen.out("""
-                    lda  #<$identifierName
-                    ldy  #>$identifierName
-                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                    sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                    lda  #${numElements and 255}""")
-    }
-
     private fun translateArguments(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
         val signature = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(call.name)
-        val callConv = signature.callConvention(call.args.map { it.type})
+        val callConv = signature.callConvention(call.args.map {
+            require(it.type.isNumericOrBool)
+            it.type.base
+        })
 
         fun getSourceForFloat(value: PtExpression): AsmAssignSource {
             return when (value) {
@@ -1393,11 +1303,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         throw AssemblyError("cannot use float arguments outside of a subroutine scope")
 
                     asmgen.subroutineExtra(scope).usedFloatEvalResultVar2 = true
-                    val variable = PtIdentifier(subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2, DataType.FLOAT, value.position)
+                    val variable = PtIdentifier(subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT), value.position)
                     val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
                     addr.add(variable)
                     addr.parent = call
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, asmgen.asmVariableName(variable), DataType.FLOAT)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, asmgen.asmVariableName(variable), DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT))
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen)
                 }
             }
@@ -1410,9 +1320,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
             when {
                 conv.variable -> {
                     val varname = "prog8_lib.func_${call.name}._arg_${paramName}"
-                    val src = when (conv.dt) {
-                        DataType.FLOAT -> getSourceForFloat(value)
-                        in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> {
+                    val src = when  {
+                        conv.dt==BaseDataType.FLOAT -> getSourceForFloat(value)
+                        conv.dt.isPassByRef -> {
                             // put the address of the argument in AY
                             val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
                             addr.add(value)
@@ -1423,14 +1333,14 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                             AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen)
                         }
                     }
-                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, conv.dt, null, value.position, variableAsmName = varname)
-                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, DataType.forDt(conv.dt), null, value.position, variableAsmName = varname)
+                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, listOf(tgt), program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign, scope)
                 }
                 conv.reg != null -> {
-                    val src = when (conv.dt) {
-                        DataType.FLOAT -> getSourceForFloat(value)
-                        in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> {
+                    val src = when {
+                        conv.dt==BaseDataType.FLOAT -> getSourceForFloat(value)
+                        conv.dt.isPassByRef -> {
                             // put the address of the argument in AY
                             val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
                             addr.add(value)
@@ -1442,7 +1352,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                         }
                     }
                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(conv.reg!!, false, value.position, null, asmgen)
-                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, listOf(tgt), program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign, scope)
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("callconv")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/Extensions.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 import prog8.code.ast.IPtSubroutine
 import prog8.code.ast.PtAsmSub
 import prog8.code.ast.PtSub
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrPair
+import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrStatusflag
 
 
 internal fun IPtSubroutine.returnsWhatWhere(): List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> {
@@ -12,29 +15,25 @@ internal fun IPtSubroutine.returnsWhatWhere(): List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, D
             return returns
         }
         is PtSub -> {
-            // for non-asm subroutines, determine the return registers based on the type of the return value
-            return if(returntype==null)
-                emptyList()
-            else {
-                val register = when (returntype!!) {
-                    in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
-                    in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
-                    else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+            // for non-asm subroutines, determine the return registers based on the type of the return values
+
+            when(returns.size) {
+                0 -> return emptyList()
+                1 -> {
+                    val returntype = returns.single()
+                    val register = when {
+                        returntype.isByteOrBool -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+                        returntype.isWord -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                        returntype.isFloat -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+                        else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                    }
+                    return listOf(Pair(register, returntype))
+                }
+                else -> {
+                    // TODO for multi-value results, put the first one in register(s) and only the rest in the virtual registers?
+                    throw AssemblyError("multi-value returns from a normal subroutine are not put into registers, this routine shouldn't have been called in this scenario")
                 }
-                listOf(Pair(register, returntype!!))
             }
         }
     }
 }
-
-
-internal fun PtSub.returnRegister(): RegisterOrStatusflag? {
-    return when(returntype) {
-        in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
-        in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
-        DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
-        null -> null
-        else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
-    }
-}

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(
                 throw AssemblyError("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping")
         }
 
-        when(iterableDt) {
-            DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
+        when {
+            iterableDt.isByteArray -> {
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, iterableDt.elementType())
                 if (stepsize==-1 && range.to.asConstInteger()==0) {
                     // simple loop downto 0 step -1
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                     // pre-check for end already reached
-                    if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B) {
+                    if(iterableDt.isSignedByteArray) {
                         asmgen.out("  sta  $modifiedLabel+1")
                         if(stepsize<0) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                     // pre-check for end already reached
-                    if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B) {
+                    if(iterableDt.isSignedByteArray) {
                         asmgen.out("  sta  $modifiedLabel+1")
                         if(stepsize<0)
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ $modifiedLabel              cmp  #0     ; modified
                     asmgen.out(endLabel)
                 }
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+            iterableDt.isWordArray && !iterableDt.isSplitWordArray -> {
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 assignLoopvarWord(stmt, range)
                 if(stepsize==-1 && range.to.asConstInteger()==0) {
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ $modifiedLabel2 cmp  #0    ; modified
 $loopLabel""")
                     asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
-                    if (iterableDt == DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
+                    if (iterableDt.isUnsignedWordArray) {
                         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  $varname
                 clc
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ $endLabel""")
     private fun precheckFromToWord(iterableDt: DataType, stepsize: Int, fromVar: String, endLabel: String) {
         // pre-check for end already reached.
         // 'to' is in AY, do NOT clobber this!
-        if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_W) {
+        if(iterableDt.isSignedWordArray) {
             if(stepsize<0)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2        ; to
@@ -381,8 +381,8 @@ $endLabel""")
             is StMemVar -> symbol.length!!
             else -> 0
         }
-        when(iterableDt) {
-            DataType.STR -> {
+        when {
+            iterableDt.isString -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
                     lda  #<$iterableName
                     ldy  #>$iterableName
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
                     bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL -> {
+            iterableDt.isByteArray || iterableDt.isBoolArray -> {
                 val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 }
                 if(numElements>=16) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address, _, _)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -434,7 +434,45 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 }
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+            iterableDt.isSplitWordArray -> {
+                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
+                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    ldy  #0
+$loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
+                    lda  ${iterableName}_lsb,y
+                    sta  $loopvarName
+                    lda  ${iterableName}_msb,y
+                    sta  $loopvarName+1""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(numElements<=255) {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  $indexVar
+                        iny
+                        cpy  #$numElements
+                        beq  $endLabel
+                        bne  $loopLabel""")
+                } else {
+                    // length is 256
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  $indexVar
+                        iny
+                        bne  $loopLabel
+                        beq  $endLabel""")
+                }
+                if(numElements>=16) {
+                    // allocate index var on ZP if possible
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    result.fold(
+                        success = { (address,_,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
+                        failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0")
+                }
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
+            }
+            iterableDt.isWordArray -> {
                 val length = numElements * 2
                 val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
                 val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
@@ -465,7 +503,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 }
                 if(length>=16) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address,_,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -475,45 +513,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 }
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT -> {
-                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
-                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
-                asmgen.out("""
-                    ldy  #0
-$loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
-                    lda  ${iterableName}_lsb,y
-                    sta  $loopvarName
-                    lda  ${iterableName}_msb,y
-                    sta  $loopvarName+1""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
-                if(numElements<=255) {
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        ldy  $indexVar
-                        iny
-                        cpy  #$numElements
-                        beq  $endLabel
-                        bne  $loopLabel""")
-                } else {
-                    // length is 256
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        ldy  $indexVar
-                        iny
-                        bne  $loopLabel
-                        beq  $endLabel""")
-                }
-                if(numElements>=16) {
-                    // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
-                    result.fold(
-                        success = { (address,_,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
-                        failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0")
-                }
-                asmgen.out(endLabel)
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+            iterableDt.isFloatArray -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("for loop with floating point variables is not supported")
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over $iterableDt")
@@ -524,12 +524,12 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
     private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
         if (range.isEmpty() || range.step==0)
             throw AssemblyError("empty range or step 0")
-        if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B || iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UB) {
+        if(iterableDt.isByteArray) {
             if(range.last==range.first) return translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt, range)
             if(range.step==1 && range.last>range.first) return translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt, range)
-            if(range.step==-1 && range.last<range.first) return translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt, range, iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UB)
+            if(range.step==-1 && range.last<range.first) return translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt, range, iterableDt.isUnsignedByteArray)
         }
-        else if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_W || iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
+        else if(iterableDt.isWordArray) {
             if(range.last==range.first) return translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt, range)
             if(range.step==1 && range.last>range.first) return translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt, range)
             if(range.step==-1 && range.last<range.first) return translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt, range)
@@ -539,8 +539,8 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.add(endLabel)
-        when(iterableDt) {
-            DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
+        when {
+            iterableDt.isByteArray -> {
                 // loop over byte range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
                 }
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+            iterableDt.isWordArray && !iterableDt.isSplitWordArray -> {
                 // loop over word range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 when (range.step) {

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -15,9 +15,16 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
         // just ignore any result values from the function call.
     }
 
-    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: PtSub) =
-        (sub.parameters.size==1 && sub.parameters[0].type in IntegerDatatypesWithBoolean)
-                || (sub.parameters.size==2 && sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean && sub.parameters[1].type in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean)
+    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaCpuRegisters(params: List<PtSubroutineParameter>): Boolean {
+        // When the parameter(s) are passed via an explicit register or register pair,
+        // we consider them NOT to be optimized into (possibly different) CPU registers.
+        // Just load them in whatever the register spec says.
+        return when (params.size) {
+            1 -> params[0].type.isIntegerOrBool && params[0].register == null
+            2 -> params[0].type.isByteOrBool && params[1].type.isByteOrBool && params[0].register == null && params[1].register == null
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
 
     internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // Output only the code to set up the parameters and perform the actual call
@@ -40,27 +47,105 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
                 sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as PtInlineAssembly) }
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
             } else {
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
+                val bank = sub.address?.constbank?.toString()
+                if(bank==null) {
+                    val varbank = if(sub.address?.varbank==null) null else asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.address!!.varbank!!)
+                    if(varbank!=null) {
+                        when(asmgen.options.compTarget.name) {
+                            "cx16" -> {
+                                // JSRFAR can jump to a banked RAM address as well!
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                php
+                                pha
+                                lda  $varbank
+                                sta  +
+                                pla
+                                plp
+                                jsr  cx16.JSRFAR
+                                .word  $subAsmName    ; ${sub.address!!.address.toHex()}
++                               .byte  0    ; modified"""
+                                )
+                            }
+                            "c64" -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                php
+                                pha
+                                lda  $varbank
+                                sta  +
+                                pla
+                                plp
+                                jsr  c64.x16jsrfar
+                                .word  $subAsmName    ; ${sub.address!!.address.toHex()}
++                               .byte  0    ; modified"""
+                                )
+                            }
+                            "c128" -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                php
+                                pha
+                                lda  $varbank
+                                sta  +
+                                pla
+                                plp
+                                jsr  c128.x16jsrfar
+                                .word  $subAsmName    ; ${sub.address!!.address.toHex()}
++                               .byte  0    ; modified"""
+                                )
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("callfar is not supported on the selected compilation target")
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    when(asmgen.options.compTarget.name) {
+                        "cx16" -> {
+                            // JSRFAR can jump to a banked RAM address as well!
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                jsr cx16.JSRFAR
+                                .word  $subAsmName    ; ${sub.address!!.address.toHex()}
+                                .byte  $bank"""
+                            )
+                        }
+                        "c64" -> {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                jsr  c64.x16jsrfar
+                                .word  $subAsmName    ; ${sub.address!!.address.toHex()}
+                                .byte  $bank"""
+                            )
+                        }
+                        "c128" -> {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                jsr  c128.x16jsrfar
+                                .word  $subAsmName    ; ${sub.address!!.address.toHex()}
+                                .byte  $bank"""
+                            )
+                        }
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("callfar is not supported on the selected compilation target")
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         else if(sub is PtSub) {
-            if(optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
-                if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-                    val register = if (sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean) RegisterOrPair.A else RegisterOrPair.AY
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters[0]), call.args[0], register)
-                } else {
-                    // 2 byte params, second in Y, first in A
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters[0]), call.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)
-                    if(asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(call.args[1]))
-                        asmgen.out("  pha")
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(1, sub.parameters[1]), call.args[1], RegisterOrPair.Y)
-                    if(asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(call.args[1]))
-                        asmgen.out("  pla")
-                }
+            if(optimizeIntArgsViaCpuRegisters(sub.parameters)) {
+                // Note that if the args fit into cpu registers, we don't concern ourselves here
+                // if they should be put into regular subroutine parameter variables, or the R0-R15 register variables.
+                // That is now up to the subroutine itself.
+                useCpuRegistersForArgs(call.args, sub)
             } else {
                 // arguments via variables
-                for(arg in sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(call.args))
-                    argumentViaVariable(sub, arg.first.value, arg.second)
+                val paramValues = sub.parameters.zip(call.args)
+                val (normalParams, registerParams) = paramValues.partition { it.first.register == null }
+                if (normalParams.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    for (p in normalParams)
+                        argumentViaVariable(sub, p.first, p.second)
+                }
+                if (registerParams.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    // the R0-R15 'registers' are not really registers. They're just special variables.
+                    for (p in registerParams)
+                        argumentViaVariable(sub, p.first, p.second)
+                }
             }
             asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
         }
@@ -69,11 +154,45 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
     }
 
+    private fun useCpuRegistersForArgs(args: List<PtExpression>, sub: PtSub) {
+        val params = sub.parameters
+        when(params.size) {
+            1 -> {
+                val register = if (params[0].type.isByteOrBool) RegisterOrPair.A else RegisterOrPair.AY
+                argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, params[0]), args[0], register)
+            }
+            2 -> {
+                if(params[0].type.isByteOrBool && params[1].type.isByteOrBool) {
+                    // 2 byte params, second in Y, first in A
+                    if(asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(args[0]) && !asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(args[1])) {
+                        // first 0 then 1
+                        argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, params[0]), args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(1, params[1]), args[1], RegisterOrPair.Y)
+                    } else if(!asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(args[0]) && asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(args[1])) {
+                        // first 1 then 0
+                        argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(1, params[1]), args[1], RegisterOrPair.Y)
+                        argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, params[0]), args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)
+                    } else {
+                        argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, params[0]), args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        if (asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(args[1]))
+                            asmgen.out("  pha")
+                        argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(1, params[1]), args[1], RegisterOrPair.Y)
+                        if (asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(args[1]))
+                            asmgen.out("  pla")
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw AssemblyError("cannot use registers for word+byte")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("cannot use cpu registers for >2 arguments")
+        }
+    }
+
 
     private fun usesOtherRegistersWhileEvaluating(arg: PtExpression): Boolean {
         return when(arg) {
             is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
-                if (arg.name == "lsb" || arg.name == "msb")
+                if (arg.name in arrayOf("lsb", "msb", "lsw", "msw"))
                     return usesOtherRegistersWhileEvaluating(arg.args[0])
                 if (arg.name == "mkword")
                     return usesOtherRegistersWhileEvaluating(arg.args[0]) || usesOtherRegistersWhileEvaluating(arg.args[1])
@@ -131,8 +250,15 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
         if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + "." + parameter.name)
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type)
+        val reg = parameter.register
+        if(reg!=null) {
+            require(reg in Cx16VirtualRegisters) { "can only use R0-R15 'registers' here" }
+            val varName = "cx16.${reg.name.lowercase()}"
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type)
+        } else {
+            val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + "." + parameter.name)
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type)
+        }
     }
 
     private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: IPtSubroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<PtSubroutineParameter>, value: PtExpression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null): RegisterOrStatusflag {
@@ -148,7 +274,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
         val register = paramRegister.registerOrPair
         val requiredDt = parameter.value.type
         if(requiredDt!=value.type) {
-            if(value.type largerThan requiredDt)
+            if(value.type.largerSizeThan(requiredDt))
                 throw AssemblyError("can only convert byte values to word param types")
         }
         if (statusflag!=null) {
@@ -187,21 +313,20 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
         else {
             // via register or register pair
             register!!
-            if(requiredDt largerThan value.type) {
+            if(requiredDt.largerSizeThan(value.type)) {
                 // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE)
-                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", value.type)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE))
+                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", value.type.base)
                 asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register, null, Position.DUMMY)
             } else {
                 val scope = value.definingISub()
                 val target: AsmAssignTarget =
-                    if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
+                    if(parameter.value.type.isByte && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
                         AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, parameter.value.type, scope, value.position, register = register)
                     else {
-                        val signed = parameter.value.type == DataType.BYTE || parameter.value.type == DataType.WORD
-                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, value.position, scope, asmgen)
+                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, parameter.value.type.isSigned, value.position, scope, asmgen)
                     }
-                val src = if(value.type in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                val src = if(value.type.isPassByRef) {
                     if(value is PtIdentifier) {
                         val addr = PtAddressOf(Position.DUMMY)
                         addr.add(value)
@@ -213,7 +338,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
                 } else {
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                 }
-                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, program.memsizer, target.position), scope)
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, listOf(target), program.memsizer, target.position), scope)
             }
             return RegisterOrStatusflag(register, null)
         }
@@ -222,18 +347,18 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val as
     private fun isArgumentTypeCompatible(argType: DataType, paramType: DataType): Boolean {
         if(argType isAssignableTo paramType)
             return true
-        if(argType==DataType.BOOL && paramType==DataType.BOOL)
+        if(argType.isBool && paramType.isBool)
             return true
-        if(argType in ByteDatatypes && paramType in ByteDatatypes)
+        if(argType.isByte && paramType.isByte)
             return true
-        if(argType in WordDatatypes && paramType in WordDatatypes)
+        if(argType.isWord && paramType.isWord)
             return true
 
         // we have a special rule for some types.
         // strings are assignable to UWORD, for example, and vice versa
-        if(argType==DataType.STR && paramType==DataType.UWORD)
+        if(argType.isString && paramType.isUnsignedWord)
             return true
-        if(argType==DataType.UWORD && paramType == DataType.STR)
+        if(argType.isUnsignedWord && paramType.isString)
             return true
 
         return false

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/IfExpressionAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AssignmentAsmGen
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
+
+internal class IfExpressionAsmGen(private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal, private val assignmentAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen, private val errors: IErrorReporter) {
+
+    internal fun assignIfExpression(target: AsmAssignTarget, expr: PtIfExpression) {
+        require(target.datatype==expr.type || target.datatype.isUnsignedWord && expr.type.isString)
+        val falseLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("ifexpr_false")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("ifexpr_end")
+        evalIfExpressionConditonAndBranchWhenFalse(expr.condition, falseLabel)
+        when {
+            expr.type.isByteOrBool -> {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.truevalue, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                asmgen.jmp(endLabel)
+                asmgen.out(falseLabel)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.falsevalue, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
+                assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A, false, false)
+            }
+            expr.type.isWord || expr.type.isString -> {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.truevalue, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                asmgen.jmp(endLabel)
+                asmgen.out(falseLabel)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.falsevalue, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
+                assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+            }
+            expr.type.isFloat -> {
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.truevalue, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
+                asmgen.jmp(endLabel)
+                asmgen.out(falseLabel)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.falsevalue, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, target)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun evalIfExpressionConditonAndBranchWhenFalse(condition: PtExpression, falseLabel: String) {
+        if (condition is PtBinaryExpression) {
+            val rightDt = condition.right.type
+            return when {
+                rightDt.isByteOrBool -> translateIfExpressionByteConditionBranch(condition, falseLabel)
+                rightDt.isWord -> translateIfExpressionWordConditionBranch(condition, falseLabel)
+                rightDt.isFloat -> translateIfExpressionFloatConditionBranch(condition, falseLabel)
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+            }
+        }
+        else if(condition is PtPrefix && condition.operator=="not") {
+            throw AssemblyError("not prefix in ifexpression should have been replaced by swapped values")
+        } else {
+            // the condition is "simple" enough to just assign its 0/1 value to a register and branch on that
+            asmgen.assignConditionValueToRegisterAndTest(condition)
+            asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateIfExpressionByteConditionBranch(condition: PtBinaryExpression, falseLabel: String) {
+        val signed = condition.left.type.isSigned
+        val constValue = condition.right.asConstInteger()
+        if(constValue==0) {
+            return translateIfCompareWithZeroByteBranch(condition, signed, falseLabel)
+        }
+
+        when(condition.operator) {
+            "==" -> {
+                // if X==value
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(condition.left, RegisterOrPair.A, signed)
+                asmgen.cmpAwithByteValue(condition.right, false)
+                asmgen.out("  bne  $falseLabel")
+            }
+            "!=" -> {
+                // if X!=value
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(condition.left, RegisterOrPair.A, signed)
+                asmgen.cmpAwithByteValue(condition.right, false)
+                asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+            }
+            in LogicalOperators -> {
+                val regAtarget = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BOOL), condition.definingISub(), condition.position, register=RegisterOrPair.A)
+                if (assignmentAsmGen.optimizedLogicalExpr(condition, regAtarget)) {
+                    asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+                } else {
+                    errors.warn("SLOW FALLBACK FOR 'IFEXPR' CODEGEN - ask for support", condition.position)      //  should not occur ;-)
+                    asmgen.assignConditionValueToRegisterAndTest(condition)
+                    asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> {
+                // TODO don't store condition as expression result but just use the flags, like a normal PtIfElse translation does
+                // TODO: special cases for <, <=, >, >= above.
+                asmgen.assignConditionValueToRegisterAndTest(condition)
+                asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateIfExpressionWordConditionBranch(condition: PtBinaryExpression, falseLabel: String) {
+        // TODO can we reuse this whole thing from IfElse ?
+        val constValue = condition.right.asConstInteger()
+        if(constValue!=null) {
+            if (constValue == 0) {
+                when (condition.operator) {
+                    "==" -> return translateWordExprIsZero(condition.left, falseLabel)
+                    "!=" -> return translateWordExprIsNotZero(condition.left, falseLabel)
+                }
+            }
+            if (constValue != 0) {
+                when (condition.operator) {
+                    "==" -> return translateWordExprEqualsNumber(condition.left, constValue, falseLabel)
+                    "!=" -> return translateWordExprNotEqualsNumber(condition.left, constValue, falseLabel)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        val variable = condition.right as? PtIdentifier
+        if(variable!=null) {
+            when (condition.operator) {
+                "==" -> return translateWordExprEqualsVariable(condition.left, variable, falseLabel)
+                "!=" -> return translateWordExprNotEqualsVariable(condition.left, variable, falseLabel)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO don't store condition as expression result but just use the flags, like a normal PtIfElse translation does
+        asmgen.assignConditionValueToRegisterAndTest(condition)
+        asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+    }
+
+    private fun translateIfExpressionFloatConditionBranch(condition: PtBinaryExpression, elseLabel: String) {
+        val constValue = (condition.right as? PtNumber)?.number
+        if(constValue==0.0) {
+            if (condition.operator == "==") {
+                // if FL==0.0
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(condition.left, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.SIGN |  cmp  #0 |  bne  $elseLabel")
+                return
+            } else if(condition.operator=="!=") {
+                // if FL!=0.0
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(condition.left, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.SIGN |  cmp  #0 |  beq  $elseLabel")
+                return
+            }
+        }
+
+        when(condition.operator) {
+            "==" -> {
+                asmgen.translateFloatsEqualsConditionIntoA(condition.left, condition.right)
+                asmgen.out("  beq  $elseLabel")
+            }
+            "!=" -> {
+                asmgen.translateFloatsEqualsConditionIntoA(condition.left, condition.right)
+                asmgen.out("  bne  $elseLabel")
+            }
+            "<" -> {
+                asmgen.translateFloatsLessConditionIntoA(condition.left, condition.right, false)
+                asmgen.out("  beq  $elseLabel")
+            }
+            "<=" -> {
+                asmgen.translateFloatsLessConditionIntoA(condition.left, condition.right, true)
+                asmgen.out("  beq  $elseLabel")
+            }
+            ">" -> {
+                asmgen.translateFloatsLessConditionIntoA(condition.left, condition.right, true)
+                asmgen.out("  bne  $elseLabel")
+            }
+            ">=" -> {
+                asmgen.translateFloatsLessConditionIntoA(condition.left, condition.right, false)
+                asmgen.out("  bne  $elseLabel")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("expected comparison operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateWordExprNotEqualsVariable(expr: PtExpression, variable: PtIdentifier, falseLabel: String) {
+        // if w!=variable
+        // TODO reuse code from ifElse?
+        val varRight = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
+        if(expr is PtIdentifier) {
+            val varLeft = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varLeft
+                cmp  $varRight
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varLeft+1
+                cmp  $varRight+1
+                beq  $falseLabel
++""")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                cmp  $varRight
+                bne  +
+                cpy  $varRight+1
+                beq  $falseLabel
++""")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateWordExprEqualsVariable(expr: PtExpression, variable: PtIdentifier, falseLabel: String) {
+        // if w==variable
+        // TODO reuse code from ifElse?
+        val varRight = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
+        if(expr is PtIdentifier) {
+            val varLeft = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varLeft
+                cmp  $varRight
+                bne  $falseLabel
+                lda  $varLeft+1
+                cmp  $varRight+1
+                bne  $falseLabel""")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                cmp  $varRight
+                bne  $falseLabel
+                cpy  $varRight+1
+                bne  $falseLabel""")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateWordExprNotEqualsNumber(expr: PtExpression, number: Int, falseLabel: String) {
+        // if w!=number
+        // TODO reuse code from ifElse?
+        if(expr is PtIdentifier) {
+            val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #<$number
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  #>$number
+                beq  $falseLabel
++""")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                cmp  #<$number
+                bne  +
+                cpy  #>$number
+                beq  $falseLabel
++""")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateWordExprEqualsNumber(expr: PtExpression, number: Int, falseLabel: String) {
+        // if w==number
+        // TODO reuse code from ifElse?
+        if(expr is PtIdentifier) {
+            val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #<$number
+                bne  $falseLabel
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  #>$number
+                bne  $falseLabel""")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            asmgen.out(                """
+                cmp  #<$number
+                bne  $falseLabel
+                cpy  #>$number
+                bne  $falseLabel""")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateWordExprIsNotZero(expr: PtExpression, falseLabel: String) {
+        // if w!=0
+        // TODO reuse code from ifElse?
+        if(expr is PtIdentifier) {
+            val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                ora  $varname+1
+                beq  $falseLabel""")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            asmgen.out("  sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  beq  $falseLabel")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateWordExprIsZero(expr: PtExpression, falseLabel: String) {
+        // if w==0
+        // TODO reuse code from ifElse?
+        if(expr is PtIdentifier) {
+            val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                ora  $varname+1
+                bne  $falseLabel""")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            asmgen.out("  sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  bne  $falseLabel")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateIfCompareWithZeroByteBranch(condition: PtBinaryExpression, signed: Boolean, falseLabel: String) {
+        // optimized code for byte comparisons with 0
+
+        val useBIT = asmgen.checkIfConditionCanUseBIT(condition)
+        if(useBIT!=null) {
+            // use a BIT instruction to test for bit 7 or 6 set/clear
+            val (testForBitSet, variable, bitmask) = useBIT
+            when (bitmask) {
+                128 -> {
+                    // test via bit + N flag
+                    asmgen.out("  bit  ${variable.name}")
+                    if(testForBitSet) asmgen.out("  bpl  $falseLabel")
+                    else asmgen.out("  bmi  $falseLabel")
+                    return
+                }
+                64 -> {
+                    // test via bit + V flag
+                    asmgen.out("  bit  ${variable.name}")
+                    if(testForBitSet) asmgen.out("  bvc  $falseLabel")
+                    else asmgen.out("  bvs  $falseLabel")
+                    return
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("BIT can only work on bits 7 and 6")
+            }
+        }
+
+        asmgen.assignConditionValueToRegisterAndTest(condition.left)
+        when (condition.operator) {
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  bne  $falseLabel")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+            ">" -> {
+                if(signed) asmgen.out("  bmi  $falseLabel |  beq  $falseLabel")
+                else asmgen.out("  beq  $falseLabel")
+            }
+            ">=" -> {
+                if(signed) asmgen.out("  bmi  $falseLabel")
+                else { /* always true for unsigned */ }
+            }
+            "<" -> {
+                if(signed) asmgen.out("  bpl  $falseLabel")
+                else asmgen.jmp(falseLabel)
+            }
+            "<=" -> {
+                if(signed) {
+                    // inverted '>'
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        beq  +
+                        bpl  $falseLabel
++""")
+                } else asmgen.out("  bne  $falseLabel")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("expected comparison operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+}

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ProgramAndVarsGen.kt

@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
     internal fun generate() {
         header()
-        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks()
-
-        if(allBlocks.first().name != "p8b_main" && allBlocks.first().name != "main")
-            throw AssemblyError("first block should be 'main' or 'p8b_main'")
 
         if(errors.noErrors())  {
             program.allBlocks().forEach { block2asm(it) }
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
             asmgen.out("; global float constants")
             for (flt in allocator.globalFloatConsts) {
-                val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(flt.key)
+                val floatFill = compTarget.getFloatAsmBytes(flt.key)
                 val floatvalue = flt.key
                 asmgen.out("${flt.value}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $floatvalue")
             }
@@ -56,9 +52,9 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
     private fun header() {
         val ourName = this.javaClass.name
-        val cpu = when(compTarget.machine.cpu) {
+        val cpu = when(compTarget.cpu) {
             CpuType.CPU6502 -> "6502"
-            CpuType.CPU65c02 -> "w65c02"
+            CpuType.CPU65C02 -> "w65c02"
             else -> "unsupported"
         }
 
@@ -75,6 +71,12 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         asmgen.out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG = ${zp.SCRATCH_REG}")
         asmgen.out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 = ${zp.SCRATCH_W1}    ; word")
         asmgen.out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 = ${zp.SCRATCH_W2}    ; word")
+        if(compTarget.name=="c64") {
+            if(options.floats)
+                asmgen.out("PROG8_C64_BANK_CONFIG=31  ; basic+IO+kernal")
+            else
+                asmgen.out("PROG8_C64_BANK_CONFIG=30  ; IO+kernal, no basic")
+        }
         asmgen.out(".weak")   // hack to allow user to override the following two with command line redefinition (however, just use '-esa' command line option instead!)
         asmgen.out(".endweak")
 
@@ -85,89 +87,121 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             }
         }
 
-        when(options.output) {
-            OutputType.RAW -> {
-                asmgen.out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
-                asmgen.out("  cld")
-                asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
-                asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
-                if(!options.noSysInit)
-                    asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
+        if(options.compTarget.customLauncher.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; ---- custom launcher assembler program ----")
+            asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_start\t; start of program label")
+            for(line in options.compTarget.customLauncher) {
+                asmgen.out(line)
             }
-            OutputType.PRG -> {
-                when(options.launcher) {
-                    CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC -> {
-                        if (options.loadAddress != options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS) {
-                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.position)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if(options.output == OutputType.LIBRARY) {
+
+            asmgen.out("; ---- library assembler program ----")
+            asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_start\t; start of program label")
+            asmgen.out("    jmp  p8b_main.p8s_start")
+            // note: the jmp above has 2 effects:
+            // 1. it prevents 64tass from stripping away all procs as unused code
+            // 2. it functions as the first entrypoint of the library, required anyway, to run the variable initialization/bss clear bootstrap code.
+
+        } else {
+
+            when (options.output) {
+                OutputType.LIBRARY -> { }
+                OutputType.RAW -> {
+                    asmgen.out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
+                    asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
+                    asmgen.out("prog8_program_start\t; start of program label")
+                    asmgen.out("  cld")
+                    asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
+                    asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
+                    if (!options.noSysInit)
+                        asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system")
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system_phase2")
+                }
+                OutputType.PRG -> {
+                    when (options.launcher) {
+                        CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC -> {
+                            if (options.loadAddress != options.compTarget.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS) {
+                                errors.err(
+                                    "BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}",
+                                    program.position
+                                )
+                            }
+                            asmgen.out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
+                            asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
+                            asmgen.out("prog8_program_start\t; start of program label")
+                            val year = LocalDate.now().year
+                            asmgen.out("  .word  (+), $year")
+                            asmgen.out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8'")
+                            asmgen.out("+\t.word  0")
+                            asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint")
+                            asmgen.out("  cld")
+                            asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
+                            asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
+                            if (!options.noSysInit)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system")
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system_phase2")
+                        }
+
+                        CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE -> {
+                            // this is the same as RAW
+                            asmgen.out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
+                            asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
+                            asmgen.out("prog8_program_start\t; start of program label")
+                            asmgen.out("  cld")
+                            asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
+                            asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
+                            if (!options.noSysInit)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system")
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system_phase2")
                         }
-                        asmgen.out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
-                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
-                        val year = LocalDate.now().year
-                        asmgen.out("  .word  (+), $year")
-                        asmgen.out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8'")
-                        asmgen.out("+\t.word  0")
-                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here")
-                        asmgen.out("  cld")
-                        asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
-                        asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
-                        if(!options.noSysInit)
-                            asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
-                        asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
-                    }
-                    CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE -> {
-                        // this is the same as RAW
-                        asmgen.out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
-                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
-                        asmgen.out("  cld")
-                        asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
-                        asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
-                        if(!options.noSysInit)
-                            asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
-                        asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
                     }
                 }
+                OutputType.XEX -> {
+                    asmgen.out("; ---- atari xex program ----")
+                    asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
+                    asmgen.out("prog8_program_start\t; start of program label")
+                    asmgen.out("  cld")
+                    asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
+                    asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
+                    if (!options.noSysInit)
+                        asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system")
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  p8_sys_startup.init_system_phase2")
+                }
             }
-            OutputType.XEX -> {
-                asmgen.out("; ---- atari xex program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
-                asmgen.out("  cld")
-                asmgen.out("  tsx  ; save stackpointer for sys.exit()")
-                asmgen.out("  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer")
-                if(!options.noSysInit)
-                    asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
-            }
-        }
 
-        if(options.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE)) {
-            asmgen.out("""
-                ; zeropage is clobbered so we need to reset the machine at exit
-                lda  #>sys.reset_system
-                pha
-                lda  #<sys.reset_system
-                pha""")
-        }
+            if (options.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE)) {
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    ; zeropage is clobbered so we need to reset the machine at exit
+                    lda  #>sys.reset_system
+                    pha
+                    lda  #<sys.reset_system
+                    pha""")
+            }
 
-        when(compTarget.name) {
-            "cx16" -> {
-                if(options.floats)
-                    asmgen.out("  lda  #4 |  sta  $01")    // to use floats, make sure Basic rom is banked in
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start")
-                asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
-            }
-            "c64" -> {
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start |  lda  #31 |  sta  $01")
-                asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
-            }
-            "c128" -> {
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start |  lda  #0 |  sta ${"$"}ff00")
-                asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
-            }
-            else -> {
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start")
-                asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
+            when (compTarget.name) {
+                "cx16" -> {
+                    if (options.floats)
+                        asmgen.out("  lda  #4 |  sta  $01")    // to use floats, make sure Basic rom is banked in
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start")
+                    asmgen.out("  jmp  p8_sys_startup.cleanup_at_exit")
+                }
+                "c64" -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start")
+                    asmgen.out("  jmp  p8_sys_startup.cleanup_at_exit")
+                }
+                "c128" -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start")
+                    asmgen.out("  jmp  p8_sys_startup.cleanup_at_exit")
+                }
+                else -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  p8b_main.p8s_start")
+                    asmgen.out("  jmp  p8_sys_startup.cleanup_at_exit")
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -192,12 +226,12 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                 for(num in 1..count) {
                     val name = asmgen.buildTempVarName(dt, num)
                     when (dt) {
-                        DataType.BOOL  -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
-                        DataType.BYTE  -> asmgen.out("$name    .char  ?")
-                        DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
-                        DataType.WORD  -> asmgen.out("$name    .sint  ?")
-                        DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  ?")
-                        DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("$name    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+                        BaseDataType.BOOL  -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
+                        BaseDataType.BYTE  -> asmgen.out("$name    .char  ?")
+                        BaseDataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
+                        BaseDataType.WORD  -> asmgen.out("$name    .sint  ?")
+                        BaseDataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  ?")
+                        BaseDataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("$name    .fill  ${options.compTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt for extravar $dt")
                     }
                 }
@@ -213,49 +247,49 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         var relocatedBssEnd = 0u
 
         if(options.varsGolden) {
-            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_START == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_END == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_END <= options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_START) {
+            if(options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_START == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_END == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_END <= options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_START) {
                 throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the golden ram area properly defined or it is simply not available")
             }
             relocateBssVars = true
-            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_START
-            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_END
+            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_START
+            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_END
         }
         else if(options.varsHighBank!=null) {
-            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END <= options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START) {
+            if(options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_END == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_END <= options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_START) {
                 throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the high ram area properly defined or it is simply not available")
             }
             if(options.slabsHighBank!=null && options.varsHighBank!=options.slabsHighBank)
                 throw AssemblyError("slabs and vars high bank must be the same")
             relocateBssVars = true
-            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START
-            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END
+            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_START
+            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_END
         }
 
         if(options.slabsGolden) {
-            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_START == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_END == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_END <= options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_START) {
+            if(options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_START == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_END == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_END <= options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_START) {
                 throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the golden ram area properly defined or it is simply not available")
             }
             relocateBssSlabs = true
-            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_START
-            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.machine.BSSGOLDENRAM_END
+            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_START
+            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.BSSGOLDENRAM_END
         }
         else if(options.slabsHighBank!=null) {
-            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END == 0u ||
-                options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END <= options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START) {
+            if(options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_END == 0u ||
+                options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_END <= options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_START) {
                 throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the high ram area properly defined or it is simply not available")
             }
             if(options.varsHighBank!=null && options.varsHighBank!=options.slabsHighBank)
                 throw AssemblyError("slabs and vars high bank must be the same")
             relocateBssSlabs = true
-            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START
-            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END
+            relocatedBssStart = options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_START
+            relocatedBssEnd = options.compTarget.BSSHIGHRAM_END
         }
 
         asmgen.out("; bss sections")
@@ -284,6 +318,8 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                 asmgen.out("  .cerror * > ${relocatedBssEnd.toHex()}, \"too many data for slabs_BSS section\"")
             }
         }
+        asmgen.out("  ; memtop check")
+        asmgen.out("  .cerror * >= ${options.memtopAddress.toHex()}, \"Program too long by \", * - ${(options.memtopAddress-1u).toHex()}, \" bytes, memtop=${options.memtopAddress.toHex()}\"")
     }
 
     private fun block2asm(block: PtBlock) {
@@ -291,12 +327,6 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         asmgen.out("; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
         if(block.options.address!=null)
             asmgen.out("* = ${block.options.address!!.toHex()}")
-        else {
-            if(block.options.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.WORD)
-                asmgen.out("\t.align 2")
-            else if(block.options.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.PAGE)
-                asmgen.out("\t.align $100")
-        }
 
         asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if(block.options.forceOutput) ".block" else ".proc"))
         asmgen.outputSourceLine(block)
@@ -419,22 +449,35 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         if((sub.name=="start" || sub.name=="p8s_start") && (sub.definingBlock()!!.name=="main" || sub.definingBlock()!!.name=="p8b_main"))
             entrypointInitialization()
 
-        if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
-            asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
-            if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-                val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
-                val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, sub.parameters[0].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                if(dt in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
+        val params = sub.parameters
+        if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaCpuRegisters(params)) {
+            asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via cpu register(s)")
+
+            fun varname(param: PtSubroutineParameter): String =
+                if(param.register==null)
+                    param.name
                 else
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
-            } else {
-                require(sub.parameters.size==2)
-                // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
-                val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, sub.parameters[0].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, sub.parameters[1].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
-                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
-                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
+                    param.register!!.asScopedNameVirtualReg(param.type).joinToString(".")
+
+            when(params.size) {
+                1 -> {
+                    val dt = params[0].type
+                    val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, params[0].position, variableAsmName = varname(params[0]))
+                    if(dt.isByteOrBool)
+                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)     // single byte in A
+                    else
+                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)    // word in AY
+                }
+                2 -> {
+                    val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, params[0].type, sub, params[0].position, variableAsmName = varname(params[0]))
+                    val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, params[1].type, sub, params[1].position, variableAsmName = varname(params[1]))
+                    if(params[0].type.isByteOrBool && params[1].type.isByteOrBool) {
+                        // 2 byte args, first in A, second in Y
+                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
+                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
+                    } else throw AssemblyError("cannot use registers for word+byte args")
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("cannot use registers for >2 args")
             }
         }
 
@@ -448,16 +491,16 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             if(addr!=null)
                 asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
             else when(dt) {
-                DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
-                DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  ?")
-                DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("$name    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+                BaseDataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
+                BaseDataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  ?")
+                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("$name    .fill  ${options.compTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt for extravar $dt")
             }
         }
         if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
-            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .fill  ${options.compTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
         if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
-            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .fill  ${options.compTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
         asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
 
         // normal statically allocated variables
@@ -471,6 +514,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
     private fun entrypointInitialization() {
         // zero out the BSS area first, before setting the variable init values
+        // this is mainly to make sure the arrays are all zero'd out at program startup
         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.program_startup_clear_bss")
 
         // initialize block-level (global) variables at program start
@@ -516,12 +560,12 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
         stringVarsWithInitInZp.forEach {
             val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(it.name)+"_init_value"
-            outputStringvar(varname, it.value.second, it.value.first)
+            outputStringvar(varname, 0, it.value.second, it.value.first)
         }
 
         arrayVarsWithInitInZp.forEach {
             val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(it.name)+"_init_value"
-            arrayVariable2asm(varname, it.alloc.dt, it.value, null)
+            arrayVariable2asm(varname, it.alloc.dt, 0, it.value, null)
         }
 
         asmgen.out("+")
@@ -541,24 +585,24 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
     private fun getZpStringVarsWithInitvalue(): Collection<ZpStringWithInitial> {
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpStringWithInitial>()
-        val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt==DataType.STR }
+        val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt.isString }
         for (variable in vars) {
             val scopedName = variable.key
             val svar = symboltable.lookup(scopedName) as? StStaticVariable
-            if(svar?.onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!))
+            if(svar?.initializationStringValue!=null)
+                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.initializationStringValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
 
     private fun getZpArrayVarsWithInitvalue(): Collection<ZpArrayWithInitial> {
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpArrayWithInitial>()
-        val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt in ArrayDatatypes }
+        val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt.isArray }
         for (variable in vars) {
             val scopedName = variable.key
             val svar = symboltable.lookup(scopedName) as? StStaticVariable
-            if(svar?.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!!))
+            if(svar?.initializationArrayValue!=null)
+                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.initializationArrayValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
@@ -569,7 +613,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             if (scopedName.startsWith("cx16.r"))
                 continue        // The 16 virtual registers of the cx16 are not actual variables in zp, they're memory mapped
             val variable = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
-            if(variable.dt in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
+            if(variable.dt.isSplitWordArray) {
                 val lsbAddr = zpvar.address
                 val msbAddr = zpvar.address + (zpvar.size/2).toUInt()
                 asmgen.out("${scopedName.substringAfterLast('.')}_lsb \t= $lsbAddr \t; zp ${zpvar.dt} (lsbs)")
@@ -586,7 +630,11 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         if(varsNoInit.isNotEmpty()) {
             asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
             asmgen.out("  .section BSS")
-            varsNoInit.sortedWith(compareBy<StStaticVariable> { it.name }.thenBy { it.dt }).forEach {
+            val (notAligned, aligned) = varsNoInit.partition { it.align==0 }
+            notAligned.sortedWith(compareBy<StStaticVariable> { it.name }.thenBy { it.dt.base }).forEach {
+                uninitializedVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+            aligned.sortedWith(compareBy<StStaticVariable> { it.align }.thenBy { it.name }.thenBy { it.dt.base }).forEach {
                 uninitializedVariable2asm(it)
             }
             asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
@@ -594,33 +642,51 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
         if(varsWithInit.isNotEmpty()) {
             asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables with init value")
-            val (stringvars, othervars) = varsWithInit.sortedBy { it.name }.partition { it.dt == DataType.STR }
-            stringvars.forEach {
+            val (stringvars, othervars) = varsWithInit.sortedBy { it.name }.partition { it.dt.isString }
+            val (notAlignedStrings, alignedStrings) = stringvars.partition { it.align==0 }
+            val (notAlignedOther, alignedOther) = othervars.partition { it.align==0 }
+            notAlignedStrings.forEach {
                 outputStringvar(
                     it.name,
-                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.second,
-                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.first
+                    it.align,
+                    it.initializationStringValue!!.second,
+                    it.initializationStringValue!!.first
                 )
             }
-            othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
+            alignedStrings.sortedBy { it.align }.forEach {
+                outputStringvar(
+                    it.name,
+                    it.align,
+                    it.initializationStringValue!!.second,
+                    it.initializationStringValue!!.first
+                )
+            }
+
+            notAlignedOther.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
+                staticVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+            alignedOther.sortedBy { it.align }.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
                 staticVariable2asm(it)
             }
         }
     }
 
     private fun uninitializedVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
-        when (variable.dt) {
-            DataType.BOOL, DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ?")
-            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  ?")
-            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ?")
-            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  ?")
-            DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  ${compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
-            in SplitWordArrayTypes -> {
+        val dt = variable.dt
+        when {
+            dt.isBool || dt.isUnsignedByte -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ?")
+            dt.isSignedByte -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  ?")
+            dt.isUnsignedWord -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ?")
+            dt.isSignedWord -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  ?")
+            dt.isFloat -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  ${compTarget.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+            dt.isSplitWordArray -> {
+                alignVar(variable.align)
                 val numbytesPerHalf = compTarget.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!) / 2
                 asmgen.out("${variable.name}_lsb\t.fill  $numbytesPerHalf")
                 asmgen.out("${variable.name}_msb\t.fill  $numbytesPerHalf")
             }
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> {
+            dt.isArray -> {
+                alignVar(variable.align)
                 val numbytes = compTarget.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!)
                 asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  $numbytes")
             }
@@ -630,41 +696,56 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun staticVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
-        val initialValue: Number =
-            if(variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
-                if(variable.dt== DataType.FLOAT)
-                    variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!!
-                else
-                    variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!!.toInt()
-            } else 0
+    private fun alignVar(align: Int) {
+        if(align > 1)
+            asmgen.out("  .align  ${align.toHex()}")
+    }
 
-        when (variable.dt) {
-            DataType.BOOL, DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  $initialValue")
-            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  $initialValue")
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                if(initialValue==0) {
-                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
-                } else {
-                    val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(initialValue)
-                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.STR -> {
+    private fun staticVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
+        if(!variable.dt.isArray && !variable.dt.isString) {
+            throw AssemblyError("static variables with an initialization value can only be an array or a string, not ${variable.dt} (${variable.name} ${variable.astNode?.position}")
+            // because numeric variables are in the BSS section and get initialized via assignment statements
+        }
+
+//        val initialValue: Number =
+//            if(variable.initializationNumericValue!=null) {
+//                if(variable.dt.isFloat)
+//                    variable.initializationNumericValue!!
+//                else
+//                    variable.initializationNumericValue!!.toInt()
+//            } else 0
+//
+
+        val dt=variable.dt
+        when {
+//            dt.isBool || dt.isUnsignedByte -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+//            dt.isSignedByte -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  $initialValue")
+//            dt.isUnsignedWord -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+//            dt.isSignedWord -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  $initialValue")
+//            dt.isFloat -> {
+//                if(initialValue==0) {
+//                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
+//                } else {
+//                    val floatFill = compTarget.getFloatAsmBytes(initialValue)
+//                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
+//                }
+//            }
+            dt.isString -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("all string vars should have been interned into prog")
             }
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(variable.name, variable.dt, variable.onetimeInitializationArrayValue, variable.length)
+            dt.isArray -> {
+                arrayVariable2asm(variable.name, variable.dt, variable.align, variable.initializationArrayValue, variable.length)
+            }
             else -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun arrayVariable2asm(varname: String, dt: DataType, value: StArray?, orNumberOfZeros: Int?) {
-        when(dt) {
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL -> {
+    private fun arrayVariable2asm(varname: String, dt: DataType, align: Int, value: StArray?, orNumberOfZeros: Int?) {
+        alignVar(align)
+        when {
+            dt.isUnsignedByteArray || dt.isBoolArray -> {
                 val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
                 if (data.size <= 16)
                     asmgen.out("$varname\t.byte  ${data.joinToString()}")
@@ -674,7 +755,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .byte  " + chunk.joinToString())
                 }
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+            dt.isSignedByteArray -> {
                 val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
                 if (data.size <= 16)
                     asmgen.out("$varname\t.char  ${data.joinToString()}")
@@ -684,7 +765,20 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .char  " + chunk.joinToString())
                 }
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+            dt.isSplitWordArray -> {
+                if(dt.elementType().isUnsignedWord) {
+                    val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
+                    asmgen.out("_array_$varname := ${data.joinToString()}")
+                    asmgen.out("${varname}_lsb\t.byte <_array_$varname")
+                    asmgen.out("${varname}_msb\t.byte >_array_$varname")
+                } else {
+                    val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
+                    asmgen.out("_array_$varname := ${data.joinToString()}")
+                    asmgen.out("${varname}_lsb\t.byte <_array_$varname")
+                    asmgen.out("${varname}_msb\t.byte >_array_$varname")
+                }
+            }
+            dt.isUnsignedWordArray -> {
                 val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
                 if (data.size <= 16)
                     asmgen.out("$varname\t.word  ${data.joinToString()}")
@@ -694,7 +788,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .word  " + chunk.joinToString())
                 }
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+            dt.isSignedWordArray -> {
                 val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
                 if (data.size <= 16)
                     asmgen.out("$varname\t.sint  ${data.joinToString()}")
@@ -704,22 +798,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .sint  " + chunk.joinToString())
                 }
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT -> {
-                val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
-                asmgen.out("_array_$varname := ${data.joinToString()}")
-                asmgen.out("${varname}_lsb\t.byte <_array_$varname")
-                asmgen.out("${varname}_msb\t.byte >_array_$varname")
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT -> {
-                val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
-                asmgen.out("_array_$varname := ${data.joinToString()}")
-                asmgen.out("${varname}_lsb\t.byte <_array_$varname")
-                asmgen.out("${varname}_msb\t.byte >_array_$varname")
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+            dt.isFloatArray -> {
                 val array = value ?: zeroFilledArray(orNumberOfZeros!!)
                 val floatFills = array.map {
-                    compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(it.number!!)
+                    compTarget.getFloatAsmBytes(it.number!!)
                 }
                 asmgen.out(varname)
                 for (f in array.zip(floatFills))
@@ -742,7 +824,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.address.toHex()}")
         }
         consts.sortedBy { it.name }.forEach {
-            if(it.dt==DataType.FLOAT)
+            if(it.dt==BaseDataType.FLOAT)
                 asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.value}")
             else
                 asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.value.toHex()}")
@@ -754,11 +836,16 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             .filter { it is PtAsmSub && it.address!=null }
             .forEach { asmsub ->
                 asmsub as PtAsmSub
-                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.address!!.toHex()}")
+                val address = asmsub.address!!
+                val bank = if(address.constbank!=null) "; @bank ${address.constbank}"
+                    else if(address.varbank!=null) "; @bank ${address.varbank?.name}"
+                    else ""
+                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${address.address.toHex()} $bank")
             }
     }
 
-    private fun outputStringvar(varname: String, encoding: Encoding, value: String) {
+    private fun outputStringvar(varname: String, align: Int, encoding: Encoding, value: String) {
+        alignVar(align)
         asmgen.out("$varname\t; $encoding:\"${value.escape().replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"", false)
         val bytes = compTarget.encodeString(value, encoding).plus(0.toUByte())
         val outputBytes = bytes.map { "$" + it.toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
@@ -768,8 +855,8 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
     private fun makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(dt: DataType, value: StArray?, orNumberOfZeros: Int?): List<String> {
         val array = value ?: zeroFilledArray(orNumberOfZeros!!)
-        return when (dt) {
-            DataType.ARRAY_BOOL ->
+        return when {
+            dt.isBoolArray ->
                 // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
                 array.map {
                     if(it.boolean!=null)
@@ -779,18 +866,23 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         if(number==0.0) "0" else "1"
                     }
                 }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB ->
+            dt.isUnsignedByteArray ->
                 // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
                 array.map {
                     val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                     "$"+number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
                 }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT -> array.map {
+            dt.isArray && dt.elementType().isUnsignedWord -> array.map {
                 if(it.number!=null) {
                     "$" + it.number!!.toInt().toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                 }
                 else if(it.addressOfSymbol!=null) {
-                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOfSymbol!!)
+                    val addrOfSymbol = it.addressOfSymbol!!
+                    val symbol = symboltable.lookup(addrOfSymbol)!!
+                    if(symbol is StStaticVariable && symbol.dt.isSplitWordArray)
+                        asmgen.asmSymbolName(addrOfSymbol+"_lsb")  // the _lsb split array comes first in memory
+                    else
+                        asmgen.asmSymbolName(addrOfSymbol)
                 }
                 else
                     throw AssemblyError("weird array elt")
@@ -801,14 +893,14 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
     private fun makeArrayFillDataSigned(dt: DataType, value: StArray?, orNumberOfZeros: Int?): List<String> {
         val array = value ?: zeroFilledArray(orNumberOfZeros!!)
-        return when (dt) {
+        return when {
             // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB ->
+            dt.isUnsignedByteArray ->
                 array.map {
                     val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                     "$"+number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
                 }
-            DataType.ARRAY_B ->
+            dt.isSignedByteArray ->
                 array.map {
                     val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                     val hexnum = number.absoluteValue.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
@@ -817,11 +909,11 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                     else
                         "-$$hexnum"
                 }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT -> array.map {
+            dt.isArray && dt.elementType().isUnsignedWord -> array.map {
                 val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                 "$" + number.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT -> array.map {
+            dt.isArray && dt.elementType().isSignedWord -> array.map {
                 val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                 val hexnum = number.absoluteValue.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                 if(number>=0)

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/VariableAllocator.kt

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                                  private val errors: IErrorReporter
 ) {
 
-    private val zeropage = options.compTarget.machine.zeropage
+    private val zeropage = options.compTarget.zeropage
     internal val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()     // all float values in the entire program (value -> varname)
     internal val zeropageVars: Map<String, MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation>
 
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
         val varsRequiringZp = allVariables.filter { it.zpwish == ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE }
         val varsPreferringZp = allVariables.filter { it.zpwish == ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE }
         val varsNotZp = allVariables.filter { it.zpwish == ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE }
-        val varsDontCare = allVariables.filter { it.zpwish == ZeropageWish.DONTCARE }
-        require(varsDontCare.size + varsRequiringZp.size + varsPreferringZp.size + varsNotZp.size == numberOfAllocatableVariables)
+        val (varsDontCareWithoutAlignment, varsDontCareWithAlignment) = allVariables.filter { it.zpwish == ZeropageWish.DONTCARE }.partition { it.align == 0 }
+        require(varsDontCareWithAlignment.size + varsDontCareWithoutAlignment.size + varsRequiringZp.size + varsPreferringZp.size + varsNotZp.size == numberOfAllocatableVariables)
 
         var numVariablesAllocatedInZP = 0
         var numberOfNonIntegerVariables = 0
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                 variable.scopedName,
                 variable.dt,
                 variable.length,
-                variable.astNode.position,
+                variable.astNode?.position ?: Position.DUMMY,
                 errors
             )
             result.fold(
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     numVariablesAllocatedInZP++
                 },
                 failure = {
-                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.astNode.position)
+                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.astNode?.position ?: Position.DUMMY)
                 }
             )
         }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     variable.scopedName,
                     variable.dt,
                     variable.length,
-                    variable.astNode.position,
+                    variable.astNode?.position ?: Position.DUMMY,
                     errors
                 )
                 result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             // try to allocate the "don't care" interger variables into the zeropage until it is full.
             // TODO some form of intelligent priorization? most often used variables first? loopcounter vars first? ...?
             if(errors.noErrors()) {
-                val sortedList = varsDontCare.sortedByDescending { it.scopedName }
+                val sortedList = varsDontCareWithoutAlignment.sortedByDescending { it.scopedName }
                 for (variable in sortedList) {
-                    if(variable.dt in IntegerDatatypesWithBoolean) {
+                    if(variable.dt.isIntegerOrBool) {
                         if(zeropage.free.isEmpty()) {
                             break
                         } else {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                                 variable.scopedName,
                                 variable.dt,
                                 variable.length,
-                                variable.astNode.position,
+                                variable.astNode?.position ?: Position.DUMMY,
                                 errors
                             )
                             result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -124,6 +124,6 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             }
         }
         collect(st)
-        return vars.sortedBy { it.dt }
+        return vars.sortedBy { it.dt.base }
     }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AnyExprAsmGen.kt

@@ -17,28 +17,28 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
     private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal
 ) {
     fun assignAnyExpressionUsingStack(expr: PtBinaryExpression, assign: AsmAssignment): Boolean {
-        when(expr.type) {
-            in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> {
-                if(expr.left.type in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean && expr.right.type in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean)
+        when {
+            expr.type.isByteOrBool -> {
+                if(expr.left.type.isByteOrBool && expr.right.type.isByteOrBool)
                     return assignByteBinExpr(expr, assign)
-                if (expr.left.type in WordDatatypes && expr.right.type in WordDatatypes) {
+                if (expr.left.type.isWord && expr.right.type.isWord) {
                     require(expr.operator in ComparisonOperators)
                     throw AssemblyError("words operands comparison -> byte, should have been handled elsewhere")
                 }
-                if (expr.left.type==DataType.FLOAT && expr.right.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
+                if (expr.left.type.isFloat && expr.right.type.isFloat) {
                     require(expr.operator in ComparisonOperators)
                     return assignFloatBinExpr(expr, assign)
                 }
                 throw AssemblyError("weird expr operand types: ${expr.left.type} and ${expr.right.type}")
             }
-            in WordDatatypes -> {
-                require(expr.left.type in WordDatatypes && expr.right.type in WordDatatypes) {
+            expr.type.isWord -> {
+                require(expr.left.type.isWord && expr.right.type.isWord) {
                     "both operands must be words"
                 }
                 throw AssemblyError("expression should have been handled otherwise: word ${expr.operator} at ${expr.position}")
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                require(expr.left.type==DataType.FLOAT && expr.right.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
+            expr.type.isFloat -> {
+                require(expr.left.type.isFloat && expr.right.type.isFloat) {
                     "both operands must be floats"
                 }
                 return assignFloatBinExpr(expr, assign)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
             "+" -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE))
                 asmgen.out("  pla |  clc |  adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, assign.target)
                 return true
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
             "-" -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE))
                 asmgen.out("  pla |  sec |  sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, assign.target)
                 return true
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
             "&" -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE))
                 asmgen.out("  pla |  and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, assign.target)
                 return true
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
             "|" -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE))
                 asmgen.out("  pla |  ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, assign.target)
                 return true
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
             "^", "xor" -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
                 asmgen.out("  pha")
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE))
                 asmgen.out("  pla |  eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                 asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, assign.target)
                 return true
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ internal class AnyExprAsmGen(
     private fun setupFloatComparisonFAC1vsVarAY(expr: PtBinaryExpression) {
         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr.left, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
         if(!expr.right.isSimple()) asmgen.pushFAC1()
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "floats.floats_temp_var", DataType.FLOAT)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(expr.right, "floats.floats_temp_var", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT))
         if(!expr.right.isSimple()) asmgen.popFAC1()
         asmgen.out("  lda  #<floats.floats_temp_var |  ldy  #>floats.floats_temp_var")
     }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ internal enum class TargetStorageKind {
     VARIABLE,
     ARRAY,
     MEMORY,
-    REGISTER
+    REGISTER,
+    VOID       // assign nothing - used in multi-value assigns for void placeholders
 }
 
 internal enum class SourceStorageKind {
@@ -44,11 +45,20 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
     }
 
     init {
-        if(register!=null && datatype !in NumericDatatypesWithBoolean)
+        if(register!=null && !datatype.isNumericOrBool)
             throw AssemblyError("must be numeric type")
     }
 
     companion object {
+        fun fromAstAssignmentMulti(targets: List<PtAssignTarget>, definingSub: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): List<AsmAssignTarget> {
+            return targets.map {
+                if(it.void)
+                    AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VOID, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED), null, it.position)
+                else
+                    fromAstAssignment(it, definingSub, asmgen)
+            }
+        }
+
         fun fromAstAssignment(target: PtAssignTarget, definingSub: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget {
             with(target) {
                 when {
@@ -77,12 +87,20 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
                 when(registers) {
                     RegisterOrPair.A,
                     RegisterOrPair.X,
-                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> {
+                        val dt = DataType.forDt(if(signed) BaseDataType.BYTE else BaseDataType.UBYTE)
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, dt, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    }
                     RegisterOrPair.AX,
                     RegisterOrPair.AY,
-                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                        val dt = DataType.forDt(if(signed) BaseDataType.WORD else BaseDataType.UWORD)
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, dt, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    }
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
-                    RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> {
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.FLOAT), scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    }
                     RegisterOrPair.R0,
                     RegisterOrPair.R1,
                     RegisterOrPair.R2,
@@ -98,7 +116,10 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
                     RegisterOrPair.R12,
                     RegisterOrPair.R13,
                     RegisterOrPair.R14,
-                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> {
+                        val dt = DataType.forDt(if(signed) BaseDataType.WORD else BaseDataType.UWORD)
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, dt, scope, pos, register = registers)
+                    }
                 }
     }
 
@@ -119,9 +140,8 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
             TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
                 left isSameAs memory!!
             }
-            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                false
-            }
+            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> false
+            TargetStorageKind.VOID -> false
         }
 }
 
@@ -151,7 +171,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                 return AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.LITERALNUMBER, program, asmgen, cv.type, number = cv)
             val bv = value as? PtBool
             if(bv!=null)
-                return AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.LITERALBOOLEAN, program, asmgen, DataType.BOOL, boolean = bv)
+                return AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.LITERALBOOLEAN, program, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.BOOL), boolean = bv)
 
             return when(value) {
                 // checked above:   is PtNumber -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
@@ -163,7 +183,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                         throw AssemblyError("can't assign from a asmsub register parameter $value ${value.position}")
                     val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                     // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
-                    if(value.type == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
+                    if(value.type.isUnsignedWord && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
                         val regStr = varName.lowercase().substring(5)
                         val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regStr.uppercase())
                         AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, value.type, register = reg)
@@ -172,7 +192,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                     }
                 }
                 is PtMemoryByte -> {
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, memory = value)
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), memory = value)
                 }
                 is PtArrayIndexer -> {
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, value.type, array = value)
@@ -183,9 +203,12 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                 is PtFunctionCall -> {
                     val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(value.name) ?: throw AssemblyError("lookup error ${value.name}")
                     val sub = symbol.astNode as IPtSubroutine
-                    val returnType = sub.returnsWhatWhere().firstOrNull { rr -> rr.first.registerOrPair != null || rr.first.statusflag!=null }?.second
+                    val returnType =
+                        if(sub is PtSub && sub.returns.size>1)
+                            DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UNDEFINED)      // TODO list of types instead?
+                        else
+                            sub.returnsWhatWhere().firstOrNull { rr -> rr.first.registerOrPair != null || rr.first.statusflag!=null }?.second
                             ?: throw AssemblyError("can't translate zero return values in assignment")
-
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType, expression = value)
                 }
                 else -> {
@@ -202,9 +225,9 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                 AsmAssignSource(kind, program, asmgen, newType, variableAsmName, array, memory, register, number, boolean, expression)
 
         if(target.datatype!=datatype) {
-            if(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes && datatype in ByteDatatypes) {
+            if(target.datatype.isByte && datatype.isByte) {
                 return withAdjustedDt(target.datatype)
-            } else if(target.datatype in WordDatatypes && datatype in WordDatatypes) {
+            } else if(target.datatype.isWord && datatype.isWord) {
                 return withAdjustedDt(target.datatype)
             }
         }
@@ -215,26 +238,30 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
 
 
 internal sealed class AsmAssignmentBase(val source: AsmAssignSource,
-                                        val target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                        val targets: List<AsmAssignTarget>,
                                         val memsizer: IMemSizer,
                                         val position: Position) {
     init {
-        if(target.register !in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
-            require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype at $position" }
-            require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
-                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position srcdt=${source.datatype} targetdt=${target.datatype}"
-            }
+        targets.forEach { target ->
+            if (!source.datatype.isArray && !source.datatype.isUndefined && !target.datatype.isArray && !target.datatype.isUndefined)
+                require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype, null) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype, null)) {
+                    "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position srcdt=${source.datatype} targetdt=${target.datatype}"
+                }
+        }
     }
+
+    val target: AsmAssignTarget
+        get() = targets.single()
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
-                             target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                             targets: List<AsmAssignTarget>,
                              memsizer: IMemSizer,
-                             position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+                             position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, targets, memsizer, position)
 
 internal class AsmAugmentedAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
                                       val operator: String,
                                       target: AsmAssignTarget,
                                       memsizer: IMemSizer,
-                                      position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+                                      position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, listOf(target), memsizer, position)
 

codeGenCpu6502/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -4,16 +4,25 @@ import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
 internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
-        in ByteDatatypesWithBoolean -> 1
-        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
-        else -> 2
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType, numElements: Int?): Int {
+        if(dt.isArray) {
+            require(numElements != null)
+            return when(dt.sub) {
+                BaseDataType.BOOL, BaseDataType.BYTE, BaseDataType.UBYTE -> numElements
+                BaseDataType.UWORD, BaseDataType.WORD -> numElements*2
+                BaseDataType.FLOAT -> numElements*5
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid sub type")
+            }
+        }
+        return when {
+            dt.isByteOrBool -> 1 * (numElements ?: 1)
+            dt.isFloat -> 5 * (numElements ?: 1)
+            else -> 2 * (numElements ?: 1)
+        }
     }
-    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
-        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
-        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
-        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
-        else -> numElements
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: BaseDataType): Int {
+        return memorySize(DataType.forDt(dt), null)
     }
 }
 

codeGenCpu6502/test/TestCodegen.kt

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.source.SourceCode
 import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502
 import java.nio.file.Files
@@ -26,7 +27,8 @@ class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
             floats = true,
             noSysInit = false,
             compTarget = target,
-            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+            loadAddress = target.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS,
+            memtopAddress = 0xffffu
         )
     }
 
@@ -43,52 +45,84 @@ class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
 //        xx += cx16.r0
 //    }
 //}
-        val codegen = AsmGen6502(prefixSymbols = false)
+        val codegen = AsmGen6502(prefixSymbols = false, 0)
         val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
         val block = PtBlock("main",false, SourceCode.Generated("test"), PtBlock.Options(), Position.DUMMY)
-        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
-        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
-        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
-        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
-        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), emptyList(), Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable(
+            "pi",
+            DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE),
+            ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
+            0u,
+            null,
+            null,
+            Position.DUMMY
+        ))
+        sub.add(PtVariable(
+            "particleX",
+            DataType.arrayFor(BaseDataType.UBYTE),
+            ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
+            0u,
+            null,
+            3u,
+            Position.DUMMY
+        ))
+        sub.add(PtVariable(
+            "particleDX",
+            DataType.arrayFor(BaseDataType.UBYTE),
+            ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
+            0u,
+            null,
+            3u,
+            Position.DUMMY
+        ))
+        sub.add(PtVariable(
+            "xx",
+            DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD),
+            ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
+            0u,
+            null,
+            null,
+            Position.DUMMY
+        ))
 
         val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
         val target = PtAssignTarget(false, Position.DUMMY).also {
-            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
-                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
-                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.arrayFor(BaseDataType.UBYTE), Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(BaseDataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
             }
             it.add(targetIdx)
         }
-        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
-        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
-        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.arrayFor(BaseDataType.UBYTE), Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(BaseDataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
         assign.add(target)
         assign.add(value)
         sub.add(assign)
 
         val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
         val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(false, Position.DUMMY).also {
-            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), Position.DUMMY))
         }
         prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
-        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), Position.DUMMY))
         sub.add(prefixAssign)
 
         val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-=", Position.DUMMY)
         val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(false, Position.DUMMY).also {
-            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), Position.DUMMY))
         }
         numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
-        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(BaseDataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
         sub.add(numberAssign)
 
         val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
         val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(false, Position.DUMMY).also {
-            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.WORD), Position.DUMMY))
         }
         cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
-        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), Position.DUMMY))
         sub.add(cxregAssign)
 
         block.add(sub)
@@ -96,7 +130,7 @@ class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
 
         // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
         val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", false, SourceCode.Generated("test"), PtBlock.Options(), Position.DUMMY)
-        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UWORD), 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
         program.add(cx16block)
 
         val options = getTestOptions()

codeGenExperimental/build.gradle

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-
-plugins {
-    id 'java'
-    id 'application'
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
-}
-
-java {
-    targetCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-    sourceCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-}
-
-compileKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-compileTestKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation project(':intermediate')
-    implementation project(':codeGenIntermediate')
-    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
-    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.0"
-
-}
-
-sourceSets {
-    main {
-        java {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/src"
-        }
-        resources {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/res"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// note: there are no unit tests in this module!

codeGenExperimental/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+plugins {
+    kotlin("jvm")
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(project(":codeCore"))
+    implementation(project(":intermediate"))
+    implementation(project(":codeGenIntermediate"))
+    // implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
+    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
+    implementation("com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.1")
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDir(file("${project.projectDir}/src"))
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDir(file("${project.projectDir}/res"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// note: there are no unit tests in this module!

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/ExperiCodeGen.kt

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class ExperiCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
         // but you can also use the Intermediate Representation to build a codegen on:
         val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
         val irProgram = irCodeGen.generate()
+        irProgram.verifyRegisterTypes(irCodeGen.registerTypes())
 
         // this stub only writes the IR program to disk but doesn't generate anything else.
         IRFileWriter(irProgram, null).write()

codeGenIntermediate/build.gradle

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-
-plugins {
-    id 'java'
-    id 'application'
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
-}
-
-java {
-    targetCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-    sourceCompatibility = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
-}
-
-compileKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-compileTestKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = javaVersion
-    }
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation project(':intermediate')
-    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
-    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.0"
-
-    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.9.1'
-    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.9.2'
-    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-framework-datatest:5.9.1'
-    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
-
-}
-
-sourceSets {
-    main {
-        java {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/src"
-        }
-        resources {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/res"
-        }
-    }
-    test {
-        java {
-            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-test {
-    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
-    useJUnitPlatform()
-
-    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
-    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
-
-    // Show test results.
-    testLogging {
-        events "skipped", "failed"
-    }
-}

codeGenIntermediate/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+plugins {
+    kotlin("jvm")
+}
+
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(project(":codeCore"))
+    implementation(project(":intermediate"))
+    // implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
+    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
+    implementation("com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:2.0.1")
+
+    testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.9.1")
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.9.1")
+    testImplementation("io.kotest:kotest-framework-datatest:5.9.1")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher")
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDir("${project.projectDir}/src")
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDir("${project.projectDir}/res")
+        }
+    }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDir("${project.projectDir}/test")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+tasks.test {
+    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn("cleanTest")
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events("skipped", "failed")
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/AssignmentGen.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.codegen.intermediate
 
-import prog8.code.StRomSub
-import prog8.code.StRomSubParameter
+import prog8.code.StExtSub
+import prog8.code.StExtSubParameter
+import prog8.code.StSub
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.intermediate.*
@@ -14,29 +15,47 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val values = assignment.value as? PtFunctionCall
                 ?: throw AssemblyError("only function calls can return multiple values in a multi-assign")
 
-            val sub = codeGen.symbolTable.lookup(values.name) as? StRomSub
-                ?: throw AssemblyError("only asmsubs can return multiple values")
-
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-            val funcCall = this.expressionEval.translate(values)
-            require(funcCall.multipleResultRegs.size + funcCall.multipleResultFpRegs.size >= 2)
-            if(funcCall.multipleResultFpRegs.isNotEmpty())
-                TODO("deal with (multiple?) FP return registers")
+            val funcCall = expressionEval.translate(values)
             val assignmentTargets = assignment.children.dropLast(1)
             addToResult(result, funcCall, funcCall.resultReg, funcCall.resultFpReg)
-            if(sub.returns.size==assignmentTargets.size) {
-                // Targets and values match. Assign all the things. Skip 'void' targets.
-                sub.returns.zip(assignmentTargets).zip(funcCall.multipleResultRegs).forEach {
-                    val target = it.first.second as PtAssignTarget
-                    if(!target.void) {
-                        val regNumber = it.second
-                        val returns = it.first.first
-                        result += assignCpuRegister(returns, regNumber, target)
+
+            val extsub = codeGen.symbolTable.lookup(values.name) as? StExtSub
+            if(extsub!=null) {
+                require(funcCall.multipleResultRegs.size + funcCall.multipleResultFpRegs.size >= 2)
+                if (funcCall.multipleResultFpRegs.isNotEmpty())
+                    TODO("deal with (multiple?) FP return registers")
+                if (extsub.returns.size == assignmentTargets.size) {
+                    // Targets and values match. Assign all the things. Skip 'void' targets.
+                    extsub.returns.zip(assignmentTargets).zip(funcCall.multipleResultRegs).forEach {
+                        val target = it.first.second as PtAssignTarget
+                        if (!target.void) {
+                            val regNumber = it.second
+                            val returns = it.first.first
+                            result += assignCpuRegister(returns, regNumber, target)
+                        }
                     }
+                } else {
+                    throw AssemblyError("number of values and targets don't match")
                 }
             } else {
-                throw AssemblyError("number of values and targets don't match")
+                val normalsub = codeGen.symbolTable.lookup(values.name) as? StSub
+                if (normalsub != null) {
+                    // multi-value returns are passed throug cx16.R15 down to R0 (allows unencumbered use of many Rx registers if you don't return that many values)
+                    val registersReverseOrder = Cx16VirtualRegisters.reversed()
+                    normalsub.returns.zip(assignmentTargets).zip(registersReverseOrder).forEach {
+                        val target = it.first.second as PtAssignTarget
+                        if(!target.void) {
+                            val assignSingle = PtAssignment(assignment.position, assignment.isVarInitializer)
+                            assignSingle.add(target)
+                            assignSingle.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.${it.second.toString().lowercase()}", it.first.first, assignment.position))
+                            result += translateRegularAssign(assignSingle)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else throw AssemblyError("expected extsub or normal sub")
             }
+
             return result
         } else {
             if (assignment.target.children.single() is PtIrRegister)
@@ -46,7 +65,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         }
     }
 
-    private fun assignCpuRegister(returns: StRomSubParameter, regNum: Int, target: PtAssignTarget): IRCodeChunks {
+    private fun assignCpuRegister(returns: StExtSubParameter, regNum: Int, target: PtAssignTarget): IRCodeChunks {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val loadCpuRegInstr = when(returns.register.registerOrPair) {
             RegisterOrPair.A -> IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADHA, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=regNum)
@@ -83,7 +102,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         val symbol = target.identifier?.name
         val array = target.array
         val value = augAssign.value
-        val signed = target.type in SignedDatatypes
+        val signed = target.type.isSigned
 
         val chunks = when (augAssign.operator) {
             "+=" -> operatorPlusInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value)
@@ -98,12 +117,6 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             "<<=" -> operatorShiftLeftInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value)
             ">>=" -> operatorShiftRightInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value, signed)
             "%=" -> operatorModuloInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value)
-            "==" -> operatorEqualsInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value)
-            "!=" -> operatorNotEqualsInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value)
-            "<" -> operatorLessInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value, signed)
-            ">" -> operatorGreaterInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value, signed)
-            "<=" -> operatorLessEqualInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value, signed)
-            ">=" -> operatorGreaterEqualInplace(symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt, value, signed)
             in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(augAssign.operator, symbol, array, constAddress, memTarget, targetDt)
 
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${augAssign.operator}")
@@ -125,7 +138,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     origAssign.operator.dropLast(1)
                 }
             }
-            value = PtBinaryExpression(operator, origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+            value = PtBinaryExpression(operator, origAssign.target.type, origAssign.value.position)
             val left: PtExpression = origAssign.target.children.single() as PtExpression
             value.add(left)
             value.add(origAssign.value)
@@ -145,7 +158,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
 
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null) {
-            val register = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val register = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
             val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(memory.address)
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
             when(operator) {
@@ -169,7 +182,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 "-" -> addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, address = constAddress, labelSymbol = symbol), null)
                 "~" -> addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.INVM, vmDt, address = constAddress, labelSymbol = symbol), null)
                 "not" -> {
-                    val regMask = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val regMask = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, immediate = 1)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, address = constAddress, labelSymbol = symbol)
@@ -182,7 +195,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
     }
 
     private fun inplacePrefixArray(operator: String, array: PtArrayIndexer): IRCodeChunks {
-        val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+        val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val vmDt = irType(array.type)
         val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
@@ -208,8 +221,8 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex), skipCarryLabel)
                     } else {
                         val indexReg = loadIndex()
-                        val registerLsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                        val registerMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                        val registerLsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                        val registerMsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = registerLsb, reg2 = indexReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb")
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = registerLsb)
@@ -231,7 +244,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.INVM, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex), null)
                     } else {
                         val indexReg = loadIndex()
-                        val register = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                        val register = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = register, reg2 = indexReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb")
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.INV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = register)
@@ -256,7 +269,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize), null)
                 } else {
                     val indexReg = loadIndex()
-                    val register = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val register = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmDt, reg1 = register, reg2 = indexReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, vmDt, reg1 = register)
@@ -269,7 +282,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.INVM, vmDt, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize), null)
                 } else {
                     val indexReg = loadIndex()
-                    val register = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val register = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmDt, reg1 = register, reg2 = indexReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.INV, vmDt, reg1 = register)
@@ -278,8 +291,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
             }
             "not" -> {
-                // TODO: in boolean branch, is 'not' handled ok like this?
-                val register = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val register = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                 if(constIndex!=null) {
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=register, immediate = 1)
@@ -328,7 +340,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 if (assignment.value is PtIrRegister) {
                     valueRegister = (assignment.value as PtIrRegister).register
                     if(extendByteToWord) {
-                        valueRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                        valueRegister = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
                         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=(assignment.value as PtIrRegister).register), null)
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -336,8 +348,8 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     valueRegister = tr.resultReg
                     addToResult(result, tr, valueRegister, -1)
                     if(extendByteToWord) {
-                        valueRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                        val opcode = if(assignment.value.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.EXTS else Opcode.EXT
+                        valueRegister = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
+                        val opcode = if(assignment.value.type.isSigned) Opcode.EXTS else Opcode.EXT
                         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=tr.resultReg), null)
                     }
                 }
@@ -358,9 +370,9 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         }
         else if(targetArray!=null) {
             val variable = targetArray.variable.name
-            val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(targetArray.type)
+            val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(targetArray.type, null)
 
-            val fixedIndex = constIntValue(targetArray.index)
+            val fixedIndex = targetArray.index.asConstInteger()
             val arrayLength = codeGen.symbolTable.getLength(targetArray.variable.name)
             if(zero) {
                 if(fixedIndex!=null) {
@@ -404,10 +416,11 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     if(fixedIndex!=null) {
                         val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                             if(targetArray.splitWords) {
-                                val msbReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueRegister, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb", symbolOffset = fixedIndex)
-                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
-                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb", symbolOffset = fixedIndex)
+                                val lsbmsbReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb", symbolOffset = fixedIndex)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb", symbolOffset = fixedIndex)
                             }
                             else
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = variable, symbolOffset = fixedIndex*itemsize)
@@ -418,10 +431,11 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                         result += code
                         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                             if(targetArray.splitWords) {
-                                val msbReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb")
-                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
-                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, reg2=indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb")
+                                val lsbmsbReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, reg2=indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb")
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbmsbReg, reg2=indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb")
                             }
                             else
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable)
@@ -456,7 +470,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     if((ptrWithOffset.right as? PtNumber)?.number?.toInt() in 0..255) {
                         // STOREIX only works with byte index.
                         val ptrName = (ptrWithOffset.left as PtIdentifier).name
-                        val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                        val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=offsetReg, immediate = ptrWithOffset.right.asConstInteger())
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREIX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=offsetReg, labelSymbol = ptrName)
@@ -466,10 +480,10 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 val offsetTypecast = ptrWithOffset?.right as? PtTypeCast
                 if(ptrWithOffset!=null && ptrWithOffset.operator=="+" && ptrWithOffset.left is PtIdentifier
-                    && (ptrWithOffset.right.type in ByteDatatypes || offsetTypecast?.value?.type in ByteDatatypes)) {
+                    && (ptrWithOffset.right.type.isByte || offsetTypecast?.value?.type?.isByte==true)) {
                     // STOREIX only works with byte index.
-                    val tr = if(offsetTypecast?.value?.type in ByteDatatypes)
-                        expressionEval.translateExpression(offsetTypecast!!.value)
+                    val tr = if(offsetTypecast?.value?.type?.isByte==true)
+                        expressionEval.translateExpression(offsetTypecast.value)
                     else
                         expressionEval.translateExpression(ptrWithOffset.right)
                     addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
@@ -499,9 +513,9 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
             return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
         }
-        val mult: PtExpression = PtBinaryExpression("*", DataType.UBYTE, array.position)
+        val mult: PtExpression = PtBinaryExpression("*", DataType.forDt(BaseDataType.UBYTE), array.position)
         mult.children += array.index
-        mult.children += PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, itemsize.toDouble(), array.position)
+        mult.children += PtNumber(BaseDataType.UBYTE, itemsize.toDouble(), array.position)
         val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(mult)
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
         return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
@@ -512,19 +526,19 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
                 if(array.splitWords) {
-                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
                     }
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -532,7 +546,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null // TODO("inplace word array &")
+            return null // TODO("optimized inplace word array &")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null // TODO("optimized memory in-place &")
@@ -552,19 +566,12 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
                 if(array.splitWords) {
-                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                    }
+                    throw AssemblyError("logical and on (split) word array should not happen")
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -572,7 +579,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null // TODO("inplace word array and")
+            return null // TODO("optimized inplace word array and")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null // TODO("optimized memory in-place and")
@@ -581,7 +588,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(operand)
         if(!operand.isSimple()) {
             // short-circuit  LEFT and RIGHT  -->  if LEFT then RIGHT else LEFT   (== if !LEFT then LEFT else RIGHT)
-            val inplaceReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val inplaceReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
             val shortcutLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                 it += if(constAddress!=null)
@@ -612,19 +619,19 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
                 if(array.splitWords) {
-                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
                     }
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -632,7 +639,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null // TODO("inplace word array |")
+            return null // TODO("optimized inplace word array |")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null // TODO("optimized memory in-place |")
@@ -652,19 +659,12 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
                 if(array.splitWords) {
-                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                    }
+                    throw AssemblyError("logical or on (split) word array should not happen")
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null  // TODO("inplace word array or")
+            return null  // TODO("optimized inplace word array or")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place or"")
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(operand)
         if(!operand.isSimple()) {
             // short-circuit  LEFT or RIGHT  -->  if LEFT then LEFT else RIGHT
-            val inplaceReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val inplaceReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
             val shortcutLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                 it += if(constAddress!=null)
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val constFactorRight = operand as? PtNumber
         if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
+            if(constFactorRight!=null && !constFactorRight.type.isFloat) {
                 val factor = constFactorRight.number
                 result += codeGen.divideByConstFloatInplace(constAddress, symbol, factor)
             } else {
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 addInstr(result, ins, null)
             }
         } else {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
+            if(constFactorRight!=null && !constFactorRight.type.isFloat) {
                 val factor = constFactorRight.number.toInt()
                 result += codeGen.divideByConstInplace(vmDt, constAddress, symbol, factor, signed)
             } else {
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
 
     private fun operatorMultiplyInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
         if(array!=null) {
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             if(array.splitWords)
                 return operatorMultiplyInplaceSplitArray(array, operand)
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
             if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
                 if(constValue!=1) {
-                    val valueReg=codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg=codeGen.registers.next(eltDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, eltDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate = constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MULM, eltDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null  // TODO("inplace array * non-const")
+            return null  // TODO("optimized inplace array * non-const")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place *"")
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                     , null)
             }
         } else {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
+            if(constFactorRight!=null && !constFactorRight.type.isFloat) {
                 val factor = constFactorRight.number.toInt()
                 result += codeGen.multiplyByConstInplace(vmDt, constAddress, symbol, factor)
             } else {
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
 
     private fun operatorMinusInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
         if(array!=null) {
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             if(array.splitWords)
                 return operatorMinusInplaceSplitArray(array, operand)
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 if(constValue==1) {
                     addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DECM, eltDt, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize), null)
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg=codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg=codeGen.registers.next(eltDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, eltDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate = constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, eltDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null  // TODO("inplace array -")
+            return null  // TODO("optimized inplace array -")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place -"")
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
     }
 
     private fun operatorMultiplyInplaceSplitArray(array: PtArrayIndexer, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
-        return null //    TODO("inplace split word array *")
+        return null  // fallback to slow method   // TODO("inplace split word array *")
     }
 
     private fun operatorMinusInplaceSplitArray(array: PtArrayIndexer, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         if(constIndex!=null) {
             val skip = codeGen.createLabelName()
             if(constValue==1) {
-                val lsbReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val lsbReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BSTNE, labelSymbol = skip)
@@ -905,10 +905,10 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             } else {
-                return null  // TODO("inplace split word array +")
+                return null  // fallback to slow method   // TODO("inplace split word array -")
             }
         }
-        return null  // TODO("inplace split word array +")
+        return null  // fallback to slow method   // TODO("inplace split word array -")
     }
 
     private fun operatorPlusInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             if(array.splitWords)
                 return operatorPlusInplaceSplitArray(array, operand)
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             val elementDt = irType(array.type)
             val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 if(constValue==1) {
                     addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.INCM, elementDt, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize), null)
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg=codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg=codeGen.registers.next(elementDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, elementDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate = constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, elementDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null  // TODO("inplace array +")
+            return null  // TODO("optimized inplace array +")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place +"")
@@ -991,18 +991,46 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 result += IRCodeChunk(skip, null)
                 return result
             } else {
-                return null  // TODO("inplace split word array +")
+                return null  // fallback to slow method   // TODO("inplace split word array +")
             }
         }
-        return null  // TODO("inplace split word array +")
+        return null  // fallback to slow method   // TODO("inplace split word array +")
     }
 
     private fun operatorShiftRightInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression, signed: Boolean): IRCodeChunks? {
         if(array!=null) {
-            TODO(">> in array")
+            val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+            val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
+            val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
+
+            if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
+                if(array.splitWords) {
+                    repeat(constValue) {
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSRM, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ROXRM, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
+                    if(constValue==1) {
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSRM, vmDt, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue and 255)
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSRNM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return result
+            }
+            return null   // TODO("optimized >> in array")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place >>"")
+            return null  //  TODO("optimized memory in-place >>"")
 
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         if(codeGen.isOne(operand)) {
@@ -1027,7 +1055,35 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
 
     private fun operatorShiftLeftInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
         if(array!=null) {
-            TODO("<< in array")
+            val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+            val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
+            val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
+
+            if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
+                if(array.splitWords) {
+                    repeat(constValue) {
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.ROXLM, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
+                    if(constValue==1) {
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, vmDt, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue and 255)
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LSLNM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return result
+            }
+            return null   // TODO("optimized << in array")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place <<"")
@@ -1056,19 +1112,19 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
             val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
             val constValue = operand.asConstInteger()
-            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
+            val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type, null)
             if(constIndex!=null && constValue!=null) {
                 if(array.splitWords) {
-                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueRegLsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+                    val valueRegMsb = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegLsb, immediate=constValue and 255)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegMsb, immediate=constValue shr 8)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegLsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_lsb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
+                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegMsb, labelSymbol = array.variable.name+"_msb", symbolOffset = constIndex)
                     }
                 } else {
-                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    val valueReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, immediate=constValue)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
@@ -1076,7 +1132,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
                 }
                 return result
             }
-            return null  // TODO("inplace word array xor")
+            return null  // TODO("optimized inplace word array xor")
         }
         if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place xor"")
@@ -1100,7 +1156,7 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place %"")
 
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(vmDt)
         if(operand is PtNumber) {
             val number = operand.number.toInt()
             if (constAddress != null) {
@@ -1139,293 +1195,4 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         }
         return result
     }
-
-    private fun operatorEqualsInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array!=null)
-            return createInplaceArrayComparison(array, operand, "==")
-        if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place compare"")
-
-        val chunks = if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            createInplaceFloatComparison(constAddress, symbol, operand, Opcode.SEQ)
-        } else {
-            createInplaceComparison(constAddress, symbol, vmDt, operand, Opcode.SEQ)
-        }
-        return chunks
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorNotEqualsInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array!=null)
-            return createInplaceArrayComparison(array, operand, "!=")
-        if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place compare"")
-
-        val chunks = if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            createInplaceFloatComparison(constAddress, symbol, operand, Opcode.SNE)
-        } else {
-            createInplaceComparison(constAddress, symbol, vmDt, operand, Opcode.SNE)
-        }
-        return chunks
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorGreaterInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression, signed: Boolean): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array!=null)
-            return createInplaceArrayComparison(array, operand, ">")
-        if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place compare"")
-
-        val opcode = if(signed) Opcode.SGTS else Opcode.SGT
-        val chunks = if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            createInplaceFloatComparison(constAddress, symbol, operand, opcode)
-        } else {
-            createInplaceComparison(constAddress, symbol, vmDt, operand, opcode)
-        }
-        return chunks
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorLessInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression, signed: Boolean): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array!=null)
-            return createInplaceArrayComparison(array, operand, "<")
-        if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place compare"")
-
-        val opcode = if(signed) Opcode.SLTS else Opcode.SLT
-        val chunks = if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            createInplaceFloatComparison(constAddress, symbol, operand, opcode)
-        } else {
-            createInplaceComparison(constAddress, symbol, vmDt, operand, opcode)
-        }
-        return chunks
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorGreaterEqualInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression, signed: Boolean): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array!=null)
-            return createInplaceArrayComparison(array, operand, ">=")
-        if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place compare"")
-
-        val opcode = if(signed) Opcode.SGES else Opcode.SGE
-        val chunks = if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            createInplaceFloatComparison(constAddress, symbol, operand, opcode)
-        } else {
-            createInplaceComparison(constAddress, symbol, vmDt, operand, opcode)
-        }
-        return chunks
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorLessEqualInplace(symbol: String?, array: PtArrayIndexer?, constAddress: Int?, memory: PtMemoryByte?, vmDt: IRDataType, operand: PtExpression, signed: Boolean): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array!=null)
-            return createInplaceArrayComparison(array, operand, "<=")
-        if(constAddress==null && memory!=null)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized memory in-place compare"")
-
-        val opcode = if(signed) Opcode.SLES else Opcode.SLE
-        val chunks = if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            createInplaceFloatComparison(constAddress, symbol, operand, opcode)
-        } else {
-            createInplaceComparison(constAddress, symbol, vmDt, operand, opcode)
-        }
-        return chunks
-    }
-
-    private fun createInplaceComparison(
-        constAddress: Int?,
-        symbol: String?,
-        vmDt: IRDataType,
-        operand: PtExpression,
-        compareAndSetOpcode: Opcode
-    ): MutableList<IRCodeChunkBase> {
-        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        val cmpResultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        if(operand is PtNumber || operand is PtBool) {
-
-            if(operand is PtNumber && operand.number==0.0 && compareAndSetOpcode in arrayOf(Opcode.SEQ, Opcode.SNE)) {
-                // ==0 or !=0 optimized case
-                val compareAndSetOpcodeZero = if(compareAndSetOpcode==Opcode.SEQ) Opcode.SZ else Opcode.SNZ
-                if (constAddress != null) {
-                    // in-place modify a memory location
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                        it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcodeZero, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, reg2 = valueReg)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, address = constAddress)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
-                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                        it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcodeZero, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2 = valueReg)
-                        it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    }
-                }
-                return result
-            }
-
-            // compare against number that is not 0
-            val numberReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            val value = if(operand is PtNumber) operand.number.toInt() else if(operand is PtBool) operand.asInt() else throw AssemblyError("wrong operand type")
-            if (constAddress != null) {
-                // in-place modify a memory location
-                val innervalue = if(operand is PtNumber) operand.number.toInt() else if(operand is PtBool) operand.asInt() else throw AssemblyError("wrong operand type")
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=numberReg, immediate = innervalue)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, reg2 = valueReg, reg3 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, address = constAddress)
-                }
-            } else {
-                // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=numberReg, immediate = value)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2 = valueReg, reg3 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(operand)
-            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-            if (constAddress != null) {
-                // in-place modify a memory location
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2 = valueReg, reg3 = tr.resultReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, address = constAddress)
-                }
-            } else {
-                // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2 = valueReg, reg3 = tr.resultReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return result
-    }
-
-    private fun createInplaceFloatComparison(
-        constAddress: Int?,
-        symbol: String?,
-        operand: PtExpression,
-        compareAndSetOpcode: Opcode
-    ): MutableList<IRCodeChunkBase> {
-        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
-        val cmpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        val zeroReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        if(operand is PtNumber) {
-            val numberReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
-            val cmpResultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            if (constAddress != null) {
-                // in-place modify a memory location
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = numberReg, immediateFp = operand.number)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=cmpReg, reg3=zeroReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpResultReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                }
-            } else {
-                // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = numberReg, immediateFp = operand.number)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = numberReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=cmpReg, reg3=zeroReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpResultReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(operand)
-            val cmpResultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
-            if (constAddress != null) {
-                // in-place modify a memory location
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=cmpReg, reg3=zeroReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpResultReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, address = constAddress)
-                }
-            } else {
-                // in-place modify a symbol (variable)
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpReg, fpReg1 = valueReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroReg, immediate = 0)
-                    it += IRInstruction(compareAndSetOpcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=cmpReg, reg3=zeroReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1=cmpResultReg, fpReg1 = valueReg)
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = valueReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return result
-    }
-
-    private fun createInplaceArrayComparison(array: PtArrayIndexer, value: PtExpression, comparisonOperator: String): IRCodeChunks? {
-        if(array.type==DataType.FLOAT)
-            return null  // TODO("optimized in-place compare on float arrays"))   // TODO?
-
-        val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
-        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        if(array.splitWords)
-            TODO("inplace compare for split word array")
-        val vmDt = irType(array.type)
-        val constIndex = array.index.asConstInteger()
-        val constValue = value.asConstInteger()
-        val cmpResultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        if(constIndex!=null) {
-            if(constValue==0) {
-                // comparison against zero.
-                val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
-                    it += when(comparisonOperator) {
-                        "==" -> IRInstruction(Opcode.SZ, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=valueReg)
-                        "!=" -> IRInstruction(Opcode.SNZ, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=valueReg)
-                        "<" -> return null  // TODO("array <0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        "<=" -> return null  // TODO("array <=0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        ">" -> return null  // TODO("array >0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        ">=" -> return null  // TODO("array >=0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator")
-                    }
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = cmpResultReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name, symbolOffset = constIndex*eltSize)
-                }
-                return result
-            } else {
-                return null  // TODO("compare against non-zero value"))
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(constValue==0) {
-                // comparison against zero.
-                val valueReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                val indexTr = expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index)
-                addToResult(result, indexTr, indexTr.resultReg, -1)
-                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, reg2=indexTr.resultReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name)
-                    it += when(comparisonOperator) {
-                        "==" -> IRInstruction(Opcode.SZ, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=valueReg)
-                        "!=" -> IRInstruction(Opcode.SNZ, vmDt, reg1=cmpResultReg, reg2=valueReg)
-                        "<" -> return null  // TODO("array <0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        "<=" -> return null  // TODO("array <=0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        ">" -> return null  // TODO("array >0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        ">=" -> return null  // TODO("array >=0 inplace")) // TODO?
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator")
-                    }
-                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1=valueReg, reg2=indexTr.resultReg, labelSymbol = array.variable.name)
-                }
-                return result
-            }
-            else
-                return null  // TODO("compare against non-zero value"))
-        }
-    }
-
 }

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.codegen.intermediate
 
 import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.code.core.BaseDataType
 import prog8.intermediate.*
 
 
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             "callfar" -> funcCallfar(call)
             "callfar2" -> funcCallfar2(call)
             "call" -> funcCall(call)
+            "lsw" -> throw AssemblyError("lsw() should have been removed or replaced by a const value")
+            "msw" -> throw AssemblyError("msw() should have been removed or replaced by a const value")
             "msb" -> funcMsb(call)
             "lsb" -> funcLsb(call)
             "memory" -> funcMemory(call)
@@ -39,88 +42,24 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             "ror" -> funcRolRor(call)
             "rol2" -> funcRolRor(call)
             "ror2" -> funcRolRor(call)
-            "prog8_ifelse_bittest_set" -> throw AssemblyError("prog8_ifelse_bittest_set() should have been translated as part of an ifElse statement")
-            "prog8_ifelse_bittest_notset" -> throw AssemblyError("prog8_ifelse_bittest_notset() should have been translated as part of an ifElse statement")
             "prog8_lib_stringcompare" -> funcStringCompare(call)
             "prog8_lib_square_byte" -> funcSquare(call, IRDataType.BYTE)
             "prog8_lib_square_word" -> funcSquare(call, IRDataType.WORD)
-            "prog8_lib_arraycopy" -> funcArrayCopy(call)
             else -> throw AssemblyError("missing builtinfunc for ${call.name}")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcArrayCopy(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
-        val source = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val target = call.args[1] as PtIdentifier
-        val sourceLength = codeGen.symbolTable.getLength(source.name)!!
-        val targetLength = codeGen.symbolTable.getLength(target.name)!!
-        require(sourceLength==targetLength)
-        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        val fromReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        val toReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        val countReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        if(source.type in SplitWordArrayTypes && target.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
-            // split words -> split words, copy lsb and msb arrays separately
-            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=fromReg, labelSymbol = source.name+"_lsb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=toReg, labelSymbol = target.name+"_lsb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=countReg, immediate = sourceLength)
-                it += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.MEMCOPY_SMALL, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to fromReg, IRDataType.WORD to toReg, IRDataType.BYTE to (countReg and 255)), returns = null)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=fromReg, labelSymbol = source.name+"_msb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=toReg, labelSymbol = target.name+"_msb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=countReg, immediate = sourceLength)
-                it += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.MEMCOPY_SMALL, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to fromReg, IRDataType.WORD to toReg, IRDataType.BYTE to (countReg and 255)), returns = null)
-            }
-        }
-        else if(source.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
-            // split -> normal words
-            require(target.type==DataType.ARRAY_UW || target.type==DataType.ARRAY_W)
-            val fromRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=fromReg, labelSymbol = source.name+"_lsb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=fromRegMsb, labelSymbol = source.name+"_msb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=toReg, labelSymbol = target.name)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=countReg, immediate = sourceLength)
-            }
-            result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.ARRAYCOPY_SPLITW_TO_NORMAL, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to fromReg, IRDataType.WORD to fromRegMsb, IRDataType.WORD to toReg, IRDataType.BYTE to countReg), returns = null)
-        }
-        else if(target.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) {
-            // normal -> split words
-            require(source.type==DataType.ARRAY_UW || source.type==DataType.ARRAY_W)
-            val toRegMsb = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=fromReg, labelSymbol = source.name)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=toReg, labelSymbol = target.name+"_lsb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=toRegMsb, labelSymbol = target.name+"_msb")
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=countReg, immediate = sourceLength)
-            }
-            result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.ARRAYCOPY_NORMAL_TO_SPLITW, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to fromReg, IRDataType.WORD to toReg, IRDataType.WORD to toRegMsb, IRDataType.BYTE to countReg), returns = null)
-        }
-        else {
-            // normal array to array copy (various element types)
-            val eltsize = codeGen.options.compTarget.memorySize(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(source.type))
-            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=fromReg, labelSymbol = source.name)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=toReg, labelSymbol = target.name)
-                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=countReg, immediate = sourceLength * eltsize)
-            }
-            result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.MEMCOPY_SMALL, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to fromReg, IRDataType.WORD to toReg, IRDataType.BYTE to (countReg and 255)), returns = null)
-        }
-
-        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
-    }
-
     private fun funcSquare(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultType: IRDataType): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
         addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, valueTr.resultFpReg)
         return if(resultType==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
-            val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+            val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.FLOAT)
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SQUARE, resultType, fpReg1 = resultFpReg, fpReg2 = valueTr.resultFpReg), null)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, resultType, -1, resultFpReg)
         }
         else {
-            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(resultType)
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SQUARE, resultType, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = valueTr.resultReg), null)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, resultType, resultReg, -1)
         }
@@ -134,7 +73,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         return if(call.void)
             ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
         else
-            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, codeGen.registers.nextFree(), -1)      // TODO actually the result is returned in CPU registers AY...
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD), -1)      // TODO actually the result is returned in CPU registers AY...
     }
 
     private fun funcCallfar(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
@@ -184,7 +123,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMOD, type, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = divident.number.toInt()), null)
             divisionReg = tr.resultReg
-            remainderReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            remainderReg = codeGen.registers.next(type)
         } else {
             val numTr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
             addToResult(result, numTr, numTr.resultReg, -1)
@@ -209,8 +148,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         val right = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
         addToResult(result, left, left.resultReg, -1)
         addToResult(result, right, right.resultReg, -1)
-        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to left.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to right.resultReg), IRDataType.BYTE to left.resultReg)
-        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, left.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to left.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to right.resultReg), IRDataType.BYTE to resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
     }
 
     private fun funcCmp(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
@@ -229,15 +169,15 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
     private fun funcAbs(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val sourceDt = call.args.single().type
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        if(sourceDt==DataType.UWORD)
+        if(sourceDt.isUnsignedWord)
             return ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY
 
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-        when (sourceDt) {
-            DataType.BYTE -> {
+        when (sourceDt.base) {
+            BaseDataType.BYTE -> {
                 val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
-                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BSTPOS, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
@@ -246,9 +186,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                 result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
                 return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
             }
-            DataType.WORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.WORD -> {
                 val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
-                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BSTPOS, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
@@ -257,8 +197,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                 result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
                 return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, tr.resultReg, -1)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> {
+                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.FLOAT)
                 addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.FABS, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg), null)
                 return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.FLOAT, -1, resultFpReg)
             }
@@ -269,7 +209,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
     private fun funcSgn(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
-        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(tr.dt)
 
         if(tr.dt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
             addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
@@ -289,26 +229,26 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
         val dt = call.args[0].type
-        when(dt) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+        when(dt.base) {
+            BaseDataType.UBYTE -> {
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
                 }
                 return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
+            BaseDataType.UWORD -> {
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=resultReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
                 }
                 return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, resultReg, -1)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+            BaseDataType.FLOAT -> {
                 addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
-                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.FLOAT)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg)
                 }
@@ -320,7 +260,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
 
     private fun funcMkword(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
         if((call.args[0] as? PtNumber)?.number == 0.0) {
             // msb is 0, use EXT
             val lsbTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
@@ -356,11 +296,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             )
             return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, -1, valueTr.resultFpReg)
         } else {
-            val syscall = when(call.type) {
-                DataType.UBYTE -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_UBYTE
-                DataType.BYTE -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_BYTE
-                DataType.UWORD -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_UWORD
-                DataType.WORD -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_WORD
+            val syscall = when(call.type.base) {
+                BaseDataType.UBYTE -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_UBYTE
+                BaseDataType.BYTE -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_BYTE
+                BaseDataType.UWORD -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_UWORD
+                BaseDataType.WORD -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_WORD
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
             }
             result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(
@@ -380,7 +320,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
         val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
         addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
-        val comparisonOpcode = if(call.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BGTSR else Opcode.BGTR
+        val comparisonOpcode = if(call.type.isSigned) Opcode.BGTSR else Opcode.BGTR
         val after = codeGen.createLabelName()
         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
             it += IRInstruction(comparisonOpcode, type, reg1 = rightTr.resultReg, reg2 = leftTr.resultReg, labelSymbol = after)
@@ -399,7 +339,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
         val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
         addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
-        val comparisonOpcode = if(call.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BGTSR else Opcode.BGTR
+        val comparisonOpcode = if(call.type.isSigned) Opcode.BGTSR else Opcode.BGTR
         val after = codeGen.createLabelName()
         result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
             it += IRInstruction(comparisonOpcode, type, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, reg2 = rightTr.resultReg, labelSymbol = after)
@@ -465,7 +405,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         return if(dt==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
             if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-                val resultFpRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+                val resultFpRegister = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.FLOAT)
                 val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, address = address)
@@ -474,7 +414,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             } else {
                 val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.FLOAT)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, IRDataType.FLOAT, reg1 = tr.resultReg, fpReg1 = resultFpReg)
                 }
@@ -482,7 +422,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             }
         } else {
             if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-                val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.next(dt)
                 val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, dt, reg1 = resultRegister, address = address)
@@ -491,7 +431,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             } else {
                 val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
                 addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(dt)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, dt, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
                 }
@@ -533,7 +473,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         }
 
         return if(address is PtNumber) {
-            val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
             val addressNum = address.number.toInt()
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, address = addressNum)
@@ -543,7 +483,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         } else {
             val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(address)
             addToResult(result, addressTr, addressTr.resultReg, -1)
-            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = addressTr.resultReg)
             }
@@ -556,22 +496,26 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
     private fun funcMemory(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val name = (call.args[0] as PtString).value
         val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
-        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
         code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol = "prog8_slabs.prog8_memoryslab_$name")
         return ExpressionCodeResult(code, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
     }
 
     private fun funcLsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
-        return exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg), null)
         // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
-        // ....To be more strict, maybe we should introduce a new result register that is of type .b?
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
     }
 
     private fun funcMsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
         addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
-        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg), null)
         // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
         return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
@@ -604,10 +548,25 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
         val arr = (arg as? PtArrayIndexer)
         val index = arr?.index?.asConstInteger()
         if(arr!=null && index!=null) {
-            if(arr.splitWords)  TODO("IR rol/ror on split words array")
             val variable = arr.variable.name
-            val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(arr.type)
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcodeMemAndReg.first, vmDt, labelSymbol = variable, symbolOffset = index*itemsize), null)
+            if(arr.splitWords) {
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    when(opcodeMemAndReg.first) {
+                        Opcode.ROXRM, Opcode.RORM -> {
+                            it += IRInstruction(opcodeMemAndReg.first, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb", symbolOffset = index)
+                            it += IRInstruction(opcodeMemAndReg.first, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb", symbolOffset = index)
+                        }
+                        Opcode.ROXLM, Opcode.ROLM -> {
+                            it += IRInstruction(opcodeMemAndReg.first, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb", symbolOffset = index)
+                            it += IRInstruction(opcodeMemAndReg.first, IRDataType.BYTE, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb", symbolOffset = index)
+                        }
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("wrong rol/ror opcode")
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                val offset = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(arr.type, index)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcodeMemAndReg.first, vmDt, labelSymbol = variable, symbolOffset = offset), null)
+            }
             return ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, -1, -1)
         }
 
@@ -636,7 +595,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             is PtIdentifier -> {
                 if(isConstZeroValue) {
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        val pointerReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                        val pointerReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = pointerReg, labelSymbol = target.name)
                         if (msb)
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.INC, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = pointerReg)
@@ -646,7 +605,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                     val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
                     addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
                     result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
-                        val pointerReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                        val pointerReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.WORD)
                         it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = pointerReg, labelSymbol = target.name)
                         if (msb)
                             it += IRInstruction(Opcode.INC, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = pointerReg)
@@ -661,7 +620,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                     val varName = target.variable.name + if(msb) "_msb" else "_lsb"
                     if(isConstZeroValue) {
                         if(constIndex!=null) {
-                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=offsetReg, immediate = constIndex)
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=offsetReg, labelSymbol = varName)
@@ -677,7 +636,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                         val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
                         addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
                         if(constIndex!=null) {
-                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=offsetReg, immediate = constIndex)
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueTr.resultReg, reg2=offsetReg, labelSymbol = varName)
@@ -692,11 +651,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                     }
                 }
                 else {
-                    val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(target.type)
+                    val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(target.type, null)
                     val constIndex = target.index.asConstInteger()
                     if(isConstZeroValue) {
                         if(constIndex!=null) {
-                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                             val offset = eltSize*constIndex + if(msb) 1 else 0
                             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=offsetReg, immediate = offset)
@@ -717,7 +676,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
                         val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
                         addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
                         if(constIndex!=null) {
-                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                            val offsetReg = codeGen.registers.next(IRDataType.BYTE)
                             val offset = eltSize*constIndex + if(msb) 1 else 0
                             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
                                 it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=offsetReg, immediate = offset)